CA1059429A - Gas-liquid scrubber with resilient flexible grids - Google Patents
Gas-liquid scrubber with resilient flexible gridsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1059429A CA1059429A CA237,160A CA237160A CA1059429A CA 1059429 A CA1059429 A CA 1059429A CA 237160 A CA237160 A CA 237160A CA 1059429 A CA1059429 A CA 1059429A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- grid means
- grid
- scrubber
- flexible
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
- B01D47/12—Washers with plural different washing sections
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An improved gas-liquid scrubber utilizing resilient and flexi-ble perforated transverse grid members has the ability to flex and fracture off any excessive solids buildup that may occur in certain scrubbing opera-tions. For example, high tensile strength, thick rubber screen material can be utilized. Also certain thermoplastic olefin rubber materials or the styrene-butadiene-based thermoplastic elastomers may be suitable flex-ible grid materials.
An improved gas-liquid scrubber utilizing resilient and flexi-ble perforated transverse grid members has the ability to flex and fracture off any excessive solids buildup that may occur in certain scrubbing opera-tions. For example, high tensile strength, thick rubber screen material can be utilized. Also certain thermoplastic olefin rubber materials or the styrene-butadiene-based thermoplastic elastomers may be suitable flex-ible grid materials.
Description
~0594Z9 .,.
The present invention relates to an improvet scrubber -chamber for accommodating the countercurrent contacting of a gaseous stream wlth a llquld medlum to remove an undesired gaseous or vapor component and/or entralned materials ln the gaseous stream.
More partlcularly, the inventlon is directed to providing resilient and flexible perforated grld means across a gas stream scrubblng chamber such that the grlds can flex and fracture off any excesslve sollds bulldup.
There are, of course, many types of gas-llquld contact-lng operations and varylng types of countercurrent contactlng chambers that are employed ln connectlon wlth varlous petroleum and chemlcal plant processlng systems, as well as employed ln scrubblng fume and partlcle laden streams from power plants and general industrial manufacturing operations. For example, a -`
plurality of spaced perforated plates are frequently used in a -~
chamber to provide a "sleve deck" type of gas-llquid scrubbing tower.
dap/~o ~0594Z9 ~:
Also, in an improved type of scrubbing chamber, there has been the use of light weight, spherically shaped mobile elements in one or more ~paced beds between perforate retaining grids to provide for lmproved particle removal and gas scrubbing operations. Such -scrubbers or contactors have been generally referred to in the industry as "floating bed scrubbers". A U.S. Patent No. 3,122,594, issued to A.W. Kielback, teaches the utilization of the light weight elements in one or more vertically spaced zones of a contact chamber where the upward gas flow causes the entire bed of elements to float and be lifted in a loose arrangement against an upper perforate barrier where they will move and rotate from the stream flows. In U.S. Patent No. 3,350,075, issued to H.R. Douglas, there is discloset a contacting operation where the light weight floating elements can have a more turbulent, random movement between more widely spaced perforate barrier means, as compared to the more compact bed of Kielback.
In certain scrubber operations handling entrained fumes and particles as well as utilizing certain types of li~uid or slurry wash streams, there can be a problem of a solids material bu$1tup on the transverse, stream tistributing grids in the ~crubber tower. For instance, where stack gases containing sulfur dioxlde ts2) and some fly ash are washed with a limestone and/or lime-containing slurry stream to effect the removal of the S02, there can be a resulting gypsum-like solids buildup on the grids o$ the contacting chamber. Specifically, there can be layers of calcium sulfate and calcium sulfite, as well as calcium carbonate and some tolomite, CaHg(C03)2, which may be supplied with the limestone in the slurry wash ~tream. Reported X-ray diffractlon and microscopic examinations of scale formations on scrubber surfaces, that were alternately dap/~
-. , . , . .- -wet and dry during ~he scrubbing of stack gases with a slurry of limestone, but containing some dolomite, showed calcium sulfite, calcium sulfate as relatively large gypsum crystals and fly ash. Some of the fly ash particles also seemed to have a complex coating that included iron, aluminum, silicon and sulfur, that may have been formed by a reaction between the t fly ash and the wash solution.
Thus, to preclude a scale or solids buildup on the perforate plate or grid system of a scrubber and prevent the blinding of the holes through the grids, it is a principal object of this invention to provide for a flexible construction in the grid means such that buildup of scale or a stratification of solids will be subject to fracture and removal.
It may also be considered an object of this invention to provide a grid construction which uses two or more sections of flexible, rubber-like material adapted to retain mobile, light-weight elements therebetween such that upward gas flow and/or downward liquid wash stream flow can cause sufficient flexure to the grid surfaces to, in turn, break off a major portion of any solids accumulations, as well as reduce wear on the elements, ln comparison to metal grids.
Broadly speaking, the present invention provides a gas-liquid scrubber chamber for contacting a descending liquid stream with a laden gas strqam in a countercurrent or cross-current fashion, in which scrubber there are provided one or more flexible and resilient flow distributing perforated grid means disposed across a flow path taken by fluid flowing in use of the chamber, the flexibility of the grid means enabling any excessive solids buildup on the grid means to be fractured off and removed by flexure of the grid means, in use of the scrubber chamber, in response to fluid flow in the scrubber chamber.
ywl/~ _ 3 _ ~' ' , ', ;' ' '. .' :
In another embodiment, the improved scrubber provides for two or more vertically spaced perforate grid means which are of a flexible and ywl/~" - 3a -~0594Z9 resilient material, with such spaced grid means being adapted to retain light weight, mobile elements which will be present for the countercurrent flows of the gaseous stream and the washing stream to, in turn, provide greater surface area and a more efficlent scrubbing operation.
In connection with the latter embodiment, it should be noted that the flexible and resilient grid members can be of advantage in causing less wear and breakage of mobile elements as compared to the hard and sharp edges of metal grid members.
One of the operational problems of the floating bed type of scrubbers which typically use hollow polyolefin spheres and the like, as the light weight mobile elements, is the rapid wear and breakage of such spheres. There has been considerable research in connection with the spheres themselves in order to provide ~ -better sphere construction or find materials which will have greater wear characteristics; however, there can also be a lessen-ing of wear through the use of the rubber-like, resilient surfaces;
provided by the improvet grids of the present invention.
Varlous types of resilient materials may be utilized ln provlding improved grlds for a scrubber chamber and it is not intended to limit the scopè of the present invention to the use of any one particular material. Preferably, rubber or other rubber-like materials will have suitable flexibility and resiliency to effect the desired fracture of solids buildup and preclude thick stratified layer~ from blocking or "blinding" the openings of scrubber grid members. In addition, the material should have high tensile strength, abrasion resistance, heat resistance, and 1n certain instances, chemical resistance to either acidic or alkaline materials. For example in stack gas scrubbing, the various S02 absorblng fluids, dap/~
105~4Z9 such as slurrie~ o~ calcium carbonate, lime, dolomite, etc., as well as the resulting reaction products, including, calcium sulfate, calcium ~ulfite, etc., need be resisted by the grid material. For low temperature operations, natural rubber can be utilized, as we~l as the various synthetic rubbers including neoprene, butyl rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, etc.; however, for higher temperature operations, the heat resistant synthetic rubbers are preferred. Other synthetic resilient and flexible materials may include polyurethane and the new thermoplastic elastomers such as the "thermoplastic olefin rubber" materials (Uniroyal's TPR* materials are an example), or a styrene-butadiene-based thermoplastic elastomer ~such as Kraton*
manufactured by Shell Chemical Company). Still another material may comprise a polyester elastomer, such as Hytrel* distributed by E.I. duPont de Nemours and Company.
In small chambers, whether vertically oriented or horizontally oriented for the gas flow, the rubber-like grid members may be of a single piece supported around the peripheral inside wall portions of the chamber; however, where there are relatively large diameters or large rectangular internal areas for the particular scrubbing chamber then smaller sections of resilient grid materials will be supported between intermediate support members and a plurality of sections will make up the surface area of one grid member. The thickness of a particular grid section will depend upon the tensile characteristics of the particular rubber-like material being supplied and to some extent upon the percentage of open area in any one grid member.
It is, of course, desired that each grid section will be sufficiently thin and flexible as to permit flexure and the fracturing of any layers of solids buildup. In connection with scrubbing chambers * Trademarks ' ~oS94Z9 utilizing light weight mobile spheres or other contact elements, it will, of course, be neces~ary that grid openings be sized and spaced to preclude the passage of the mobile element through the grld. The openings or perforations in the grid may be circular, rectangular, oval, or whatever, as long as there is a proper proportion of open area through a grid to accommodate the volume -of gas-liquid countercurrent flows.
Reference to the accompanying drawing ant the following descrlption thereof will ~erve to illu~trate how a flexible grid member can be of advantage in precluding Rolids buildup in counter-current flow scrubbing towers.
Figure 1 of the drawing is a diagrammatic elevational view indicating a typical countercurrent gas scrubbing operation in a vertically oriented chamber where the scrubbing is effected ln the presence of mobile elements between transverse grid members. ;~
Figure 2 of the drawing indicates in a partlal sectional elevational view how a particular perforate grid member of ~
resilient material can flex both upwardly and downwardly during ~ ;
th- countercurrent flow operations.
Flgures 3 and 4 of the drawing merely indicate in a dlagrammatic manner that the grid openings may be of varlous configurations.
Referring now particularly to Figure 1 of the drawing, there is indicated a vertically oriented scrubber chamber 1 with spaced perforate grid members 2 adapted to retain movable light weight contact members 3 which will assist in providing additional ~urface area for the countercurrent flow of the particle and/or fume laden gaseous stream and a descending liquid scrubbing stream. i-~
The laden gas stream is indicated as entering at inlet means 4 and being discharged at an upper outlet means 5 while a scrubbing stream is introduced from inlet line 6 and spray distributing .
means 7. The used washing liquid or slurry i8 collected within the lower portion of the scrubber tower 1 and permitted to be dap/J~
, ' , : .
~ 10594Z9 discharged by way of line 3. A controlled portion may be dis-charged through valve 9 while another portion may be recycled by way of line 10 with valve means 11 to recycle pump 12, which in turn di~charges into line 6 with control valve 13 such that there is a recycle feed to the distributing nozzles at 7. Additional wash ~tream make-up may be supplied to line 10, ahead of pump 12, through line 14 with control valve 15.
As heretofore noted, in countercurrent scrubbing towers of this type, or of a sieve-deck type where there are no mobile elements, there can be a solid6 buildup on the grid members 2 depending upon the nature of the laden gas stream and the type of wash stream being utilized for the particular scrubbing operatlon such that there is a need for a flexible type of grid to preclude the blinding or blockage of perforations in each of the grid members. There is also a need to preclude solids buildup on mist extracting means such as indicated at 16 within the upper portion of chamber 1.
In accordance with the present invention and as better illustrated by reference to Figure 2 of the drawing, there is intlcated 8 sectional view of grid members 2' within the interior of a chamber 1' which will have the abillty to flex and move both upwardly and downwardly to the dotted-line positions indicated at 17 and 18. Preferably, the degree of movement shall be sufficent to insure the fracturing and removal of any and all solids materials that tend to build up on the grid members. The sloughed-off solids will be washed to the lower portion of the contact chamber and be removed from the system or, in part, recirculated.
The grid section 2' is indicated in Figure 2 as being clamped between peripheral and intermediate support members such 30 as 19 and 20 by suitable hold-down bars 21 and 22 as well as by spaced bolt mean6 at 23 and 24. In a small chamber, as heretofore noted, the grid member 2' may extend entirely across the chamber.
and be suitably held by peripheral grid support means. On the dap/)~
- -~: 10594~9 ~:
other hand, in a large diameter or wide rectangular form chamber, ' there will necessarily be one or more intermediate support members ~uch as 20, and a plurality of grid sections, such as 2'. From the structural aspect~, the spacing of the support members 20 and the thlckness of the grid sections 2' will be correlated such that the latter will provite adequate flexure to insure the fracturing and breaking away of solids material. The upward and downward pressures on a transverse grid sy~tem will, of course, be exerted from the upwardly flowing gas stream and from the down-wardly flow wash stream. Under steady state operation, a flexurewill tend to be either upwardly or downwardly for any one grid section; however, typical operations provide non-6teady state conditions and there will be some upward pressure surges as well as downward pressure surges to provite the desired upward and downward flexure of the flexible grid sections.
The rubber-like grid members will also have greater ~-resiliency and abrasion resistance such that each section can have a long wear life as well as permit greater life to any mobile ele~ents which may be retained between spaced grids of the chamber.
A~ heretofore noted, it has been a problem in the floating bed type of scrubbers to provite a long wear life to the light weight hollow spherical elements by reason of their contacting each other and contacting retaining grid members. In connection with the present invention utilizing the resilient, rubber-like grids, there will be less sharp edges or corners at each of the multiplicity of perforations to cauge breakage and rapid wear of the moblle elements.
It is, of course, not intended to limit the grid means of the present invention to any one pattern or to the use of any one type of perforation in effecting the open area of a grid. In Figure 3 of the drawing, there is indicated a portion of a grid section utilizing a multiplicity of round openings 25; however, as best illustrated in Figure 4 of the drawing, there may be --dap /J~
,. -. . : . . - . .. . . . . .. :
'-~ 10594Z9 rectangular-form openings such as 26, to make up the desired open area of a particular grid. Still other configurations may be utilized in forming grid openings, including ovals, squares, long ~lots and the like. Typically, in a conventional countercurrent ~crubber, there wlll be in the order of 30% to 70% or more of any one grid that has free or open area to accommodate the counter-currently flowing streams through the chamber.
Although the present drawing has indicated that a contact chamber will be in a vertical orientation, it i8 to be noted that a sieve-deck chamber may extend horizontally in order to sccommodate a laterally flowing gaseous stream and that a wash llquid may be supplied downwardly through the laterally moving gaseous stream. In other words, it is not intended to limit the present invention to the use of transver-e grit means in only a vertically oriented tower or chamber. : -. .
.
~, dap/J~ ~
The present invention relates to an improvet scrubber -chamber for accommodating the countercurrent contacting of a gaseous stream wlth a llquld medlum to remove an undesired gaseous or vapor component and/or entralned materials ln the gaseous stream.
More partlcularly, the inventlon is directed to providing resilient and flexible perforated grld means across a gas stream scrubblng chamber such that the grlds can flex and fracture off any excesslve sollds bulldup.
There are, of course, many types of gas-llquld contact-lng operations and varylng types of countercurrent contactlng chambers that are employed ln connectlon wlth varlous petroleum and chemlcal plant processlng systems, as well as employed ln scrubblng fume and partlcle laden streams from power plants and general industrial manufacturing operations. For example, a -`
plurality of spaced perforated plates are frequently used in a -~
chamber to provide a "sleve deck" type of gas-llquid scrubbing tower.
dap/~o ~0594Z9 ~:
Also, in an improved type of scrubbing chamber, there has been the use of light weight, spherically shaped mobile elements in one or more ~paced beds between perforate retaining grids to provide for lmproved particle removal and gas scrubbing operations. Such -scrubbers or contactors have been generally referred to in the industry as "floating bed scrubbers". A U.S. Patent No. 3,122,594, issued to A.W. Kielback, teaches the utilization of the light weight elements in one or more vertically spaced zones of a contact chamber where the upward gas flow causes the entire bed of elements to float and be lifted in a loose arrangement against an upper perforate barrier where they will move and rotate from the stream flows. In U.S. Patent No. 3,350,075, issued to H.R. Douglas, there is discloset a contacting operation where the light weight floating elements can have a more turbulent, random movement between more widely spaced perforate barrier means, as compared to the more compact bed of Kielback.
In certain scrubber operations handling entrained fumes and particles as well as utilizing certain types of li~uid or slurry wash streams, there can be a problem of a solids material bu$1tup on the transverse, stream tistributing grids in the ~crubber tower. For instance, where stack gases containing sulfur dioxlde ts2) and some fly ash are washed with a limestone and/or lime-containing slurry stream to effect the removal of the S02, there can be a resulting gypsum-like solids buildup on the grids o$ the contacting chamber. Specifically, there can be layers of calcium sulfate and calcium sulfite, as well as calcium carbonate and some tolomite, CaHg(C03)2, which may be supplied with the limestone in the slurry wash ~tream. Reported X-ray diffractlon and microscopic examinations of scale formations on scrubber surfaces, that were alternately dap/~
-. , . , . .- -wet and dry during ~he scrubbing of stack gases with a slurry of limestone, but containing some dolomite, showed calcium sulfite, calcium sulfate as relatively large gypsum crystals and fly ash. Some of the fly ash particles also seemed to have a complex coating that included iron, aluminum, silicon and sulfur, that may have been formed by a reaction between the t fly ash and the wash solution.
Thus, to preclude a scale or solids buildup on the perforate plate or grid system of a scrubber and prevent the blinding of the holes through the grids, it is a principal object of this invention to provide for a flexible construction in the grid means such that buildup of scale or a stratification of solids will be subject to fracture and removal.
It may also be considered an object of this invention to provide a grid construction which uses two or more sections of flexible, rubber-like material adapted to retain mobile, light-weight elements therebetween such that upward gas flow and/or downward liquid wash stream flow can cause sufficient flexure to the grid surfaces to, in turn, break off a major portion of any solids accumulations, as well as reduce wear on the elements, ln comparison to metal grids.
Broadly speaking, the present invention provides a gas-liquid scrubber chamber for contacting a descending liquid stream with a laden gas strqam in a countercurrent or cross-current fashion, in which scrubber there are provided one or more flexible and resilient flow distributing perforated grid means disposed across a flow path taken by fluid flowing in use of the chamber, the flexibility of the grid means enabling any excessive solids buildup on the grid means to be fractured off and removed by flexure of the grid means, in use of the scrubber chamber, in response to fluid flow in the scrubber chamber.
ywl/~ _ 3 _ ~' ' , ', ;' ' '. .' :
In another embodiment, the improved scrubber provides for two or more vertically spaced perforate grid means which are of a flexible and ywl/~" - 3a -~0594Z9 resilient material, with such spaced grid means being adapted to retain light weight, mobile elements which will be present for the countercurrent flows of the gaseous stream and the washing stream to, in turn, provide greater surface area and a more efficlent scrubbing operation.
In connection with the latter embodiment, it should be noted that the flexible and resilient grid members can be of advantage in causing less wear and breakage of mobile elements as compared to the hard and sharp edges of metal grid members.
One of the operational problems of the floating bed type of scrubbers which typically use hollow polyolefin spheres and the like, as the light weight mobile elements, is the rapid wear and breakage of such spheres. There has been considerable research in connection with the spheres themselves in order to provide ~ -better sphere construction or find materials which will have greater wear characteristics; however, there can also be a lessen-ing of wear through the use of the rubber-like, resilient surfaces;
provided by the improvet grids of the present invention.
Varlous types of resilient materials may be utilized ln provlding improved grlds for a scrubber chamber and it is not intended to limit the scopè of the present invention to the use of any one particular material. Preferably, rubber or other rubber-like materials will have suitable flexibility and resiliency to effect the desired fracture of solids buildup and preclude thick stratified layer~ from blocking or "blinding" the openings of scrubber grid members. In addition, the material should have high tensile strength, abrasion resistance, heat resistance, and 1n certain instances, chemical resistance to either acidic or alkaline materials. For example in stack gas scrubbing, the various S02 absorblng fluids, dap/~
105~4Z9 such as slurrie~ o~ calcium carbonate, lime, dolomite, etc., as well as the resulting reaction products, including, calcium sulfate, calcium ~ulfite, etc., need be resisted by the grid material. For low temperature operations, natural rubber can be utilized, as we~l as the various synthetic rubbers including neoprene, butyl rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, etc.; however, for higher temperature operations, the heat resistant synthetic rubbers are preferred. Other synthetic resilient and flexible materials may include polyurethane and the new thermoplastic elastomers such as the "thermoplastic olefin rubber" materials (Uniroyal's TPR* materials are an example), or a styrene-butadiene-based thermoplastic elastomer ~such as Kraton*
manufactured by Shell Chemical Company). Still another material may comprise a polyester elastomer, such as Hytrel* distributed by E.I. duPont de Nemours and Company.
In small chambers, whether vertically oriented or horizontally oriented for the gas flow, the rubber-like grid members may be of a single piece supported around the peripheral inside wall portions of the chamber; however, where there are relatively large diameters or large rectangular internal areas for the particular scrubbing chamber then smaller sections of resilient grid materials will be supported between intermediate support members and a plurality of sections will make up the surface area of one grid member. The thickness of a particular grid section will depend upon the tensile characteristics of the particular rubber-like material being supplied and to some extent upon the percentage of open area in any one grid member.
It is, of course, desired that each grid section will be sufficiently thin and flexible as to permit flexure and the fracturing of any layers of solids buildup. In connection with scrubbing chambers * Trademarks ' ~oS94Z9 utilizing light weight mobile spheres or other contact elements, it will, of course, be neces~ary that grid openings be sized and spaced to preclude the passage of the mobile element through the grld. The openings or perforations in the grid may be circular, rectangular, oval, or whatever, as long as there is a proper proportion of open area through a grid to accommodate the volume -of gas-liquid countercurrent flows.
Reference to the accompanying drawing ant the following descrlption thereof will ~erve to illu~trate how a flexible grid member can be of advantage in precluding Rolids buildup in counter-current flow scrubbing towers.
Figure 1 of the drawing is a diagrammatic elevational view indicating a typical countercurrent gas scrubbing operation in a vertically oriented chamber where the scrubbing is effected ln the presence of mobile elements between transverse grid members. ;~
Figure 2 of the drawing indicates in a partlal sectional elevational view how a particular perforate grid member of ~
resilient material can flex both upwardly and downwardly during ~ ;
th- countercurrent flow operations.
Flgures 3 and 4 of the drawing merely indicate in a dlagrammatic manner that the grid openings may be of varlous configurations.
Referring now particularly to Figure 1 of the drawing, there is indicated a vertically oriented scrubber chamber 1 with spaced perforate grid members 2 adapted to retain movable light weight contact members 3 which will assist in providing additional ~urface area for the countercurrent flow of the particle and/or fume laden gaseous stream and a descending liquid scrubbing stream. i-~
The laden gas stream is indicated as entering at inlet means 4 and being discharged at an upper outlet means 5 while a scrubbing stream is introduced from inlet line 6 and spray distributing .
means 7. The used washing liquid or slurry i8 collected within the lower portion of the scrubber tower 1 and permitted to be dap/J~
, ' , : .
~ 10594Z9 discharged by way of line 3. A controlled portion may be dis-charged through valve 9 while another portion may be recycled by way of line 10 with valve means 11 to recycle pump 12, which in turn di~charges into line 6 with control valve 13 such that there is a recycle feed to the distributing nozzles at 7. Additional wash ~tream make-up may be supplied to line 10, ahead of pump 12, through line 14 with control valve 15.
As heretofore noted, in countercurrent scrubbing towers of this type, or of a sieve-deck type where there are no mobile elements, there can be a solid6 buildup on the grid members 2 depending upon the nature of the laden gas stream and the type of wash stream being utilized for the particular scrubbing operatlon such that there is a need for a flexible type of grid to preclude the blinding or blockage of perforations in each of the grid members. There is also a need to preclude solids buildup on mist extracting means such as indicated at 16 within the upper portion of chamber 1.
In accordance with the present invention and as better illustrated by reference to Figure 2 of the drawing, there is intlcated 8 sectional view of grid members 2' within the interior of a chamber 1' which will have the abillty to flex and move both upwardly and downwardly to the dotted-line positions indicated at 17 and 18. Preferably, the degree of movement shall be sufficent to insure the fracturing and removal of any and all solids materials that tend to build up on the grid members. The sloughed-off solids will be washed to the lower portion of the contact chamber and be removed from the system or, in part, recirculated.
The grid section 2' is indicated in Figure 2 as being clamped between peripheral and intermediate support members such 30 as 19 and 20 by suitable hold-down bars 21 and 22 as well as by spaced bolt mean6 at 23 and 24. In a small chamber, as heretofore noted, the grid member 2' may extend entirely across the chamber.
and be suitably held by peripheral grid support means. On the dap/)~
- -~: 10594~9 ~:
other hand, in a large diameter or wide rectangular form chamber, ' there will necessarily be one or more intermediate support members ~uch as 20, and a plurality of grid sections, such as 2'. From the structural aspect~, the spacing of the support members 20 and the thlckness of the grid sections 2' will be correlated such that the latter will provite adequate flexure to insure the fracturing and breaking away of solids material. The upward and downward pressures on a transverse grid sy~tem will, of course, be exerted from the upwardly flowing gas stream and from the down-wardly flow wash stream. Under steady state operation, a flexurewill tend to be either upwardly or downwardly for any one grid section; however, typical operations provide non-6teady state conditions and there will be some upward pressure surges as well as downward pressure surges to provite the desired upward and downward flexure of the flexible grid sections.
The rubber-like grid members will also have greater ~-resiliency and abrasion resistance such that each section can have a long wear life as well as permit greater life to any mobile ele~ents which may be retained between spaced grids of the chamber.
A~ heretofore noted, it has been a problem in the floating bed type of scrubbers to provite a long wear life to the light weight hollow spherical elements by reason of their contacting each other and contacting retaining grid members. In connection with the present invention utilizing the resilient, rubber-like grids, there will be less sharp edges or corners at each of the multiplicity of perforations to cauge breakage and rapid wear of the moblle elements.
It is, of course, not intended to limit the grid means of the present invention to any one pattern or to the use of any one type of perforation in effecting the open area of a grid. In Figure 3 of the drawing, there is indicated a portion of a grid section utilizing a multiplicity of round openings 25; however, as best illustrated in Figure 4 of the drawing, there may be --dap /J~
,. -. . : . . - . .. . . . . .. :
'-~ 10594Z9 rectangular-form openings such as 26, to make up the desired open area of a particular grid. Still other configurations may be utilized in forming grid openings, including ovals, squares, long ~lots and the like. Typically, in a conventional countercurrent ~crubber, there wlll be in the order of 30% to 70% or more of any one grid that has free or open area to accommodate the counter-currently flowing streams through the chamber.
Although the present drawing has indicated that a contact chamber will be in a vertical orientation, it i8 to be noted that a sieve-deck chamber may extend horizontally in order to sccommodate a laterally flowing gaseous stream and that a wash llquid may be supplied downwardly through the laterally moving gaseous stream. In other words, it is not intended to limit the present invention to the use of transver-e grit means in only a vertically oriented tower or chamber. : -. .
.
~, dap/J~ ~
Claims (7)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A gas-liquid scrubber chamber for contacting a descending liquid stream with a laden gas stream in a counter-current or crosscurrent fashion, in which scrubber there are provided one or more flexible and resilient flow distributing perforated grid means disposed across a flow path taken by fluid flowing in use of the chamber, the flexibility of said grid means enabling any excessive solids buildup on the grid means to be fractured off and removed by flexure of said grid means, in use of the scrubber chamber, in response to fluid flow in the scrubber chamber.
2. The scrubber chamber of Claim 1 wherein a plurality of said grid means are spaced apart to traverse the interior of a vertically oriented chamber and serve to retain mobile contact elements therebetween.
3. The scrubber chamber of Claim 1 or 2 wherein said flexible and resilient grid means are of a heat resistant rubber.
4. The scrubber chamber of Claim 1 or 2 wherein said flexible and resilient grid means are of a polyurethane material.
5. The scrubber chamber of Claim 1 or 2 wherein said flexible and resilient grid means are of a thermoplastic olefin rubber-like material.
6. The scrubber chamber of Claim 1 or 2 wherein said flexible and resilient grid means are of a styrene-butadiene-based thermoplastic elastomer,
7. The scrubber chamber of Claim 1 or 2 wherein said flexible and resilient grid means are of a polyester elastomer.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/520,819 US3996317A (en) | 1974-11-04 | 1974-11-04 | Gas-liquid scrubber with resilient flexible grids |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1059429A true CA1059429A (en) | 1979-07-31 |
Family
ID=24074206
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA237,160A Expired CA1059429A (en) | 1974-11-04 | 1975-10-07 | Gas-liquid scrubber with resilient flexible grids |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3996317A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5929284B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1059429A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE2548404C3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2289228A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1521998A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1047737B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO753679L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE416111B (en) |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4133852A (en) * | 1976-09-13 | 1979-01-09 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Hinged pressure relief tray |
| JPS5495551U (en) * | 1977-08-26 | 1979-07-06 | ||
| JPS56163727A (en) * | 1980-05-21 | 1981-12-16 | Kyowa Kako Kk | Gas absorption tower |
| US4273618A (en) * | 1980-07-28 | 1981-06-16 | Injection Plastics & Manufacturing Co. | Baffle for alcohol stills |
| DE8324619U1 (en) * | 1983-08-27 | 1984-01-12 | Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen | DEVICE FOR CONCENTRATING AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS |
| JPS6058228A (en) * | 1983-09-09 | 1985-04-04 | Senichi Masuda | Air purifying apparatus |
| US4764348A (en) * | 1984-05-29 | 1988-08-16 | Ets, Inc. | Emission control apparatus |
| US4734108A (en) * | 1985-05-31 | 1988-03-29 | Cox James P | Gas scrubbing apparatus and process |
| JPS62140983U (en) * | 1986-02-27 | 1987-09-05 | ||
| US5366666A (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1994-11-22 | Uop | Multiple downcomer fractionation tray having packing between downcomers |
| US5074331A (en) * | 1990-11-06 | 1991-12-24 | Marathon Oil Company | Method and means for redistributing reactor flow |
| CA2035701C (en) * | 1991-02-05 | 1999-01-19 | Karl T. Chuang | Active liquid distributor containing, packed column |
| WO1993009285A1 (en) * | 1991-11-04 | 1993-05-13 | The Black Clawson Company | Apparatus and method for washing cellulosic pulp |
| FI89770C (en) * | 1992-04-01 | 1993-11-25 | Ekokem Oy Ab | ANORDNING VID ROEKGASRENINGSAPPARAT |
| KR100316871B1 (en) * | 1999-12-30 | 2002-01-18 | 김고정 | Air clean system for industry |
| TW527221B (en) * | 2000-08-21 | 2003-04-11 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Method for removing sulfuric acid mist and apparatus for removing the same |
| TR201902589T4 (en) * | 2014-01-31 | 2019-03-21 | Lat Water Ltd | Counter-flow liquid gas evaporation and condensation apparatus and method including crushing plates. |
| US10913667B2 (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2021-02-09 | Westech Engineering, Inc. | Multi-media clarification systems and methods |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1499864A (en) * | 1922-12-30 | 1924-07-01 | John A Gordon | Air cleaner |
| US1873843A (en) * | 1929-03-18 | 1932-08-23 | Gen Engineering Co | Porous medium for aerating apparatus |
| BE581152A (en) * | 1958-07-29 | |||
| US3033193A (en) * | 1959-12-28 | 1962-05-08 | Howard L Rathman | Hot air furnace humidifier |
| US3218048A (en) * | 1960-09-14 | 1965-11-16 | Gen Cable Corp | Packing for fractionating column and the like |
| US3156957A (en) * | 1961-12-01 | 1964-11-17 | Life Man Inc | Floor mat and method of making the same |
| BE625252A (en) * | 1961-12-14 | 1963-03-15 | ||
| NL292367A (en) * | 1962-05-07 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| US3410057A (en) * | 1964-01-09 | 1968-11-12 | Bernard J. Lerner | Method for gas-liquid disentrainment operations |
| US3171820A (en) * | 1964-02-17 | 1965-03-02 | Scott Paper Co | Reticulated polyurethane foams and process for their production |
| US3307317A (en) * | 1965-06-24 | 1967-03-07 | Life Man Inc | Floor mat |
| JPS428119Y1 (en) * | 1966-02-19 | 1967-04-25 | ||
| US3855368A (en) * | 1972-04-26 | 1974-12-17 | Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved | Apparatus for bringing fluid phases into mutual contact |
| JPS5136986Y2 (en) * | 1972-06-07 | 1976-09-10 |
-
1974
- 1974-11-04 US US05/520,819 patent/US3996317A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1975
- 1975-10-07 CA CA237,160A patent/CA1059429A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-10-08 IT IT51704/75A patent/IT1047737B/en active
- 1975-10-21 GB GB43112/75A patent/GB1521998A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-10-27 JP JP50128424A patent/JPS5929284B2/en not_active Expired
- 1975-10-29 DE DE2548404A patent/DE2548404C3/en not_active Expired
- 1975-10-29 DE DE7534353U patent/DE7534353U/en not_active Expired
- 1975-11-03 SE SE7512273A patent/SE416111B/en unknown
- 1975-11-03 NO NO753679A patent/NO753679L/no unknown
- 1975-11-04 FR FR7533625A patent/FR2289228A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO753679L (en) | 1976-05-05 |
| DE7534353U (en) | 1976-11-04 |
| DE2548404A1 (en) | 1976-06-24 |
| FR2289228A1 (en) | 1976-05-28 |
| DE2548404B2 (en) | 1980-10-02 |
| SE416111B (en) | 1980-12-01 |
| DE2548404C3 (en) | 1981-11-19 |
| SE7512273L (en) | 1976-05-05 |
| GB1521998A (en) | 1978-08-23 |
| IT1047737B (en) | 1980-10-20 |
| FR2289228B1 (en) | 1978-05-12 |
| JPS5929284B2 (en) | 1984-07-19 |
| JPS5167584A (en) | 1976-06-11 |
| US3996317A (en) | 1976-12-07 |
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