CA1071772A - Method of manufacturing a semi-conductor device employing semi-conductor to semi-insulator conversion by ion implantation - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing a semi-conductor device employing semi-conductor to semi-insulator conversion by ion implantation

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Publication number
CA1071772A
CA1071772A CA250,473A CA250473A CA1071772A CA 1071772 A CA1071772 A CA 1071772A CA 250473 A CA250473 A CA 250473A CA 1071772 A CA1071772 A CA 1071772A
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Prior art keywords
layer
polycrystalline
insulating layer
substrate
oxygen
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CA250,473A
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French (fr)
Inventor
Hisao Hayashi
Tadayoshi Mifune
Takeshi Matsushita
Teruaki Aoki
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Sony Corp
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Sony Corp
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    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
    • H01L21/26—Bombardment with radiation
    • H01L21/263—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation
    • H01L21/265—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation producing ion implantation
    • H01L21/26506—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation producing ion implantation in group IV semiconductors
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    • H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
    • H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
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    • H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
    • H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
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    • H01L21/314—Inorganic layers
    • H01L21/316—Inorganic layers composed of oxides or glassy oxides or oxide based glass
    • H01L21/3165—Inorganic layers composed of oxides or glassy oxides or oxide based glass formed by oxidation
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    • H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
    • H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
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    • H01L21/314—Inorganic layers
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    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/86—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable only by variation of the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to one or more of the electrodes carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched
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    • H01L21/02112—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
    • H01L21/02123—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon
    • H01L21/02164—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon the material being a silicon oxide, e.g. SiO2
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    • H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
    • H01L21/02112—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
    • H01L21/02123—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon
    • H01L21/0217—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon the material being a silicon nitride not containing oxygen, e.g. SixNy or SixByNz
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    • H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
    • H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
    • Y10S148/061—Gettering-armorphous layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S148/085—Isolated-integrated
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
    • Y10S148/112—Nitridation, direct, of silicon
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
    • Y10S148/114—Nitrides of silicon
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S438/00—Semiconductor device manufacturing: process
    • Y10S438/958—Passivation layer

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE

An oxygen or nitrogen ion beam is implanted into a polycrystalline silicon or in an amorphous silicon layer, or a single crystal device body or layer, on a semiconductor substrate to an extent sufficient to convert the polycrystalline silicon layer, the amorphous layer or the single crystal device body or layer into a semi-insulating layer having a resistivity of 107 to 1011 ohm-cm, which has improved passivation property.

Description

BACICGROUND OF THE INVENTION
. .

This invention relates to a semiconductor device and to a method of manufacturing a semi-insulating layer therefor, and in particular, relates to semiconductor devices such as diodes, transis-tors or resistors which has one or more surface passivating layers, and to a method of manufacturing the same.
Conventional passivating layers include a SiO2 layer, a glass layer with phosphorus, and a Si3N4 layer. In the case of SiO2 layer, electric charges are induced at a surface of a semiconductor substrate by electric chargcs in the SiO2 layer, which are fixed by the polarization in a molding resin, and it deteriorates the breakdown voltage and the reliability influenced by an external electric field.
The above passivating layers have a bad water-resisting property, where the leakage current varies according to humidity conditions.
A pure polycrystalline silicon layer was a!so proposed for passivation, but it has a large leakage current and a small DC current gain hFE, while it has a high breakdown voltage.
Matsushita et al U.S. Patent 4,014,037 issued March 22, 1977 and assigned to the same assignee as the present invention, discloses a polycrystalline silicon layer with oxygen atoms and/or nitrogen atoms for passivation, where the resistance of the polycrystalline silicon layer is semi-insulating in character, having a resistivity of approximately 107 to 1011 ohm-cm, and the breakdown voltage and the reliability from resistance to water are improved. This layer was provided not only for passivation, but also for the formation of a resistor or the like.

~ ` .;
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This polycrystalline silicon layer is uniformly formed by a chemical vapor deposition, in which silicon is deposited by a thermal decomposition o~ SiH4 and oxygen or nitrogen is doped in silicon by a decomposition of nitrogen oxide (N20, etc. ) or NH3, respectively.
This method is suitable for a uniform passivating ~ayer, but it is difficult to control the gas flow rate and temperature to determine the oxygen or nitrogen concentration, to form a layer selectively or to vary the concentration profile laterally.

SUMMARY OF T~IE INVENTION
.
The object of this invention is to provide a novel semi- `
conductor device and an improved method of manufacturing a poly-crystalline silicon, an amorphous silicon, and/or a single crystal silicon device body or layer with oxygen and/or nitrogen. Oxygen andjor nitrogen is ion implanted into a silicon layer, which layer is converted into a semi-insulating layer. This enables the control of oxygen or nitrogen concentration precisely and easily, and to vary it laterally or vertically and to form the silicon layer selectively. By implanting the oxygen and/or nitrogen by an ion beam, diff$rent regions of a single layer may have different concentrations of oxygen and/or nitrogen.
The concentration of oxygen implanted into silicon is 2 to 45 atomic percent, but is preferably 15 to 35 atomic percent, to have a good passivation. There is observed a leakage current if oxygen is much less, and undesirable results such as those associated with SiO2 result, if oxygen is much more. The nitrogen concentration is more than 10 atomic percent. The resisti~ity and water-protecting property is .. , ,. . ~

deteriorated iE nitrogen is much less.
Where the layer is a polycrystalline, it is formed to have a grain si~e of 1000 A or less, and preferably a grain size of 100 to 200 ~. ~
. .
In one aspect of this inventionthere is provided a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method includes implanting one of a group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen in a silicon layer until said layer has been converted into a semi-insulating layer having a resistivity of 107 to 1011 ohm-cm.
In another aspect of this invention there is provided a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device -having a surface requiring passivation. The method includes taking a single crystal semiconductor body, forming a poly-crystalline silicon layer on one surface of said body, forming an insulating layer on said polycrystalline silicon layer, subjecting the insulating layer to an oxygen ion beam by an energy sufficien~ly high as to cause O ions to be injected into the polycrystalline silicon layer, and annealing said body to convert said polycrystalline silicon layer into a semi-insulating layer having a resistivity of 107 to 1011 ohm-cm. The amount of -oxygen in said converted polycrystalline silicon layer adjacent the silicon semiconductor body is 15 to 35 atomic percent.
In still another aspect of this invention there is provided a method of manufacturing a junction type transistor having a substrate of one conductivity type forming a collector region, a base region of the opposite conductivity type formed in a planar surface of said collector region with said collector region surrounding said base region, and an emitter region of ., said first conductivity type formed in the planar surface of ~ -4-'~ .

~07~772 said base region. There is a PN junction between said base and collector which rises to said planar surface and a PN
junction between said emitter and said base which rises to said planar surface, forming a polycrystalline silicon layer on said planar surface of said substrate. According to the method an insulating layer is formed on said polycrystalline - silicon layer. The substrate is then subjected to an oxygen ion beam which has an energy sufficiently high to cause oxygen ions to be injected into said polycrystalline silicon layer.
The substrate is thereafter annealed to convert said poly-crystalline silicon layer into a semi-insulating layer having a resistivity of 107 to 1011 ohm-cm. The amount of oxygen in said converted polycrystalline silicon layer is 15 to 35 atomic percent near the substrate-polycrystalline interface and approximately 67 atomic percent near the polycrystalline-insulating layer interface.
In a further aspect of this invention there is provided a method of manufacturing a resistor. The method comprises comprises forming a silicon dioxide layer by thermal oxidation on a silicon substrate, forming a pure polycrystalline silicon layer by growth on said silicon dioxide layer, forming a second silicon dioxide layer by growth on said pure poly-crystalline silicon layer, etching an opening through said second silicon dioxide layer, implanting an oxygen ion beam in the portion of the polycrystalline silicon layer lying below said opening, annealing the exposed polycrystalline silicon layer to convert said portion into a super high resistance layer, forming two additional openings through said second silicon dioxide layer on opposite sides of said first opening, - and diffusing aluminum contacts through said second openings into contact with said polycrystalline layer. The oxygen ~ -4a-,~
".,, ~ , .. ~ :

concentration in said portion below said opening is 50 to 67 atomic percent.
In a still further aspect of this invention there is provided a method of manu~acturin~ a bipolar transistor.
According to the method a silicon substrate of one conductivity type is employed to provide a collector. There is diffused into a planar surface thereof a base region of the opposite conductivity type. An emitter region of the first conductivity type is also diffused into a planar surface of said base region. A pure polycrystalline silicon layer is formed on said substrate having a thickness of 0.2~ . A silicon dioxide ; layer is then formed on said polycrystalline layer having a thickness of 0.4~. Oxy~en ions are implanted in the poly-crystalline layer through the silicon dioxide layer. The poly-crystalline layer is then annealed to convert it into a semi-insulating layer having 15 to 67 atomic percent oxygen. A
Si3N4 layer is thereafter deposited on said silicon dioxide layer with openings therein above said emitter region and above said base region. A nitrogen ion beam is im~lanted into said polycrystalline layer through said openings to cause the portions of said polycrystalline layer below said openings to have oxygen and nitrogen and the portions of said silicon dioxide layer below said openings to have nitrogen. The portion of said silicon dioxide layer below said openings is etched away. Emitter and base electrodes are finally formed by deposition in said openings.
: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figures 1 A and lB show a first embodiment of the present invention;

4b-Figure 2 shows the oxygen concentration of a polycrystal-line silicon layer, Figures 3A to 3C show a second embodiment of the present inventi on;
Figure 4 shows a third embodiment of the present inven-tion;
Figures 5A to 5C show a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 6 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention;
Figures 7A to 7C show a sixth embodiment of the present invention;
Figures 8A to 8F show a seventh embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 9 shows a modification of the fifth embodiment of . the invention; and Figures 10A and lOB show a modification of the sixth embodiment of the invention.

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~0717~Z

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of this invention applied to a diode. A P+ type region 1 is diffused in an N type silicon sub~
strate 2~ A pure polycrystalline silicon layer 3 of 0. 2/4( Ihickness and a SiO2 layer 4 of o 4~L~ thickness are deposited on the substrate 2 (Figure lA). Polycrystalline silicon is deposited by SiH4 and SiO2 is deposited by SiH4 and 2 Then an oxygen ion O+ beam 5 is implanted on the sub-strate 2 by an energy of 200 l~eV, which cause O+ ions to be injected into the polycrystalline silicon layer 3 through the SiO2 layer 4.
Gauss distribution of the O+ concentration is shown in Figure 2.
Annealing the substrate, O+ ions are activated and the polycrystalline silicon layer 3 is converted into a semi-insulating layer 6 having a resistivity of 107 to 1011 ohm-cm. The SiO2 layer 4 and the semi-insulating layer 6 is selectively opened by any well known etching technique, and a metal electrode is deposited (not shown).
As the thickness of the SiO2 layer 4 is selected as a mean projected range Rp of O+ ions (i.e., 0.4~), the oxygen concentration is maximum 67 atomic percent, which is that of SiO2 at an interface ;~
between the SiO2 layer 4 and the semi-insulating layer 6. It follows Gauss distribution in the semi-insulating layer 6, and it is about 15 atomic percent at an interface between the semi-insulating layer 6 and : the substrate 2. The above value is obtained when the O+ ion dosing is 3 x 1017 cm 2. Thus, varying the dosing from 3 to 7 x 1017 cm 2 the oxygen concentration at the bottom of the semi~insulating layer 6 is '~

varied from 15 to 35 atomic percent. This is achieved by controlling the ion source current density. Rp will be 0.7f~ if the O+ energy is 400 KeV. The thickness of the SiO2 layer is determined by the ene rgy.
As the semi-insulating layer 6 has more than 15 atomic percent oxygen, it serves for good passivation. Further, as the oxygen concentration is low (i. e., resistivity is low) at the bottom of the layer and is high (resistivity is high) at the top of the layer, it relaxes the electric field around the surface of the semiconductor substrate. The SiO2 layer 4 serves for insulation between elec-trodes and the substrate 2, and protects humidity and contaminating charges .
Figures 3A to 3C show a second embodiment of this invention applied to a bipolar transistor. A P type base region 11 and an N+ type emitter region 10 are diffused into an N type siiicon substrate 12. A pure polycrystalline silicon layer 13 and a SiO2 layer 14 are epitaxially deposited on the substrate 12. Openings 17 in the SiO2 layer 14 are made by etching above the surface ends of the PN junctions Je and Jc (Figure 3c).
Then the O+ ion beam 15 is implanted into the poly-crystalline silicon layer 13 through openings 17. The oxygen dosing of the polycrystalline silicon layer 13 ~t the bottom of the openings 17 is controlled so that the oxygen concentration is 15 to 35 atomic percent.
The thickness of the SiO~ layer 14 is selected to prevent substantial injection of O+ ions into the polycrystalline silicon layer 13.
Then annealing the substrate, these portions of the poly-crystalline silicon layer 13 are then converted into a semi-inslllating layer portions 16 (Figure 3B).
The SiO2 layer 14 is etched away and the polycrystalline silicon layer 13 is selectively etched by HF, HNO3 and CH3COOH, and emitter and base electrodes 18 and 19 are deposited (Figure 3C).
The semi-insulating layer 16 stabilizes the passivation, increases hFE and reduces the leakage current more than the pure polycrystalline`silicon does. The polycrystalline silicon layer 13 covers the collector region, but does not cover the collector-base junction. The semi-insulating layer 16 covers the collector-base junction, and also the emitter-base junction in Figure 3.
Figure 4 shows a third embodiment of this invention applied to a bipolar transistor. In this embodiment, the SiO2 layer 14 lies above a collector-base junction Jc The thickness of the SiO2 layer 14 and the energy of the O+ ion beam are the same as the first embodiment.
A semi-insulating layer 16a under the SiO2 layer 14 ... `?
has 15 to 35 atomic percent oxygen, and an exposed semi-insulating layer 16b has 50 to 67 atomic percent oxygen. This device has higher hFE than the second embodiment, because of a smaller leak-age current. The oxygen concentration can be selectively varied by selecting the pattern of the SiO2 layer.
Figures SA to 5C show a fourth embodiment of this invention applied to a bipolar transistor. This has a SiO2 layer 24 of 0.4~( thickness. The O~~ ion beam 5 of 200 to 400 KeV energy was implanted into the substrate 12 through the SiO2 layer 24 . . . . .

` 1071772 (Figure 5A). Windows 27 and 28 are formed through a silicon dio~ide layer 24 to expose the oxygen doped polycrystalline silicon layer 26 at the base of the windows. Annealing the substrate 12, the surface portion of the substrate is converted into a semi-insulating layer 26 having 0.~ thickness and 15 to 35 atomic percent oxygen.
Figure 6 shows a fifth embodiment of this invention applied to a bipolar transistor The thickness of an SiO2 layer 34 is 0.4~( on the base and collector regions, and that of the rest is thicker to prevent ions from penetrating therethrough.
Implanting the 0+ ion beam and annealing the device, semi-insulating layers 36a and 36b are selectively formed at the -surface of the substrate 12. The semi-insulating layers 36a and 36b are spaced from the collector-base junction Jc within a distance that a depletion layer reaches before a breakdown. This increases the breakdown voltage and reduces the leakage current.
Figures 7A to 7C show a sixth embodiment of this invention applied to a resistor. A SiO2 layer 40 is formed on an N type substrate 42 by thermal oxidation, and a pure polycrystalline . , .
silicon layer 43 and a SiO2 layer 44 are deposited on it.
;1 An opening 47 is made in the SiO2 layer 44, whose thickness is larger than Rp to prevent ions from penetrating ~herethrough (Figure 7A).
The 0+ ion beam 15 is implanted in that portion of the ., polycrystalline silicon layer 43 which lies below the opening 47.
..:
The oxygen concentration is, for example, 50 to 67 atomic percent.
,i After annealing, the exposed polycrystalline silicoll layer 43 is ~ conver~ed into a super high resistance layer 46 (Figure 7B).

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~07177Z

The SiO2 layer 44 is selectively etched away and aluminum is contact~diffused to form regions 48 and 49 and elec-trodes 50 and 51. (Figure 7C. ) It is easy to make contacts to the pure polycrystalline silicon layer 43 because of high diffusion co-efficient. The resistance value is controlled by the ion beam energy.
Figures 8A to 8F show a seventh embodiment of this invention applied to a bipolar transistor. A pure polycrystalline silicon layer 53 of 0. 2 ~ thickness and a SiO2 layer 54 of 0. 4 ~ ~ -thickness are deposited on an N type silicon substrate 12, The O+ ion beam is implanted into the polycrystalline silicon layer 53 through the SiO2 layer 54 (Figure 8A).
After annealing, the polycrystalline silicon layer 53 is converted into a semi-insulating layer 56 having 15 to 67 atomic percent oxygen (Figure 8B). At 67 atomic percent oxygen, the layer 53 has almost the same insulating properties as silicon dioxide.
.
` A Si3N4 layer 60 with openings 57 is deposited on the SiO2 layer 54. A N+ (nitrogen ion) beam is implanted into the .
polycrystalline silicon layer 56 through the openings 57 and the SiO2 layer 54. Layers 58 under the openings 57 have oxygen and nitrogen, and the SiO2 layer 54 under the openings 57 have nitrogen (Figure 8C).
The SiO2 layer 54 under the openings 57 is etched away by a masking of the Si3N4 layer 60 (Figure 8D).

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The Si3N4 layer 60 and the semi-insulating layer 58 under openings 59 are etched away to form openings 61 (Figure 8E).
The etching rate of the polycrystalline silicon is high when it has nitrogen. The semi-insulating layer 56 remains.
Emitter and base electrodes 18 and 19 are deposited (Figure 8F).

It is known that the double semi-insulating layer structure has a good water-protecting property.

There are some modifications of this invention. The oxygen or nitrogen concentration is varied according to the accelerat-ing energy of O+ ions or N~ ions or the SiO2 thickness. Ions can be introduced into the semiconductor substrate, as well as into the polycrystalline silicon. The conductivity can be converted. The oxygen or nitrogen concentration is laterally varied when a laterally movable rnask is moved in implanting. In Figures 3A to 3C, if there is a thin SiO2 layer in the opening 17 on the collector-:;~
base junction, there will be a semi-insulating layer with less oxygen under it.
, ~, - Figure 9 shows a modification of the fifth embodiment.
A SiO2 layer 64 has 0. 4 ~ thickness on the collector and the collector- base j unction Jc ~ and is thicker over the rest.
surface portion of the substrate is converted into a semi-insulating layer 66.
Figures 10A and 10B show a modification of the sia~th -ln-embodiment. An O+ ion beam is implanted into the polycrystalline silicon layer 43 without the SiO2 layer on it (Figure lOA). It is converted into a SiO2 upper layer 74 and a semi-insulating lower layer 76 (Figure lOB).
In Figures 8A to 8F, oxygen ions can be selectively implanted after nitrogen ions have been implanted into the semi-in-sulating layer.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and varia~ions may be effected without departing flom the spirit and scope of the novel concepts of the present invention.

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Claims (17)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device which includes implanting one of a group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen in a silicon layer, the implantation being continued until said layer has been converted into a semi-insulating layer having a resistivity of 107 to 1011 ohm-cm.
2. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device having a surface requiring passivation, which includes taking a single crystal semiconductor body, forming a poly-crystalline silicon layer on one surface of said body, forming an insulating layer on said polycrystalline silicon layer, subjecting the insulating layer to an oxygen ion beam by an energy sufficiently high as to cause O+ ions to be injected into the polycrystalline silicon layer, and annealing said body to convert said polycrystalline silicon layer into a semi-insulating layer having a resistivity of 107 to 1011 ohm-cm, the amount of oxygen in said converted polycrystalline silicon layer adjacent the silicon semiconductor body being 15 to 35 atomic percent.
3. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device as set forth in claim 2, in which said insulating layer is silicon dioxide, and in which said single crystal semiconductor body is silicon.
4. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device as set forth in claim 3, in which said polycrystalline silicon layer is given a thickness of 0.2µ, and said insulating layer is given a thickness of 0.4µ.
5. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device as set forth in Claim 3, in which portions of said silicon dioxide layer are removed to expose portions of said semi-insulating layer and wherein said exposed portions of said semi-insulating layer has between 50 to 67 atomic percent of oxygen.
6. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device as set forth in claim 2, in which the energy of said ion beam is between 200 KeV and 400 KeV.
7. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device as set forth in claim 2, in which the energy of said ion beam is 400 KeV, and in which the thickness of said insulating layer is approximately equal to the mean projected range of the O+ ions.
8. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device as set forth in claim 2, in which the amount of oxygen in said converted polycrystalline silicon layer is between 2 and 45 atomic percent.
9. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device as set forth in claim 2, in which the oxygen concentration is relatively low at the bottom of the polycrystalline silicon layer and is relatively high at the top of the polycrystalline silicon layer.
10. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device which includes taking a semiconductor substrate of one conductivity type, diffusing at least one region in said substrate of the opposite conductivity type with at least one PN junction rising to one major surface of said substrate, forming a polycrystalline silicon layer on said one major surface, which covers the surface end of at least one PN junction, covering at least the portion of said polycrystalline silicon layer which lies above said surface end of at least one PN junction with an insulating layer, subjecting the insulating layer to an oxygen ion beam with an energy sufficiently high as to cause oxygen ions to be injected into said polycrystalline silicon layer,and annealing said body to convert said polycrystalline silicon layer into a semi-insulating layer having a resistivity of 107 to 1011 ohm-cm, the amount of oxygen in said converted polycrystalline silicon layer being 15 to 35 atomic percent.
11. A method of manufacturing a junction type transistor having a substrate of one conductivity type forming a collector region, a base region of the opposite conductivity type formed in a planar surface of said collector region with said collector region surrounding said base region, an emitter region of said first conductivity type formed in the planar surface of said base region, there being a PN junction between said base and collector which rises to said planar surface and a PN junction between said emitter and said base which rises to said planar surface, forming a polycrystalline silicon layer on said planar surface of said substrate, forming an insulating layer on said polycrystalline silicon layer, subjecting said substrate to an oxygen ion beam Which has an energy sufficiently high to cause oxygen ions to be injected into said polycrystal-line silicon layer, and annealing said substrate to convert said polycrystalline silicon layer into a semi-insulating layer having a resistivity of 107 to 1011 ohm-cm, the amount of oxygen in said converted polycrystalline silicon layer being 15 to 35 atomic percent near the substrate-polycrystalline interface and approximately 67 atomic percent near the poly-crystalline-insulating layer interface.
12. A method of manufacturing a junction type transistor having a substrate of one conductivity type forming a collector region, a base region of the opposite conductivity type formed in a planar surface of said collector region with said collector region surrounding said base region, an emitter region of said first conductivity type formed in the planar surface of said base region, there being a PN junction between said base and collector which rises to said planar surface and a PN junction between said emitter and said base which rises to said planar surface, forming a polycrystalline silicon layer on said planar surface of said substrate, forming an insulating layer on said polycrystalline silicon layer, whose thickness is sufficiently great so as to prevent subsequent bombardment by an O+ ion beam from penetrating to said polycrystalline layer, etching openings in said insulating layer above the surface ends of said PN junctions, subjecting the said openings to an O+ ion beam to cause O+ ions to be injected into the portions of said polycrystalline layer below said openings, and annealing said substrate to convert said polycrystalline layer portions below said openings into semi-insulating layer portions having a resistivity of 107 to 1011 ohm-cm.
13. A method of manufacturing a junction type semiconductor device which includes a substrate of one conductivity type, diffusing a base region of the opposite conductivity type in an upper planar surface of said substrate, diffusing an emitter region of said first conductivity type in the upper planar surface of said base region, forming a polycrystalline layer on said planar surface of said substrate covering the surface ends of said PN junctions, forming an insulating layer on said polycrystalline layer, etching an opening through said insulating layer above said emitter region and above said emitter-base junction and subjecting the said insulating layer and its opening to an oxygen ion beam of sufficient intensity to cause the oxygen injection of the polycrystalline layer below said opening to be raised to 50 to 67 atomic percent and to raise the oxygen content of said polycrystalline layer below said insulating layer to 15 to 35 atomic percent.
14. A method of manufacturing a junction type semiconductor device which includes a substrate of one conductivity type, forming a collector region, diffusing a base region of the opposite conductivity type in an upper planar surface of said substrate, diffusing an emitter region of said first conductivity type in the upper planar surface of said base region, forming a polycrystalline layer on said planar surface of said substrate covering the surface ends of said PN junctions, forming an insulating layer on said polycrystalline layer, etching openings through said insulating layer above said emitter region and above said base region, but not above said emitter-base junction nor above said base collector junction, and subjecting the said insulating layer and its openings to an oxygen ion beam of sufficient intensity to cause the oxygen injection of the polycrystalline layer below said openings to be raised to 50 to 67 atomic percent and to raise the oxygen content of said polycrystalline layer below said insulating layer to 15 to 35 atomic percent.
15. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device which includes taking a semiconductor substrate of one conductivity type, forming a collector region, diffusing a base region of the opposite conductivity type in one planar surface of said substrate, diffusing an emitter region of said first conductivity type in the planar surface of said base region, covering said planar surface with an insulating layer having a greater thickness above the surface ends of the base-collector junction and the emitter-base junction, subjecting said insulating layer to an oxygen ion beam having sufficient energy to convert the portions of said substrate below the under surface of said insulating layer into a relatively thin polycrystalline layer, the thicker portion of said insulat-ing layer being of such thickness that the ion beam does not penetrate to the surface ends of said junctions, and annealing said substrate.
16. The method of manu-facturing a resistor which includes forming a silicon dioxide layer by thermal oxidation on a silicon substrate, forming a pure polycrystalline silicon layer by growth on said silicon dioxide layer, forming a second silicon dioxide layer by growth on said pure poly-crystalline silicon layer, etching an opening through said second silicon dioxide layer, implanting an oxygen ion beam in the portion of the polycrystalline silicon layer lying below said opening, the oxygen con-centration in said portion below said opening being 50 to 67 atomic percent, annealing the exposed polycrystalline silicon layer to convert said portion into a super high resistance layer, forming two additional openings through said second silicon dioxide layer on opposite sides of said first opening, and diffusing aluminum contacts through said second openings into contact with said polycrystalline layer.
17. A method of manufacturing a bipolar transistor which includes taking a silicon substrate of one conductivity type which provides a collector, diffusing into a planar surface thereof a base region of the opposite conductivity type, diffusing an emitter region of the first conductivity type into a planar surface of said base region, forming a pure polycrystalline silicon layer on said substrate having a thickness of 0.2µ, forming a silicon dioxide layer on said polycrystalline layer having a thickness of 0.4µ, implanting oxygen ions in the polycrystalline layer through the silicon dioxide layer, annealing the polycrystalline layer to convert it into a semi-insulating layer having 15 to 67 atomic percent oxygen, depositing a Si3N4 layer on said silicon dioxide layer with openings therein above said emitter re-gion and above said base region, implanting a nitrogen ion beam into said polycrystalline layer through said openings to cause the portions of said polycrystalline layer below said openings to have oxygen and nitrogen and the portions of said silicon dioxide layer below said openings to have nitrogen, etching away the portion of said silicon dioxide layer below said openings, and forming emitter and base electrodes by deposition in said openings.
CA250,473A 1975-04-21 1976-04-20 Method of manufacturing a semi-conductor device employing semi-conductor to semi-insulator conversion by ion implantation Expired CA1071772A (en)

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