CA1077623A - Remote postage meter charging system using an advanced microcomputerized postage meter - Google Patents

Abstract

A remote postage meter charging system using a third generation electronic postage meter. Like one of its predecessors, the present postage meter of this inventive system is built around a microcomputer set. This advanced computerized meter comprises a working memory which contains seed numbers for generating postage funding combinations. The remote postage meter charging system has the capability of adding variable amounts of postage into the postage meter.

Description

The invention relates to electronic postage meter systems, and more particularly to a remote postage m,eter setting system having a mi,_Lu~ u~ized postage meter of advanced design.
Ba~yLowld of the Invention and Related Applications m e remote charging system of this invention uses a third yr-lleLdLion stand alone postage m ter, which ~u~eL~edes the ~L,-~1PcP.~5~r meters generally shc~n in applicant's co~Pn~;ng application, Serial ~o.
236,196, filed S~L~I~L 23, 1975 and applicant's ~n~ n Patent No.
1,052,910, issued April 17, 1979.
The present mi~L~u~terized meter is an ~I~L~v~~ L of the previous micro~ ~uL~Lized meter (Serial No, 236,196). The new meter c~m~r;~s means for funding the meter by entering a combination U~uuyl the meter k.eyboard. m e ~ILe~d onmh;n~tion is compared with an ; in~rn~lly y~l~LaLed c~mh;nAtion.
m e remote postage charging system of this invention funds the posLa~ met~r with variable ~I~wlLs of postage rather than incremental amounts as shown .in prior funding ~y~L~L~ such as that s'hcwn in U,S, Patent No~ 3,792,446, issued February 12, 1974 to McFiggins et al.
Summary of the Invention me invention relates to a remotely funded c~ ule,;~
postage meter system.
m e re~ote funding p~sLay~ meter system of the invention feaLu~s a data ce~ter equipped with a P1UYL~IUIed digital ~ uLe~ and a voice answer-back unit, The data center proc~ P.s telephone calls from postage meter users, r~u~sting of t'hem i~ ~tion unique to their meter. This inform.ation is used to verify the authP~t;~;ty of the call, an~ to update the record of the user stored in the digital computer, m e user also informs the data center of the postage which is desired to be funded into the meter, this postage being a variable a~ount, The computer at the data center fon~ tes a combina-~b/~J~ - 2 -, . . ~ . : -.: ' -, ' , - ~, :
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tion based upon t~ identifying information and the variable amount of postage. This combination is then transmitted back to the user via the answer back unit. The user then enters the combination into the microcomputerized postage meter. The postage meter contains a routine in its program for comparing the entered combination with an internally generated cl ination based upon the desired postage requested for funding. If the entered combination matches the internally generated c~ inAtion, the funding registers of the meter are increased by the new postage amount. If there is no equality between the entered c~. ;nation and the internally generated combination the funding register of the meter will not be increased by the requested postage, and the user will be so info d.
The postage meter oP the system employs a central processing unit, a plurality of memory units, a multiplexed input and output, and postage setting means responsive to the controlled interactions between the CPU, memories, input and outputs, for setting predeter~1ned postage and printing the postage as desired. The meter is built up about a plurality of LSI components and employs LSI technology to provide a functional relatt~nRhip ~n~hling the electronic postage meter system to accomplish its predet~ 'ned functions.
In general configuration, a central processing unit for providing the data flow control and for providing calculation of postage in accordance with input supply thereto, is the essential element of this system. Coupled to the CPU is a pe -n~nt memory for storing a psotage data prograr.l and is a .~ . . .
~`` non-alterable storage mediu~. A temporary memory is also provided fox storing and forwarding working data in accordance with the ; .
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,; . , ~p~ration of t]lO C~ n-v~latile memory is intercoupled with the C~'U and provide~ a pe~manent or nondestructive storage location for postal f~nding data in accordance with the transfer routine previou~ly e~ta~lished and activated in accordance with a shut-down or start-up sequence of the system. The use of a nonvolatile memory is important in that data which is signi-ficant in the system, such as the contents of descending registers which keep track of the r~m~i n; n~ balance in the postage meter or ascending registers which keep track of the continuous accumulation of charges thereto, is permanently stored in the nonvolatile memory when the system is de-energized. As a corollary, when the system starts up, the data from the nonvolatile memory is transferred back into the temporary memory.
Further interaction with the CPU is provided by means of an appropriate input device such as a keyboard which provides the appropriate postal data to the CPU for the ca culation~ to be performed. An output or display which is multiplexed with the input also interfaces with the CPU for displaying data from the temporary storage in accordance with the ~o. -n~c. The ultimate output of the CPU is coupled to a postage setting --hAni! which sets the amount Oe postage to be printed into a postal printing unit for printing the postage as desired.
More specifically, the microcomputerized postage meter of thi9 invention is bUilt upon the MCS-4 microcomputer 8et;
a product of }ntel Corporation, Santa Clara, California. It will be understood that other ~nl~facturers and equi~alent ts may be employed and that Intel components are used ,~ . . . .
for purpose9 of example. The microcomputer set is of LSI
; design, and comprises a central processor unit (CPU-4004) which performs all control and data proc~csing functions, and~contains the control unit and arithmetic unit of a general purpo8e computer. The computer'zed meter comprises a ! . ~ . .
~ _ 4 _ - ~077623 ~lurality of ROM's (Re~d Only Memory Chips - 4001) and a plur~llity o~ M'~C; (Random ~ccess Memory Chips - 4002) which are interconnected to the CPU. The ROM's contain the ~osta~e system program. One four-bit input or output port is provided on each ROM package. One four-bit output port is provided on each RAM package.
The computerized meter also contains shift registers (In~el number 4003) for port expansion and multiplexing capability, and associated circuitry including clocks, power supplies and interfacing circuits to connect with the outside world.
The postage printing mechanism is one of several peripheral components including a keyboard for instructing the meter, and a display for visually monitoring the system's functions.
The postage printer of the meter is a ^'if;ed Model 5300 postage meter manufactured by Pitney-Bowes, Inc., Stamford, Connecticut. The mechanical accounting means (ascending and descPnA;n~ registers have been removed from the meter along with the actuator assemblies and setting levers. The r~- -ining printer is set by a pair of solenoids and a stepping motor.
The mechanical operati~,n o~ the printer is monitored by a plurality of photocells strategically placed within the printer housing.
When a particular function of the printer fails to be performed, a photocell monitoring that appropriate function will provide an error input to the system via an input port.
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~; The micro~ er meter also receives inputs from the keyboard and non-volatile memory through an input port.
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Output from the meter are generally handled via the shift registers and output ports.
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; ~ Peripheral devices may easily be added to the meter such as a large external display, a receipt printer, or a listing .
printer, etc.
~ 5_ , ' :,' .' ' ' ' . ~ ' . ' ~077623 *he remote m~t~r cllarging of the invention is made pos~ible by th~ mi~roc~m~uteriz~ ostage meter. This remote charging tcchllique is an improvcd departure over previous methods such as that shown in Patel~t No. 3,792,446, issued February 12, 1974.
In tlle previous syst~m, only a fixed amount of postage could be added to the meter. With the present invention, any (variable) amount of postage can be added to the postage meter within the register size. Thus, the new technique is more versatile.
~his method also features a greater degree of security, since not only is the coded information varying in accordance with randomly chosen constants, but it is additionally varying in accordance with the postage amount.
It is an object of the invention to provide improved capability fo~x remotely charging a postage meter;
It is another object of this invention to provide an improved computerized postage meter;
~ t is still another object of this invention to provide a computerized postage meter funding system having the capability of funding a computerized postage meter with variable amounts of postage.
These and other objects of the invention will be better understood and will become more apparent with reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the attached drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the remote postage meter funding system of this invention;
Figure La is a functional block diagram of a micxocomputerized postage meter of the present invention;
Figure lb is a perspective view of the housing for the computerized postage meter of Figure la;
Figure lc is an enlarged plan view of the keyboard and display shown in-Figure lb:

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~0776Z3 Fi~ur~ 1~ is a block diagram of the LSI components making up the l~ostaye meter of the invention;
Figure 2 is a ~lock diagram of the peripheral components for th~ computerized meter of Fiqure ld;
Figure 3 is a perspective view of the postage setting and printing apparatus for the computeri~ed postage meter of Pigur~ lb;
Figure 4a is a side view of the setting and printing apparatus of Figure 3 as taken along lines 4-4;
Figure 4b is an enlarged partially cutaway perspective view of the yoke, main gear, and splined sha~t of the setting mechanism of Figure 3;
Figure 5 is a front view of Figure 4a with a section cutaway to show the intermeshing relationships between various geared parts;
Figure 6 is a schematic view of the memory allocation shown for RAM(~)16 of Figure ld and its associated output port;
Figure 7 is a schematic view of the memory allocation depicted for RAM(1)17 of Figure ld and its associated output ports Figure 8 is a schematic view of the memory allocation illustrated for RAM(2)18 of Figure ld and its associated output port;
Figure 8a is a more detailed schematic view of a portion of the memory allocation shown in Figure 8s Figure 9 is a schematic view of the memory allocation shown for RAM(3)19 of Figure ld and its associated output port;
Figure 10 is a schematic view of the ROM input ports of Figure ld; ~.
Figure 11 is an electrical schematic for the non-volatil~
memory circuitry of Figure 2;

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~776Z3 Fi~ul~ 12a is all el~trical schematic of the monitoring CiLCUit for ~ lQ volt pc)wer supply for the system of ~igure ld;
Ficl~lre 12b i~ an electrical schc~atic of the monitoring circuit for t~e +5 volt power supply for the system of Figure ld;
Figure 13 is an electrical qchematic of the reset circuitry for the systcm of Figure ld;
Figu~e 14a is an electrical schematic for the -10 volt power supply for the system of Figure ld;
Figure l~b is an electrical schematic for the f 5 volt power suppl~ for th~ system of Figure ld;
Figure 14c is an electrical schematic for the -24 volt power supply for powering some of the peripheral components shown in Figure 2;
Figure 15 is an electrical schematic of the circuitry associated with the shift register (0)20 of Figure ld for multiplexing the keyboard and the display of Figures lb and lc;
Figure 16 is an electrical schematic o~ the keyboard and the display shown in Figures lb and lc;
Pigure 17 is an electrical schematic of the circuitry associated with shift registers (1)21 and (2)22 of Figure ld, for controlling the indicator lamps of Figure 16;
Figure 18 is an electrical schematic of the decimal point circuitry and the decoder driver circuitry for the display of Figures lb, lc and 16;
Figure 19 is an electrical schematic for the meter monitoring photocells, the stepper motor coil drivers, and the print sensing photocell of the setting and printing me~h~ni~ of Figure 3;
Figures 20 and 21 show a generalized overall operation for the meter of Figures ld and 2, in a flow chart form:

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~776Z3 Fi(3ure 21a shows a flow chart for the subroutine CIICK
for t~le me~cr of Figures ld and 2;
Figure 22 de~icts a flow chart for the subroutine INI~M
for tlle meter of Figures ld and 2;
Figure 23 illustrates a flow chart for the subroutine DOWN for the meter of Figures ld and 2;
Figure 24 shows a flow chart for the HOME subroutine for the meter of Figures ld and 2; `
Figure 25 shows a flow chart for the SCAN subroutine --for the meter of Figures ld and 2;
Figure 26 depicts the chart for the subroutine FCTN for the meter of Figures ld and 2;
Figure 27 illustrates the flow chart for the digits sub-routine for entering numbers into the display for the meter of Figures ld and 2;
Figure 28 shows the flow chart for the subroutine SET
for the meter of Figures ld and 2;
Figure 29 depicts the flow chart for the subroutine UNLCK
for the meter of Figures la and 2;
Figure 30 illustrates the flow chart for the subroutine POST for the meter of Figures ld and 2;
Figure 31 shows a flow chart showing the data center operation for the remote meter charging system of Figure l;
Figures 32 and 32a depict a flow chart for the recharging operation for the postage meter of Figures ld and 27 Figure 33 illustrates the flow chart for the subroutine PLUS for the meter of Figures ld and 2;
Figure 34 shows the flow chart for the subroutine CLEAR
for the meter of E`igures ld and 23 g _ , :.

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, ., '' , Bigure 35 d~l~icts a flow chart for a subrou~ine for calling re~ister contellts into the display for the meter of Figures ld and 2;
E~igure 36 illustrates a flow chart for the subroutine ENBLE
for the meter of Fiyures ld and 2;
Figure 37 illustrates a flow chart for the subroutine ERROR for the meter of Figures ld and 2;
Figure 38 shows a flow chart for the portion of the subroutin SCAN of Figure 25 referred to as SCANX for the meter of Figures ld and 2;
Figure 39 depicts a flow chart for the subroutine LDLMP
for the meter of Figures ld and 2;
Figure 40 illustrates a flow chart for the subroutine OUTPT for the meter of Figures ld and 2;
Figure 41 shows a flow chart for the subroutine FETCH
for the meter of Figures ld and 2;
: Figure 42 depicts a flow chart for the subroutine CMPAR
for the meter of Figures ld and 2;
Figure 43 illustrates a flow chart for the subroutine CHECK for th~ meter of Figures ld and 2;
Figure 44 shows a flow chart for the subroutine ADDD for the meter of Figures ld and 2;
Figure 45 depicts a flow chart for the subroutine ADDl;
ADD2 for the meter of Figures ld and 2;
Figure 46 illustrates a flow chart for the subroutine CLDSP;CLEER for the meter of Figures ld and 2;
Figure 47 shows a flow chart for the subroutine CLR for the meter of Figures ld and 2;
Figure 48 depicts a flow chart for the subroutine STPB
for the meter of Figures ld and 2;
Figure 49 illustrates a flow char' for the subroutine ZERO B for the meter of Figures ld and 2s :

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1C i7~6Z3 Fi.Jure 50 sl~ow~ ~ flow chart for the subrouti~ SETX
~or ~h~!~n~ter oL Yigures ld and 2; and Fi~ure 51 depicts a flow chart for the subroutine STEP
for the meter of Figures ld and 2.
Referring now to Figure 1, a schematic block diagram of the remote meter funding system of this invention is shown. A
plurality of blocks 1 represent remote postage meter stations capable of communicating with a data center represented hy block 5.
The remote postage meter stations co lnic e with data center 5 via telephone exchange equipment generally illustrated by block 4. The transmitter-receiver at each remote station 1 is a conventional tone signalling telephone 3. This telephone i9 used to establish two-way communication between the ~ostage meter station l and the data center 5.
The data center 5 includes a data set 6 of known construction such as a Bell System Model 403 data set. This data set will receive frequency encoded data input from a tele-phone 3 at any one of the remote stations 1, and transform this input into a suitable machine language for a programmed or special purpose digital computer 7~ This computer 7 may be, for example, a Data General "Nova". This computer, in turn, controls a voice answer-back unit 8 of known construction such as a Cognitronics Model 632. The answer-back unit will formulate voice responses for transmission back to the particular postage meter station 1, via the telephone exchange 4.
The telephone 3 at each remote meter station 1, is preferably of the touch-tone type, which provides frequency encoded numeric outputs to the data center. Alternately, a conventional dial phone may be equipped with a touch-tone pad, capable of generating frequency encoded digital data in the same manner a~ a touch-tone type telephone. Each remote ' ' '. ', , ' ' ' '~ " ~' .

16~776Z3 postage meter station 1 is equipped with an advanced microcomputerized postage meter 2 of the type shown in and further described with respect to Figures la-ld, and 2.
As will be described in further detail hereinafter, the postage meter 2 has a keyboa.rd 34, for entering postage data and information into the meter. Postage is remotely funded into the meter

2, by first tPl~ph~n;ng the data center 5 via the telephone 3, m e meter user provides the data center with the identifying number of the meter to be funded, the last readings of the ascending and descending registers of the meterr and the amount of postage which is desired to be entered into the meter system~ The computer 7 checks the authenticity of the call, and then formulates a combination which.is both a function of the meter identity, and the amount which is to be funded into the meter. The combination is transmitted back to the user via t,he answer-back unit 8, data set 6, t,he tel~pll~n~ exchange 4~ and telephone

3. Having received the combination~ the user of the postage meter then unlocks the meter 2, keys in the desired postage on keyboard 34~ and enters the c~mh;nAtion. The meter 2 contains a ~l~yr~u which processes the entered postage desired, and generates an internal combination~
The meter is recharged with postage if the cn~h;n~tion entered is in ayL~ L with the internally generated combination, Referring to Figure la~ the general functional arr~ng~mpnt of the c~"~uL~Lized postal meter 2 of the present inve,ntion is shcwn, The heart of the system is the CPU and it ~L~OLll~ two basic functions ~eLroLll~Jce of calculations based on input data and controlling the flow of data between various memory units. Three basic memory units are employed with the CPU.

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'. , : . , ~776Z3 m e first is the permanent memory PM which is a non-alterable memory storing a specific sequence of operations for performing postal data calculations in accordance with certain predetermined inputs as well as performing other routines for operating the system. The second memory unit is a L~,4~Ldry memory TM which interacts with the CPU for f~rm;ng a ~ll~rd y storage, holding and forwarding working data in accordance with the ~ tions being performed by the CPU, An additional memory c~rnn~nt NVM is also coupled to the CPU and performs a ~LuLdy~ function which is very si~nific~nt in the system operation of a postal data system. The NVM is a nonvolatile memory which acts to store certain critical information employed in the postal syst~m as part of a ~dele,"in~d routine activated either upon shut-down or start-up. This routine may be located in the r~ nL memory and is acc~ssPd by a~yL~L~iate sensing device sensing either of the two stated conditions, shut-down or start-up, for operating the CPU in a~vLdd[lce with that routine. The function of this routine is to take informatior stored in the L~Il~Ldry memory TM which represents crucial accounting functions such as ~sc~n~;ng b~ nc~ or asc~n~;ng credits and the like and store them in the NUM (nonvolatile memory) wherein they may be held while the m~h;n~ is de-energized and r~c~ d upon a subsequent start-up.
In this manner, the computer system may continually act upon these b~l~nc~.~ in the L~u~ dL~r memory without fear of loss of this information upon shut-down. Further, the information may be r~ on reactivation by start-up by retrieving it from the nonvolatile memory NVM and feeding it back into the TM via the CPU. me nonvolatile memory is shown as coupled to the CPU and deriving an output therefrom in accordance with the transfer of information from the t~ll~vLdry storage TM under the bm.

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control of the permanent memory PM through the CPU in accordance with the shut-down routine. The NVM unit is also shown as providing an output line coupled back into the CPU for transferring the data back into and t~uuyh the CPU and into the temporary memory TM in ac~Ld~l~e with the start-up routine under the control of the p~rm~nPnt memory PM.
The system operates in accordance with data applied from an appropriate input means I m is data is fed into the CPU under control of the ~LoyL~''in the p~rn~nPnt memory. At any time during the ~0 operation of the system, should the ~IL~llts of the temporary memory storing the d~L~iate credit, dehit, h~nr~, or other accun~lations in a~uLd~l~e with the various features of the system be desired to be displayed, an d~L~Liate nstruction provided by the input means I
- causes the CPU to access the desired location TM storing the illL~ll~Lion requested The information is provided through the CPU
into the output display unit 0. me input and output units may be mult;p]~x~d by a multiplex unit MP to and from the CPU.
Under control of the CPU when ~L~Liate postal data information is provided from the input I, and all of the conditions such as limits and the like which may be preset in accordance with the ~IL~led data in storage in the ~II~OL~ly memory TM, are sat;~f;~, a postage setting device SP will respond to an appropriate output signal from the CPU enabling a postal printing unit PP. At this point, the system has now accamplished its ;m~P~;ate function of setting the postage printer and enabling the printer to print postage The foregoing functional description oE the present meter and its ~mho~;mPnt in an LSI micro integrated form will be described in greater detail with reference to Figures ld and 2.

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Before going to this explanation, however, a generalized view of the specific features and operations of the pos-tal me-ter operating in accordance with the present invention will be described.
Referring to Figures Lb and lc, there is shown a general housing arrangement for the micro~ uL~L postage system.
Figure lb shows a general housing arrangement for the micro ~ ~uL~L postage meter. A housing 100 contains mcdular plug-in circuit panels 101 containing the circuitry and the CPU R~M'sr R~M's and - shift registers of the meter. me keyb~ard 34 and display 35 are mounted on the common top panel 102 of the housing 100. The setting and printing mp~.h~n;~m (Figure 3) is contained in a forward section ~n~rAlly shown by arrow 103. An envelope 104 which is to be printed with postage is introduced in the slotted portion 105 of meter section 103 after the meter is init;ali~ The amount of postage to be printed is then keyed into the keyboard 34 via push buttons 107, the set button 119 is pushed to set the postage into the drum, and the print button 108 is depressed. m e print button 108 may be replaced by a limit switch or optical sensor located in slot 105, which would clUIl~ ~I;c'Ally provide a print signal when an envelope enters slot 105.
Figure lc is an enlarged view of panel 102 of Figure lb which contains the k~-yLoald 34 and dispk~y 35 of the postage meter, The keyboard 34 ccmprises push buttons 107, as aLoL~,~nLioned to enter the numerical amount of postage into the system. Push buttons 109, 110, 111~ 112, 113 and 114 refer to the electronic registers for batch count, batch amount, piece COUIIt, control sum, ascending register, and ~rPn~;ng register, respectively.

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' 1(1 776Z3 When any one of these buttons are depressed, the numerical sec-tion 115 of the display 35 is cleared, the appropriate register is loaded into the display, and the appropriate indicator lamp section 116 of the display is lighted.
The keyboard and display of this invention provides two new registers (more can be added without too much difficulty). Batch count and batch amount registers supply a running account of the total number of pieces of mail processed during any one run or time period, and the total postage expended for this mail. They can be reset to zero by the user. The control sum register is extremely use-ful in that it provides a chec3~ upon the descending and Asr~n~;ng registers. The control sum is a running account of the to-tal funds being added into the meter. The control sum must always correspond - with the summed readings of the A~c~n~;ng and des~n~;ng registers.
The control sum is the total amount of postage ever put into the mArh;n~ and is alterable only when adding funds to the meter.
Generally m~rhAn;rAl meters are not resettable b~ the user, but only by Postal authorities. However, with electronic postage systems, a remote resetting cA~Ah;1;ty is f~A~;hl~ and has been programmed into the meter. m is remote resetting scheme which is ~LuyL~~ ed into this system is s;milAr to that shown in Patent No. 3,792,446 filed February 12, 1974, e~cept that a variable amount of postage is settable into the system.
me piece count register differs from the batch count in that it is not resettable by the user, and is used to indicate the total number of postage printings (pieces of mail) the machine has ~xrPr;~n~
This ;nform~tion is useful to ascertain the life of the m~chin~, and to gage when the system may require servicing and maintenance. -bm.

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-1~77623 me ascending and descending registers operate in normal fashion as might be expected from a standard postage mRter. The ascending register giving a running total oE the printed postage, and the ~c~n~ing register informing the operator of the amount of postage funds still r~m~;n;ng in the postage system.
ThR - key (push button 117) provides the function of addition for adding in special charges to the postage such as s~P~;~l delivery, certification, etc.
m e clear key 118 clears the numeric disply 115, and also sets the batch registers to zero if either one is displayed at the time the clear key is actuated The set button 119 is depressed after the postage rcquired to mail a letter is keyed in by buttons 107. m e set button 119 causes the p~-int wheels in the printing drum 42 of Figure 3 to set to the desired postage.
m e $ unlock key 120 is a precautionary button which must be depressed by the ~eLdLor in order to set postage equal to, or in excess of, a dollar. This extra physical step acts to ~L~v~nL costly pos~ay~ printing mlstakes.
The need to add funds to the meter system is sign~lled by indicator lamp 126 Funds are added remotely to the meter by obtaining an d~L~-iate funding c~mh;n~tion via a data link as will be discussed in more detail hereinafter. After the c~mh;~tion is obtained, a key is inserted in the keyway of lock switch 121, The switch is now free to be turned to a first p~sition, and the indicator light 122 is lit.
Light 122 instruc-ts the operator to key in the funding amount into the keyboard 34 via push buttons 107. After the funding amount is entered, bm.

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~(~776Z3 the switch 121 is turned to a second position, Indicator lamp 123 now comes on to inform the operator to enter the d~lu~Liate combination corresponding to the chosen ~ostage amount, in accordance with the ohtained combination. The combination is then entered into the meter using push ~huttons 107. The switch 121 is now turned to a third position, The turning of the switch to ~his third position will evoke one of two responses from the system, If the c~m.h;n~tion is a valid one~ then indicator lamp 124 will light to inform the U~eLdLO~ that the entered c.~mh;n~tion is a correct one~ and the key should be L~l~v~d from the lock switch 121~ If on the other hand, however~
the entered c~mh;n~tion was incorrect, indicator lamp 125 will be lit to inform the u~eLclLur of this fact~ and to instruct him to repeat the funding procedure~
A check da`e reminder is provided by indicator 127r each time the postage meter system is turned on, A meter enabled indicator 128 lights when (a) the printing drum 42 (Figure 3) is properly set with postage; (b) the postage to be imprinted is displayed; and (c) sufficient funds are av~ hl~ to imprint the ~osLdy~ desired, . Indicator lamp 129 sir al-s the ~e~LOL to call the Pitney Bowes Service D~wlL~ L. This indicator lights when there is something wrong in the system~ e,g~, the sum of the ascending and descending registers do not check with the control sum, Indicator lamp 13Q signals the operator that the postage to ~he set ls over or equal to $1.00!~and in order for the postage to be set, the $ unlock button 120 must be pressed prior to the set button 119.

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.. . . ., lc~776z3 The indicator light 131 shows that the ascending register cJl.L~Ls are being displayed in display section 115.
The indicator lamp 13~ lights when the c~nLenLs of the ~Ccpn~;ng register are being displayed in display section 115.
The piece count indicator lamp 133 lights when the piece count is keing displayed in display section 115.
The batch amount 134 and the batch count 135 indicators light when the batch registers are being displayed. The batch registers are newly added registers to the normal ~osLaye meter.
The data sh~.~n in the display 115 for the batch count of a whole number (no ~P~ l point) since the ;~f~rmution is not dollars and cents data. m e piece count information is ~im;l~rly displayed without the decimal point. me control sum indicator 136 lights when the control sum register is keing dispyyed in display section 115.
The low postage $100.00 indicator 137 lights to tell the u~LaLo~ that the r~mu;n;ng funds in the ~c~n~;ng register are ~uLr~lUy below a h~ldLed dollars. This alerts the operator that s~ome time soon, he will be required to recharge the "meter".
In several places L~vuyllOuL this description, ~ n~ Ls have keen written with a dual n~ n~tion, such as R~M(2) 18.
me numker in ~due~lUlesis ~ ;gn~tes the order in the comPonent series, i.e., using the above ex~nple, RAM18 is the second RAM in $he series of ~S.
Now referring to Figures ld and 2, a block diagram of the LSI
inLeyLdLed fonm of the micro ~ uLeLized postage meter of this invention is sha~n. me system comprises a MCS-4 micro computer set, which is a product of Intel C~-~v-dLion, Santa Clara, California.

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~77623 me micro computerized set comprises a central processor unit (CPU), 10 which is connected to a number of read only memory (ROM~ e~m~nn~nts 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15r respectively, and a number of random access memory (RAM) components 16, 17, 18 and 19, respectively. A plurality of shift registers (S/R's) 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 are respectively connected into the system U~uyll output ports 25 and 27 located on the RAM chips 16 and 18, respectively. The output ports on the RAMs have four output lines [8 4 2 1] as shown me R~s 11, 12 13, 14 and 15 have input-output ports (I/O's) 29, 30, 31, 32 and 33 respectively, of four-bit capacity [8 4 2 1] as shown It should be noted that although the input/output ports are physically located on these chips, they electrically ~nm~m;~ate separately with the CPU 10.
The shift registers 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 respectively, provide port expansion for the postage meter system. In addition, shift register 20 provides a multiplexing c~p~h;l;ty for operating a keyboard 34, and a numeric display 115. Shift register 23 multi~ s the inputs of the meter setting feed-back photocells 36 to input port 32. A shift register 37 (4 x 128 COS~MOS S/R~ with a hold-up baLL~L~ provides ~ L register inruL~ ion to the working memory which is allocated to R~M 16. m e input port 31 receives the register Lnformation from the non-volatile memory 37 and ~h~nn~l.s this inf~rm~ n to RAM 16 via the CPU 10. Each 4-bit memory word is clocked in sequence from the non-volatile shift register 37 to the working memory in RAM 16 via the CPU, until the shift register memory 37 has been completely shifted.
me n~r;c display 115 (Figure 2) is controlled by the decoder/driver 46, which is connected into the system via output port - 26. Output line 8 (output port 25) on RAM chip 16 provides a bm.

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:: - - . ' ,...... ., ' ' ' -~(~77~;Z3 blank-un~laQk control over the decoder/driver 46 ~o eliminate 1PA~ing zeros in th~ display 115, and to provide a blanking control signal for the particuLar display of this system (Burroughs Panaplex).
me inputs from the keyboard 34 are fed to the syst~m via port 29. As ~fuL~-~,Lioned, the inputs from ~lloLoc~lls 36 æe directed to port 32. ~he photocells 36 provide feed-back in~rm~t;~n from the po, age meter settin mechanism shown in Figure 3.
Ihe micro computer system 40 of this invention is p~,~ered from two (+5 and -10 volt) ~ .-er supplies 38 as shcwn in ~igure 2. A
1~ p~7er sensing circuit 39 is interconnected into the micro comwuter system in such fA.~h;~n, so as to allow the microprocessor systen to de~ect a p~.~er failure. In such a case, the miuLu~Luc~ssor calls a routine t~ich transfers working memory to non-volatile memory, and yLu~e~LS it by disabling the ~ory via bit 8, port 27, A clock 41 serves to correctly phase .he operations of the micro computer system 40. Tw~ non-overlA~r;ng clock phases ~1 and ~2 are sup31ied to the central processor unit and random access and read only memory chips.
T~e central pro~Pssor generates a SYNC signal every eight clock periods as shcwn in the Intel Users Manual for the MCS-~R micro eu~u~e~ set, coPyright 1972, Figure 2 on page 6 thereof. The SYNC
signal marks the ~;nn;n~ of each instruction cycle. The R~ 's and the R~M's will generate internal timing using SYNC, and ~1 and ~2~
1'he shift registers (S/R'9) are static shift registers and do not use these clock pulses for their o?eration, The heart of any postage meter is of course the printing means. ~ith the use of electronics, ~e~.hAnicAl accounting registers and setting actuators become superfluous, kan .

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1~776;~3 since all the register information is electronically stored, and the setting of the meter banks is elecLlu,,e~llanically controlled.
One of the ways the present m-icro compu-ter meter can print postage is by using a m~dified Model 5300 postage meter, m~mlf~rtured by the ~sign~ of this invention, Pitney-Bowes, In~uL~oLaLed, Stamford, Connecticut. me m~dified metex only - contains the previous printing drum 42 and the print wheel driving racks 43 as shown in Figure 3; the mPrh~n;c~l registers and a~LudLuL
~ mhl;e~ having been removed. The print wheels within drum 42 (not shown) of the mn~;fi~d meter are set by a m~rh~ni~m driven by a SL~ L motor 50 and a pair of sol~nni~ 60 and 70 (Figures 2 and 3~. The motor and ~o]~nni~ are powered by a -24 volt power supply 44 shown in block diagram in Figuxe 2. The indicator lamps 116 light up various display m~ ge~ shown in FIG. lb. I'hese indicator lamps are likewise powered by the power aupply 44.
Output port 28 chAnn~l~ control ~i~n~l~ to the drivers 47 of ~L~eL motor 50. The output lines 0, 1 of the shift register 24 rh~nn~l control si~n~l~ to the setting mPrh~n;~m sol~nni~ 60 and 70, respectively via drivers 48. The twenty output lines of shift registers 21 and 22 u~La~e indicator lamps 116 via lamp drivers 49.
The meter setting and printing m~rh~ni~m of this postage meter will be ~srrihed with l~L~L~Ice to Figures 3, 4a, 4b and 5.
A S~ L motor 50 drives an upper and lower set of postage wheel driving racks 43 (four in all) via a pair of upper and lower nested shafts (four shafts in all) 52a, 52b, 52c and 52d respectively (Figure 4a). Upper shafts 52a, 52b and lower shafts 52c~ 52d are driven by a master drive gear 51, which is operatively rotatable in a clockwise and counterclockwise direction (arrows 55) by means of a stepFer motor 50.

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~77623 The printing drum 42 has four print wheels (not shown) to provide a postage impression -to the m~x;~ ~ sum of $99.99. Each print wheel provides a separate digit of this sum, and is settable from "0"
through ~9~. r~he print wheels are sequentially set by means of one of the four driving racks 43a, 43b, 43c and 43d, respectively. me driving racks are ~ hly movable (arrows 56 of Figure 3) within the drum shaft 57.
rme upper racks 43a and 43b are controlled by pinion gears 58a and 58b, respectively, and the lower racks 43c and 43d are controlled by pinion gears 58c and 58d, respectively (Figure 4a).
rme pinion gear 58a is ~ffi~ to shaft 52a; the pinion ge æ 58b is ~ff;~ to shaft 52b; the pinion gear 58c is ~ff;~d to shaft 52c;
and pinion gear 58d is ~ff;~ to shaft 52d. Nested shafts 52a, 52b and 52c, 52d, are respectively rotated (arrows 59) by means of respective spur gears 53a, 53b (Figures 3, 4a, and 5) and respective spur gears 53c, 53d (Figure 4a and 5) affixed to the shafts at the stepper motor end thereof.
m e master driving gear 51 engages each of the gears 53a, 53b, 53c, and 53d in the sequential order: 53b, 53a, 53d, 53c; with "53b" corr~pnn~;n~ to the "tens of doll æ s" print wheel, and "53c"
corrP~pnn~;ng to the "unit cents" print wheel. m e master gear 51 is ~u~Lially sl;~hly positioned (arrows 65) in rotational contact opposite each of the spur gears 53a-53d by sliding the yoke 63 over shaft 62. m e master ge æ 51 is rotatably mounted witl~n slot 64 in yoke 63, and is rotatably driven (æ rows 55) by the stepper motor 50 via the motor shaft 50a and s~l;nP~ shaft 62. m e yoke 63 is not rotatably engaged by the splined shaft 62 due to the sleeve bushing 66 which ~paldLes the yoke 63 fr~m the shaft 62. m e yoke 63 and master gear 51 are guided and supported by an additional smooth shaft 61, which nests within slot 67 or yoke 63.

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iO776Z3 In order that the teeth of the master gear 51 properly align with the teeth of the several spur gears 53a, 53b, 53c and 53d, a toothed section 69 of each spur gear is locked into place by a pair of upper and lower tooth profiles 68 and 68', respectively located on upper and lcwer surfaces of the yoke 63 as shown in Figure 4b and 5 As the yoke 63 and the gear 51 slide (arrow 65) over the splined shaft 62, the upper and lower laterally ~xt~n~;ng tooth projections 68 and 68' hold the spur gears 53a, 53b, 53c and 53d in place against rotational misalignment Each of the gears 53a, 53b, 53c and 53d, respectively are only free to turn, w~len the master gear 51 is directly intermP~h~ therewith.
The sliding lwv~l~lL (arrows 65) of the gear 51 and yoke 63 is controlled by toggle pin 71, which nests within groove 72 of the yoke.
The toggle pin 71 pushes against the yoke 63! when the pivot~ble link 73 to which it is attached, is made to pivot (arrows 743 about a center shaft 75. The link 73 is controlled by two solenoids 60 and 70, respectively acting through pivot arms 76, 86 and 77, 87 respectively.
The Sol~nn;~ 60 and 70 pull upon their respectibe pivot arms 76 and 77 via pull rods 78 and 79, which are m~vably pinned to these arms by pins 81 and 82, respectively, When the pull rod 79 pulls upon arm 77, it is caused to pivot (arrows 80) about shaft 83, which is rotatably ~ff;x~
to arm 77. When this occurs, arm 87 is caused to be pivoted (arrow 84) against the h;~.c;ng action of spring 88 This in turn, results in .
pulling pivot arm 73 forward (ærow 89) via shaft 90, m is causes the pivot arm 73 to pivot about center shaft 75, resulting in moving toggle pin rearwardly (arrow 91), Likewise, when s~len~id 60 pulls upon arm 76 via rod 78, arm 76 causes shaft 92 to turn (arrow 93) against the biasing of spring 94. This is turn, causes arm 86 to pivot (arrow 95) about shaft 92, klm. J ~ ~

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~(37'76Z3 In pivoting, the arm 86 causes the center shaft 95 to move rearwardly (arrow 96). mis in turn, forces the toggle pin 71 to move rearwardly (arrow 91).
mere are four cnmh;nP~ solenoid pull positions corresponding to the four separate mating positions between main gear 51 and each respective spur gear 53a, 53b, 53c and 53d; (a) both solenoids are not pulled-position 53c; (b) both solPnn;~ are pulled-position 53b; (c) solenoid 70 is pulled and solenoid 60 is not pulled-position 53d; and (d) solenoid 70 is not pulled and snl~.nn;~ 60 is pulled-position 53a.
me setting mPrhAni~m operation is as follows: (1) both solPnn;~ 60 and 70 are pulled; (2) setting spur gear 53b via main gear 51 and stepper motor 50; (3) de-energizing solenoid 70 allowing pivot arm 87 to spring back under the action of spring 88; (4) setting spur gear 53a via main gear 51; (5) energizing solenoid 70 and de-energizing ~lPnn;~ 60, allowing pivot arm 76 to spring hack under the action of spring 94, and pivot arm 87 to pivot against spring 88;- (6) setting spur gear 53d via main gear 51; (7) de-energizing solenoid 70 allowing pivot arm 87 to spring back under the h;A~;ng of spring 88; and (8) setting spur gear 53c via main gear 51.
After the spur gears are set to individual postage value positions, ç~ ;ng the racks 43 and the print wheels (not shown) to assume postage value positions, the drum 42 is rotated via shaft 57 (arrow 97) to imprint the set postage.
The home position of the drum 42 is monitored by a slotted disc 98 ~ffi~Pd to shaft 57. When slot 100 of disc 98 moves through the optical read-out well 99, the prin-t cycle is detected.
All optical read-out wells of the setting m~ch~n;~ as will be hereinafter described, comprise a light emitting diode (LED) and a bm .
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1~776Z3 phototransistor for receiving the light emitted by the T.T~n.
The slide positions of gear 51 and yoke 63 (arrows 65) are monitored by det~rmin;ng the pivot position of pivot ar-ms 86 and 77, respectively. Pivot arm 86 has a finger 101 which will pivot in and out of well 102, when solenoid 60 is a~L~ated and de-actuated. Pivot arm 77 has a finger 103 which pivots in and out of well 104 when solenoid 70 is actuated and de-actuated.
The home positions of shafts 52a and 52b are m~nitored by slotted discs 105a and 105b, respectively (Figures 3 and 4a). When slot 106a of disc 105a is in well 107a, shaft 52a is at zero. ~;m;l~rly~ when slot lQ6b of disc 105b is in well 107b, shaft 52b is at zero. Shafts 52c and 52d are respectively "zero" monitored via respective discs 105c and 105d, slots 106c and 106d, and wells 107c and 107d (Figure 4a).
Rotation of the stepper motor shaft 50a, splined shaft 62 and gear 51 is monitored via gears 108 and 108a, slotted monitoring wheel 109 and monitoring well 110. When stepper motor shaft 50a turns splined shaft 62 and main gear 51, a gear 108 attached to shaft 50a is also made to turn. Gear 108 int~rmP~h~ with gear 108a c~rr;e~ by the slotted monitoring wheel 109, c~us;ng wheel 109 to turn in COLL~L~J~
with shaft 50a. Every fifth slot 111 on the monitoring wheel 109 is extra long to provide a standard for synchronization. Each slot on wheel 109 corr~c~nn~ to a change of one unit of postage value. The slotted wheel 109 is optically monitored by well 110. Well 110 has twc ~olos~"~ors, llOa and llOb, respectively, as sh~n in Figure 4a.
Pl~olos~n~ llOa monitors every step of the stepper wheel 109 and sensor llOb monitors every fifth step.
In summary, the setting of the postage printer is done by selecting the desired bank with the sol~n~ and driving the stepper .

' - : , motor in the propor sequence under ~rcy~ control. The results of each step is verified by the micro computer via the monitoring photoson~ors, * * *
Brief Summary of the Operation of the Postage Meter The operation of the postage meter can be briefly summarized as foll~s: With no pcwer applied to the microprocessor, a de-energized "enable" sol~n~;~ (not shown) morh~n;cally locks up the printing morhAn;~m of Figures 3-5. When pcwer is A~l;Pd to the system (turning on the meter), voltage sensing circuits monitoring logic supply voltage (Figures 12a and 12b) generate a general system reset pulse, when the logic supplies reach operating levels. m is puise ini~;Al;~o~ the microprocessor system, which then starts executing the uyr~l shown on page 87 from address ~ The non-volatile memory 37 of Figure 2, is loaded into working storage in R~M, the printing morh~n;.~m iS set to zero, the ~o~c~on~;ng register is loaded into the m~nor;c display 115 of Figures lb and lc to inform the operator how much funas are av~ h~P, and a "check date" reminder 127 is turned on.
The system then loops in a SCAN routine (Figures 25 and 38) which mult;~l~o~o~ the display and searches for keyboard 34 inputs. m e meter r~omu;nc in this routine until a key~cd~d input is detected at which time the ~LUyL~.. ~L~hes to execute the routine called for by the key. The ~L~yL~II then returns to the SCAN routine.
The postage amount to be printed is set by entering the number into the display via keyboard 34 and operating the SET button 119 (amounts $1.00 or more require the pressing of the $ UNLOCK button 120 before pressing SET). If sufficient funds are available in the descPn~;ng register to print the amount of postage the meter is set to, the "enahle"
solPnn;~ is set (P~hle~ printing mechanism). ~here are two wa~s of tripping the print mechanlsm: 13 feeding a letter into the meter ~' - :
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10~76Z3 2) operating the postage request lever 108. When tripped, the amount of postage shcwn in the display is printed. The operation of the print mPrh~n;~m generates a signal to the SCAN routine which branches to a routine which updates the meter registers and checks to see if sllff;c;Pnt postage is available for again printing the postage amount the meter is set to If available, the print mP~h~ni~m remains enabled, if not, it is ~ hlP~.
If in the course of running postage Lhr~uyll the meter, the sequence is interrupted, as by r~lling register ~I.Ler,Ls into the display, the printing mPrh~ni~m is disabled until a postage amount is again put back into the display. This can be done by depressing the SET button 119, which recalls the postage amount the meter is set to into the display, when operated after a non-numeric (not 0-9) key or by entering a new number and depressing the SET button which sets the meter printing mP~h~ni~m to the new number.
Provision is made for entering funds into the meter (incrementing ~c~n~;ng register and control sum) by means of lock-switch i21 located on keyboard 34. Funding the meter is accomplished by obtaining a funding qnmh;n~tion from a cen~r~ data center, Next, a key is inserted into the keyway of the lock-switch to free the switch, The switch is turned to a first operative position to enter the amount of ~osLaye desired Having ~ el~d the funds desired with the keyboard 34 the meter uyr~,,r~ tes a c~mh;n~tion based upon the entered amount.
Switch 121 is turned to a second position and the c~mh;n~tion received from the data center is entered into the keyboard The program now ~Vll~kU~S the internally generated combination with the entered . . .
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cnmh;n~tion. If they match, the meter will be recharged when the switch is turned to a third position Within the SCAN rou-tine, periodic checks of the logic power supplies are made to determine when to shut down the meter. ~hen the voltage sensors (see Figures 12a and 12b) detect the voltage f,~ll;ng below a preset level, there is a certain m;n;m~l amount of time av~ hle (even with a~mPlete external power removed) in which to complete any routine in progress, sense the low voltage condition, ~;shlP the printing mP~h~n;cm~ and Ll~lsfeL register ~ullL~IlLs from working memory to the nonvolatile memory. This sequence is entered in shut-down and low line voltage situations where there isn't suff;~;Pnt voltage to y~al~lLee proper operation. m e main ~lUy~
can only be re-~lLer~d through a complete p~wer-up cycle described previously.
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Each RAM chip of this particular system (MCS-4) also provides an output port (for example, port 25 of Figure 6) for providing the system with c~m~m;r~;nn c~p~h;l;ty with peripheral devices. As arul~l~lLioned, these ports have four [8 4 2 1] output lines.
The RAM chip 16 shown in Figure 6 allocates the first 6 locations (0 ~uuyh 5) in the first bank (200) for the descending register 815. me six locations will provide for a m~;mllm dollar allocation of $9,999.99 (six digits). In other w~rds the postage meter system can be funded to a m~ n of $9,999.99.
me allocation for the piece ~vwlL~r 817 (201) provides 7 locations, which on a piece count basis will provide a total of 9,999,999 pieces. The capacity of the piece counter m-ust nP~Ps~s~rily be large, since it is the total running account of each and every piece of mail that is processed over the life of the m~rh;nP.

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~76Z3 Similarly, the con-trol sum register 818 (2a2, locations 0 through 9) and the ascending register 816 (200, locations 6 through F) provide a very large capacity (a dollar total of $99,999,999,99) because these sums are continuously increasing for the life of the system.
Batch Su~ 819 (201, location A UILVUY11 F) and Batch Counter 820 ~202, location A through F) have capacities equal to the capacity unding oE the descending register, since in any batch run one can never spend more in a pre-funded system than the available funds stored, The locations 0 through 3 and C through F of bank 203 are reserved for registers which are used to control the setting of the printer mPrh~n;~m from a previous meter setting ("number meter set to"
(.SEl`NG) register 211) to a new meter setting ("me-ter setting"
register (~SR) 307).
These registers only require four word lines, since the printing m~rh~n;.~m of this invention as shown in Figures 3 ~IL~yl~ 5 has a mux;~ ~ setting of $99.99 Naturally, if the printer had only a three bank setting ($9.99), only three word spaces would ~e needed in these particular registers.
Status flag 821 is used in the ~L~ ng to monitor ~ L
motor 50 (FIG 3)~ Status flags 822, 823, and 824r resPectively are used in the ~LcyL~.~Iung to monitor the setting of the printer banks (FIG. 3).
Figure 7 shows the memory allocation provided by R~M chip 17. The first bank of RAM chip 17 (locations 0 through F) contain the seed number for generating an internal funding combination for the RMRS
~I~YL~II. This seed number is rh~nge~ for each funding oPeration. This number is one of a series of nu~bers varying in a pseudo-random manner such that the generated ccmbinations are continuously changing. This aspect bm.

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-77~Z3 of the RMRS program will be explained in more detail with reference to Figure 32. ~an~ (204~ contains storage for an addition regist~r 210 in locations 7 through F. The addition register is for the purpose of temporary storage and for adding to the regular postage to be printed, an increment of additional or special charges, i.e., insurance, certification, special delivery, etc. For example, suppose it was desired to add 50 cents additional postage to the regular postage amount of 10 cents. First, the numbers one and zero (ten cents) would be entered into the numeric display 115 by means of keys 107 of the keyboard. Next~ the +
~utton 117 is depressed, which transfers the 10 cents from the display to the additions register 210. A five and a zero (50 cents) are then keyed in, and appear in the display. The bu::ton 117 is again depressed to add the 50 cents to the additions register 210, and the display providing a total of 60 cents stored in the additions register. The set button 119 is then depressed to set the meter to sixty cents.
Figure 8 depicts the memory allocation in RAM chip 18.
Bank 205 (location B through F) contains the lamp output area 206 shown in more detail in Figure 8a. Bank (207) ha~ location~ ?
throug~ F allocated for the images of the display contents 208.
The numeric words from this storage space appear in display section 115 (Figure 5a). Lamp output register 206 (spaces 3 through F) in ba~k (205) applies to the display sectio~ 116.
Storage space 212 (space 6 of bank 207) is allocated for pl~ce~ont of a new digit word prior to its being entered into display contents 208. The purpose of this storage space is that it serves to provide a means to clear display contents 208, if the previous operation was not one which allowed for entering a number into display contents 208. In other words, the new digit space is an intermediary storage faGility for ~toring a new display .. .' ' :

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1~76~3 digit, u~til it is determined where in the sequence of events i~
the informatioll being entered to the display.
The word spaces in banks (205) and (207) of Figure 8, corre-sponding to "batch flag" 305 (bank 205, status location 0); "status flag" 311 (bank 207, status location 0); and "S unlock flag"
309 (bank 207, status location 2) are used in the programming to indicate a particular operation condition. These indicator~
will be further discussed hereinafter.
RAM chip 19 is illustrated in Figure 9. The first bank (214) of RAM (3)19 is used for storing the working area for seed number "Q". The stored constants "R" and "S" (banks 2 and 3) are used together with the seed number "Q" to obtain an internal meter combination for the RMRS program tsee Figure 32).
The fourth bank at this RA~ is used as a working area for calculating this combination.
Status flags 829, 830 and 831, respectively, are used in the RMRS program to indicate the operative stages in the ~I~S funding operation ~see Figure 32). The status words 215 and 215, respectively, of bank 214 are used in the operational control of the setting and printing mechanism of Figure 3.
Figure 10 shows the various input ports of the ROM's.
Figure 11 is an electrical schematic diagram of the non-volatile memory ,circuitry 37 shown in block diagram in Figure 2.
The non-volatile memory consists of two dual 128 bit static shi~t register 140 and 141, respectively, as shown. These shift registers are of the complementary MOS (CMOS) type. CMOS was chosen because of its very low power consumption in the qUiesc~nt state. This allows for powering the memory by means of a battery 143, which will maintain the integrity of the memory for extended periods of time, i.e., the memory will not be erased. The particular shift register components (SCL 5172) were manufactured by Solid State Scientific, Inc. of Montgomeryville, Pennsylvania 18936. These components ha~e ~een preselltly discontinuued, but there are many other similar com~onents currently on the market, e.g., RCA's CD 4031 ~E and Motorola's MC 14157CL.
In their power off state, the shift registers 140 and 141, as well as the transmission gates 142 and 1~3, respectively, the NOR gates 144 and 145, respectively, and the flip flop 146 all operate from the power supplied by ~attery 143. Flip flop 146 is in the low logic state (Q=0; Q=l) at this time, which disables gateS 142, 143, 144 and 145. Transmission gates 142 and 143 effectively disconnect the battery operated circuitry outputs from the microprocessor system. This prcvents excessive battery current required to supply the low impedance inputs of the ROM(2)13 and load resistors 139 during the power off condition. Thus, battery life is extended considerably. The inputs to the shift registers 140 and 141 are of characteristically high impedance (CMOS) and therefore, do not require this form of isolation. Gates 144 and 145 are disabled by flip flop 146 in the "power-down"
and transition states. This inhibits spurious signals on lines 147 (clock signal line) and the memory disable line 148. This is necessary, because during "power-up" and "power-down" sequences, there may be spurious signals on the output port 27 (Figure ld) supplying the control signals. This is so, because at this time the power signals ~re non-zero, but have not as yet reached their specified operating values. During "power-up" and "power-down"
the microprocessor is no~ functioning predictably and memory must therefore be protected, which is accomplished by gates 144 and 145.
During "power-up", transistor 149, which is initially off, remains off until line 150 is connected to ground.
This occurs when optical switches 152 and 153 (Figures lZa and 12b, respectively) turn on. Optical switches 152 and .

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1C~776Z3 153 are part of the -10-volt and ~5-volt power supply monitoring circuits, and turn on when the -10 volt and +5 volt supplies respectively reach their operating values. Both of these power supplies are necessary for the proper operation of the microprocessor system.
As power begins to come on, diode 155 through which battery current flows, turns off and diode 156 turns on.
This switches the memory over to the main power supply. The reverse procedure is experienced during shut-down. When line 150 becomes low, transistor 149 turns on, ca~in~
connection point 154 to go high. This in turn causes the Q output of the flip flop 146 to go high via line 157. This enables gates 142, 143~ 144 and 145 resulting in making the memory fully operative with the microprocessor system.
During start-up, a reset signal to the microprocessor is generated by the circuit of Figure 13. The reset signal initializes the central processor unit (CPU 10 of Figure ld~, and starts the program of the system executing from location/0pp in ROM. The beginning portion of the program contains initialization proceeures which are only executed once during the start-up sequence. Included in this start-up sequence, is a subroutine INR~M described with reference to Figure 22. This subroutine transfers the contents in the shift registers 140 and 141 to the working area (RAM) of the microprocessor system.
Data from these non-voIatile shift registers 140 and 141, comprising "postage meter register" data, is read into the micro-proce~sor system through ROM input port t2) 31 as shown in Figures ld and 10. Each sequential word of data in the shift register memory is accessed by writing out a clock pulse to shift registers 140 and 141 via bit ~ of output port 27 as shown , , - .

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~ 1()77623 in Figures ld and 80 ~fter all of the 128 words of the shift register memory are loaded into RAM, the non-volatile memory remains idle until a shutdown sequence (subroutine DOWN
of Figure 23) i5 initiated. The shutdown sequence will result if either or both of the power supplies (~5 volt and -10 volt) begin to turn off. The optical switches 152 and 153 tFigures 12a and 12b) then turn off, thereby turning off transistor 149. This in turn causes connection point 154 to go low. In addition, the voltage on line 158 goes low. The line 158 is connected to the test input on the CPU 10. This test input is read periodically during program execution, and when it is read as a logical low, the program branches to the DOWN subro~tine (Figure 23). The "postage meter register" data in RAM is now read, and then written out to the shift register memory via output port 26 of Figure 7. This "postage meter register" data may have changed in the hiatus between initialization and shutdown due to the entering of new postage. After the data word information is written out to CMOS shift register memory, a clock pulse is written out via bit 8 output port 27 of Figure 7. This enters the data word into the non-volatile memory, and then the next sequential word is accessed in RA~. memory. The sequence of accessing and writing of the sequential data words continues until the entire contents of RAM memory has been transferred back into the shift registers (non-volatile memory). After the transfer has been completed, a memory disable signal i5 written out to the flip flop 146 via b;t 4 of output ~ort 27 and line 148. This causes the "Q" of the flip flop tc go to zero, which disables the memory.
To reinitiate the memory system, both optical sensors 152 and 153 must turn on to start the sequence again.

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1~776Z3 It sllould b~ not~d, that Lhe above scheme of transferring the contents of memory need not be required, where the "workingn memory areas are th~mselves indestructable. For example, the RAM memory may be furnished with a hold-up battery, thus eliminating the need for the CMOS shift register memory. "Working" storage may also comprise a core memory or other similar non-volatile storage components, such as a plated wire memory, a magnetic domain memory, a MNOS memory, etc.
Figure 12a shows the electrical schematic for the -10 volt supply monitoring circuit. The -10 volt supply is monitored by a voltage regulator IC 159, connected to form a voltage sensing circuit. The input voltage applied to line 160 powers this circuit. The circuit contains an internal zener reference diode.
The input voltage is compared against this reference, and when it exceeds a predetermined value set by the potentiometer 161, the output switches on. This causes the LED 162 of the optical switch 152 to energize This turns on the phototransistor 163 of the optical switch 152, which provides the part of aforementioned input to the memory circuit of Figure 11, and also provides an input to the reset circuitry of Figure 13. The optical switch 152 i~
made by the Monsanto Company, and has a part No. MCT-2. The IC
regulator 159 is a standard part No. 723, manufactured by Teledyne, Signetics, Motorola, etc.
Figure 12b depicts the electrical schematic for the +5 volt supply monitoring circuit. This circuit performs a similar function as that shown in Figure 12a. The external zener diode 164 is used as a reference. A differential amplifier 165 (RCA, CA3046) compares the input voltage supplied on line 166, against the reference. When the input P~cee~e a predet~rmin~d value set by the potentiometer 167, the LED 168 of the optical r i 1(377~;23 switch 153 turns on. Tllis causes the phototransistor 169 of the optical switch to su~ply an output to the memory circuit of Figure 11, and also to the reset circuitry of Figure 13. In the circuit of Figure 12b, a 723 IC is not used because the voltages being monitored are not sufficie~ltly large to properly bias the circuit.
The monitoring circuits shown, are respectively connected across the filter capacitors 170 and 171 of the power supplies.
The monitoring circuits are set to switch at a threshold several volts greater than the output voltage on lines 174 and 175, respectively. If power is lost from the AC line supplyi31g power to the rectifiers, and the load connected to the output voltage lines 174 and 175 remains constant, the filter capacitors 170 and 171, will respectively discharge in a nearly linear fashion until the respective regulators 172 and 173 start failing to regulate due to the insufficient supply voltage.
When the rectified voltage drops below the sensing voltage threshold set by the potentiometers 161 and 167, respectively, of Figures 12a and 12b, the optical switches 152 and 153 (Figures 12a and 12b) turn off. This in turn generates a signal sensed on the CPU test line, which initiates the aforementioned shutdown routine.
As long as the ~; time to detect the shutdown signal and the time to transfer the register contents from working RAM
memory to the non-volatile memory, does not exceed 20 milliseconds, there will be su~ficient time to preserve the memory, and operate the microprocessor in a defined mode. The time parameter is a function of the filter capacitors, load, sensing voltage, and out-put voltage. The 20 millisecond value has been obtained by ch90sinS
the worse load condition for the system.
The reset circuitry of Figure 13, comprises a one sho~
178 set to provLde a guaranteed ~i ni width pulse. The input _ 37 - :

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~0776Z3 to the one-shot 178 is from the outputs of the power supply monitoring circuits of Figures 12a and 12b, respectively.
Figure 14c illustrates the power supply circuitry (-24 volts) used to operate the stepping motor 50, the solenoids 60 and 70 of Figure 3, and the message display lamps of section 116 of Figure Sa. The zener diode 179 regulates the voltage outputted on the line 180.
Figure 15 shows the circuitry associated with the multiplexin~
shift register (~)20 of Figure ld. This shift register is a 10 bit serial-in/parallel-out S/R, which is used in this postage system to multiplex both the display and the keyboard (see Figures ld, lb and 16). The multiplexing is accomplished by entering a logic "1"
into the shift register, and shifting it through, thus enabling the outputs one at a time. Nine of the outputs as shown in Figure 15, are connected to anode drivers 181, which operate the Panaplex display in a multiplexed mode. The Panaplex display of Figure 16 is manufactured by the Burroughs Corp. The anode driver~ 181 are of a common, well known type, similar to those described in the technical brochure (advance copy) put out by the Sperry Infor-mation Displays Division, Scottsdale, Arizona, entitled: "Multi-plexing Sperry SP-700 Series Information Displays", Page 28.
Figure 16 illustrates the electrical schematic for the key-board and the display (sections 115 and 116) of Figure lc. Section 115 of the display is shown at the top of Figure 16, and represents the aforementioned gas di-chArge Panaple~ display. Below the gas ~i~chArge display, are shown the indicator lamps, (section 116) which are powered by the voltage supply of Figure 14c, and are controlled by the shift register and switching circuitry shown in Figure 17. The 300 ohm resistors in the lamp circuit are used to limit the current to the l_mps (the lamps are 12 volt lamps). The electrical schematic for the keyboard 34 is shown .

'' :' ' : " - . ' . . - ,: , :

.:. . - . . : , .' '.:: ' , ' ' ' ., ,' - ' ' 1.0~7623 below the lamp circuitry. Th~ four horizontal (row word) lin~s, and ten vertical (column word) lines interseet to provide a select position. The "row word" lines are connected to the ROM
input port 29 (Figure ld), and seven (all ten vertical lines are not used) "column word" lines are connected to the shift register 20 of Figure~ ld, and 15. A discussion on multiplexing a keyboard using an Intel shift register (4003) and microprocessor (4001) can be ~ound on pages 51-52 of the Intel Users Manual for the MCS-4 Micro-Computer Set, the February lY73 eclition (Revision 4).
- Figure 17 depicts the eleetrieal schematic ~or the shift register circuitry controlling the indicator lamps of Figure 16.
Shift register 21 and 22 (see Figure ld) are 10 bit serial-in/
parallel-out S/R's which are utilized as port expande_s. A bit pattern corresponding to the particular indicator lamps to be turned on, is transferred to the shift registers 21 and 22 in a serial manner from register 206, RAM(2)18, (please refer to subroutine LDLMP of Figure 39). The shift registers 21 and 22 provide logic "1" outputs to respeetive transistors 182 (typieal) whieh act as switehes, whieh in turn light their associated lamp ~Figure 16).
Figure 18 illustrates the deeimal point circuitry which turns on the deçi -1 point separating the "dollars" and "cents" in the numeric display 115. The decimal point is inhibited from appearing in the display, (lines 184 and 185, respectively) when the "piece count" or the "bateh eount" is being displayed. The digit to be displayed is written out in BCD form on RAM output port 26 (Figure ld~ to the deeoder driver 1~3 as shown. The output of the deeoder driver 183 is deeoded for the seven segment display shown in Figure 16 ~top). ~he deeoder driver 183 (DD 700) is manufaetured by Sperry Rand (SP-700 Teehnieal Bulletin, Oetober 197:
The bl ~nk; ng feature incorporated into the decoder dri~er 183 is driven by RAM output port 25 (Figure ld) bit 8. Besides ~' ..... ' . , ' ~ :
,- ' ~ ,, ' ~ : . , ~77623 suppressing l~ading zeros, this blankillg is also used in the multi-plexing process. A discussion of blanking requirements for multi-plexed gas dischar~3ed displays can be found on page 5 of the aforementioned brochure: "Multiplexing Sperry SP-700 Series Information Displays".
The res~stor 186 is a current limiting resistor used in the power supply for the stepping motor. Resistors 187 and ~88 are current limiting resistors used in the power supply to the LED's of the optical switches 190, 191, 192, 193 ~nd 19~, 195, 196, 1~7, respectively (Figure 19).
Figure 19 shows the electrical schematics for the meter monitoring photocells, the stepper motor coil drivers, and the print sensing photocell. The print sense photocell 189 of well 99 in Figure 3 is shown in electrical schematic at the bottom of Figure 19. This photocell detects the completed rotation of the printing drum 42 (Figure 3). When this photocell senses that postage has been printed, the program branches to a routine that updates all the "postage meter" registers by the amount of postage to which the meter was set. This photocell is multiplexed into the "meter" along with keys of the keyboard 34 (Yigures lb and lc).
The optical switches 190 through 197, which monitor the mechAnicAl functions of the "meter" are multiplexed into the input port 32 by shift register (3)23 (Figure ld).
RAM output port 28 (Figuxe ld) is used to drive the stepping motor 50 (Figure 3). This output port is connected to an RCA
CD4050 buffer, which in turn dri~es darlington transistor switches 250, 251, 252 an~ 253, respectively via lines 254, 255, 256 and 257, respectively. The motor 50 is powered by the -24 volt ~uppiy of Figure 14c. The stepping motor 50 (Figure 3) is a RAPID-SYN, Model 23D-6102A, manufactured by Computer Devices Corporation, Santa Fe Springs, Califorria. The characteristics of the motor (specifications, s~i~ching, se~uence, schematic, etc.) are given in bulletin C and D, Pages 6~73.

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.
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.

- ~ -~077~Z3 The respective darlington transistor switches 258 and 259 are used to energize the bank select solenoids 60 and 70 of Figure 3. These switches receive their inputs from shift register

(4)24 of Figure ld, via lines 262 and 263, respectively.
The darlington transistor switch 260 is used to energize the "meter enable" solenoid (not shown), which is used to free shaft 57 (Figure 3) for rotation. The switch is inputted on line 264 (Figures 17, 19), by the signal used to power the "meter enabled lamp of the display (Figure 16).
- All the connections not specifically mentioned, and which are relevant to the circuitry depicted in Figures 11 through 19, are shown by pin connection numbers as illustrated.
Remote Meter Charging Operation Generally speaking, most security systems in one way or the other require that there be two separate but matching kinds of inormation to effect access, i.e., two complementing com- -binations. With the meter recharging system illustrated in Figure 1, there are two combination generating -~hines a) a digital computer located at a data center, and b) one or more remotely located electronic postage meters. Each of these two ~chines exist to generate a combination, which being the match or complement of the other, will allow postage meter users to refund (recharge) their postage meters. This will be done without the inconvenience of physically having to transport their meters t~ postal authorities.
The operator or user of a postage meter refunds his meter by first ~alling the data center v a telephone, and in some way identifying hlmself, or the meter. This can be accompliqhed by informing the data center of the meter number, or by giving the center a unique account number, or both. This ~tage o~ the transmission can be accomplisned by either a voice .

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~776Z3 or tonal input~ The computer at the data center uses this information to verify that the call is authentic. In other words, that the call is originating from a valid postage meter user.
When the call is validated, the computer formulates a response to the user via the answer-back unit, requesting the numerical values of one or more funding registers in t~e meter.
After the user supplies these values via the telephone push button , the computer checks to see if the meter is functioning correctly.
The computer also checks one register against the other to see whether a mistake may have occurred in the entry of these value8.
The user is then asked to supply the amount of postage funds he desires to add into the meter. The computer then determinPc whether there is a possibility that the d0scending register of the meter may overflow with the addition of the desired funds.
Assuming that no problem exists, the computer proceeds to calculate a combination which is a fwlction of the postage requested. The computer then updates the file of the user's transactions, and the generated combination is furnished to the user via the answer-back unit.
Upon receiving the combination provided by the data center, the user unlocks his postage meter. The meter may be fashioned with a variety of locking devices such as a combination lock, a key operated mechallical lock, etc. The particular lock used in the instant invention cornbines a switch and lock c~-~ination, i.e., a switch is operative to various switching positions by the insertion and turning of a key.
When the user of the present system receives the combination, he inserts a key into the switch-lock, and turns the switch to a first position. This action initiates a sequence of events. First~ the meter's "addition register" is cleared.

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1~77623 Tllen, an indicator light is ~ctivated in the display, that informs the user to enter the amount of postage. This amount must of course be the same as that submitted to the data center.
Finally, the turning of the switch to the first position initiates the call up of one or more stored constants in the non-volatile memory of the postage meter. These constants will be used to first generate random numbers, which will be sub-sequently used to generate a complementary combination to the one furnished by the data center.
After the user enters the postage amount, he then turns the switch to a second position. A second indicator lamp is now lit, instructing the user to enter the combination supplied to him by the data center. Meanwhile, the postage meter ha~
operatively combined the entered postage with the generated random numbers to provide an internal combination. Now, when the user enters the combination from the data center, the two combinations will be compared. These complementary c~ `-;n~tions being unique to any previous contents of the meter, and to the postage amount entered, provide a high security against detection which is so essential to postal transactions.
; After the user enters the combination supplied by the data center, he turns the switch to a third position. The postage meter now compares the entered combination with the intern~lly generated combination. If these combinations are a m~tch, an indicator lamp will be lit informing the user that the entered combination has been validated. If on the other hand, there has been a mistake in entering a proper com-bination, an alterna~e indicator ~ight will inform the user that ; he must repeat the funding procedure.
The amount of postage funded into the meter will be displayed in the numeric section of the display, when the - ~3 -.

. ~ . .

~077623 combination has been validated. At the same time, this amount is added to the "descending" and "control sum" registers.
Finally, the randorn n~lbers which were generated in this meter funding operation will be stored in the non-volatile memory to provide the necessary constants for a subsequent meter funding procedure.
The general method of data processing by the data center 5 will be explained in more detaii with reference to Figure 31. The inventive method is similar in many ways to that depicted in Patent No. 3,792,446.
One of the important differences of the present method, however, is that a means is provided of inputting variable postage amounts into a postage meter, rather than a fixed increment as aforementioned. The combination presented to the meter user will be a function o~ the amount of postage requested and the data center will provide a different combination depending upon the amount requested for recharging the meter.
Now referring to Figure 31, a flow chart is shown which illustrates how an incoming telephone call from a user at one of the remote meter stations 1 (~igure 1) is processed by the data center 5.
When a user at a remote postage meter station seeks to recharge his meter 2, he keys in the telephone number of the data center 5 on his telephone 3 (Figure 1). The data center answers, as indicated by block 939. This completes the telephone connection. A voice response i5 now provided (block 940) by the computer controlled answer back unit 8 (~igure 1).
This response is transmitted to the user and requests a numeric input which will identify the user, the meter, or both (in other words, which remote station 1 is on the line). This _ 44 _ .

~077623 identifying input can comprise either an account number, a meter serial number, or both. These identifying numbers will be held in the memory of the computer 7.
After requestillg the numeric input, the computer 7 converts to an input mode illustrated by block 942. The computer now awaits a user response. The numeric response is in the form of a tonal input provided by the depressing of the touch-tone telephone keys of telephone 3 (Figure 1). The frequency encoded digit inputs are converted by the data set ~ at the data center

5 into computer language for computer 7. The numeric input need not be limited to a fixed number of digits. A fixed number of digits, however, can be used to terminate that portion of the transmission.
When the computer receives this information, it searches its memory to det~rrine whether the submitted account number is stored therein. If a comparable account is located in memory, the submitted account number is valid, and decision block 944 i8 exited along branch line 941 to block 94S.
If on the other hand, a comparable account number cannot be located in memory, the decision block 944 will exit along branch line 943 to a second decision block 945. The computer now det~rr;nes how many chances the caller has thus far taken in attempting to input a valid account number. If the caller has committed less than three attempts to enter the proper account number, decision block 945 is exited along branch line 947 to block 948. The computer 7 now co ~n~ the voice answer back unit 8 ~Figure 1) to transmit a request to the user for a resubmission of the account number.
The program branches back via line 949 to block 942~
and the computer is again conditioned to receive an identifying numeric input~

1~776Z3 1`he user is given three tries to enter a valid account nurnber. If on three passes through decision block 945 the caller has failed to present a proper identity number, the decision to terminate the telephone connection is made via line 950 to block 951.
However, should the user succeed in entering a valid number in one of the three allotted tries, decision block 944 is exited via line 941, as aforementioned.
In the preferred embodiment cf this invention, block 946 is now entered, and a voice response is generated and then transmitted to the user, requesting entry of the postage meter number. This request, however, could have been made during the first request for identification, if so desired. The request for the metex number can be made to replace the accoun~ number, or can be used in conjunction with it, as in the present embodiment.
The computer n~w converts to an input mode via block 952, and awaits for the meter number entry. When the meter number is entered, the computer then det~rm; n~q (decision block 953) whether this entry is valid. It must be considered, that some particular accounts (identifying account numbers) may h~ve more than one meter assigned to them. However, every account will comprise meter numbers which are th~mc~lYes individually unique so as to prevent the likelihood of confusion.
When the entered meter number is found to be part of the account previously identified, branch line 954 is taken to block 956. On the other hand, if a valid postage meter number cannot be matched to the account, decision block 953 is exited via line 955 leading to a second decision block 957. A check is now made to de~er~ine if more than three attempts have been made to enter a valid meter number. If le~s than three attempts .

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~077623 were mclde, branch line 960 i9 taken ~o block 961. A voice response is formulated and then sent to the user requesting a resubmission of the met~r number. Block 961 is exited via line 962, and block 952 is re-entered. The computer now awaits a resubmitted number. I~ three attempts at submitting a valid postage meter number do not provide an acceptable number, then decision block 957 will be exited along branch line 958 to block 959. The postage meter user is now advised to call a particular telephone number for personal assistance. The computer then breaks the telephone connection via block 951.
The purpose in asking the user to seek assistance is to determine why the user is having difficulty in submitting a valid meter number, afte^ having submitted a valid account numoer. Having previously entered a proper account number, the caller is in all probability a valid account party, and therefore should not now be experiencing difficulty.
As aforementioned, a valid meter number entry will provide an exiting from decision block 953 along branch line 954 to block 956. The computer now controls the voice answer back unit to transmit a request for the user to enter the current balance existing in the meter's asc~n~;n9 register. TO
obtain this value, the user pushes button 113 (Figure lc) on keyboard 34 of meter 2. The amount in the ascending register will then appear in the numeric display 115 (Figure lc). ~he user then c ;cates this number to the data center 5 via telephone 3 (Figure 1) as requested. The computer 7 enters an input mode via block 963 to accept the ascending register entry. Decision block 964 is now entered, and the entered asc~n~; ng register amount~is ch~cked to determine whether this amount is consistent and reasonable with the known size of thi~
register. In other words, whether the amount reported is not ' '. ' , ~ ~ 47 -..
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.

~1()77~;23 lar(~er than ~he maximum storage capacity of the re~ister. rf the entered amount i9 a reasonable value, then decision block ~64 is exited via line 965 to block 966.
If, however, the amount of the ascending register does not check out, then branch line 967 is taken to block 968.
The computer now generates a voice response via the answer back unit, requesting the user to repeat the procedure. Line 969 is then taken to block 956, and a voice response is again transmitted to the user requesting the ascending register value. The computer again goes into an input mode (block 963), accepts the entry, and makes a format check of the asGen~in7 register value ~decision block 964). The present ascending register value can also be checked against the previous ascending register amount to determine if it is greater or equal thereto.
Block 966 is entered via line 965, when the format check is proper. The computer now generates and then transmits a response via the answer-back un t, requesting entry of the contents of the descending register. The user obtains this value by depressing key 114 on keyboard 34 of meter 2 (Figure lc). The value of the asc~n~i~g register will now De cleaxed from the numeric display 115~ and the descending register amount will appear therein.
The user then transmits this value back to the da~a center 5 via telephone 3 (Figure 1). Block 970 is entered and the computer then goes into an input mode to accept the desc~n~i n~ register value. Decision block 971 then calls for dete~ini~ whether the entered value of the descending register is consistent and reasonable with the known size of this register. If the value submitted checks out, then decision block 971 is exited via line 972. Block 976 is then entered.

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If some error i9 detected in thc format check, then deci~ion block 971 is exited via line 973, and block 974 is entered.
The computer then generates a voice response via the answer-back unit, informing the user to repeat the procedure. Line 975 is taken to block 966, and the user is again instructed to enter the contents of the des~ending register. The user again transmits this information to the data center, and it is accepted by the computer (block 970). Decision block 971 is re-entered, and if the format check is proper, the program continues via line 972 to block 976. Block 976 calls for checking the submitted descending register amount against a previous reading in memory, which was obtained during a prior recharging of the user's meter. The current descending register reading cannot be greater than the stored memory value, since the descending register is decremented by the amount of postage issued for each recharging of the meter. If, however, the present reading is in fact greater than the stored value, decision block 976 is exited via line 977. Decision block 978 is then entered to determine whether there has been three passes through the previous decision block 976. If in fact there has been three passes through the prior decision block, this indicates that a problem may exist with the descpn~lng register. Decision block 978 is then exited via line 979 and block 959 is entered. The user i5 then advised to call a service telephone number and obtain assistance. The telephone connection is severed (block 951) thereafter.
I~, however, three passes have not occurred through decision block 976, it is assumed that the user has made a mistaken entry to the data center, and decision block 978 is exited on line 980 to block 968. The user lS now requested to repeat the ~CP~i ng and descending register readings as was previou~ly required.

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10776Z3 - .

If upon reachin.3 decision block 976, it is determined that the present descending register reading is properly a lesser value than the stored prior reading, line 981 i5 taken to decision block 982. The sum of the ascending and descending register readin~s is now checked against a summation of the stored prior ascending and descending register values. If an equality is obtained, then branch line 983 is taken to block 986. If, however, the sums do not match, the decision block 982 is exited along branch line 984 to another ~ecision block 985.
This decision block chec~s whether the disparity in the register sums is due to an overflow condition in the ascending register.
If an equality can now be found, line 987 is taken to block 986.
If, however, an euqality is still not obtained, then a fourth decision block~989 is entered via branch line 988. This decision block seeks to determine an equality between the presen~ register sum and a stored sum prior to the previous stored sum. If this checX provides an equality, it means that a previous funding combination was requested, but never entered into the meter.
Branch line 9gO is then taken to block 1004, and the computer for mulates a response via the answer-back uni~ for supplying the postage meter user with the previously provided funding combination and postage amount, which had not been entered.
If, an equality is still not obtained in decision block 989, a fifth decision block 992 is entered via line 991. This decision block determ;nes whether there is an equality in the sums under consideration in block 989, with further consideration of there being an overflow of the ascending register. If an equality is found for this condition, block 1004 is entered via branch line 993. The postage user will then be given the previously generated fundlng com~ination which had not been entered.

. - 50 -.

~0776;~3 If an equality is not obtained after the fifth decision block 992, branch line 994 is followed to decision block 978, ~hich tests for three passes through decision block 992. If there has not been three passes, it is assumed that a mistake has occurred in a register entry, and block 968 is entered via line 980. If, however, there has been three passes through block 992, then it is assumed that a more serious problem exists, and block 959 is entered via branch line 979. The postage meter user is instructed to telephone a service nurnber, and then the connection between the user and the data center is severed via block 951.
As aforementioned, an equality in either decision blocks 982 and 985 will provide access to block 986. The computer formulates a response via the answer-back unit requesting the meter user to enter the amount of postage to be funded into the r-chine. The computer then goes into an input mode (block 995) to accept the entry of the postage meter user. Decision block 996 is then entered to detP ine whether the amount requested is of sufficient numerical size to be handled by the registers without causing an overflow condition. In other words, the amount requested cannot be so large, that it canno1 be properly set into the funding registers. If the amount is properly within the upper limit of the funding registers, branch line 997 i5, taken to decision block 998. It is now determined whether the amount re~uested is less than a given ~i ni . The reason for this determination is that it is desirable to prevent the mzter user from soliciting a frivolous amount of postage, to discourage tampering, and the otherwise wasting of valuable computer time.
If the amount requested is not frivolous, branch line 999 i5 taken to a third decision block l~00. Determination is now ' 1"
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~776Z3 made to see whether the added amount ~ill cause the descending register of the meter to overflow. If it is determined that this will not occur, then branch line 1001 is taken to block 1002. The computer now calculates a new con~ination for the postage meter user. This combination is both a function of the requested amount of postage and a series of random-type numbers.
A typical method of deriving a postage combination will be described hereinafter with reference to the flow chart illustrated in Figure 32.
After the computer formulates the new combination, the record (user's file) in memory is updated to reflect the changes to the ascending and descending registers of that particular meter wrought by the present recharging tblock 1003). The computer now goes into an output mode, and block 1004 is entered to transmit the new combination to the user.
It should be noted that the update of the computer registers (block 1003) proceeds the transmittal of the information to the user (block 1004). This procedure acts as a safeguard against the issuance of postage without it being properly recorded.
Also, if a prior combination was never entered, as when block 100~ is entered over lines 990 or 993, the the priGr combination will be revealed to the user without updating the file. This is only natural, fiince the file was already updated in the prior request for fundsO
After the combination has been given to the user ~block 1004), there may be need to repeat it~ Block 1005 is entered, and the computer s conditioned to receive three digits from the user. Decision block 1006 is entered, and if no digits have been received, the connection is severed (line 1008 to block 1009).
If the user, however, taps three digits "RPT" on his touch telephone, decision block 1006 is exited on line 1007, and the combination is repeated (block lD04).

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As aforementioned, the computer checks tlle amount of the requested postage (block 996) to determine whether it can be accommodated by the meter registers. If it cannot, branch line 1010 is taken to decision block 1011. The cornputer then determines whether three passes have been made through block 996. If three passes have been made branch line 1012 is taken to block 959, and the user is instructed to telephone for assistance.
If three passes have not been made, then th~ user is requested to repeat the postage amount desired (branch line 1013 to block 1014). Block 1014 is exited along linè 1015 to block 986, and the computer enters an input mode to await the postage input.
The user is also asked to seek assistance ~block 959) if either a postage amount is below a ~i ni value (exit block 998 on line 1016) or if the descending register will overflow (exit block 1000 on branch line 1017).
Once having received the combination from the data center, the user is then ready to recharge his meter. The flow chart illustrating the recharging postage meter routine for operating upon the combination received from the data center, is shown in Figures 32 and 32a.
The meter is turned on (block 1100) and initialized, and the flags are set in memory (block 1101). The keyboard 34 and the meter recharging switch 138 (Figures lb and lc) are sc~nned for inputs (block 1102). Decision block 1103 is entered to dete ine whether the key switch ;38 has been turned to a new position. If there has been a ~hange in the key switch, as when a key is initially inserted and the switch is turned to position 1, decision block 1105 is entered via branch line 1104.
If no change in the key switck has occurred, then a determination is made to see if there is a keyboard input (decision block 1107 i5 entered via branch line 1106?. The program will then either branch to perform a function cal'ed for by the keyboard (line _ 53 _ 1(3 776Z3 1108 is taken to block 1109) or the keybo~rd and key switch i3 rescrutini~ed for an in~ut (block 1102 is entered via br~nch line 1110).
Once a determination has been made that the key switch 138 has been activated (block 1103), then it is determined what step in the recharging procedure is being taken by the user, i.e., whether the user is preparing to key in the desired pos~age in the keyboard (turns switch to position l); whether the user i5 about to enter the combination from the data center tturns switch to position 2); or whether the user has turned the key switch to position 3 to validate the recharging of the meter.
~ aving determined which position the switch is in, the routine branches to the corresponding line (position 1, line 1111; position 2, line 1112; and position 3; line 1113).
Along branch line 1111, a decision block 114 first det~r~in~S
whether flag 1 in memory (R~M(3)19) is tagged (equals one). I~
this condition exists, it indicates that the routine corresponding to the first switch position has been already completed, and the routine then branches back to block 1102 (via line 1115) to scan for the next switch position routine. I~ not, block 1117 is entered via branch line 1116. A first number "Q" is retrieved from read/write memory (RAM(3)19, bank 2)~ A number "R" is then generated by mathematically operating upon the number "Q" (block 1118~. Next a second number "S" is generated by Mathematically operating upon the first generated number "R" ~block 1119).
After the numbers `'R" and "S" are generated, an indicator light 122 lights upon the display panel 116 (Figure lc) requesting the operator to enter the desired postage amount (block 1120). The routine for the first switch positiOn is term;nAted by tagging the first flag and clearing the second flag (block 1121). The routine then returns to block 11~2 to scan for the next key switch position.

'' ' ~ ' ' ~`

. .

The opera~or of the meter now keys in the ~ostaye amount and turns th~ key switch to pOsitioll 2. Decision block 1122 is entered via line 1112, and it is determined whether flag 2 is tagged. If so~ the routine branches back to block 1102 via line 1123. If not, block 1125 is entered via branch line 1124.
The value in the display (postage amount keyed by the operator) is then transferred to a working location "P" in memory. A
number "T" is generated (block 1126) using the values "R", "S"
and "P" (postage requested). One way of accomplishing this is by combining "R", "S" and "P" according to the formula:
T = (P x R) + S.
Next, a portion of this resulting number "T" is selected to derive a combination "C" (combination of the meter) as per block 1127.
It should be noted at this point in the discussion that the computer in the data center has generated a combination "Cc"
(computer combination) in exactly the same way as the meter has generated c~ ~;nAtion "Cm"~ i.e., the compoter had stored a distinct number "Q" for this particular postage meter, and then proceeded to generate numbers "R" and "5". When the user entered the postage amount "P", the computer generated "T" using the numbers "R", "S" and "P". The combination "Cc" was formed by selecting in like fashion with the meter, a portion of the generated number "T". The meter will only recharge, therefore, if "Cm" is equal to "Ccn.
After the meter routine generates the "Cm" combination, an indicator light 123 ~Pigure lc) is lit on display panel 116 requesting the user enter the combination "Cci' obtained from the computer (block 1128~. The second flag is set, and the third flag is cleared as per block 1129. The routine returns to block 1102.

' .
-:

1~77623 The u~er now enters the computer combination "Cc" via the keyboard 34 (l~igure lb) and turns the key switch 138 to po~ition 3. Tl-e final ~ortion of the meter recharging routine is entered via line 1113. DeciSion block 1130 determines if the third flag is tagged. If yes, the line 1131 is taken back to block 1102. If not, the combination "Cc", w}-ich has been keyed in and displayed, is transferred from the display register to a working portion of storage (line 1132 is taken to block L1331.
Decision block 1134 is entered to determine whether the reque~ted postage "P" will be ac~o -~dated by the descending register.
If not, branch line 1135 is taken to block 1136, and an error indicator lamp is lit in display section 116. The routine is then terminated by tagging the third flag, clearing the first flag, (block 11,0) and returning to the sc~nninq of the keyboard (block 1102).
If, however, the third flag has not been tagged, decision block 1138 is entered via branch line 1137. Combinations "Ccn and "Cm" are now compared. If these combinations do not match, block 1140 is entered via branch line 1139, and indicator lamp 124 is lit to inform the operator that the recharging has not been validated. The routine is then terr;n~ted via block 1150.
If, however, the combinations are a match, branch line 1141 is taken to blocX 1142. The descending register of the meter is then incremented by the requested postage "P". The number "Q" is then replaced with the last generated number "S"
(block 1143), and the indicator lamp 125 is lit on display panel 116 to inform the operator that the recharging is valid. The third flag is tagged and the first ~lag is cleared (block 1150) thus ter~inAting the recharging xoutine.
Operation of the Meter The operation of this computerized postage meter will be explained with reference to the flow charts shown in ';

.,: ' , , ' ~ . ' :

- : . -: . .

~;9776Z3 FicJures ~0 to S], and the associat~ program appenderl to this specification.
I~hile the above program has been of necessity written about the particular meter setting mp~h~n;~m shown in Figures 3, 4a, 4b and 5, it .
should be und~ ood that the essence, spirit, scope, and limits of this invention are considered to be of a broader sharacter. In other w~rds, the present computerized postage meter could have been easily ~L~yLcu~ d about a jet printing ~JsLdy~ a~dLdL~s of the type sh~n and described in applicant's ~n~ n Patent ~o. 1,010,717, issued May 24, 1977, Also, it is to be understood that many other high speed printing a~LaL~ses can be made ccmpatible with the present ~ uLelized ~eter. Cther such d~l~r~ Ps ;n~ P matrix and line printers.
~ith all such printing devices, the basic safegu.lrds regarding postal security must of nPceçsity be maintained, such as securing the printer against physical and electronic tampering~
Referring to Figure 20, a generalized overall representation of the operation of this postage meter is shcwn in fl~w chart fonm, The meter system is first given pc~er as shcwn per block 300, When the meter system is powered, a gPnPr~l system reset pulse ini~;~li7~ç the micro-processor system. This causes the CPU registers, P~YM nemory, and I/O
- 20 ports to be clearecl, and starts the postage meter program executing from address ~00.
The postage meter system operation is set in motion by rec~ll;ng postage meter register data from the non-vol~t;lP memory and placing this data in the working area of R~M. Also, when the ~osL~ meter system st~rts its op~ration, the printer banks of the printing c~nd settin~
rh~ni~m of Figlres 3, ~a, 4b and 5 are all set to zero. These are scme of the major procedures represented by "init;al;7~tion' block 301. In addition to these procedures, ~ w 57 w .~

~77GZ3 - .

oth~r functions are also performed, as will be explained hereinafter with reference to Figures 21 and 21a.
A~ter "initiali~ation", the system enters a SCAN routine shown in the general sense by blocks 302, 303 and 308 and in more detail hereinafter, by the flow chart of Figure 25. The SCAN
routine consumes the greatest portion of postage meter operation time. The principle function of the SCAN routine is to search for a depressed key on the keyboard 3g and multiplex the numeric display 115 of Figures lb and lc (block 302). Once having found a validly depressed key (block 308), the SCAN routine will branch to the appropriate subroutine corresponding to the function called for by that particular key. The SCAN routine will generate an address to a "look-up" table where the particular address of the subroutîne corresponding to the key is stored. This stored address is transferred to register pair 6 in the CPU. The subroutine FCTN
(which is a jump to the address in register pair 6) is then executed.
After a particular key is serviced (block 310), the SCAN
routine is re-entered to re-inspect the keyboard for new and sub-sequent inputs. The print photocell input is given priority over other keyboard inputs to prevent the printing of postage without it being registered.
During the course of the SCAN routine, a periodic check is made as to the power condition of the system (block 303). In case of a power failure, the postage meter system must be ~ble to complete any on-going operations, and to retransfer the contents vf working memory (RAM contents) back into non-volatile storage (block 304). The "powering down" and "save memory" sequcnces will be more fully explained hereinafter, with reference to the r - : - - . . . - - . - ~ .
:. . . :. - .
- - . . .. . . -~0776Z3 DOWN subroutine of Figure 23. Whell t;~ere is a "power-downn~
a trap (block 306) i9 entered, and the program cannot re-enter the SCAN routine except by the initation of a complete "pow~r-up"
sequence.
The meter initiali~ation sequence block 301 is shown in more detail with reference to Figure 21. The information in the non-volatile memory is transferred into working memory (RAM) via subroutine INRAM (block 312) which will be described in more detail with reference to Figure 22. All four imprint wheels are then set to zero as per block 313 using the subroutine HOME of Figure 24.
Descending register contents are then loaded into the numeric dis-piay (block 314) and the check data rpminder indicator lamp is lighted (block 316). The descending register contents are displayed at start-up to inform the operator how much funds are available for printing postage. The check date reminder, reminds the operator to set the date on the postage printing mechanism. The system then goes into the SCAN routine as previously mentioned.
; An important part of the initialization procedure is the subroutine CHCK (block 315) shown in more detail in Figure 21a Subroutine CHCK is used to detect errors that cause non-correspondence in the meter funding registers. If the sum of the descending and ~cen~ing registers minus the control sum register does not equal zero (block 801), the CHCK routine turns the "call PB service" indicator lamp on (block 804), and disables th, meter from print:ing postage. If the xegisters properly correspond (block 802) the subroutine will branch back via line 803. Thi~
subroutine is very novel with reaards to postage meter operation, since this is the first time a postage meter has had the capability of monitoring its own funding registers.
Figure 22 depicts the flow chart for subroutine INRAM, which can be found in the appended program at the instruction address/142.
- 59 ~

, ~ . - .

,. :. :
- ' ,. . ' -. ~
~, . .

1(1776Z3 The subroutine INRAM transers data from the non-volatile shift re~ister memory into working area in RAM.
CPU index regi~ters are initialized (block 317) to specify input and output ports operatively connected to the shift register memory, and to specify RAM memory locations where this data is ~o be stored. The output of the shift register memory is read through an input port (~lock 318), written into RAM (block 319) and written out on an output port to the shift register memory (block 320). The shift register is then clocked (block 321) to access the next memory word. The index register specifyiny RAM
address is incremented (block 322) in preparation for storing the next word. A counter is checked to see if transfer of data is co~plete (block 373). If not, a branch is made back into the program (line 325) to pick up the next sequential word. When transfer of data is complete, the INRAM subroutine branche~ back via block 324.
Figure 23 illustrates the flow chart for the subroutine DOWN, which can be found in the appended program at the instruction address/15A. As aforementioned, the DO~ subroutine is a procedure for saving the contents of the memory (transfer RAM contents to the non-volatile memory) in the event of a power failure or normal turn off.
This routine is entered from the SCAN routine only when an ing power failure has been detected.
CPU index registers are initialized (bloc~ 327) to specify location of working area in R~, and to specify input and output ports connected with the shift register memory. ~ data word from RAM is read ~block 328), then written out to the shift register memory (block 3291. A clock pulse to the shift register (block 330) enters the data in_o memory. The RAM address is - 60 ~

' , , ' ' incremented (block 331) and a test made on a counter to determine if everything has been transferred (block 332). If not, the program loops back (line 333) to transfer another data word to the shif~
register. When the transfer of data has been completed, the loo~
is terminated via (line 334) and a "turn off" signal is written to the shift register memory (block 335), The ~luyl~llthen loops in a trap (336). A comPlete ~Ipower-up~ sequence is needed to get back into the ,,UL UyL ~111.
The subroutine HOME is flow charted as shown in Figure 24, and has a ,UlUyL~II address/174 m e HOME routine is part of the aforementioned initialization ~UL~Ce~uL~ for the meter. It sets the print wheels to zero to establish a reference for subsequent setting ~perations~ The only position of the print wheels that can be directly read by the system is the ~ ~zero) position. mis position is de~Prm;n~ by monitoring the wells 107a, b, c, d, respectively, by detecting the slot (zero position) in slotted wheels 105a, b, c, d, res~ectively (Figure 4a).
An index register is init;Ali7e~ (block 337~ to specify the location of the Meter Setting Register 307, Figure 6, Subroutine CLR
of Figure 47 selects the first set of ~hoLo~ells (block 338), The Meter Setting Register 307 is cleared (block 339) and the every step photocell llOa of Figure 4a is read tblock 340), If on a print step, (block 341) the ~l~yL~II proceeds (via line 342) to select the printer bank (block 343).
Monitoring wells (102 and 103, respectively monitoring the solenoids 60 and 70, of Figure 3) are read and checked against the selected bank (block 344). If no contradiction exists, the ollowing operation (via line 345) is selecting the next photocell bank and reading the monitoring well ~107a, b, c, d, respectively of Figure 4) corresponding to that bank to aetermune if the respective .

:
.
- . : : . -.
- .: - -: . , , ~)776Z3 slotted disc (105a, b, c, d, respectively of Figure 4a) i~dicate~
the selected print w}-eel is at the ~ero position (block 346).
The CLR routine (block 347~ is al3ain used to select the first photocell bank. If the print wheel corresponding to the selected printer bank is not at zaro (block 348), the print wheel is given one full printer step (block 354) corresponding to changing the setting of the print wheel by one unit towards zero. If no error is flagged in the step routine, the loop is re-entered via line 355 to again check for the zero position of the print wheel.
This procedure is used to determine if the wheel needs another print step to reach zero~ The loop is terminated via line 349, when the selected print wheel is at zero. If all four printer banks have not yet been set to zero, block 351 is exited via line 352 to block 343 where the next printer bank is selected. Setting the next print wheel to zero is done in the aforementioned manner.
When all printer banks have been set to zero, the fifth position photocell (llOb of Figure 4a) is read (block 354). It should indicate a fifth position slot. If this is so, the HOME subroutine is t~r~inated via line 356 through a branch back (block 360).
Should any error be flagged, such as a photocell not indicating a mechanical response to a given signal, the error routine (block 359) is called via lines 364, 368, and 35~, respectively.
If reading the every step photocell (block 341) at th~
beginning of the routine, does not show the printer to be at a full printer step, half a print step is generated (block 3621 to align the main gear 51 with the tooth profile~ 68, 68' on the yoke 63 of Figure 4b. This procedure frees the yoke, so th2t it can move to select the printer banks.
Figure 25 illustrates the SCAN routine having a program address of/OlD. The primary purpose of the SCAN routine is to process keyboard inputs to the meter. The routine rejects multiple .

~,o776Z3 key depressions, (except for the print photocell input which is given priority over other inputs of the keyboard) and debounces the key input. When a single key depression is read for three successive scans, the routine generates an address in a look-up table where the address of the routine corresponding to that particular key is stored. The routine contains operations preparatory to, and following, the servicing of the key via FCTN (Figure 26). A secondary function of the SCAN routine is multiplexing the numeric display 115 of Figures lb and lc.
Index registers are initialized (block 369) to specify display address, length of various counting loops, and I/~ ports.
Display blanking is determined (block 370) by e~m; n; ng the most significant digits of the display for leading zeros and storing an indicator. A bit is loaded into the multiplexer shift register 20 of Pigure 15 to start the multiplexer (block 371). A display character is read from the display register in ~AM and written out to ~he decoder driver 183 (Figure 18). The display is unblanked, if the character is not a leading zero. The keyboard input is then read and processed as per block 373 ~see Figure 38 for a detail~
description). A delay rou~ine (block 382) is entered to allow sufficient time for di~play. A check (block 384) is made to determine if the "power-down" sequence should be initiated. I
not, the display is blanked and the multiplexer clocked to select the next display digit and set o~ keyboard inputs (block 388).
A check (block 389~ is made to see if the loop has been completed.
If not, the loop ~s re-entered via line 390, the next display digit is written out, and the next set of keyboard inputs is read in. Upon completion of the .oop, a check is made (line 391) to see if a valid priori~y input (print photocell) has been sensed ~block 1200). If so, ~he LD~MP register 206 of Figure 8 is cleared (block 1202) via line 1201. Next, the POST subroutine is ~776Z3 initi.ltcd via bloc~ 1203. ~pOIl coMpletion of the POST
subroutille, ~lock 399 is entered, and the accumulator contents are stored in tl-e status flag 311 of Pigure 8. Thc routine continues via blocks 400-402 as will be described hereinafter.
If no priority input has been read, a check is made (via line 1204) to see if a valid ~ey depression has been sensed (block 392). If so, a batch indicator 305 (FIG. 8) is stored (block 396) (this indicator shows if the last operation had been calling a batch register into the display - this indicator is used in the CLEAR routine of Figure 34). An address of a location in a look-up table is generated from the "ROW" and "COL~MN" words.* The LDLMP register 206 of Figure 8 is cleared (block 397), because a routine called by the selected key may require that different indicator lamps be selected. A
branch to the keyboard function is made in block 398. Upon return to the SC~N routine, the accumulator contents are stored in the status flag 311 of Figure 8 tblock 399), which is used to identify the last perEormed operation. This is necessary, because some keyboard functions are dependent on the previous ~unction per-formed. The descending register is compared to the meter setting register 307 of Figure 6 (block 400~ to generate the "low postage and "no postage" indications on the indicator panel 116 of Figure lc .
The meter checks its funding registers (block 401) as per the CHCK routine of Figure 21a. The selected lamps are then tusned on (402) and the beginning of the SCAN routine re-entered via line 403. If a valid key had not been read after reading the last bank *The "Row word" is the information read into the input port 29 from the keyboard 34. The "Column word" identifies acti~e multiple output, i.e. the bank of keys selected by the multiplexer.
(Also refer to discussion with respect to Figure 16.) . :
- : . . .
- : , : ~ ~ - - : : :

~077~Z3 of keys, re-~ntry would have bcen made from decision block 392 via line 393. If a "power do~n" condition would have been sensed in block 384, a branch via line 385 would have been made to the DOWN routine of block 386.
Figure 26 is a chart of the subroutines called for through FTCN (program address/2C4). FCTN is a generalized entry point into the subroutines called by the k~ys. When a valid key is detected, an address in a look-up table in ROM is generated from the "ROW~
and "COLUMN" words. This location contains the address of the subroutine corresponding to the key. FCTN jumps to this address and executes the specified subroutine. The chart in Figure 26 specifies all the keys and the labels of the subroutines called.
Figure 27 illustrates a subroutine for entering numbers into the display register from the keyboard. Each of the multiple entry points correspond to a particular digit.
Upon entry to this routine, a number is generated corresponding to the entry point, and thus to the particular key calling the routine (block 427). This number is temporarily stored (block 428) while the status flag 311 (Figure B) is checked to det~rmi ne if the previous keyboard operation was entering a digit (block 429). If not, the display is cleared (block 431) before continuing. The contents of the display are shifted left tblock 432) and the new number entered on the right. The UNLOCK
flag 309 (Figure ~) is set to zero (block 434), and a branch back with ACC=l is initiated (block 435). The 1 is used to flag this operation in the status flag 311.
Figure 28 shows the subroutine S~T having a program address /2C8. The SET routine has basically two modes of operation: 1) it ., _ sets the meter print wheels to the value entered into the display via the keyboard, and 2) if the display contents are not from the keyboard, the last setting value is recalled. This value i~

~ (~77G23 displayed and t~e meter enab1ed, if sufficient postage is available for printing the amoullt of the setting.
Index registers are initialized (block 513) to set up the CHECK routine (block 514). The C~IECK routine examines the contents of the display for $1.00 or more. The status flag 311 (Figure 8) is next examined to determine if numerical entry from the keyboard is in the display (block 515). If so, the CH~CK routine then looks for a value of $100.00 in the display (block 518). If the value is both less than $100.00 ~block 519) and less then $1.00 (block 525) the routine proceeds to set the meter (block 533), enable the meter (block 534), clear the ADD register 210 of ~iyure 7 (block 539) and branch back (block 540). If $1.00 or more is in the display, the UNLOCK flag 309 of Figure 8 is checked. If flagged, setting the meter would continue as before via line 532. If the $ UNLOCK has not been flagged, an indicator light showing "$ UNLOCK" would go on (block 529) and a branch back would be (block 530) made without ever setting the meter. If the amount in the display is greater than $99.99 an error would be indicated (block 522), because the meter, being a four bank meter, cannot set to a ~alue that is higher than $99.99.
The second mode of operation occurs where the contents of the display have not been entered by the keyboard (block 516). In that case, the display is cleared (block 536), the meter setting put into the display (block 537), and the meter is enabled if sufficient postage is available in the ~chine (block 534). The ADD register 210 is then cleared (block 539) as before, and the routine branches back (block 540).
Figure 29 depicts the subroutine UNLCK having a program address/266. The UNLCK routine se's the $ UNLOCK flag 309 of ~776Z3 Figure 8, (block 492), if the previous function executed was that oE
en.ering a number into the dis~lay ~lock 490). The $ UMLOCK flag is used to enable the printer, if -the setting is $1.00 or more o.f postage. In such a case, there is a branch back with ACC=l (block 493).
Figure 30 illustrates the flcw chart 30 for the ~ubL~uLLne _ having a ~ yL~II address/29A. m e POST routine updates the meter registers each time postage is printed. mis occ~rs when the photocell 99 (Figure 3) detects the slot 100 in the disc 98 ll~wl~d on the drum shait 57. This signifies a drun rotation, and hence, the printing of postage.
l'he ascending register 816 (200) of Figure 6, and the batch an~mt register 819, are incremented by the amount in the meter setting register 307 (MSR) (see block 470 and 471). The piece count 817 and batch count 820 also of Figure 6 are in~ lLed by 1 ~locks 472 and 473), and the descending register 815 is de~ ed by the amount in the meter setting register (block 474). The ENBLE routine (block 475) det~rmin~ if the printer may be enabled for a subsequent print of the same amount. The routine is then t~rm;n~ted (block 476).
Figure 33 illustrates the flow chart for the PLUS subroutine having a p~y,~ll address/27E. The _LUS routine adds the ~ollLenLs of the display to the ADD register 210 (Figure 7), the puts back the result in both the display and the register. This allows chain addition of a series of numbers entered via the keyboard This routine is s~ nn~ when the "-" button 117 is de~ressed on the keyboard (Figures 5 and 5a~.
This routine provides the capability of adding ~n~ ry charges to the main postage, such as insurance, special delivery postage, etc.
Index registers are initialized to specify the registers co~cerned (block 496). The status flag 311 of Figure 8 (block 497) ~n.

:
.

~0776Z3 is fetched to determine if the contents of the display are from the m ~ r;c~l entry of the keyboard (block 498), If so, block 500 is entered. me ADD register 210 (Figure 7) and display (DISP) register 208 (Figure 8) are added together and the result placed back in both registers. If no overflcw occurs (block 505), a branch back is made (block 510). If an overflow has been detected, an error message via line 506 is flagged (block 507) before br~n~hin~ back (block 508). If the PLUS routine had been called without the previous operation having been from the numerical entry of the keyboard, a branch back (block 508) would have been made via line 511 without performing any operation.
Figure 34 sho~s the flow chart for the subroutine CLE~R
having a pruyr~l, address/23D, The CLEAR routine ~erforms the following functions: (1) clears the display; 2) recalls contents of the "ADD"
register 210 (Figure 7) into the display; 3) clears the "ADD" register 210 on the second successive clear; and 4) clears batch registers 819 and 820 (Figure 6) if either register is displayed at the time the CLEAR routine is called, The display register 208 (Figure 8) and the $ UNLOCK flag 309 (Figure 8) are cleared ~block 477 and 478), The status word 311 (Figure 8) is ~l.e~hed (block 479) to see if the previous operation had been the CLEAR routine. If not, block 482 is entered, C~I~L~n~ of the "~DD"
register 210 are transferred to the display (DISP) register 208 (~..L~ s of the "ADD" register are nonzero only when in the process of adding up a series o numbers) using the = key 117 of Figure Ib. The effect of the clear key 118 in this case~ is to clear a key~oard entry and recall into the numerical display 115, the subtotal up to that point~
The addition process may be continued upon entry of the next nun~er, The "LDLMP" area 206 (Figures 8 and 8a~ is cleared (block 484). l'he batch flat 305 bm.

, : ' ~ . ' ~ ' ' lQ77623 is checkcd (block ~85) to see if the previous keyboard operation was calling either of the two batch registers lnto the display (batch sum or batch count). If not, a branch to the main program is made (block 488). If so, line 486 is taken to block 487~ The batch registers are cleared before returning to the main program ~block 488).
If the previous keyboard operation had been CLEAR as per decision block 479, the "ADD" register 210 would have been cleared via line 480 to block 481, before entering block 482.
Figure 35 shows a subroutine for calling register contents into the numeric display 115 of Figures lb and lc. This routine has six entry points corresponding to six meter registers which can be called into the display. Its purpose is to load the display with th~
contents of the specified meter register, and to turn on the indicator lamp corresponding to the selected register~ ~
The meter register being called is specified by the entry point into the routine (block 420). Both the display tDISP) and addition (ADD) registers 208 and 210, respectively (Figures 8 and 7) are cleared (blocks 421 and 422). Then the FETCH
routine of Figure 41 is called. This initializes index registers to specify the meter register being called. The indicator lamp corresponding to the specified meter register is selected by writing a bit in the appropriate word in the LDLMP area 206 of RAM(2)18 (block 424). The contents of the specified register are then written into the display resister 208 (block 425), and a branch back initiated via block 426.
Figure 36 illustrates the flow chart for the subroutine ENBLE having a program address/100. The subroutine ENBLE
generates the signal for the printer enabling solenoid. The ENBLE routine first calls C~AR (block 736) which compares the .
:' :

meter s~tting r~gister 307 of Figure 6 against the descending regist~r 815 (block 737). If the descending register is greater than or equal to the meter setting, an enabling bit is put into the LDLMP area 205 ~block 739) (see Figure 8a, word 8D, bit 4) before branching back ~block 740). Otherwise, a branch back is made directly from block 737 via line 741.
Figure 37 relates to a flow chart for the ERROR subroutine having a program address/133. The ERROR routine is used to flag certain errors. The error message is contained in the accumulator at the time th~ ERROR routine is called. The most significant (leftmost) place in the display register 208 (block 716) is selected and the contents of the accumulator (block 717) is written into the display register before branching back (block 718) to the main program.
Figure 38 shows a flow chart for the portion of the SCAN
routine of Figure 25 ~hich is referred to as SCANX (see block 373 of Figure 25). The SCANX procedure is used to debounce the keys check for a valid key depression, and a valid priority input (print photocell). The four input lines from the keyboard matrix (Figure 16) generate what will be hereinafter referred to as the "ROW" word. A number corresponding to the actiYe output of the multiplexer (Figures 15, 16) will be herein-after referred to as the "COL~MN" word. A nonzero "ROW" word and "COLUMN" word identify a particular activated key in the keyboard matrix. The term "count" word as used herein is defined as the number of times the same key depress on has been successively read.
The detailed operation of reading the keyboard follows:
If the multiplexer (MPX) has se'ected an output connected to the keyboard ~block 374), made (line 375~ a check is to detenmine if the priority "key" is beina de~ected (decision block 1210).
If it is being read~ then decision block 1211 is entPred to determine if there is a priority input (if zero, there is 70 _ .

: ~ , 1~7~f~23 no input~. The priority "k~" has its own cowlter. If the "priority count" word~ shows sufficient scans to indicate postage is being printed, the "priority count" is incremented (block 1212). Subsequent scans will not provide a postage print out, even if the postage print ke~ remains depressed.
If the priority "key" is zero, block 1214 is entered, and the priority counter is set to zero. This allows for a new postage printing to take place as soon as the priority key is validated (sufficiently scanned). After the priority "key"
is serviced (or not serviced as the case may be), block 376 is entered. The scan routine now considers non-priority key inputs. The "~OW" word is read. If not zero (block 377), the keyboard process instruction is used to detect multiple keyboard depressions in the group of four input lines being read. If the "COLUMN" word is the same as that of a previous scan (blocks 406 and 407), and only one key is pressed, (blocks 409 and 410), the last "ROW" word is compared with the present one (block 395). If both are the same, the "COUNT" word is incremented (block 416). Block 392 in the SCAN routine of Figure 25 uses this number to decide when to branch to a selected routine. If the "COLUMN" (block 407) and "ROW"
(block 409) words are not the same as in the previous scan, or more than one key is pressed (block 410), the "COUNT" word is reset to zero (block 381) starting a new count sequence, before a new key will be recognized. If the multiplexer (MPX) is not selecti a group of keys, or if the "ROW" word is zero but the "COLUMNn word is different from that stored from the previous pass, the keyboard processing is bypassed via line 387.

*"priority count" word is defined as the number of times the priority key has been read.

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~0776Z3 Figure 39 de~icts the flow chart for the LDLMP subroutine having a program address/l0~. The LDL~ routine transfers data in the LDLMP register 206 of Figures 8 and 8a to the shift registers 21 and 22 of Figure ld. These shift registers drive the lamp display (section 116 of Figure lc).
Index registers are initialized (block 663) to specify the LDLMP register 206. The first word of the register is read (block 664) and temporarily stored (block 665). The O~TPT routine (block 666) enters the 4 bit word into the shift register in a serial manner. If the last word had not been serviced by the OUTPT routine, the routine jumps back via line 668 and gets the next sequential word in the LDLMP register 206. The routine branche~
back (block 670) after the last word has been outputted.
Figure 40 illustrates the flow chart for the subroutine OUTPT having a program address/114. The OVTPT routine is called by the LDLMP routine. Its purpose is to output a 4 bit word in serial manner into a shift register.
First, index registers (for counting and for specifying ports) are initialized (block 671). The output word is loaded into the accumulator (block 672), and then rotated right to store a bit in the carry (block 673). The rP~-; ni ng bits are stored (block 674). A clock pulse bit is loaded into the accumulatox (block 675) and rotated left to bring in the bit stored in the carry and to bring the clock pulse bit into position tblock 676). The data is then written out to the shift register (block 677). If not at the end of the sequence (block 678) a jump back to block 672 is made via line 679 so as to output the next bit.
If the sequence is finished, a branch back is made per block 681.
Figure 41 shows a flow char~ for the subroutine FETCH having a program address/OBD. The PE CH routine is used to initiali2e 1(~776;23 C~U index re(Jisters with data from a look-up table specifying a particular meter register (block 7~0). The FETCH routine affords some economy in instruction count.
The accun~ulator is loaded with a number corresponding to the desired meter register before the call to "FETCH" is made.
The FETCH routine first generates from the contents of the accumulator, an address specifying the location of the desired data.
Then, the starting address of the selected meter register is loaded into an index register pair (block 731). The lamp display word address is loaded into another index register pair (block 732), and tile lamp display word itself is loaded into an index register (block 733). The starting address of SETNG
("number meter set to" register 211 of Figure 6) is put into yet another index register pair (block 734) before branching back as per block 735.
Figure 42 depicts a flow chart for the subroutine CMPAR
having a program address/450. Subroutine CMPAR compares the meter setting register 307 (Figure ~) with the descending register 81S
of Figure 6. There are three conditions which are considered:

1) descending register ~ $100.00 (block 747 - uncondi-tionally larger than meter setting) 2) $100.00 ~ descending register ~ meter setting (blocks 747 and 749) 3) meter setting ~ descending register (block 749) These conditions are respectively flagged by the contents of the accumulator upon branch back to the main program, i.e. branch back is made with ACC=0, 2, 3, depending upon which one of the aforementioned conditions is observed (see blocks 754, 755 and 751, respectively). The overall objective of this routine is to check the funding available (descending resister) as against the called :
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1077~Z3 for postage (meter setting register) to be prillted. If not enough funds are available to print postage, the printer will not be enabled.
Figure 43 illustrates the flow chart for the subroutine CHECX having a program address/138. The CHECK routine is used to determine if the contents of a meter register exceeds a specified amount by testing high order digits to see if they are nonzero.
An index register is initialized with an address in the meter register corresponding to the higher order digits being chec~ed, before the CHECK routine is called. The carry is cleared (block 719 and the location specified by the address is read ~block 720).
If zero (block 721), the address is incremented (block 723), and the next higher order digit is read (block 720 via line 727).
Any non-zero digit causes the carry to be set (block 725).
Branch back occurs (block 729) at the end of the sequence (block 726). A carry equal to zero indicates that all specified higher order digits were zero. A carry equal to 1 indicates at least one of these digits was nonzero.
Figure 44 shows a flow chart for the subroutine ADDD
having a program address/129. The ADDD routine adds the SETNG
register 211 o~ Figure 6 to a specified meter register, and write~
the result back in the specified meter register. The meter register is specified by the contents of an index register initialized prior to calling the ADDD routine.
The carry (CPU) is cleared (block 705) before cA1lin~
subroutine ADDl which adds a SETNG register digit to a meter register digit (block 706). Then, the SETNG address is incremented (block 707), and a test made for the end of the loop (block 708).
If the loop has not been completed, the next digits in each -'~ ' : -:

~077~23 register are added together via line 709. At the end of the sequence, ADD2 is entered (block 711). ADD2 propagates the carry through the longer meter reglster. After completing this (block 712) a branch back to the main routine is made via block 715.
Figure 45 depicts a flow chart for the subroutine ADDl;
ADD2 having program address/120;/123. The ADDl routine adds a digit from the SETNG register 211 of Figure 6 to a digit from a meter register, decimal ad~usts the result (binary to BCD conver-sion), and wrltes it back into the meter register.
A second entry point tADD2) allows propagation of a carry through a meter register by adding a zero to the digit, decimal adjusting, and writing back in.
This routine adds one pair of digits at a time and is called repeatedly to add two registers together (see subroutine ADDD).
Figure 46 relates to subroutine CLDSP; C~EER having a proyram address/25E;/260. CLDSP writes zeros into the display area.
CLEER writes zeros into an area specified by a preset index register An index register is initialized to specify the display register (block 698). A zero is written into this location (block 693), the address incremented (block 696) and the next sequential location is cleared (block 694) until the clear operation is complete (loop 695). A branch back (block 699) to the calling routine is made upon completion thereof.
Figure 47 shows a flow chart for the subroutine CLR having a program address/lL9. Subroutine CL~ clears the photocell multi-plexer 23 of Figure ld /b'ock 742) and then selects the first set of photocells (every step, fifth step, solenoid monitoring photo-cells) as per block 743. Branch back is per block 744.
Figure 48 shows a flcw chart for the subroutine STPB
having a program address/300. The STPB routine is called by the .

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S T routine of Figur~ 28 to operate setting mechanism solenoids 60 and 70 of Figure 3. ~his routine controls the solenoids so as to select a particular printer bank by bringing the master gear drive 51 (Figure 3) into engagement with one of the respective spur gears 53a, 53b, 53c, 53d (Figure 3).
An index register used in the SET routine conveys infor-mation as to which printing bank is to be selected (block 627).
A series of tests (blocks 628, 629, 630, respectively) det~rrinp which one of the four printer banks a, b, c, d, is selected.
If, for example, bank b were selected, block 631 would be entered which requires both solenoids to be actuated. This is done by loading the appropriate bits (two l's in this case) into the shift register (element 24 of Figure ld). After the solenoids are selected, a delay routine (block 635) provides time for the -hani ~m of the printer to respond to the electrical signals. Photocells (102 and 103 of Figure 3) monitoring the position of the solenoids are then read (blocX 636) and compared with what they are expected to read (block 637). If the reading is in correspondence, a branch back with a zero in the accumulator (block 640) is made. Otherwise, an error is fiagged (line 641) by branching back as per block 642 with the accumulator s/B.
A bank "c" selection (decision block 628) will require that both solenoids be deactuated (block 644). Banks d or a will require one or the other of the solenoids to be actuated (blocks 646 or 648).
Figure 49 illustrates a flow chart ~or the subroutine ZEROB having a program address/~53. Subroutine ZEROB reads photocells 107a, b, c, d, of Figure 4a, which detects the zero positions of the print wheels of the printer. ~he reading from a selected bank is placed into the carry bit of the accumulatos.

.

' 1~776Z3 Tl-e second photocell set is selected by clocking the photocell multiplexer (block 649). A slight delay (block 650) allows time for the photocells to respond. A series chain of decision blocks (~51, 652 and 653) is entered to determine from preset status characters, which of the photocell readings (banks a, b, c or d) is to be selected. If for example, bank a were selected, the photocells would be read (block 654a) and the data shifted in the CPU accumulator until the photocell bit corre-sponding to bank a is in the carry bit (block 655a). A branch back (block 656) then follows.
Figure 50 relates to the flow chart for subroutine SETX
having a program addressj37E. The SETX routine is that portion of the SET subroutine of Figure 28, that performs the detailed setting of the print wheels to the value shown in the display.
Index registers are initialized (block 546~ to specify the display register 208 (Figure 8) address and the meter setting register (MSR) 307 (Figure 6) address. The contents of the display are transferred to the meter setting register (block 541). The numbe~ to be set (~SR) is compared with the previous number i.e., with "number meter set to" register 211 of Figure 6 (SETNG).
This is accomplished digit by digit (block 547). If not the same, the motor direction flag 215 (FIG. 9) is initialized as per block 556 (direction det~r~;nPd by which number is greater [MSR digit or SETNG digit]) ancl the difference between the numbers is stored. The new number ~MSR) is then written into the previous number area (SETN
as per block 553. The printer is set to the appropriate bank for the digit being considered (block 558). If the ban~ selection mechanism does not respond, photocells detect an error. If no error line 562 is taken to block 563. One step in the appropriate direc-tion is taken, and a check s made to ascertain if there is a steppi - :
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:

1~'77623 error (bloc~ 564). If no error has been flagged, the fifth position flag 21~ (FIG. 9) is updated (block 567). If the flag indicates that the photocell ~llOb of Figurc 4a) should be seeing the fifth positior slot, (block 572) the photocell is read (block 574). If it verifies that the motor is on a fifth step ~block 575), a check is made to see if the proper number of steps has been counted off (line 577 to block 580). If not, a return via line 587 is taken to block 563 (STEP). The above procedure is then repeated. When the selected print wheel has been fully stepped to its new pOSition~
and if the position is zero (block 584), the ZE~OB subroutine is called (block 586) to read the zero position photocells. This is to verify if in fact, the selected print wheel is at zero (decision block 587). If so, the photocell multiplexer is restored to selecting the first bank (block 589). The flags used in the STPB
routine are cleared via line 590 to block 592. If not the last bank to be set (block 594), a braanch back via line 595 is made to co~pare the next new number digit with the previous number digit.
The setting process is then repeated. If any bank does not have to be altered (decision block 549) the setting process for that particular bank is bypassed via line 604. If the last bank had been selected in block 594, the setting mechanism is returned to the ~first bank) rest position (block 597). If no error is detected (block 598) in returning to the rest position, the ENBLE routine is called (block 600) which enables the meter if a sufficient amount of postage is avaLlable in the descending register. The "ADDn register 210 (Figure 7) is cleared (block 601), before br~n~hin9 back (block 602~. Any error in stepping the motor SO (Figure 3) or bank selection causes a branch to the error routine (block 561) which causes an error message to be placed in the display.

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~;77623 Figure 51 relates to the fl~ chart for the STEP routine, having a ~L~yL~I! a~dress/lC7. The S'l~ subroutine changes the setting of a selected print .~heel of the printer of Figure 3 by one unit. The flag for motor dir2ction is set up before calling the S'rEP routine.
N~rm~lly, the motor starts from a STEP reference position. On start-up, the motor word* (1001) is written out which turns the motor and puts the monitoring wheel 109 (Figure 3) of the motor in either a "Sl~" or "H~LF-STEP" reference position. m e "~very step" photocell 110a of Figures 3 and 4a sensing the wheel 109 position is read. If it indicates that the Dtor wheel 109 is on a "HALF-STEP" reference position, the motor is advanced half a step. From that point on, the STEP routine Fulses the ~lotor in in~L~~ s of eight motor words, i.e.
from one "STEP" rereren oe position to a sl7~c~e~;ng "STEP" reference position, Index re~isters are initialized (bloc~ 605) to specify look-up table addresses when the motor word pattern for "Sl~-UP" and "STEæ-DOWN" is stored. The output port to the motor drivers is selected (block 606). A sta.us character 215 of Figure 9 is read to determine the direction the rotor is to be stepped (block 607), The d~Lu~Lia-te motor word is load~d ~blocks 611 or 612) then written out (block 613).
A delay loop is en.ered ~lock 614) to give the motor time to L~u~d.
If not at the end OL- the loop (block 548), a return via line 550 is made to blcc~ 607 to get the next bit ~,a~Lel.l, (There are four di~L~ L bit patterns per half-step,) After the fourth word is written out, the "every step" photocell 110a of Figure 43 is read (block 615). On the first pass through this routine, the monitoring wheel should have sone from "STEP" to "~LF-STEP" reference positions. The *The bit pattern corresponding to energizing or deenergizing st.epper motor coils is referred to as the "motor word'l. There are eight "motor ~rds'~ for each step, ~ld four " tor words" for each half-step of the mDtor. (See APPENDIU~ B for a discussion of motor operation).

.- " ' , ~ ~ ' ' ' : ' :

1~776;23 photocell (block 618) is read to verify that it is on a "HALF-STEP" (photocell should be blocked by a tooth on slotted monitoring wheel 109 [Figure 3]). If on a half step, re-entry to block 605 is made via line 621 to re-enter the routine to write out four more words. The monitor wheel should now be on a full "STEP"
again. Photocell llOa is read (block 620) to verify the full step position. Then there is a branch back (block 626). If at ~ny place the photocell doesn't agree with what is should be, there is a branch back with an error message (lc) as per block 623.

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' :' :' : ~ ' '' ' 1C~776Z3 APE~ENDIUM A
Comments on the Postase ~eter Program Printout The representation of some of the instructions has been sli~htly altered from those representations Intel uses in their Users Manual (copyright ~arch 1972, Rev. 2). Double instructions are printed on two lines, rather than one. The second line contains data or an address associated with the double word instruction. Data, numbers, and addresses are generally given in hexadecimal notation, rather than the decimal and octal notation found in the Users Manual. The following list indicates the format of instructions which differ from the format in the Vsers Manual. "D" indicates data in hexadecimal notation.
"R" represents an index register number in hexadecimal.
Reference should be made to the Users Manual for a complete description of the instructions.

PROGRAM
MNEMONIC REPRESENTATION COMMENTS

LDM LDM+D
LD LD +R
XCH XCH~R
ADD ADD+R
SUB SUB+R
INC INC+R
BBL BBL+D
ISZ ISZ~R
JCN JCN+TZ where condition i9 TEST = 0 JCN+AZ where condition is ACCUMULATOR - 0 JCN+AN where condition is ACCUMULATOR ~ 0 JCN+CZ where condition is CARRY = 0 JCN~CN wnere condition is CARRY ~ 0 JIN JINtR
SRC SRC+R R is even, refers to register FIN FIN+R pair R, R+l FI~ FIM+R

- 31 ~

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~077623 INTERP~,TATION OF l'llE CO~UT~ BRINTOUT

STATEMENT
NUMBER r COMMENTS

_ l01116ll*SUBROUTINE ADP 30 JAN 74 01117 *RO~TINE TO ADD POSTAGE TO METER (BOT~
01118 *DESCENDING REGISTER AND CONTROL SUM) , HEXADECIMAL REPRESENTATION OF
INSTRUCTION ADDRESS
~ACHINE INSTRUCTION IN HEXADECIMAL
- STATE~ENT NUMBER
-LABEL OF INSTRUCTION
- INSTRUCTION IN MNEMONIC FORM
- COMMENTS

1 ~ 0 8 ~ ~ ~ DC iFI~+/C~

1402 0 802D 01121 DC SRC+~C
1403 0 80EC 01122 DC RCD (B) READ STATUS CHARACTER
1404 0 80F6 01123 DC RAR CHECK FOR XXXl 1405 0 801A 01124 DC JCN+CZ

1407 0 802E 01126 DC FIM+/S

1409 0 806F 01128 RTNl DC INC+/F DETERMINE NUMBER OF CHARACTEt 140A 0 802D 01129 DC SRC+/C IN DISPLAY140B 0 80E9 01130 DC RDM
140C 0 8014 01131 DC JCN+AZ

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' .~PP~NDIUM B

Description of the stepping Motor Operation The stepping motor 50 (Figure 3, 4a) has four driving coils, two of which are energized at a time. The motor rotates one increment (motor step) when the pattern of energized coils changes. The schematic of the motor driving circ-litry is shown in Figure 19.
In the following table, "1" will represent an energized coil, "0" will represent a de-energized coil. The stepping sequences are as follows: The "STEP-UP" sequence turns the motor in such a direction as to increase the meter setting, the "STEP-DOWN" sequence decreases the meter setting. The bit pattern corresponding to energized and de-energized coi1s will be referred to as the "MOTOR WORD".
TABLE
MOTOR WORD MOTOR WO~D
(STEP-UP) (STEP-DOWN) TI~ PERIODS Coil 1 Coil 2 Coil 3 Coil 4 Coil 1 Coil 2 Coil 3 Coil 4 ~To~ 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 Half 1 1 1 1 0 0 T2 Step o 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 T 1 0 0 1 i 0 0 One ~ 4~
Full T 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 Step 5 To 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 ~To~ T~') is the "rest~ state where the motor .~ -;ns when it is not being stepped. When stepping, T - T 1 ~ delay in the stepping routine ISTEP, Figure 51). The gears coupling the motor to the print wheels are such that a sequen~e of motor steps as above - 83 ~

10776;23 (from To to To~) will change the meter setting by a single unit in the selected bank. A slotted wheel 109 (Figure 3) is coupled to the motor such that when the motor is at To (or Tol) the photocell llOa (Figure 3) sees a slot, and at the T time period the photocell sees a tooth. Thus, in changing the print mechanism by one digit the photocell should see a slot-tooth-slot sequence.
This provides a means of monitoring the stepping sequence to verify motor operation.

' -~0~77623 It will be appreciatcd by those skilled in the postagemeter art, that a new postage meter system has been disclosed herein. As a resu~t of the Many new concepts and novelties thereby introduced, it is probable that many modifications of any obvious nature will occur to the skilled practitioner in this art. All such obvious changes are intended to be within the spirit and scope of this invention as presented by the appended claims.

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Claims (40)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. A method of funding a postage meter with a variable amount of postage, said postage meter being remote from a data center and having means for condition-ing said postage meter to operate in either a first mode wherein the user of the postage meter can select an amount of postage to be printed or a second mode wherein the user can recharge the postage meter with a variable amount of postage and a funding register means which is rechargeable with an additional variable amount of postage, the method comprising the steps of:
a) establishing communication with a data center funding computer;
b) entering into the data center funding computer data identifying the postage meter to be funded;
c) entering into the data center funding computer data representing a desired variable amount of postage to be entered into said funding register means of said postage meter;
d) processing said data representing the desired variable amount of postage to generate a unique combination which varies as a function of the entered postage data;
e) conditioning the meter for operation in said second mode;
f) entering the postage data and the unique combination from the data center into the postage meter;

g) processing the entered combination in said postage meter; and h) causing said funding register means to be recharged with the desired variable amount of postage.

2. A method for use in conjunction with a data center equipped to process transmissions from remotely located users of postage meters, each of said postage meters having means for preparing the postage meter to accept and process a recharging combination which varies as a function of a variable amount of postage desired to be entered into a funding register means of the postage meter, and means for operating the postage meter in either a first mode wherein the user of the postage meter can select an amount of postage to be printed or a second mode wherein the user can recharge the postage meter with a desired variable amount of postage, said data center being further equipped with a programmed computer and an answer-back unit, said method comprising the steps of:
a) establishing a communication link between the data center and a user of a postage meter;
. b) receiving from said user of the postage meter, data uniquely identifying the postage meter to be funded and the desired variable amount of postage to be entered into said postage meter;
c) processing the identification data for authenticity;

d) processing the desired variable postage amount data to generate a combination for entry into said postage meter;
e) transmitting to the user of the identified postage meter via the answer-back unit, the generated combination for entry into said postage meter;
f) entering the desired variable postage amount into said postage meter;
g) entering the generated combination into the postage meter;
h) processing the generated combination in said postage meter; and i) recharging the funding register means with the desired amount of postage.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of:
j) updating, in the data center computer, a record of the postage meter of said user.

4. A method of funding a postage meter, said postage meter being remote from a data center, and being operable in either a first mode wherein the user of the postage meter can select an amount of postage to be printed or a second mode wherein the user can recharge the postage meter with a variable amount of postage, said postage meter having a rechargeable funding register means, the method comprising the steps of:
a) conditioning the postage meter to operate in said second mode;

b) selecting at least two numbers having a pseudo-random relationship to each other;
c) entering into said postage meter a desired variable amount of postage;
d) processing the introduced postage amount and one of the selected numbers to form a first combination;
e) processing the first combination with the other of said two sequential numbers to form a second combination;
f) entering at least a portion of an externally generated combination into said postage meter for comparison with the internally formed second combination to effect a recharging of said funding register means of said postage meter with the desired variable amount of postage when a predetermined relationship is found between the two combinations; and g) conditioning the postage meter to operate in said first mode.

5. For use in the control of a computerized postage meter capable of operating in either a first mode wherein the user of the postage meter can select an amount of postage to be printed or a second mode wherein the user can recharge the postage meter with a variable amount of postage, said computerized postage meter having a keyboard for entering information, a funding register means which is rechargeable with an additional desired variable amount of postage in accordance with the processing of the desired postage amount by said postage meter, and means for storing and executing a postage meter program for comparing an externally generated combination with an internally generated combination based upon and varying with said desired variable postage amount and for internally generating numbers having a pseudo-random relationship, the method of remotely funding said postage meter comprising the steps of:
a) conditioning the postage meter to operate in said second mode;
b) processing via said postage meter program a desired postage variable amount, and one of two numbers to form a second combination;
c) comparing at least a portion of said second combination with at least a portion of the externally generated combination;
d) incrementing said funding register means of said postage meter by the desired variable amount of postage when the comparison indicates a predetermined relationship between the externally generated combination and the internally generated second combination; and e) conditioning the postage meter to operate in said first mode.

6. The method of remotely funding a postage meter said postage meter having means for conditioning the postage meter to operate in either a first mode wherein the user of the postage meter can select an amount of postage to be printed or a second mode wherein the user can recharge the postage meter with a variable amount of postage and a funding register means which is rechargeable with an additional amount of postage, the method comprising the steps of:
a) conditioning the postage meter to operate in said second mode;
b) selecting and entering a variable amount of postage into the postage meter;
c) internally generating within the postage meter a unique combination varying in accordance with pseudo-random numbers contained within the postage meter and with the variable postage amount entered into the postage meter;
d) entering an externally generated combination into the postage meter;
e) comparing the internally and externally generated combinations;
f) funding the funding register means of said postage meter with the selected postage amount when the internally generated combination of the postage meter corresponds with the externally generated combination;
and g) conditioning the postage meter to operate in said first mode.

7. A computerized postage meter having an operating mode wherein the user can recharge the postage meter with a variable amount of postage, said meter comprising means for receiving a postage amount and a combination dependent upon the postage amount, a central processor unit, said postage meter operating under the control of a stored postage meter program having routines for independently deriving said combination from an input of said postage amount, and for comparing the independently derived combination with the received combination, whereby the funding register means will be recharged with said postage amount when said derived combination bears a predetermined relationship to said received combination.

8. An electronic postage meter having:
a funding register capable of being recharged with a variable amount of postage;
means for enabling said meter to receive a first entry representing the desired variable amount of postage and a subsequent second entry representing an externally generated combination;
means responsive to the first entry for generating an internal combination based in part upon the value of the first entry;
means responsive to the second entry for comparing the generated internal combination with the entered external combination, to determine whether a predetermined relationship exists between the two combinations; and means responsive to a finding of the predetermined relationship for recharging said funding register by the amount of the first.

9. A system for funding a postage meter with a variable amount of postage comprising:
a) means for transmitting signals representing a desired, variable amount of postage;
b) a funding computer for receiving the transmitted postage-representing signals, said funding computer operating under the control of a stored program for generating a combination which varies as a function of the received postage representing signals;
c) means connected to said funding computer for transmitting the generated combination for use at a remote location, and d) a computerized postage meter at the remote location, said meter having at least one funding register and means for receiving a first input representing the desired, variable amount of postage and a second input representing the generated combination transmitted from said funding computer, said meter operating under the control of a stored program for generating a combination as a function of the entered postage and for comparing the internally generated combination to the entered combination.

10. The system of claim 9 wherein said computerized postage meter further includes a keyboard for manually entering the first and second inputs into the meter,

11. A method of funding a postage meter with a variable amount of postage, comprising the steps of:
a) establishing communications with a funding computer;

b) entering data into the funding computer identifying the postage meter to be funded;
c) entering data into the funding computer representing a variable amount of postage;
d) processing the postage-representing data within the funding computer to generate a postage-dependent data combination; and e) entering the postage-dependent data combination and data representing the variable amount of postage into the postage meter to be funded.

12. The method of claim 11 including the additional step of processing the postage-representing data and the postage-dependent data combination in said postage meter, to determine whether the entered combination is related to the postage-representing data in a predetermined manner.

13. A postage meter system comprising:
a) a plurality of computerized postage meters, each having at least one incrementable funding register and input means for receiving data, each of said postage meters operating under the control of a stored postage meter program adapted to cause said postage meter to operate on the input data;
b) means for transmitting data from each location of a postage meter representing a variable amount of postage by which it is desired to increment the funding register;

c) a funding computer remotely located from the computerized postage meters and having input means for receiving such postage-representing data, said funding computer operating under the control of a stored program which causes the postage-representing data to be converted to a postage-dependent combination;
and d) means for transmitting the postage-dependent combination from said funding computer to the location of the computerized postage meter from which the postage-representing data was received.

14. The postage meter system of claim 13 wherein each of said computerized postage meters further comprises a keyboard for manually entering the postage-dependent combination received from said funding computer into the meter.

15. A postage meter system comprising;
a) means for transmitting data representing a variable amount of postage by which it is desired to fund a postage meter;
b) a funding computer having input means for receiving postage-representing data from said transmitting means, said funding computer operating under the control of a program including an algorithm for converting the postage-representing data to a postage-dependent combination;
c) means for transmitting the postage-dependent combination from said funding computer; and d) a computerized postage meter having at least one funding register and input means for receiving one input representing the variable amount of postage and another input representing the postage-dependent combination obtained from said combination-transmitting means, said computerized postage meter operating under the control of a stored program for operating on the postage-representing input using the same algorithm employed by the funding computer to generate a second postage-dependent combination and for comparing the entered combination with the internally-generated combination.

16. The system of claim 15 wherein said computerized postage meter further includes a keyboard for manually entering the postage-dependent combination obtained from said transmitting means into the meter.

17. A method for use at a data center equipped to process transmissions from remotely located users of postage meters, each of said postage meters having means for preparing the postage meter to accept and process a recharging combination, the value of which is dependent on the amount of postage to be funded into the postage meter, said data center being further equipped with a programmed computer and an answer-back unit, said method comprising the steps of:
a) establishing a communications link between the data center and a user of a postage meter;
b) receiving from said user communicated data uniquely identifying the postage meter to be funded and data specifying the amount of postage to be entered into said postage meter;
c) comparing the received meter-identifying data with stored meter-identifying data to verify the authenticity of the received data;
d) operating on the received postage data to generate a postage-dependent recharging combination;
and e) transmitting to the user of the identified postage meter via the answer-back unit, the generated postage-dependent combination for entry into said postage meter.

18. The method of claim 17 further including the steps of:
a) entering data specifying the postage amount into said postage meter; and b) entering the postage-dependent combination provided by the answer-back unit into said postage meter,

19. The method of claim 17 further including the step of updating a user's record stored in the computer by the amount of the received postage data.

20. The method of claim 17 wherein each postage meter is equipped with ascending and descending registers, and wherein the data center requests and receives the numerical values of the contents of the ascending and descending registers in the postage meter identified by the meter-identifying data.

21. A method of funding a postage meter comprising the steps of:

a) generating at least two numbers having a pseudo-random relationship to each other;
b) selecting an amount of postage to be added to said postage meter;
c) operating upon the selected postage amount and one of the generated numbers to form a first combination;
d) operating upon the first combination and the other of the generated numbers to form a second combination; and e) entering at least a portion of said second combination into said postage meter preparatory to funding said meter with the selected amount of postage,

22, The method of funding a postage meter as recited in claim 21 wherein the first combination is formed by multiplying said postage amount by one of said generated numbers.

23. The method of funding a postage meter as recited in claim 21 wherein said second combination is formed by adding said first combination and the other of said generated numbers.

24. The method of funding a postage meter as recited in claim 22 wherein said second combination is formed by adding said first combination and the other of said generated numbers.

25. In the control of a computerized postage meter which has a keyboard for entering information and which operates under the control of a stored postage meter program for comparing an externally generated combination with an internally generated combination and for generating two numbers having a pseudo-random relationship to each other, a method of funding the postage meter comprising the steps of:
a) entering a selected postage funding amount into the postage meter via said keyboard;
b) operating upon the entered postage funding amount and one of the two generated numbers to form a first combination;
c) entering at least a portion of an externally generated combination into the postage meter via said keyboard;
d) operating upon the first combination and the other of said two generated numbers to form a second combination;
e) comparing at least a portion of said second combination with at least a portion of the externally generated combination entered into the meter; and f) funding said postage meter with the selected amount of postage when the comparison shows a predetermined relationship between the compared portions of the externally generated combination and the internally generated second combination.

26. The method of claim 25 wherein said first combination is obtained by multiplying said selected postage amount by said one of the generated numbers.

27. The method of claim 25 wherein said second combination is obtained by adding said first combination and said other of the generated numbers.

28. The method of claim 26 wherein said second combination is obtained by adding said first combination and said other of the generated numbers.

29. In the control of a system having a data center containing a computer and at least one remotely located computerized postage meter having a keyboard for entering information, said meter operating under the control of a stored postage meter program for comparing a combination received from the data center with an internally generated combination, the method of funding said postage meter comprising the steps of:
a) establishing a communications link between the data center computer and a user of the computerized postage meter;
b) transmitting to the data center via the communications link a selected amount of postage to be added to the postage meter;
c) generating at least two numbers within the data center computer in accordance with a stored algorithm;
d) operating upon the selected postage amount and one of the generated numbers to form a first combination;
e) operating upon the first combination and the other of said generated numbers to form a second combination;
f) transmitting to the user of the postage meter via the communications link at least a portion of the second combination;
g) generating at least two numbers within the postage meter using a stored algorithm mathematically equivalent to the stored algorithm used in said data center computer;
h) entering the selected amount of postage into the postage meter via said keyboard;
i) operating upon the entered postage amount and one of the numbers generated in accordance with the postage meter program to form a first postage meter combination;
j) entering into the postage meter via the keyboard at least a portion of the second combination received from the data center;
k) operating upon the first postage meter combination and the other of said two generated numbers in accordance with the postage meter program to form a second postage meter combination; and l) comparing at least a portion of the second postage meter combination with at least a portion of the entered second combination.

30. The method of funding a postage meter comprising the steps of:
a) entering a selected, variable amount of postage into the postage meter;
b) generating within the postage meter a unique combination having a value which varies as a function of numbers generated within the postage meter and of the entered variable postage amount;

c) entering an externally generated combination into the postage meter;
d) comparing the internally and externally generated combinations within the postage meter; and e) funding the postage meter with the entered variable amount when the comparison indicates the existence of a predetermined relationship between the internally generated combination and the externally generated combination.

31. The method of claim 30 wherein the externally generated combination has a value which varies as a function of numbers generated in a computer at a data center and of the variable amount of postage selected for entry into the postage meter.

32. A computerized postage meter comprising:
input means for receiving a postage amount and a combination which varies as a function of the postage amount; and at least one funding register connected to said central processor unit, said postage meter operating under the control of a stored postage meter program for independently deriving a combination as a function of the received postage amount and for comparing the independently derived combination with the received combination, whereby the funding register will be incremented by said postage amount when said derived combination has a predetermined relationship to said received combination.

33. A postage meter comprising:
means for entering a selected, variable amount of postage into the postage meter in preparation for funding the postage meter with said postage amount;
means for internally generating a unique combination which varies as a function of numbers generated within the postage meter and of the selected, variable postage amount entered into the postage meter;
means for entering an externally generated combination into the postage meter;
means for comparing the internally and externally generated combinations; and means for funding the postage meter with the selected, variable postage amount when the comparison indicates the existence of a predetermined relationship between the internally generated combination and the externally generated combination.

34. A postage meter system including:
a postage meter at a first location, said meter having a funding register;
encoding means at a location remote from said postage meter for producing a combination that varies as a function of variable funding information applied thereto and data previously generated therein in accordance with a known algorithm; decoding means at said postage meter for accepting funding data upon processing of applied coded data in accordance with the known algorithm;
means for applying said funding data to said funding register; and a transmission link between said first and remote locations for transmitting funding information to said encoding means and for transmitting new coded data to said decoding means.

35. The postage meter system of claim 34 comprising a keyboard at said first location connected to said transmission link, for entering data identifying said postage meter and funding information corresponding to a desired increment of funding for the identified postage meter.

36. A postage meter system comprising first and second stations, each having means for receiving variable funding data, means for storing previously generated coded data, means for generating new coded data varying as a predetermined function of received variable funding data and of previously generated coded data obtained from said storage means, and means for storing said new coded data, said first station further comprising means for receiving new coded data produced at said second station to enable entry into said funding register of funding data received by said first station.

37. The postage meter system of claim 36 further comprising a communications link between said stations.

38. For funding a postage meter at a first location with a variable amount of postage, said meter having a funding register, a method comprising the steps of transmitting data representing a selected, variable funding amount from said first location to a remote location, generating new coded data at said remote location responsive to receipt of said funding information, the new coded data varying in accordance with a predetermined relationship as a function of said funding data and previously generated coded data, transmitting said new coded data to said first location, entering data representing a selected variable funding amount and the transmitted new coded data into the postage meter, generating new coded data within said postage meter, said new coded data varying in accordance with the predetermined relationship as a function of entered funding data and previously generated coded data stored therein, determining whether the generated and the transmitted new coded data correspond and incrementing said funding register by the value of the funding data when a predetermined correspondence is found.

39. For use with a data center containing a programmed computer and a remotely located computerized postage meter having means for conditioning the postage meter to operate in either a first mode wherein the user of the postage meter can select an amount of postage to be printed or a second mode wherein the user can recharge the postage meter with a desired variable amount of postage, a funding register means which is rechargeable with an additional desired variable amount of postage, a keyboard for entering information and a stored postage meter program for comparing a combination received from said data center with an internally generated combination, a method of funding said postage meter comprising the steps of:
a) selecting an amount of postage to be added to said postage meter;
b) establishing communications between the data center and a user of the computerized postage meter;
c) communicating to the data center the selected amount of postage to be added to the postage meter;
d) generating at the data center at least two numbers having a pseudo-random relationship to each other;
e) processing the selected postage amount and one of the generated numbers at the data center to form a first combination;
f) processing the first combination and the other of said generated numbers at the data center to form a second combination;
g) communicating to the user of the postage meter at least a portion of the second combination;
h) entering the selected amount of postage into the postage meter via said keyboard;
i) generating at the postage meter at least two numbers having a pseudo-random relationship to each other;
j) processing the selected postage amount and one of said generated numbers to form a first postage meter combination;

k) processing the first postage meter combination and the other of said two generated numbers contained in said postage meter under the control of said postage meter program to form a second postage meter combination;
l) entering at least a portion of the second combination received from the data center into the postage meter via the keyboard;
m) comparing at least a portion of the second postage meter combination with at least a portion of the second combination received from the data center;
and n) entering the selected amount of postage into said funding register means of said postage meter when the compared portions of the externally generated combination and the second postage meter combination have a predetermined relationship.
40. An electronic postage meter having an operating mode wherein the user may recharge the postage meter with a desired variable amount of postage, said postage meter comprising:
a) a rechargeable funding register;
b) means for receiving data representing a desired variable selected amount of postage;
c) means connected to the postage-receiving means for generating an internal combination based upon the desired variable amount of postage entered into said postage meter;

Claim 40....continued.

d) means for receiving an externally generated combination;
e) means connected to said combination-receiving means for comparing the internally and externally generated combinations; and f) means responsive to said comparing means for recharging the funding register with the desired variable amount of postage when the internally generated combination has a predetermined relationship to the entered, externally generated combination.