CA1082353A - Solid state color imaging apparatus - Google Patents
Solid state color imaging apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- CA1082353A CA1082353A CA236,242A CA236242A CA1082353A CA 1082353 A CA1082353 A CA 1082353A CA 236242 A CA236242 A CA 236242A CA 1082353 A CA1082353 A CA 1082353A
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- signals
- lines
- color
- vertical scanning
- imaging apparatus
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
- H04N25/767—Horizontal readout lines, multiplexers or registers
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Solid state color imaging apparatus for producing a color video signal representing an optical image of an object.
In this apparatus, plural sets of lines of photosensitive elements are arranged repeatedly in a vertical scanning direc-tion, each of which photosensitive element lines consists of a plurality of photosnesitive elements distributed in a line in a horizontal scanning direction. Charge signals are read out from the sets of photosensitive element linen at a time in each horizontal scanning period and a set of output signals is processed to produce the color video signal.
Solid state color imaging apparatus for producing a color video signal representing an optical image of an object.
In this apparatus, plural sets of lines of photosensitive elements are arranged repeatedly in a vertical scanning direc-tion, each of which photosensitive element lines consists of a plurality of photosnesitive elements distributed in a line in a horizontal scanning direction. Charge signals are read out from the sets of photosensitive element linen at a time in each horizontal scanning period and a set of output signals is processed to produce the color video signal.
Description
BACKG~OUND OF T~-IE INVENTION
This invention relates -to a solid state color imaging apparatus employing a charge transfer device such as a CCD
(Charge Coupled Device) and a BBD ~sucket Brigade Device) or a photodiode array, and in particular to such apparatus which senses and stores charges in proportion to an incident light and provides a sequential color video signal.
An area imaging apparatus employing a photodiode array is shown, for instance, in the WESCON Technical papers, .
10 session 13-2, August 1967. It consists of photodiodes (or phototransistors), switching elements such as MOS kransistors and scanning shift registers. In such apparatus, an electric charge which is proportional to the intensity of the light incident upon each photodiode and is stored therein is read out, when the switching element which is connected to the said photodiode is turned on by being accessed bo-th with a vertical scanning shift register and a horizontal scanning shift register.
A sequential video signal representing a black and white image : .
of an object is obtained as an output of this apparatus.
With respect to an area imaging apparatus which operates by means of charge trans~er~! three methods, the frame transfer method, the inter line transfer method, and the horizontal line transfer method have been proposed. An area imaging apparatus.employing the frame transfer method is shown, for instance, in IEEE Trans. on Electron Dev. ED-20, No. 3, p.244,1973. Such frame transfer imaging apparatus consists of a photosensitive CCD array, a temporary storage CCD array and an output CCD register. A charge image which represents an input optical image and formed by the entirety of the charges 30 stored during one field interval at MIS elements of the photosensitive array is transferred into the temporary storage array during a vertical blanking period. Then it is . - 2 - ~
shifted one horizontal line at a time into the output register during a horizontal blanking period, and read out by a high speed horizontal clock to produce the sequential video signal.
An imaging apparatus employing the inter line transfer method, which is shown, for instance, in 1974 IEEE Intercon Technical Papers, Session 2-2, consists of alternate columns ; of photosensitive elements, vertical trans~er CCD registers and an output CCD register. During a vertical blanking perio~
signal charges detected by the photosensitive elements are transferred into the vertical transfer registers. These signal charges are then shifted one horizontal line at a time into the output register during a horizontal blanking period and transferred out by a horizontal clock.
A horizontal line transfer imaging apparatus, which is shown, for instance in RCA Review, vol. 33, September 1972, pp. 483-500, consists of a parallel array of photo- ;
sensitive BBD registers, an output BBD register and a vertical scan generator. The signal charges representing one horizontal line signal are transferred by a high speed hori-zontal clock into the output register and read out therefrom by a high speed clock under the control of the vertical scan generator. -A solid state color imaging apparatus with a single area imaging device may be constructed using any one of the abovementioned solid state imaging apparatuses by addition-ally employing a striped color filter and a color signal recovering circuit. The striped color filter consists of plural sets of striped color filter elements which pass the red, ~ blue and green components, respectively, of the optical color image. Such a color filter may be put on the photosensitive area of the imaging apparatus (assume it is a frame transfer ?
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imaging apparatus) so that the direction of the repetition of the color filter elements is identical with that of -the horizontal charge transfer and each color filter element may cover one photosensitive element in the direction of the horizon-tal scan or charge transfer. In this apparatus, one horizontal line of signal charges, which represents the red, blue and green signal alternately, is transferred out by the ' horizontal clock during the horizon~al scanning period through the output CCD register. Then, the red, blue and yreen component signals are obtained from the sequential output of the output register through the sampling circuit which operates synchronously with the high speed horizontal clock and separates them from each other. These color com-ponent signals are processed to produce a color video signal.
It is known that the required frequency fH of the horizontal clock is expressed as: fH = N/TH, where N is the number of photosensitive elements which are arranged in the direction of the horizontal scan, and TH is the horizontal scanning period in seconds. To obtain an adequate resolution for a tele~ision camera, N should be chosen to be more than 400 and fH should be 8 MHz or higher. Moreover, in case of the abovementioned solid state color imaging apparatus, f~I
should be higher than for the monochrome apparatus to secure the same resolution. Such color imaging apparatus requires the output CCD register or the horizontal scanning shift register to be operable under the control of about a 12-20 MHz clock. However, it is extremely difficult to put such a high speed register to practical use.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention, therefore, is to provide a solid state color imaging apparatus which does not require such an extremely high speed register.
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Another object of the present invention is to prov-ide a practical solid state color imaging apparatus which is adapted for a small size, light-weight and long-life color tele-vision camera system.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a solid state color imaging apparatus employing one black and white area imaging device.
These object are achieved by the provision of a solid ; state color imaging apparatus for producing a color video signal representing an optical image of an object, said apparatus com-prising:
photosen~tive means which consists of a plurality of photosensitive elements which are arranged substantially in line both in the horizontal and vertical scanning directions and color filter means consisting of a plurality of sets of color filter strips each of which strips overlies at least one line of said ;
photosensitive elements in line in the horizontal scanning direc-tion, which sets are arranged repeatedly in the vertical scanning direction;
first means coupled to said photosensitive means for read-ing out charge signals which are stored in said photosensitive elements from one set of said photosensitive element lines at a time in synchronism with a clock pulse for producing a set of out-put signals during each horizontal scanning period; and ~ -second means coupled to said first means for responding to said set of output signals for processing these output signals to produce the color video signal.
Each set of said color filter strips can consist of three lines o color filter strips which have characteristics to pass 30 different color light components of said optical image,-and said Eirst ~
means can be means for reading out said charge signals three lines ~--at a time for producing three lines of output signals during each horizontal scanning period, and said second means can be means ~ ~ 5 :. : . .
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for responding to said three lin~s of output signals to produce said color video signal.
Alternatively each set of said color filter strips can consist of two lines of color filter strips, at least one which consists of alternate filter elements which have characteristics to pass a first and second color, respectively, of said optical image, and said first means can be means for reading out said charge signals two lines at a time for producing two lines of output signals during each horizontal scanning period, and said second means can be means for responding to said two lines of output signals to produce the color video signal. One of the -~
two lines of color filter strips can have characteristics to pass a green light component or luminance of said optical image and the other can consist of alternate filter elements to pass a red light component and a blue light component of said opti~
cal image, respectively. In such case, said first means will be for producing a first output signal representing the green light component or luminance of said optical image and a second ;
output signal representing the red and blue light components ~ ;
alternately, and said second means will be a first circuit for responding to said first output signal for producing a green com-ponent signal or luminance signal, a second circuit for respond-ing to said second output signal for producing a red component signal and a blue component signal, and a third circuit coupled to said first and second circuits for producing the color video signal.
The solid state color imaging apparatus can further ;
comprise optical means which is disposed in front of said photo-sensitive means for expanding said optical image in the vertical scanning direction.
Said first means can comprise means for reading out said charge signals from under sets of said color filter strips at a time in successive fields during each horizontal scanning - 5a -'~\
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period, which sets are shifted by one line in the vertical direc-tion in said successive fields.
; Alternately said first means can comprise means for reading out said charge signals from under a first set of said color filter strips in a first field and from under a second set ; of color filter strips which are shifted with respect to said first set by one line in the vertical scanniny direction in a second field, whereby a 2:1 interlacing is achieved. Such a solid state color imaging apparatus can further comprise third ;~
`~ 10 means coupled to said first means for removing from said set of output signals the line signal which is read out during the last and the first horizontal scanning period in each field.
The objects are further achieved by the provision of a solid state color imaging apparatus for producing a color video signal representing an optical image of an object comprising:
photosensitive means which consists of a plurality of photosensi-tive elements which are arranged substantially in line in the horizontal scanning direction and the vertical scanning direction and color filter means consisting of a plurality of sets of color filter strips each of which strips overlies at least one line of said photosensitive elements in a horizontal scanning dirèc-tion, which sets are arranged repeatedly in a vertical scanning direction; ;~
vertical scanning means coupled to said photosensitive `~
means for generating a vertical scanning pulse for accessing one `~ `
set of lines of said photosensitive elements under one of said `
sets of color filter strips at a time;
horizontal scanning means coupled to said photosensitive means for generating a horizontal scanning pulse;
output circuit means through which a set of output sig-nals are derived which correspond to charge signals stored in said photosensitive elements under said sets of color filter strips 5 - 5b -. . . . .
~0~3Z35;3 switching circuit means coupled between said photosensi-tive means and said output circuit means to which said scanning means are connected for transmitting said charge signals one set at a time from said photosensitive elements to said output ;~
circuit means when both said vertical scanning pulse and said horizontal scannin~ pulse are supplied thereto; and processing circuit means coupled to said output circuit means for responding to said set of output signals from said output circuit means for processing them for producing the color video signal.
Each set of color filter strips can consist of three lines of filter strips which have characteristics to pass dif-ferent color light components of said optical image, and said vertical scanning means can comprise a vertical scanning shift register and a plurality of sets of switching elements coupled thereto, three of which are made conductive at a time by said ;~
vertical scanning pulse from said vertical scanning shift regi~
ster, whereby said vertical scanning means accesses three lines of photosensitive elements under one of said sets of color filter strips at a time and said output circuit means derives three lines of output signals at a time which represent different color components in accordance with a horizontal scan by said horizon-tal scanning means.
The vertical scanning means can comprise a vertical scanning shift register and a plurality of sets of switching elements coupled thereto, two of which are made conductive at a time by said vertical scanning pulse from said vertical scan-ning shift registex, whereby said vertical scanning means acces-ses two lines of photosensitive elements under one set of said color filter strips at a time and said output circuit means derives two lines of output signals at a time in accordance with said horizontal scanning pulse from said horizontal scanning means.
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1~8:~3S3 The vertical scanning means can comprise:
a vertical scanning shift register;
a first circuit coupled to said vertical scanning shift register for responding to a scanning pulse from said vertical scanning shift register for generating said vertical scanning pulse for accessing a plurality of lines of photosensitive ele-ments under one set of color filter strips at a time; and a second circuit coupled to said photosensitive means for shifting position of said access of said lines of photosensi-tive elements by one line in alternate fields. The first cir-cuit can consist of first and second groups of AND circuits, each of which AND circuits has two input gates, the AND circuits in the first group each being paired with an AND circuit in the second group, one input of the AND circuits of each pair being connected to a corresponding output terminal of said vertical :
scanning shift register; and a plurality of groups of switching elements, the elements of the first group of which are coupled to the AND circuits of the first group of AND circuits to turn :~
on in accordance with an output from said first group of AND
circuits, the elements of the second group of which are coupled 1 to the AND circuits of the second group of AND circuits to turn ~:
on in accordance with an output from said second group of AND ~ .
circuits, and the elements of the third group of which are coupled to said vertical scanning shift register to turn on in accordance with a scanning pulse from said corresponding output terminals of said vertical scanning register; and said second :~
circuit can consist of a flip-flop circuit which changes its : .
output mode in a vertical blanking period and keeps it through-out a succeeding field, and a circuit coupling of the outputs of said flip-flop circuit to the other input gate of said AND
circuits of said first group of AND circuits and coupling the other output of said flip-flop circuit to the other input gate of said AND circuits of said second group of AND circuits, where- ~ :
- 5d -' ~' ' ' , ' 3~
by one of said first and second groups of AND circuits is in the conductive state in each field in order to shift positions of said set of photosensitive element lines by one line in alternate fields.
The obiects o~ the invention are also achieved by the provision of a solid state color imaging apparatus for producing :
a color video signal representing an optical image of an object, comprising photosensitive means which consists of a plurality of photosensitive elements which are arranged substantially in line :~ .
both in the horizontal and vertical scanning directions and color filter means consisting of a plurality of sets of color filter i~:
strips each o which strips overlies at least one line of said .; :
photosensitive elements in a horizontal scanning direction and forms a set of line signals, which sets are arranged repeatedly ; ~:
in a vertical scanning direction; ~ ~.
first charge transfer means coupled to said photosensi-tive means for shifting charge signals from a set of photosensi~
tive elements under one set of color filter strips at a time in ~.
a horizontal blanking period by vertical trans~er clock signals, -- ;
which charge signals for producing a set of line signals have -~
been transferred thereto from said photosensitive means in a vertical blanking period;
second charge transfer means coupled to said first charge transfer means having a set of transfer channels for ;~
transferring out said charge signals one set at a time, which have been shifted thereinto from said first transfer means in said horizontal blanking period, in a horizontal scanning period ~ :~
by horizontal transfer clock signals for producing a set of out~
put signals which correspond to said set of line signals; and processing circuit means coupled to said second charge -~
transfer means for responding to said set of output signals which are derived through said set of transfer channels of said ~ - 5e -C \\
, lV~3~353 second charge transfer means for producing the color video sig-nal.
Each set of said color filter strips can consist of three lines of filter strips which have characteristics to pass different color light components of said optical image to form three line signals, and said first and second charge transfer means can comprise means for transferring three lines of signals at a time, and said processing circuit means comprises means ~;
for producing the color video signal in response to three output ~ ;
signals derived through said second charge transfer means.
Alternatively each set of said color filter strips can~
consist of two lines o~ color filter strips at least one of which consists of alternate filter elements which have characteristics to pass a first and second colors, respectively, of said optical image, and said first and second charge transfer means can com- ;
prise means for transferring two line signals at a time for pro-ducing two lines of output signals during each horizontal scan-ning period; and said processing circuit means can comprise means for producing the color video signal in response to said two lines of output signals derived through said second charge transfer ~
means. ~, The solid state color imaging apparatus can further comprise means for changing the number of cycles of said ~ertical transEer clock signals only at the first charge shifting of said first charge transfer means in each field, so that said second charge transfer means transfers out charge signals from different sets of photosensitive element lines which are shifted in the -~
vertical direction in alternate fields.
The solid stae color imaging apparatus can further com-prise charge eliminating means coupled to said second charge transfer means for eliminating a line of signal charges which are shifted first into said second charge transfer means in a second field, and wherein the number of cycles of said vertical transfer - 5f -. , - . :: -:
clocks increase one cycle only at the first charge shifting of said second charge transfer means in the second field.
The solid state color imaging apparatus can further comprise switching means coupled to said second charge transfer means for xesponding to said set o~ output signals derived from said second charge transfer means for transmitting them into each predetermined circuit, so that said output signals trans- ~ `
mitted by said switching means always represent the same color components in alternate fields.
Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description of some practical embodiments of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a striped color filter which may be additionally employed in an area imaging apparatus of the prior art for generating a color video signal;
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'' ~.; ' ~ol~X3S3 Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing the constitution of a first embodiment of a solid state color imaging apparatus according to this invention;
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a striped color filter which is used in the imaging apparatus of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a block diagram showing the consti-tution of a second embodiment of a solid state imaging apparatus according to this invention;
Fig. 5 is a diagram of a striped color filter which is used in the imaging apparatus in Fig. 4, Figs. 6A, 6B and 6C are diagrams showing a wave shape of one of two sequential outputs from the imaging apparatus in Fig. ~, that of a vertical blanking pulse and that of a color signal in which an error information ;; signal is removed, respectively;
Fig. 7 is a block diagram showing the constitution of a third embodiment of a solid state imaging apparatus according to this invention;
Fig. 8 is a d-iagram showing the constitution of a --cross section of an output CCD register of the imaging appar-- - atus in Fig. 7;
FLg. 9 is a diagram showing the constitution of a cross section of one MIS structure of an output CCD register in Fig. 7;
Fig. 10 is a diagram showing thè wave shapes of transfer clock pulses and a gate pulse in the fir~t`field of the imaging apparatus in Fig. 7; ~ -Fig. 11 is a diagram showing the wave shapes of transfer clock pulses and a gate pulse in the second field of the imaging apparatus in Fig. 7;
Fig. 12 lS a diagram showing one example of an ~
.
~01~2353 optical system a~apted ~or ~ solid state color imaging appar-atus according to this invention; and Fig. 13 is a diagram showing a semi-circular lens which is used in the optical system in Fig. 12.
A conventional striped color filter for a solid state color imaging apparatus with a single area imaging device using any one of the abovementioned solid state imaging apparatuses is shown in Fig. 1. The striped color filter con~
sists of plural sets of striped color filter elements shown as R, B and G, which pass the red, blue and green components, respectively, of the optical color image. Such a color filter may be put on the photosensitive area of the imaging apparatus (assume it is a frame transfer imaging apparatus) so that the direction of the repetition of the color filter elements is identical with that of the horizontal charge transfer and each color filter element may cover one photosensitive element in the direction of the horizontal scan or charge transfer. In such an apparatus, one horizontal line of signal charges, which rep-resents the red, blue and green signal alternately, is trans-ferred out by the horizontal clock during the horizontal scanning period through the output CCD register. Then, the red, blue ;-and green component signals are obtained from the se~uential out-put of the output register through the sampling circuit which operates synchronously with the high speed horizontal clock and separates them from each other. These color component signals ~ ;
are processed to produce a color video signal.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS ~
'~ :
Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of the first embodiment ~ -of the invention, which employs an X-Y address method. A ~ ;
; 30 photosensitive area of this solid state color imaging appar-atus has the same constitution as that of a conventional X-Y
address area imager, which consists of a plurality of photo-diodes la, lb and lc and switching MOS transistors 2a, 2b _ 7 _ - . : ' , :
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and 2c. On this photosensing area, a striped color filter 10, shown in Fig. 3, is placed so that each striped filter element 101, 102, 103 covers one line of photosensitive ele-ments in the direction of a horizontal scan, such as shown in Fig. 2. The striped filter elements 101, 102 and 103 pass green, red and blue components of an optical image, respectively. Therefore, the charge diminutions in the photodiodes la, lb and lc caused by the photon flux incidence through the striped filter elements represent green, red and blue information, respectively~ Details of the photon flux integration mode are discussed, for instance in the a~oresaid WES~ON Technical Papers.
This photodiode array is scanned both with a vertical scanning shift register 104 driven by a vertical cloek gen-erator 105 and a horizontal scanning shift register 106 driven by a horizontal eloek generator 107. In response to an output pulse of the vertical scanning shift register 104, each set of three switching MOS transistors 108a, 108b and 108c turn on, thus three lines are accessed at a time.
Since these switching transistors 108a, 108b and 108c are kept in the conductive state throughout the horizontal - 7a -1~8:~:3S~ ~
scanning period, green, xed and blue component signals are derived simul-taneously through separate output lines 109, 110 and 111, respectively, in synchronization with the succ-essive clock pulse from the horizonkal scanning shift register 106. The color component signals are amplified by pre-amplifiers 115, 116 and 117, have a clock noise which is present therein removed by low-pass filters 118, 119 and 120, and then are processed in an encoder 121 to generate a color video signal such as the NTSC standard signal. Numexals 112, 1~ 113 and 114 in Fig. 2 represent detecting resistors for detecting the amount of recharging current, which corresponds to the diminution of the initial charge, and E represents a d-c voltage source.
According to this color imaging apparatus, the color . ~
information is formed not with three bits in the horizontal scanning direction, but with those in the vertical scanning direction. The number of pho-tosensitive elements which are aligned in the horizontal scanning direction is the same as ; that of the black and white imaging apparatus of this type 20 to obtain the same horizontal resolution. Therefore, this ~;
apparatus does not require such an extremely high speed shift register as -the horizontal scanner, which should operate at more than a 12 MHz clock. In addition to this advantage, the increment of the photosensitive elements in the vertical scanning direction causes no severe requirement for the vertical scanning circuit which comprises the vertical clock generator 105, the vertical shift register 104, and the switching MOS transistors 108a, 108b and 108c.
A 2:1 interlacing of this apparatus may be `~
achieved by reading out diffexent sets of three lines of charge signals in al'cernate fields. For example, it can be achieved by reading out every two sets of three lines in the ~ 8 --~)82~53 .
firs-t field and -the remaining se-ts in the second field.
It can also be achieved efectively by -the following method which is described in connection with the second embodiment shown in Fig. 4.
The solid state color imaging apparatus shown in Fig. 4 produces a color video signal not by deriving three coIor component signals, bu-t by deriving two lines of output signals, one of which represents a green component or a luminance of the image,and the other of which represents red and blue components alternately. The photosensitive axea of this apparatus has the same construction as -that of Fig.
This invention relates -to a solid state color imaging apparatus employing a charge transfer device such as a CCD
(Charge Coupled Device) and a BBD ~sucket Brigade Device) or a photodiode array, and in particular to such apparatus which senses and stores charges in proportion to an incident light and provides a sequential color video signal.
An area imaging apparatus employing a photodiode array is shown, for instance, in the WESCON Technical papers, .
10 session 13-2, August 1967. It consists of photodiodes (or phototransistors), switching elements such as MOS kransistors and scanning shift registers. In such apparatus, an electric charge which is proportional to the intensity of the light incident upon each photodiode and is stored therein is read out, when the switching element which is connected to the said photodiode is turned on by being accessed bo-th with a vertical scanning shift register and a horizontal scanning shift register.
A sequential video signal representing a black and white image : .
of an object is obtained as an output of this apparatus.
With respect to an area imaging apparatus which operates by means of charge trans~er~! three methods, the frame transfer method, the inter line transfer method, and the horizontal line transfer method have been proposed. An area imaging apparatus.employing the frame transfer method is shown, for instance, in IEEE Trans. on Electron Dev. ED-20, No. 3, p.244,1973. Such frame transfer imaging apparatus consists of a photosensitive CCD array, a temporary storage CCD array and an output CCD register. A charge image which represents an input optical image and formed by the entirety of the charges 30 stored during one field interval at MIS elements of the photosensitive array is transferred into the temporary storage array during a vertical blanking period. Then it is . - 2 - ~
shifted one horizontal line at a time into the output register during a horizontal blanking period, and read out by a high speed horizontal clock to produce the sequential video signal.
An imaging apparatus employing the inter line transfer method, which is shown, for instance, in 1974 IEEE Intercon Technical Papers, Session 2-2, consists of alternate columns ; of photosensitive elements, vertical trans~er CCD registers and an output CCD register. During a vertical blanking perio~
signal charges detected by the photosensitive elements are transferred into the vertical transfer registers. These signal charges are then shifted one horizontal line at a time into the output register during a horizontal blanking period and transferred out by a horizontal clock.
A horizontal line transfer imaging apparatus, which is shown, for instance in RCA Review, vol. 33, September 1972, pp. 483-500, consists of a parallel array of photo- ;
sensitive BBD registers, an output BBD register and a vertical scan generator. The signal charges representing one horizontal line signal are transferred by a high speed hori-zontal clock into the output register and read out therefrom by a high speed clock under the control of the vertical scan generator. -A solid state color imaging apparatus with a single area imaging device may be constructed using any one of the abovementioned solid state imaging apparatuses by addition-ally employing a striped color filter and a color signal recovering circuit. The striped color filter consists of plural sets of striped color filter elements which pass the red, ~ blue and green components, respectively, of the optical color image. Such a color filter may be put on the photosensitive area of the imaging apparatus (assume it is a frame transfer ?
,~, - - , , .. .. .. . ..
imaging apparatus) so that the direction of the repetition of the color filter elements is identical with that of -the horizontal charge transfer and each color filter element may cover one photosensitive element in the direction of the horizon-tal scan or charge transfer. In this apparatus, one horizontal line of signal charges, which represents the red, blue and green signal alternately, is transferred out by the ' horizontal clock during the horizon~al scanning period through the output CCD register. Then, the red, blue and yreen component signals are obtained from the sequential output of the output register through the sampling circuit which operates synchronously with the high speed horizontal clock and separates them from each other. These color com-ponent signals are processed to produce a color video signal.
It is known that the required frequency fH of the horizontal clock is expressed as: fH = N/TH, where N is the number of photosensitive elements which are arranged in the direction of the horizontal scan, and TH is the horizontal scanning period in seconds. To obtain an adequate resolution for a tele~ision camera, N should be chosen to be more than 400 and fH should be 8 MHz or higher. Moreover, in case of the abovementioned solid state color imaging apparatus, f~I
should be higher than for the monochrome apparatus to secure the same resolution. Such color imaging apparatus requires the output CCD register or the horizontal scanning shift register to be operable under the control of about a 12-20 MHz clock. However, it is extremely difficult to put such a high speed register to practical use.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention, therefore, is to provide a solid state color imaging apparatus which does not require such an extremely high speed register.
~o~
Another object of the present invention is to prov-ide a practical solid state color imaging apparatus which is adapted for a small size, light-weight and long-life color tele-vision camera system.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a solid state color imaging apparatus employing one black and white area imaging device.
These object are achieved by the provision of a solid ; state color imaging apparatus for producing a color video signal representing an optical image of an object, said apparatus com-prising:
photosen~tive means which consists of a plurality of photosensitive elements which are arranged substantially in line both in the horizontal and vertical scanning directions and color filter means consisting of a plurality of sets of color filter strips each of which strips overlies at least one line of said ;
photosensitive elements in line in the horizontal scanning direc-tion, which sets are arranged repeatedly in the vertical scanning direction;
first means coupled to said photosensitive means for read-ing out charge signals which are stored in said photosensitive elements from one set of said photosensitive element lines at a time in synchronism with a clock pulse for producing a set of out-put signals during each horizontal scanning period; and ~ -second means coupled to said first means for responding to said set of output signals for processing these output signals to produce the color video signal.
Each set of said color filter strips can consist of three lines o color filter strips which have characteristics to pass 30 different color light components of said optical image,-and said Eirst ~
means can be means for reading out said charge signals three lines ~--at a time for producing three lines of output signals during each horizontal scanning period, and said second means can be means ~ ~ 5 :. : . .
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for responding to said three lin~s of output signals to produce said color video signal.
Alternatively each set of said color filter strips can consist of two lines of color filter strips, at least one which consists of alternate filter elements which have characteristics to pass a first and second color, respectively, of said optical image, and said first means can be means for reading out said charge signals two lines at a time for producing two lines of output signals during each horizontal scanning period, and said second means can be means for responding to said two lines of output signals to produce the color video signal. One of the -~
two lines of color filter strips can have characteristics to pass a green light component or luminance of said optical image and the other can consist of alternate filter elements to pass a red light component and a blue light component of said opti~
cal image, respectively. In such case, said first means will be for producing a first output signal representing the green light component or luminance of said optical image and a second ;
output signal representing the red and blue light components ~ ;
alternately, and said second means will be a first circuit for responding to said first output signal for producing a green com-ponent signal or luminance signal, a second circuit for respond-ing to said second output signal for producing a red component signal and a blue component signal, and a third circuit coupled to said first and second circuits for producing the color video signal.
The solid state color imaging apparatus can further ;
comprise optical means which is disposed in front of said photo-sensitive means for expanding said optical image in the vertical scanning direction.
Said first means can comprise means for reading out said charge signals from under sets of said color filter strips at a time in successive fields during each horizontal scanning - 5a -'~\
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:, - .
23S~
period, which sets are shifted by one line in the vertical direc-tion in said successive fields.
; Alternately said first means can comprise means for reading out said charge signals from under a first set of said color filter strips in a first field and from under a second set ; of color filter strips which are shifted with respect to said first set by one line in the vertical scanniny direction in a second field, whereby a 2:1 interlacing is achieved. Such a solid state color imaging apparatus can further comprise third ;~
`~ 10 means coupled to said first means for removing from said set of output signals the line signal which is read out during the last and the first horizontal scanning period in each field.
The objects are further achieved by the provision of a solid state color imaging apparatus for producing a color video signal representing an optical image of an object comprising:
photosensitive means which consists of a plurality of photosensi-tive elements which are arranged substantially in line in the horizontal scanning direction and the vertical scanning direction and color filter means consisting of a plurality of sets of color filter strips each of which strips overlies at least one line of said photosensitive elements in a horizontal scanning dirèc-tion, which sets are arranged repeatedly in a vertical scanning direction; ;~
vertical scanning means coupled to said photosensitive `~
means for generating a vertical scanning pulse for accessing one `~ `
set of lines of said photosensitive elements under one of said `
sets of color filter strips at a time;
horizontal scanning means coupled to said photosensitive means for generating a horizontal scanning pulse;
output circuit means through which a set of output sig-nals are derived which correspond to charge signals stored in said photosensitive elements under said sets of color filter strips 5 - 5b -. . . . .
~0~3Z35;3 switching circuit means coupled between said photosensi-tive means and said output circuit means to which said scanning means are connected for transmitting said charge signals one set at a time from said photosensitive elements to said output ;~
circuit means when both said vertical scanning pulse and said horizontal scannin~ pulse are supplied thereto; and processing circuit means coupled to said output circuit means for responding to said set of output signals from said output circuit means for processing them for producing the color video signal.
Each set of color filter strips can consist of three lines of filter strips which have characteristics to pass dif-ferent color light components of said optical image, and said vertical scanning means can comprise a vertical scanning shift register and a plurality of sets of switching elements coupled thereto, three of which are made conductive at a time by said ;~
vertical scanning pulse from said vertical scanning shift regi~
ster, whereby said vertical scanning means accesses three lines of photosensitive elements under one of said sets of color filter strips at a time and said output circuit means derives three lines of output signals at a time which represent different color components in accordance with a horizontal scan by said horizon-tal scanning means.
The vertical scanning means can comprise a vertical scanning shift register and a plurality of sets of switching elements coupled thereto, two of which are made conductive at a time by said vertical scanning pulse from said vertical scan-ning shift registex, whereby said vertical scanning means acces-ses two lines of photosensitive elements under one set of said color filter strips at a time and said output circuit means derives two lines of output signals at a time in accordance with said horizontal scanning pulse from said horizontal scanning means.
~ - 5c -.... . , : ~.
1~8:~3S3 The vertical scanning means can comprise:
a vertical scanning shift register;
a first circuit coupled to said vertical scanning shift register for responding to a scanning pulse from said vertical scanning shift register for generating said vertical scanning pulse for accessing a plurality of lines of photosensitive ele-ments under one set of color filter strips at a time; and a second circuit coupled to said photosensitive means for shifting position of said access of said lines of photosensi-tive elements by one line in alternate fields. The first cir-cuit can consist of first and second groups of AND circuits, each of which AND circuits has two input gates, the AND circuits in the first group each being paired with an AND circuit in the second group, one input of the AND circuits of each pair being connected to a corresponding output terminal of said vertical :
scanning shift register; and a plurality of groups of switching elements, the elements of the first group of which are coupled to the AND circuits of the first group of AND circuits to turn :~
on in accordance with an output from said first group of AND
circuits, the elements of the second group of which are coupled 1 to the AND circuits of the second group of AND circuits to turn ~:
on in accordance with an output from said second group of AND ~ .
circuits, and the elements of the third group of which are coupled to said vertical scanning shift register to turn on in accordance with a scanning pulse from said corresponding output terminals of said vertical scanning register; and said second :~
circuit can consist of a flip-flop circuit which changes its : .
output mode in a vertical blanking period and keeps it through-out a succeeding field, and a circuit coupling of the outputs of said flip-flop circuit to the other input gate of said AND
circuits of said first group of AND circuits and coupling the other output of said flip-flop circuit to the other input gate of said AND circuits of said second group of AND circuits, where- ~ :
- 5d -' ~' ' ' , ' 3~
by one of said first and second groups of AND circuits is in the conductive state in each field in order to shift positions of said set of photosensitive element lines by one line in alternate fields.
The obiects o~ the invention are also achieved by the provision of a solid state color imaging apparatus for producing :
a color video signal representing an optical image of an object, comprising photosensitive means which consists of a plurality of photosensitive elements which are arranged substantially in line :~ .
both in the horizontal and vertical scanning directions and color filter means consisting of a plurality of sets of color filter i~:
strips each o which strips overlies at least one line of said .; :
photosensitive elements in a horizontal scanning direction and forms a set of line signals, which sets are arranged repeatedly ; ~:
in a vertical scanning direction; ~ ~.
first charge transfer means coupled to said photosensi-tive means for shifting charge signals from a set of photosensi~
tive elements under one set of color filter strips at a time in ~.
a horizontal blanking period by vertical trans~er clock signals, -- ;
which charge signals for producing a set of line signals have -~
been transferred thereto from said photosensitive means in a vertical blanking period;
second charge transfer means coupled to said first charge transfer means having a set of transfer channels for ;~
transferring out said charge signals one set at a time, which have been shifted thereinto from said first transfer means in said horizontal blanking period, in a horizontal scanning period ~ :~
by horizontal transfer clock signals for producing a set of out~
put signals which correspond to said set of line signals; and processing circuit means coupled to said second charge -~
transfer means for responding to said set of output signals which are derived through said set of transfer channels of said ~ - 5e -C \\
, lV~3~353 second charge transfer means for producing the color video sig-nal.
Each set of said color filter strips can consist of three lines of filter strips which have characteristics to pass different color light components of said optical image to form three line signals, and said first and second charge transfer means can comprise means for transferring three lines of signals at a time, and said processing circuit means comprises means ~;
for producing the color video signal in response to three output ~ ;
signals derived through said second charge transfer means.
Alternatively each set of said color filter strips can~
consist of two lines o~ color filter strips at least one of which consists of alternate filter elements which have characteristics to pass a first and second colors, respectively, of said optical image, and said first and second charge transfer means can com- ;
prise means for transferring two line signals at a time for pro-ducing two lines of output signals during each horizontal scan-ning period; and said processing circuit means can comprise means for producing the color video signal in response to said two lines of output signals derived through said second charge transfer ~
means. ~, The solid state color imaging apparatus can further comprise means for changing the number of cycles of said ~ertical transEer clock signals only at the first charge shifting of said first charge transfer means in each field, so that said second charge transfer means transfers out charge signals from different sets of photosensitive element lines which are shifted in the -~
vertical direction in alternate fields.
The solid stae color imaging apparatus can further com-prise charge eliminating means coupled to said second charge transfer means for eliminating a line of signal charges which are shifted first into said second charge transfer means in a second field, and wherein the number of cycles of said vertical transfer - 5f -. , - . :: -:
clocks increase one cycle only at the first charge shifting of said second charge transfer means in the second field.
The solid state color imaging apparatus can further comprise switching means coupled to said second charge transfer means for xesponding to said set o~ output signals derived from said second charge transfer means for transmitting them into each predetermined circuit, so that said output signals trans- ~ `
mitted by said switching means always represent the same color components in alternate fields.
Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description of some practical embodiments of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a striped color filter which may be additionally employed in an area imaging apparatus of the prior art for generating a color video signal;
~`:' ~; ' - 5g - - ~
'' ~.; ' ~ol~X3S3 Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing the constitution of a first embodiment of a solid state color imaging apparatus according to this invention;
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a striped color filter which is used in the imaging apparatus of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a block diagram showing the consti-tution of a second embodiment of a solid state imaging apparatus according to this invention;
Fig. 5 is a diagram of a striped color filter which is used in the imaging apparatus in Fig. 4, Figs. 6A, 6B and 6C are diagrams showing a wave shape of one of two sequential outputs from the imaging apparatus in Fig. ~, that of a vertical blanking pulse and that of a color signal in which an error information ;; signal is removed, respectively;
Fig. 7 is a block diagram showing the constitution of a third embodiment of a solid state imaging apparatus according to this invention;
Fig. 8 is a d-iagram showing the constitution of a --cross section of an output CCD register of the imaging appar-- - atus in Fig. 7;
FLg. 9 is a diagram showing the constitution of a cross section of one MIS structure of an output CCD register in Fig. 7;
Fig. 10 is a diagram showing thè wave shapes of transfer clock pulses and a gate pulse in the fir~t`field of the imaging apparatus in Fig. 7; ~ -Fig. 11 is a diagram showing the wave shapes of transfer clock pulses and a gate pulse in the second field of the imaging apparatus in Fig. 7;
Fig. 12 lS a diagram showing one example of an ~
.
~01~2353 optical system a~apted ~or ~ solid state color imaging appar-atus according to this invention; and Fig. 13 is a diagram showing a semi-circular lens which is used in the optical system in Fig. 12.
A conventional striped color filter for a solid state color imaging apparatus with a single area imaging device using any one of the abovementioned solid state imaging apparatuses is shown in Fig. 1. The striped color filter con~
sists of plural sets of striped color filter elements shown as R, B and G, which pass the red, blue and green components, respectively, of the optical color image. Such a color filter may be put on the photosensitive area of the imaging apparatus (assume it is a frame transfer imaging apparatus) so that the direction of the repetition of the color filter elements is identical with that of the horizontal charge transfer and each color filter element may cover one photosensitive element in the direction of the horizontal scan or charge transfer. In such an apparatus, one horizontal line of signal charges, which rep-resents the red, blue and green signal alternately, is trans-ferred out by the horizontal clock during the horizontal scanning period through the output CCD register. Then, the red, blue ;-and green component signals are obtained from the se~uential out-put of the output register through the sampling circuit which operates synchronously with the high speed horizontal clock and separates them from each other. These color component signals ~ ;
are processed to produce a color video signal.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS ~
'~ :
Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of the first embodiment ~ -of the invention, which employs an X-Y address method. A ~ ;
; 30 photosensitive area of this solid state color imaging appar-atus has the same constitution as that of a conventional X-Y
address area imager, which consists of a plurality of photo-diodes la, lb and lc and switching MOS transistors 2a, 2b _ 7 _ - . : ' , :
~)8235;~
and 2c. On this photosensing area, a striped color filter 10, shown in Fig. 3, is placed so that each striped filter element 101, 102, 103 covers one line of photosensitive ele-ments in the direction of a horizontal scan, such as shown in Fig. 2. The striped filter elements 101, 102 and 103 pass green, red and blue components of an optical image, respectively. Therefore, the charge diminutions in the photodiodes la, lb and lc caused by the photon flux incidence through the striped filter elements represent green, red and blue information, respectively~ Details of the photon flux integration mode are discussed, for instance in the a~oresaid WES~ON Technical Papers.
This photodiode array is scanned both with a vertical scanning shift register 104 driven by a vertical cloek gen-erator 105 and a horizontal scanning shift register 106 driven by a horizontal eloek generator 107. In response to an output pulse of the vertical scanning shift register 104, each set of three switching MOS transistors 108a, 108b and 108c turn on, thus three lines are accessed at a time.
Since these switching transistors 108a, 108b and 108c are kept in the conductive state throughout the horizontal - 7a -1~8:~:3S~ ~
scanning period, green, xed and blue component signals are derived simul-taneously through separate output lines 109, 110 and 111, respectively, in synchronization with the succ-essive clock pulse from the horizonkal scanning shift register 106. The color component signals are amplified by pre-amplifiers 115, 116 and 117, have a clock noise which is present therein removed by low-pass filters 118, 119 and 120, and then are processed in an encoder 121 to generate a color video signal such as the NTSC standard signal. Numexals 112, 1~ 113 and 114 in Fig. 2 represent detecting resistors for detecting the amount of recharging current, which corresponds to the diminution of the initial charge, and E represents a d-c voltage source.
According to this color imaging apparatus, the color . ~
information is formed not with three bits in the horizontal scanning direction, but with those in the vertical scanning direction. The number of pho-tosensitive elements which are aligned in the horizontal scanning direction is the same as ; that of the black and white imaging apparatus of this type 20 to obtain the same horizontal resolution. Therefore, this ~;
apparatus does not require such an extremely high speed shift register as -the horizontal scanner, which should operate at more than a 12 MHz clock. In addition to this advantage, the increment of the photosensitive elements in the vertical scanning direction causes no severe requirement for the vertical scanning circuit which comprises the vertical clock generator 105, the vertical shift register 104, and the switching MOS transistors 108a, 108b and 108c.
A 2:1 interlacing of this apparatus may be `~
achieved by reading out diffexent sets of three lines of charge signals in al'cernate fields. For example, it can be achieved by reading out every two sets of three lines in the ~ 8 --~)82~53 .
firs-t field and -the remaining se-ts in the second field.
It can also be achieved efectively by -the following method which is described in connection with the second embodiment shown in Fig. 4.
The solid state color imaging apparatus shown in Fig. 4 produces a color video signal not by deriving three coIor component signals, bu-t by deriving two lines of output signals, one of which represents a green component or a luminance of the image,and the other of which represents red and blue components alternately. The photosensitive axea of this apparatus has the same construction as -that of Fig.
2, in which 3a, 3b and 3c indicate photodiodes and 4a, 4b and 4c indicate switching MOS transistors, respectively.
Fig. 5 shows a striped color filter 20 employed in this apparatus, in which filter elements 201 are consecutive in a certain direction and pass the green light component or all color components, and filter elements 202 including red filter elements 202a for passing the red component and blue - fiIter elements 202b for passing the bl~e component, which ~:
filter elements 202a and 202b are arranged alternately in the aforesaid direction. This striped color filter 20 is placed upon the photosensitive area so that aforesaid di.rection is in accord with the direction of the horizontal scan and each filter element covers one.line of photodiodes.
A vertical scanning shift register 203 is driven by a vertical clock generator 204 under the control of clock generator 205, and a horizontal scanning shift register 206 is driven by a horizontal clock generator 207 in synchroniza-tion with the vertical clock. The output pulse of the vertica~
scanning register 203 is supplied to one of the input gates of AND circuits 208 and 209 and a gate electrode of a switching MOS transistor 210 as well. To another input gate of the AND
, , ~ `' ' ~;2353 circuits 20~ and 209, outputs Q and Q from a flip-flop circuit 213 are supplied, respectively, which flip-flop circuit changes its output mode at -the end of each field in response to a scanning pulse from the vertical scanning register 203.
The output terminals of the AND circuits 208 and 209 are connected respectively to gate electrodes oE switching MOS
transistors 211 and 212.
Supposing the output Q is high and Q is low in the first field, the AND circuits 208 are conductive in response to the scanning pulse from the vertical regiSter 203 and the AND circuits 209 are kept nonconductive throughout this ~` field, irrespective of the scanning pulse. Since the MOS
transistors 210 and 211 are conductive in accordance with the scanning pulse, two lines of charge signals, one of which is a first signal representing the green component or the luminance and another is a second signal representing the red and blue components alternately, are derived through output lines 214 and 215 when~the switching MOS transistors ~ ;s 4a, 4b and 4c, and therefore the photodiodes 3a, 3b and 3c, ;
are scanned with both the two scanning registers 203 and 206.
The first and second signals are amplified by pre-amplifiers 216 and 217, and the clock noise is removed threrefrom by low-pass filters 218 and 219, respectively. The second signal is i then supplied to a switching`circuit 220 which separates the red and blue component signals from each other in accordance with the horizontal clock pulse from the horizontal clock ~ -generator 207 or the pulse generated therefrom. Such switching circuit 220 can be constltuted by a conventional high speed analog switch. The green component signal from the `~
low-pass filter 218 and the red and blue component signals from the switching circuit 220 are supplied to a gate circuit 221, then to an encoder 222 to generate the color :.-. . . , : ~ . , ~L082353 video signal. Numerals 223 and 224 designate resistors for detectin~ the recharyincJ curren-t.
When -the signals are read out for the whole first field, the flip-flop 213 changes its output mode so that Q is low and Q is high in response to the output pulse from the vertical scanning shift register 203. As this output mode is maintained throughout the second field, the ~ND
circuits 208 and switching MOS transistors 211 are noncon-ductive. Therefore, the AND circuit 20~ turns on in the second field when the scanning pulse from the vertical scanning shift register 203 is supplied to the other gate. Since the switching MOS transistors 210 and 211 are in the conductive state during one horizontal scanning period, two lines of charge signals are derived simultaneously through the output lines 214 and 215, which two lines are shifted by one line from those in the first field. These two output signals are processed to produce the color video signal in the same manner as the first field.
In this apparatus, detected signal charges are formed during one field interval. But those in the first line and the last line which represent the green component light or the luminance are read out once in the frame interval.
Consequently, the last two line signals in the first field.
and the first ones in the second field contain error signals which are due to the longer charge storage time, that is one frame interval. Various ways can be provided in order that such line signals are not reproduced on a color television display ~ev~~ae. One way is to operate the display device in ~-the state of over scanning~ Another way is to remove such line signals from the color video signal in the color tele-vison display device or in ~e imaging apparatus. The solid state color imaging apparatus in Flg. ~ includes the gate ~ . .
~8Z3~3 circuit 221 which removes the last line signals in the first field and -the first line signals in the second field from the color component signals G, R and B, such as shown in Fig. 6A, in accordance with a gate pulse which is generated in the clock generator 205 and shown in Fig. 6B, to produce the color component signals G', R' and s', such as shown in Fig. 6C.
This method of achieving the 2:1 interlacing is readily adapted to the apparatus in Fig. 2, which produces three line signals at a time. ~'o put it briefly, certain sets of three lines are read out in the first field and different sets which are shifted by either one line or two lines in the direction of the vertical scan are read out in ~ ~
the second field. Moreover, a 3:1 interlacing can be achieved ;' by reading out each set of three lines in each field which is shifted by one line in such direction in successive fieldS
According to this method, the 2:1 interlacing is achieved by provlding only one additional line of photosen~
sitive elements in the noninterlacing color imaging apparatus ;~
~of this type. ~;
Fig. 7 shows a third embodiment of the present invention, which employs a CCD imager based on the inter line transfer method. This solid state color imaging apparatus, therefore, consists of a plurality of photosensors 303, ~ `
vertical transfer CCD registers 304, a horizontal transfer CCD register 305 with two parallel horizontal transfer channels under the control of a plurality of lines of transfer electrodes 306-311, an elimination region 312 and output electrodes 313 and 314, a clock generator 315, a process circuit and a striped color filter 20 as shown in Fig. 5. The striped color filter 20 is placed on the imaging array so that the aforementioned direction of the striped filter elements is in accord with ::. :- .. . . : -the direction of the horizontal -transEer or scan and each filter element covers one line of photosensors 303.
In this apparatus, the detected charges are stored during one field interval in the photosensors 303, such as an MIS structure with gate electrodes, then -transferred into corresponding positions of -the vertical -transfer channels 304 in accordance with the gate pulse ~G shown in Fig. 10, in the vertical blanking period TBV of the first field.
Supposing tha-t all of the CC~s have an n-type silicon substrate, and operate with a two-phase clock signal, the detected charges are transferred into the vertical channels 304 from the ver-tical transfer electrodes where a vertical clock signal ~Vl is supplied which is kept at a certain negative voltage level . during the vertical blanking period and horizontal scanning period, as shown in Fig. 10.
Since the even numbered electrodes from the left of the lines of transfer electrodes 306, 308, 310 and 311 are . always at zero volts, and the horizontal clock signal ~H2 is zero, transfer channels are formed by the odd numbered 20 electrodes of lines of transfer electrodes 306-311 during the horizontal blanking period TBH and the vertical blanking period - TB~. The charge signals are shifted two lines at a time into the horizontal CCD register 305 from the odd number electrodes of lines of transfer electrodes 307 and 309 by the vertical transfer clock signals ~ v2 and ~V~ and the horizontal clock pulse ~Hl' At the end of these blanking periods, the level of signal ~V rises to zero volts and is kept at this : :
level throughout the next horizontal scanning period Ts.
This results in forming parallel transfer channels in the lines 30 of transfer electrodes 307 and 309. On the other hand, signal ~1 is kept at a negative voltage level throughout `
the horizontal scanning period Ts to store the charge signals . .
~ - 13 -~0~23S3 at the vertical transfer electrodes where signal ~Vl is supplied.
3ur.ing the horizontal scanning period l's~ two lines of charge signals are transferred out simultaneously through the output electrodes 313 and 314 where bias vol-tage E2 is supplied, under the control of the horizontal clock signals ~Hl and ~2. A first signal derived from the :~
electrode 313 represents the green light component or the luminance of the color image and a second signal from the electrode 314 represents the red and blue light components alternately. These.signals are detected by detecting re-sistors 315 and 316 by way of current sensing, amplified by pre-ampllfiers 317 and 318, and then supplied to a first switching circuit 319. The first switching circuit 31~ ., includes a palr of switching elements Swl and S_ , each of ~
which has two input terminals where the outputs of the pre- ~; ;
amplifiers 317 and 318 are provided, respectively, and has one output terminal which is connected to one of the two . .
input terminals.throughout the field interval. This input-20 output connection mode changes in the alternate fields under `
the control of a switching pulse ~S which is generated in the clock signal generator 315, so that elements S_ and S_ ~ ~.
Wl W2 will always transmit the first signal and the second signal, respectively. The first and second signals are then processed ::
in the same way as.the apparatus in Fig. 4 by low-pass filters 320 and 321, a second switching circuit 322 which operates in the same manner as the switching circuit 220 in Fig. 4 in accordance with a clock signal ~Hl so as to separate the ~
red and blue component signals from each other, and by an -encoder 323 to produce the color video signal.
The 2:1 interlacing of this apparatus is achieved, for instance, by generating three cycles of pulses in transfer ~ 14 - :
~, . . .
. . : .
~01~353 clock signals ~ , (p , (p_ and ~ only in the vertical Vl v2 V Hl blankillg ~eriod of the second field, as shown in Fig. 11.
When the signal read-out is over in the Eirst field, signal charges detected by the photosensors during the ~irst field are transferred by the gate pulse ~G into the vertical transfer channels by the transfer electrodes where signal ~_ is supplied at the beginning oE t.he second fleld. If the last line signal charges which have been transferred to the nearest positions in the horizontal register 305 at the end of the first field remain there, the first line signal charges from the nearest photosensors to the horizontal register 305 are mixed with them. These mixed charges are removed through ~ -the elimination region 312 which has a p-n junction structure negatively biased with a d-c voltage El when the third pulse appear~ in the clock signal ~ll The structure of the elimination region 312 is shown in Fig. 8 which is a cross-sectional view taken along section lines A-A' in Fig. 7 where numerals 324, 325 and 326 represent an n-type silicon substrate, an insulating layer and a p-type conductivity 20 region, respectively. As the result, two lines of signal ~`
charges which are shifted by one line with respect to those -of the first field are transferred into the horizontal transfer register 305 by the odd numbered electrodes of the lines of transfer electrodes 307 and 309 in the same way as for the first field. Then they are transferred out by the horizontal clock signals ~H1 and ~H2 shown in Fig. 11 simul-taneously through the output electrodes 313 and 134. The first signal which is derived through the output electrode 314 and represents the green light component or the luminance of the color image is transmitted to the low-pass filter 320 by the switching element Swl in the first switching circuit 319.
The second signal which is derived through the output elec-trode , ~()8~3S3 313 and represents the red and blue light components alternately transmitted to low-pass Ei'ter 321 by the switching element Sw2. Then they are processed in -the same way as the signals for the first field to produce the color video si~nal.
In the horizontal reyister 305, each odd number MIS
structure from the left of the two transfer channels should have two transfer directions, i.e. a vertical transfer direc-tion (Y-direction) and a horizontal one (X-direction). One example of such an MIS structure is shown in Fig. 9, which has a stepped insulating layer configura-tion in both directions.
The thickness of the insulating layer of the MIS structure, the electrode of which is always kept zero volts, can be uni-~form because it functions as a channel stopper. With respec-t to other MIS structures, they have a stepped insulating layer - configuration in each one of the transfer directions.
Considering the blooming problem, this embodiment ~' can be arranged so that the charge mixing in the second field ~; ;
is not caused. Thls is achieved by reading out whole signal charges in the first field. In this case, only one cycle pulse is produced in the vertical transfer clock signals ~Vl' ~V2 and ~V and the horizontal cloc~ signal ~Hl only in the vertical blanking period TBV in order to shift the position of a pair of line signals by one line from that of the first field. The signals which are transferred out last in the first field and first in the second field are removed from the color video signal in the same manner as in the apparatus in Fig. 4.
In this apparatus, the ~requencies of the horizontal ~, clock signals ~Hl and ~H2 are no higher than in the conventional black and white solid state imaging apparatus. Furthermore, the increment of the photosensors and the CCD elements in the vertical scanning direction does not cause problems in the vertical scanning circuit, but only requires production of :`
.: . .
~)8235;3~
two c~cles of -the vertical transfer clock pulses in the hori-zontal blanking period TBH.
IE it is required to read out three output signals at a time in the color imaging apparatus which employs CCDs or BBDs and the striped color filter such as shown in Fig. 3, : the vertical transfer clock signals ~Vl~ ~V2 and ~V and the horizontal transfer clock signal 'PH1 shoul~ h~we three cycle pulses in the blanking period and the horizontal register should include three parallel transfer channels. In the solid state color imaging apparatus descri.bed above, there is no : increment of photosensitive elements in the direction of the horizontal scan in comparison with the black and white imaging apparatus, but the number of them in the direction of the - vertical scan is twice or three times that in the black and .
white imaging apparatus~ Therefore, if necessary, a semi-circular lens can be utilized to expand the optical image only in the direction of the vertical scan in order to improve the :~
vertical resolution of this apparatus. Fig. 12 shows such :
an optical system in which a semi-circular lens 42, such as ~ -.
shown in Fig. 13, is disposed between a striped color filter 43 and a lens 41 which focuses the optical image of an object :
40 upon a photosensitive array 44 through the striped color filter 43. . .
Although this invention has been particularly shown and described, it is contemplated that various changes and ;~
modifications may be made without departing in any way from : .
the scope of this invention as set forth in the following claims.
,~
'~
. ~ . . . .
,. . : :. . :
Fig. 5 shows a striped color filter 20 employed in this apparatus, in which filter elements 201 are consecutive in a certain direction and pass the green light component or all color components, and filter elements 202 including red filter elements 202a for passing the red component and blue - fiIter elements 202b for passing the bl~e component, which ~:
filter elements 202a and 202b are arranged alternately in the aforesaid direction. This striped color filter 20 is placed upon the photosensitive area so that aforesaid di.rection is in accord with the direction of the horizontal scan and each filter element covers one.line of photodiodes.
A vertical scanning shift register 203 is driven by a vertical clock generator 204 under the control of clock generator 205, and a horizontal scanning shift register 206 is driven by a horizontal clock generator 207 in synchroniza-tion with the vertical clock. The output pulse of the vertica~
scanning register 203 is supplied to one of the input gates of AND circuits 208 and 209 and a gate electrode of a switching MOS transistor 210 as well. To another input gate of the AND
, , ~ `' ' ~;2353 circuits 20~ and 209, outputs Q and Q from a flip-flop circuit 213 are supplied, respectively, which flip-flop circuit changes its output mode at -the end of each field in response to a scanning pulse from the vertical scanning register 203.
The output terminals of the AND circuits 208 and 209 are connected respectively to gate electrodes oE switching MOS
transistors 211 and 212.
Supposing the output Q is high and Q is low in the first field, the AND circuits 208 are conductive in response to the scanning pulse from the vertical regiSter 203 and the AND circuits 209 are kept nonconductive throughout this ~` field, irrespective of the scanning pulse. Since the MOS
transistors 210 and 211 are conductive in accordance with the scanning pulse, two lines of charge signals, one of which is a first signal representing the green component or the luminance and another is a second signal representing the red and blue components alternately, are derived through output lines 214 and 215 when~the switching MOS transistors ~ ;s 4a, 4b and 4c, and therefore the photodiodes 3a, 3b and 3c, ;
are scanned with both the two scanning registers 203 and 206.
The first and second signals are amplified by pre-amplifiers 216 and 217, and the clock noise is removed threrefrom by low-pass filters 218 and 219, respectively. The second signal is i then supplied to a switching`circuit 220 which separates the red and blue component signals from each other in accordance with the horizontal clock pulse from the horizontal clock ~ -generator 207 or the pulse generated therefrom. Such switching circuit 220 can be constltuted by a conventional high speed analog switch. The green component signal from the `~
low-pass filter 218 and the red and blue component signals from the switching circuit 220 are supplied to a gate circuit 221, then to an encoder 222 to generate the color :.-. . . , : ~ . , ~L082353 video signal. Numerals 223 and 224 designate resistors for detectin~ the recharyincJ curren-t.
When -the signals are read out for the whole first field, the flip-flop 213 changes its output mode so that Q is low and Q is high in response to the output pulse from the vertical scanning shift register 203. As this output mode is maintained throughout the second field, the ~ND
circuits 208 and switching MOS transistors 211 are noncon-ductive. Therefore, the AND circuit 20~ turns on in the second field when the scanning pulse from the vertical scanning shift register 203 is supplied to the other gate. Since the switching MOS transistors 210 and 211 are in the conductive state during one horizontal scanning period, two lines of charge signals are derived simultaneously through the output lines 214 and 215, which two lines are shifted by one line from those in the first field. These two output signals are processed to produce the color video signal in the same manner as the first field.
In this apparatus, detected signal charges are formed during one field interval. But those in the first line and the last line which represent the green component light or the luminance are read out once in the frame interval.
Consequently, the last two line signals in the first field.
and the first ones in the second field contain error signals which are due to the longer charge storage time, that is one frame interval. Various ways can be provided in order that such line signals are not reproduced on a color television display ~ev~~ae. One way is to operate the display device in ~-the state of over scanning~ Another way is to remove such line signals from the color video signal in the color tele-vison display device or in ~e imaging apparatus. The solid state color imaging apparatus in Flg. ~ includes the gate ~ . .
~8Z3~3 circuit 221 which removes the last line signals in the first field and -the first line signals in the second field from the color component signals G, R and B, such as shown in Fig. 6A, in accordance with a gate pulse which is generated in the clock generator 205 and shown in Fig. 6B, to produce the color component signals G', R' and s', such as shown in Fig. 6C.
This method of achieving the 2:1 interlacing is readily adapted to the apparatus in Fig. 2, which produces three line signals at a time. ~'o put it briefly, certain sets of three lines are read out in the first field and different sets which are shifted by either one line or two lines in the direction of the vertical scan are read out in ~ ~
the second field. Moreover, a 3:1 interlacing can be achieved ;' by reading out each set of three lines in each field which is shifted by one line in such direction in successive fieldS
According to this method, the 2:1 interlacing is achieved by provlding only one additional line of photosen~
sitive elements in the noninterlacing color imaging apparatus ;~
~of this type. ~;
Fig. 7 shows a third embodiment of the present invention, which employs a CCD imager based on the inter line transfer method. This solid state color imaging apparatus, therefore, consists of a plurality of photosensors 303, ~ `
vertical transfer CCD registers 304, a horizontal transfer CCD register 305 with two parallel horizontal transfer channels under the control of a plurality of lines of transfer electrodes 306-311, an elimination region 312 and output electrodes 313 and 314, a clock generator 315, a process circuit and a striped color filter 20 as shown in Fig. 5. The striped color filter 20 is placed on the imaging array so that the aforementioned direction of the striped filter elements is in accord with ::. :- .. . . : -the direction of the horizontal -transEer or scan and each filter element covers one line of photosensors 303.
In this apparatus, the detected charges are stored during one field interval in the photosensors 303, such as an MIS structure with gate electrodes, then -transferred into corresponding positions of -the vertical -transfer channels 304 in accordance with the gate pulse ~G shown in Fig. 10, in the vertical blanking period TBV of the first field.
Supposing tha-t all of the CC~s have an n-type silicon substrate, and operate with a two-phase clock signal, the detected charges are transferred into the vertical channels 304 from the ver-tical transfer electrodes where a vertical clock signal ~Vl is supplied which is kept at a certain negative voltage level . during the vertical blanking period and horizontal scanning period, as shown in Fig. 10.
Since the even numbered electrodes from the left of the lines of transfer electrodes 306, 308, 310 and 311 are . always at zero volts, and the horizontal clock signal ~H2 is zero, transfer channels are formed by the odd numbered 20 electrodes of lines of transfer electrodes 306-311 during the horizontal blanking period TBH and the vertical blanking period - TB~. The charge signals are shifted two lines at a time into the horizontal CCD register 305 from the odd number electrodes of lines of transfer electrodes 307 and 309 by the vertical transfer clock signals ~ v2 and ~V~ and the horizontal clock pulse ~Hl' At the end of these blanking periods, the level of signal ~V rises to zero volts and is kept at this : :
level throughout the next horizontal scanning period Ts.
This results in forming parallel transfer channels in the lines 30 of transfer electrodes 307 and 309. On the other hand, signal ~1 is kept at a negative voltage level throughout `
the horizontal scanning period Ts to store the charge signals . .
~ - 13 -~0~23S3 at the vertical transfer electrodes where signal ~Vl is supplied.
3ur.ing the horizontal scanning period l's~ two lines of charge signals are transferred out simultaneously through the output electrodes 313 and 314 where bias vol-tage E2 is supplied, under the control of the horizontal clock signals ~Hl and ~2. A first signal derived from the :~
electrode 313 represents the green light component or the luminance of the color image and a second signal from the electrode 314 represents the red and blue light components alternately. These.signals are detected by detecting re-sistors 315 and 316 by way of current sensing, amplified by pre-ampllfiers 317 and 318, and then supplied to a first switching circuit 319. The first switching circuit 31~ ., includes a palr of switching elements Swl and S_ , each of ~
which has two input terminals where the outputs of the pre- ~; ;
amplifiers 317 and 318 are provided, respectively, and has one output terminal which is connected to one of the two . .
input terminals.throughout the field interval. This input-20 output connection mode changes in the alternate fields under `
the control of a switching pulse ~S which is generated in the clock signal generator 315, so that elements S_ and S_ ~ ~.
Wl W2 will always transmit the first signal and the second signal, respectively. The first and second signals are then processed ::
in the same way as.the apparatus in Fig. 4 by low-pass filters 320 and 321, a second switching circuit 322 which operates in the same manner as the switching circuit 220 in Fig. 4 in accordance with a clock signal ~Hl so as to separate the ~
red and blue component signals from each other, and by an -encoder 323 to produce the color video signal.
The 2:1 interlacing of this apparatus is achieved, for instance, by generating three cycles of pulses in transfer ~ 14 - :
~, . . .
. . : .
~01~353 clock signals ~ , (p , (p_ and ~ only in the vertical Vl v2 V Hl blankillg ~eriod of the second field, as shown in Fig. 11.
When the signal read-out is over in the Eirst field, signal charges detected by the photosensors during the ~irst field are transferred by the gate pulse ~G into the vertical transfer channels by the transfer electrodes where signal ~_ is supplied at the beginning oE t.he second fleld. If the last line signal charges which have been transferred to the nearest positions in the horizontal register 305 at the end of the first field remain there, the first line signal charges from the nearest photosensors to the horizontal register 305 are mixed with them. These mixed charges are removed through ~ -the elimination region 312 which has a p-n junction structure negatively biased with a d-c voltage El when the third pulse appear~ in the clock signal ~ll The structure of the elimination region 312 is shown in Fig. 8 which is a cross-sectional view taken along section lines A-A' in Fig. 7 where numerals 324, 325 and 326 represent an n-type silicon substrate, an insulating layer and a p-type conductivity 20 region, respectively. As the result, two lines of signal ~`
charges which are shifted by one line with respect to those -of the first field are transferred into the horizontal transfer register 305 by the odd numbered electrodes of the lines of transfer electrodes 307 and 309 in the same way as for the first field. Then they are transferred out by the horizontal clock signals ~H1 and ~H2 shown in Fig. 11 simul-taneously through the output electrodes 313 and 134. The first signal which is derived through the output electrode 314 and represents the green light component or the luminance of the color image is transmitted to the low-pass filter 320 by the switching element Swl in the first switching circuit 319.
The second signal which is derived through the output elec-trode , ~()8~3S3 313 and represents the red and blue light components alternately transmitted to low-pass Ei'ter 321 by the switching element Sw2. Then they are processed in -the same way as the signals for the first field to produce the color video si~nal.
In the horizontal reyister 305, each odd number MIS
structure from the left of the two transfer channels should have two transfer directions, i.e. a vertical transfer direc-tion (Y-direction) and a horizontal one (X-direction). One example of such an MIS structure is shown in Fig. 9, which has a stepped insulating layer configura-tion in both directions.
The thickness of the insulating layer of the MIS structure, the electrode of which is always kept zero volts, can be uni-~form because it functions as a channel stopper. With respec-t to other MIS structures, they have a stepped insulating layer - configuration in each one of the transfer directions.
Considering the blooming problem, this embodiment ~' can be arranged so that the charge mixing in the second field ~; ;
is not caused. Thls is achieved by reading out whole signal charges in the first field. In this case, only one cycle pulse is produced in the vertical transfer clock signals ~Vl' ~V2 and ~V and the horizontal cloc~ signal ~Hl only in the vertical blanking period TBV in order to shift the position of a pair of line signals by one line from that of the first field. The signals which are transferred out last in the first field and first in the second field are removed from the color video signal in the same manner as in the apparatus in Fig. 4.
In this apparatus, the ~requencies of the horizontal ~, clock signals ~Hl and ~H2 are no higher than in the conventional black and white solid state imaging apparatus. Furthermore, the increment of the photosensors and the CCD elements in the vertical scanning direction does not cause problems in the vertical scanning circuit, but only requires production of :`
.: . .
~)8235;3~
two c~cles of -the vertical transfer clock pulses in the hori-zontal blanking period TBH.
IE it is required to read out three output signals at a time in the color imaging apparatus which employs CCDs or BBDs and the striped color filter such as shown in Fig. 3, : the vertical transfer clock signals ~Vl~ ~V2 and ~V and the horizontal transfer clock signal 'PH1 shoul~ h~we three cycle pulses in the blanking period and the horizontal register should include three parallel transfer channels. In the solid state color imaging apparatus descri.bed above, there is no : increment of photosensitive elements in the direction of the horizontal scan in comparison with the black and white imaging apparatus, but the number of them in the direction of the - vertical scan is twice or three times that in the black and .
white imaging apparatus~ Therefore, if necessary, a semi-circular lens can be utilized to expand the optical image only in the direction of the vertical scan in order to improve the :~
vertical resolution of this apparatus. Fig. 12 shows such :
an optical system in which a semi-circular lens 42, such as ~ -.
shown in Fig. 13, is disposed between a striped color filter 43 and a lens 41 which focuses the optical image of an object :
40 upon a photosensitive array 44 through the striped color filter 43. . .
Although this invention has been particularly shown and described, it is contemplated that various changes and ;~
modifications may be made without departing in any way from : .
the scope of this invention as set forth in the following claims.
,~
'~
. ~ . . . .
,. . : :. . :
Claims (19)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A solid state color imaging apparatus for producing a color video signal representing an optical image of an object, said apparatus comprising:
photosensitive means which consists of a plurality of photosensitive elements which are arranged substantially in line both in the horizontal and vertical scanning directions and color filter means consisting of a plurality of sets of color filter strips each of which strips overlies at least one line of said photosensitive elements in line in the horizontal scanning direction, which sets are arranged repeatedly in the vertical scanning direction;
first means coupled to said photosensitive means for reading out charge signals which are stored in said photosensitive elements from one set of said photosensitive element lines at a time in synchronism with a clock pulse for producing a set of output signals during each horizontal scanning period; and second means coupled to said first means for responding to said set of output signals for processing these output signals to produce the color video signal.
photosensitive means which consists of a plurality of photosensitive elements which are arranged substantially in line both in the horizontal and vertical scanning directions and color filter means consisting of a plurality of sets of color filter strips each of which strips overlies at least one line of said photosensitive elements in line in the horizontal scanning direction, which sets are arranged repeatedly in the vertical scanning direction;
first means coupled to said photosensitive means for reading out charge signals which are stored in said photosensitive elements from one set of said photosensitive element lines at a time in synchronism with a clock pulse for producing a set of output signals during each horizontal scanning period; and second means coupled to said first means for responding to said set of output signals for processing these output signals to produce the color video signal.
2. A solid state color imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein each set of said color filter strips consists of three lines of color filter strips which have characteristics to pass different color light components of said optical image, said first means being means for reading out said charge signals three lines at a time for producing three lines of output signals during each horizontal scanning period, and said second means being means for responding to said three lines of output signals to produce said color video signal.
3. A solid state color imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein each set of said color filter strips consists of two lines of color filter strips, at least one of which consists of alternate filter elements which have characteristics to pass a first and second colors, respectively, of said optical image, said first means being means for reading out said charge signals two lines at a time for producing two lines of output signals during each horizontal scanning period, said second means being means for responding to said two lines of output signals to produce the color video signal.
4. A solid state color imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein each set of said color filter strips consists of two lines of color filter strips, one of which has charac-teristics to pass a green light component or luminance of said optical image and the other of which consists of alternate filter elements to pass a red light component and a blue light component of said optical image, respectively, said first means being means for producing a first output signal representing the green light component or luminance of said optical image and a second output signal representing the red and blue light components alternately, and said second means comprises a first circuit for responding to said first output signal for producing a green component signal or luminance signal, a second circuit for responding to said second output signal for producing a red component signal and a blue component signal, and a third circuit coupled to said first and second circuits for producing the color video signal.
5. A solid state color imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 1 further comprising optical means which is disposed in front of said photosensitive means for expanding said optical image in the vertical scanning direction.
6. A solid state color imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first means comprises means for reading out said charge signals from under sets of said color filter strips at a time in successive fields during each horizontal scanning period, which sets are shifted by one line in the vertical scanning direction in said successive fields.
7. A solid state color imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said first means comprises means for reading out said charge signals from under a first set of said color filter strips in a first field and from under a second set of color filter strips which are shifted with respect to said first set by one line in the vertical scanning direction in a second field, whereby a 2:1 interlacing is achieved.
8. A solid state color imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 7, further comprising third means coupled to said first means for removing from said set of output signals the line signal which is read out during the last and the first horizontal scanning period in each field.
9. A solid state color imaging apparatus for producing a color video signal representing an optical image of an object, said apparatus comprising:
photosensitive means which consists of a plurality of photosensitive elements which are arranged substantially in line in the horizontal scanning direction and the vertical scanning direction and color filter means consisting of a plurality of sets of color filter strips each of which strips overlies at least one line of said photosensitive elements in a horizontal scanning direction, which sets are arranged repeatedly in a vertical scanning direction;
vertical scanning means coupled to said photosensitive means for generating a vertical scanning pulse for accessing one set of lines of said photosensitive elements under one of said sets of color filter strips at a time;
horizontal scanning means coupled to said photosensitive means for generating a horizontal scanning pulse;
output circuit means through which a set of output signals are derived which correspond to charge signals stored in said photosensitive elements under said sets of color filter strips switching circuit means coupled between said photosensitive means and said output circuit means to which said scanning means are connected for transmitting said charge signals one set at a time from said photosensitive elements to said out-put circuit means when both said vertical scanning pulse and said horizontal scanning pulse are supplied thereto; and processing circuit means coupled to said output circuit means for responding to said set of output signals from said output circuit means for processing them for producing the color video signal.
photosensitive means which consists of a plurality of photosensitive elements which are arranged substantially in line in the horizontal scanning direction and the vertical scanning direction and color filter means consisting of a plurality of sets of color filter strips each of which strips overlies at least one line of said photosensitive elements in a horizontal scanning direction, which sets are arranged repeatedly in a vertical scanning direction;
vertical scanning means coupled to said photosensitive means for generating a vertical scanning pulse for accessing one set of lines of said photosensitive elements under one of said sets of color filter strips at a time;
horizontal scanning means coupled to said photosensitive means for generating a horizontal scanning pulse;
output circuit means through which a set of output signals are derived which correspond to charge signals stored in said photosensitive elements under said sets of color filter strips switching circuit means coupled between said photosensitive means and said output circuit means to which said scanning means are connected for transmitting said charge signals one set at a time from said photosensitive elements to said out-put circuit means when both said vertical scanning pulse and said horizontal scanning pulse are supplied thereto; and processing circuit means coupled to said output circuit means for responding to said set of output signals from said output circuit means for processing them for producing the color video signal.
10. A solid state color imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 9 wherein each set of color filter strips consists of three lines of filter strips which have characteristics to pass different color light components of said optical image, and said vertical scanning means comprises a vertical scanning shift register and a plurality of sets of switching elements coupled thereto, three of which are made conductive at a time by said vertical scanning pulse from said vertical scanning shift register, whereby said vertical scanning means accesses three lines of photosensitive elements under one of said sets of color filter strips at a time and said output circuit means derives three lines of output signals at a time which represent different color components in accordance with a horizontal scan by said horizontal scanning means.
11. A solid state color imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 9 wherein said vertical scanning means comprises a vertical scanning shift register and a plurality of sets of switching elements coupled thereto, two of which are made conductive at a time by said vertical scanning pulse from said vertical scanning shift register, whereby said vertical scanning means accesses two lines of photosensitive elements under one set of said color filter strips at a time and said output circuit means derives two lines of output signals at a time in accordance with said horizontal scanning pulse from said horizontal scanning means.
12. A solid state color imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein said vertical scanning means comprises:
a vertical scanning shift register;
a first circuit coupled to said vertical scanning shift register for responding to a scanning pulse from said vertical scanning shift register for generating said vertical scanning pulse for accessing a plurality of lines of photosensitive elements under one set of color filter strips at a time; and a second circuit coupled to said photosensitive means for shifting position of said access of said lines of photo-sensitive elements by one line in alternate fields.
a vertical scanning shift register;
a first circuit coupled to said vertical scanning shift register for responding to a scanning pulse from said vertical scanning shift register for generating said vertical scanning pulse for accessing a plurality of lines of photosensitive elements under one set of color filter strips at a time; and a second circuit coupled to said photosensitive means for shifting position of said access of said lines of photo-sensitive elements by one line in alternate fields.
13. A solid state color imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 12 wherein said first circuit consists of first and second groups of AND circuits, each of which AND circuits has two input gates, the AND circuits in the first group each being paired with an AND circuit in the second group, one input of the AND circuits of each pair being connected to a corresponding out-put terminal of said vertical scanning shift register; and a plurality of groups of switching elements, the elements of the first group of which are coupled to the AND circuits of the first group of AND circuits to turn on in accordance with an output from said first group of AND circuits, the elements of the second group of which are coupled to the AND circuits of the second group of AND circuits to turn on in accordance with an output from said second group of AND circuits, and the elements of the third group of which are coupled to said vertical scanning shift register to turn on in accordance with a scanning pulse from said corresponding output terminals of said vertical scanning shift register; and said second circuit consists of:
a flip-flop circuit which changes its output mode in a vertical blanking period and keeps it throughout a succeeding field; and a circuit coupling of the outputs of said flip-flop circuit to the other input gate of said AND circuits of said first group of AND circuits and coupling the other output of said flip-flop circuit to the other input gate of said AND
circuits of said second group of AND circuits, whereby one of said first and second groups of AND circuits is in the con-ductive state in each field in order to shift positions of said set of photosensitive element lines by one line in alternate fields.
a flip-flop circuit which changes its output mode in a vertical blanking period and keeps it throughout a succeeding field; and a circuit coupling of the outputs of said flip-flop circuit to the other input gate of said AND circuits of said first group of AND circuits and coupling the other output of said flip-flop circuit to the other input gate of said AND
circuits of said second group of AND circuits, whereby one of said first and second groups of AND circuits is in the con-ductive state in each field in order to shift positions of said set of photosensitive element lines by one line in alternate fields.
14. A solid state color imaging apparatus for producing a color video signal representing an optical image of an object, said apparatus comprsing:
photosenstive means which consists of a plurality of photo-sensitive elements which are arranged substantially in line both in the horizontal and vertical scanning directions and color filter means consisting of a plurality of sets of color filter strips each of which strips overlies at least one line of said photosensitive elements in a horizontal scanning direction and forms a set of line signals, which sets are arranged repeatedly in a vertical scanning direction;
first charge transfer means coupled to said photosensitive means for shifting charge signals from a set of photosensitive elements under one set of color filter strips at a time in a horizontal blanking period by vertical transfer clock signals, which charge signals for producing a set of line signals have been transferred thereto from said photosensitive means in a vertical blanking period;
second charge transfer means coupled to said first charge transfer means having a set of transfer channels for trans-ferring out said charge signals one set at a time, which have been shifted thereinto from said first transfer means in said horizontal blanking period, in a horizontal scanning period by horizontal transfer clock signals for producing a set of out-put signals which correspond to said set of line signals; and processing circuit means coupled to said second charge transfer means for responding to said set of output signals which are derived through said set of transfer channels of said second charge transfer means for producing the color video signal.
photosenstive means which consists of a plurality of photo-sensitive elements which are arranged substantially in line both in the horizontal and vertical scanning directions and color filter means consisting of a plurality of sets of color filter strips each of which strips overlies at least one line of said photosensitive elements in a horizontal scanning direction and forms a set of line signals, which sets are arranged repeatedly in a vertical scanning direction;
first charge transfer means coupled to said photosensitive means for shifting charge signals from a set of photosensitive elements under one set of color filter strips at a time in a horizontal blanking period by vertical transfer clock signals, which charge signals for producing a set of line signals have been transferred thereto from said photosensitive means in a vertical blanking period;
second charge transfer means coupled to said first charge transfer means having a set of transfer channels for trans-ferring out said charge signals one set at a time, which have been shifted thereinto from said first transfer means in said horizontal blanking period, in a horizontal scanning period by horizontal transfer clock signals for producing a set of out-put signals which correspond to said set of line signals; and processing circuit means coupled to said second charge transfer means for responding to said set of output signals which are derived through said set of transfer channels of said second charge transfer means for producing the color video signal.
15. A solid state color imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 14 wherein each set of said color filter strips consists of three lines of filter strips which have characteristics to pass different color light components of said optical image to form three line signals;
said first and second charge transfer means comprise means for transferring three lines of signals at a time, and said processing circuit means comprises means for producing the color video signal in response to three output signals derived through said second charge transfer means.
said first and second charge transfer means comprise means for transferring three lines of signals at a time, and said processing circuit means comprises means for producing the color video signal in response to three output signals derived through said second charge transfer means.
16. A solid state color imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 14 wherein each set of said color filter strips consists of two lines of color filter strips at least one of which con-sists of alternate filter elements which have characteristics to pass a first and second colors, respectively, of said optical image, said first and second charge transfer means comprise means for transferring two line signals at a time for producing two lines of output signals during each horizontal scanning period;
and said processing circuit means comprises means for producing the color video signal in response to said two lines of output signals derived through said second charge transfer means.
and said processing circuit means comprises means for producing the color video signal in response to said two lines of output signals derived through said second charge transfer means.
17. A solid state color imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 14, further comprising means for changing the number of cycles of said vertical transfer clock signals only at the first charge shifting of said first charge transfer means in each field, so that said second charge transfer means tranfers out charge signals from different sets of photosensitive element lines which are shifted in the vertical scanning direction in alternate fields.
18. A solid state color imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 17, further comprising charge eliminating means coupled to said second charge transfer means for eliminating a line of signal charges which are shifted first into said second charge transfer means in a second field, and wherein the number of cycles of said vertical transfer clocks increase one cycle only at the first charge shifting of said second charge transfer means in the second field.
19. A solid state color imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 17, further comprising switching means coupled to said second charge transfer means for responding to said set of out-put signals derived from said second charge transfer means for transmitting them into each predetermined circuit, so that said output signals transmitted by said switching means always represent the same color components in alternate fields.
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP49110871A JPS5137529A (en) | 1974-09-25 | 1974-09-25 | Karaakotaisatsuzosochi |
| JP49-110871/1974 | 1974-09-25 | ||
| JP49-110872/1974 | 1974-09-25 | ||
| JP49110873A JPS5137531A (en) | 1974-09-25 | 1974-09-25 | Karaakotaisatsuzosochi |
| JP49-110873/1974 | 1974-09-25 | ||
| JP49110872A JPS5137530A (en) | 1974-09-25 | 1974-09-25 | Karaakotaisatsuzosochi |
| JP49130839A JPS5838026B2 (en) | 1974-11-12 | 1974-11-12 | color signal generator |
| JP49-130839/1974 | 1974-11-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1082353A true CA1082353A (en) | 1980-07-22 |
Family
ID=27469857
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA236,242A Expired CA1082353A (en) | 1974-09-25 | 1975-09-24 | Solid state color imaging apparatus |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4117510A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1082353A (en) |
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| JPS5853830B2 (en) * | 1977-07-13 | 1983-12-01 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Color solid-state imaging device |
| GB2014397B (en) * | 1978-02-10 | 1982-08-18 | Hitachi Ltd | Solid-state colour imaging device |
| JPS5562438A (en) * | 1978-11-02 | 1980-05-10 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Reversal image pickup apparatus |
| US4293871A (en) * | 1979-12-03 | 1981-10-06 | Albert Macovski | Solid state color television camera with multiple line readout |
| JPS606147B2 (en) * | 1979-12-07 | 1985-02-15 | 株式会社東芝 | solid state imaging device |
| US4322638A (en) * | 1980-01-16 | 1982-03-30 | Eastman Kodak Company | Image sensor adaptable for fast frame readout |
| US4322752A (en) * | 1980-01-16 | 1982-03-30 | Eastman Technology, Inc. | Fast frame rate sensor readout |
| US4330796A (en) * | 1980-01-30 | 1982-05-18 | Eastman Kodak Company | Block readable charge coupled device |
| JPS5735492A (en) * | 1980-08-13 | 1982-02-26 | Hitachi Ltd | Image pickup device |
| US4605956A (en) * | 1984-09-10 | 1986-08-12 | Eastman Kodak Company | Single-chip electronic color camera with color-dependent birefringent optical spatial frequency filter and red and blue signal interpolating circuit |
| DE3615342A1 (en) * | 1985-05-08 | 1986-11-13 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., Minami-Ashigara, Kanagawa | COLOR IMAGE SENSOR |
| US4802001A (en) * | 1985-09-20 | 1989-01-31 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Micro filter arrangement in an interlaced solid-state image pickup element |
| US4896207A (en) * | 1988-06-17 | 1990-01-23 | Eastman Kodak Company | Color imaging apparatus employing a horizontal stripe color filter to reduce rise-time artifacts |
| US4876590A (en) * | 1988-06-17 | 1989-10-24 | Eastman Kodak Company | Low resolution verifier for a still video image |
| US5138416A (en) * | 1991-07-12 | 1992-08-11 | Xerox Corporation | Multi-color photosensitive element with heterojunctions |
| US5521640A (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1996-05-28 | At&T Global Information Solutions Company | Color image array scanner with high resolution monochrome mode |
| GB9524560D0 (en) * | 1995-12-01 | 1996-01-31 | Philips Electronics Nv | Multiplexer circuit |
| EP0809395A3 (en) * | 1996-05-22 | 1998-03-18 | Eastman Kodak Company | An X-Y addressable CMOS APS with compact pixel pitch |
| JPH11196427A (en) * | 1997-12-26 | 1999-07-21 | Canon Inc | Single plate color image pickup device |
| US7554590B2 (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2009-06-30 | Digital Imaging Systems Gmbh | Simultaneous readout of CMOS APS imagers |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2634328A (en) * | 1947-06-27 | 1953-04-07 | Rca Corp | Television system |
| US2689270A (en) * | 1951-06-29 | 1954-09-14 | Rca Corp | Color television camera |
| US2797257A (en) * | 1954-07-26 | 1957-06-25 | Rca Corp | Color television cameras |
| US3472948A (en) * | 1966-08-01 | 1969-10-14 | Us Navy | Color image dissector |
| US3502289A (en) * | 1968-04-24 | 1970-03-24 | Bliss Co | Arresting system |
| US3909520A (en) * | 1969-10-14 | 1975-09-30 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Readout system for a solid-state television camera |
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1975
- 1975-09-23 US US05/615,885 patent/US4117510A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1975-09-24 CA CA236,242A patent/CA1082353A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4117510A (en) | 1978-09-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |