CA1089262A - System for synthesizing strip-multiplexed holograms - Google Patents

System for synthesizing strip-multiplexed holograms

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Publication number
CA1089262A
CA1089262A CA285,216A CA285216A CA1089262A CA 1089262 A CA1089262 A CA 1089262A CA 285216 A CA285216 A CA 285216A CA 1089262 A CA1089262 A CA 1089262A
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Prior art keywords
lens
image
beamsplitter
face
strip
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Expired
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CA285,216A
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French (fr)
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Stephen P. Mcgrew
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Individual
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Individual
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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/04Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
    • G03H1/0402Recording geometries or arrangements
    • G03H1/0406Image plane or focused image holograms, i.e. an image of the object or holobject is formed on, in or across the recording plane
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/04Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
    • G03H1/06Processes or apparatus for producing holograms using incoherent light
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/22Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
    • G03H1/24Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms using white light, e.g. rainbow holograms
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/26Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/04Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
    • G03H1/0486Improving or monitoring the quality of the record, e.g. by compensating distortions, aberrations
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/04Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
    • G03H1/08Synthesising holograms, i.e. holograms synthesized from objects or objects from holograms
    • G03H1/0891Processes or apparatus adapted to convert digital holographic data into a hologram
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/26Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique
    • G03H1/268Holographic stereogram
    • G03H2001/2685One step recording process
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/26Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique
    • G03H1/268Holographic stereogram
    • G03H2001/2695Dedicated printer

Abstract

TITLE
SYSTEM FOR SYNTHESIZING STRIP-MULTIPLEXED
HOLOGRAMS

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A system for synthesizing strip-multiplexed holograms, with or without coherent light, from a plurality of two-dimensional images. The two-dimensional images may be formed by a motion picutre film of a rotating subject such that each image is a view of the subject from a different angle. The images are then non-diffusely and anamorphicly projected by a lens system which compresses the image in a first direction and expands the image in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. The projected image or object beam is then superimposed on the refer-ence beam by a lens-beamsplitter which transforms the substantially planar object beam into a substantially cylindrical wavefront and projects it and the reference beam onto a holographic recording medium. As each two-dimensional image is sequentially projected, the holographic recording medium is shifted so that a plurality of laterally displaced strips are recorded. Alternate embodiments of the system utilize a holographic diffraction grating contact-printed by means of the object beam onto the holographic recording medium instead of a reference beam to produce an interference pattern, a video projection system instead of a cinema film pro-jection system, a three-color image of coherent or nondiffuse light instead of a monochromatic image, and/or three separate holographic diffraction gratings produced by three different mono-chromatic sources of coherent light instead of a single holographic diffraction grating in order to produce multicolor holograms, or a reference beam or reflective surface relief diffraction grating or Fresnel mirror behind the holographic recording medium for synthesis of reflection holograms instead of transmission holograms.
The system is capable of synthesizing image plane holograms by using a variety of disclosed processes. Techniques are also disclosed for synthesizing holograms which can be dis-played flat and illuminated with a point light source without introducing image distortion.

Description

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BAC~GROUI~D OF Tl~ INVENTION

Field of the Invention .
This invention relates to holography and, more particularly, to a system for generating strip-multiplexed transmission or reflection ho~ograms.
Description of the Prior Art Strip-multiplexed holograms are formed by a plurality of narrow, holographic images recorded on holographic recording medium in a plurality of laterally displaced, adjacent strips.
Many of the techniques for making strip-multiplexed holograms have been developed by the Multiplex Company of San Francisco.
In their system, an ordinary black and white motion picture film is made of a slowly rotating subject such that the film frarnes contain views of the subject taken from all angles around the subject, Tlle cinema film is projecked by a projector having a laser light source ~Irough ~ large spherical lens and a large cylin~rical lens placed directly beyond the spherical lens. The large lenses bring the image to a line focus near the surface of a sheet of holographic recording medium mounted in a film trans-port. ~ fan-shaped reference beam, originating at a point directly above the cylindrical lens, is projected onto the holo-graphic recording medium so that the reference beam is super-imposed upon the line focus of the image or object beam. The interference pattern formed by the superposition of the ima~e modulated object beam and the reference beam near the line focus of the image is recor~ed on the sheet of holographic recording medium mounted on an incrementally driven movable platen. ~ach frame of the motion picture film is thus recorded as a vertical strip holograrn, and the full sequence of frames is recorded as a series of adjacent, laterally spaced strip holograms on the holographic recording medium. The resulting composite hologram is viewed by bending it into a cylindrical shape ancl placing a ~ 7 ~.

'~ , ' ' lO~9Z~;2 point source white light such as a small, bright, incandescent bulb, on ~he axis of the cylinder in a position corresponding to the position of the reference beam souxce relative to the holographic recording medium when the hologram was recorded.
The resulting composite image is an accurate three-dimensional reconstruction of the subject without vertical parallax and in rainbow colors. Geometrically, the hologxam formed by this prior art method is approxiMately equivalent to the white light vie~able "rainbow hologram" develope~ around 1969 by Steve Benton of Polaroid Corporation ~rherein white-light viewability is ob-tained by restricting monochromatic viewability to a thin horizontal line as illustrated in U.S. patent 3,633,989. ~urther techniques for forming composite holograrns which are not viewable in white light, are described in "Optical lloloyra~hy" by Collier, Burckhar~t and Lin~ ~cademic Press 1971. ~ further development of the above ~escribe~ system of the Multiplex Company allows synthesizing strip-multiple~ed holograms ~ithout the use of a reference beam. ~ccording to this method, a holographic diffrac-tion grating is synthesized by projecting an unmodulated object beam and the reference beam onto the holographic recording medium.
The diffraction grating thereby produced is then placed in con-tact with the holographic recording medium, the reference beam is removed, and the sequence of images (the object beam) is pro-jected as before, each image serving to spatially amplitude-modulate the ~lank frame holographic diffraction gratiny which is thus contact printed onto the holographic recording medium in a series of laterally displaced vertical strips. The result is a synthesized holoyraphic three-dimensional image having a quality comparable to images previously made on holographic recording mediurn using a reference beam.
~Ihile the developments of ~le ~lultiplex Company represent a significant advance in the state of the art, the
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system nevertheless exhibits s~veral disadvantages and prob-lems. The large spherical and cylindrical lenses in the system are only suitable for producing one size of synthesized hologram without introducing aistortions. To scale up the system to rela-tively large holograms, for example, larger than 50 centimeters, very large spherical and cylindrical lenses are required which are prohibitively expensive, cumbersoMe and hence impractic~l.
Furthermore, the lens geometry required by the necessity that the reference beam originate along the axis of the object beam cylindrical lens prohibits certain configurations of the refer-ence beam and certain positions of the reference beam relative to the irnage.
The input systems for strip-multiplexed holography have generally been limited to cinema film projectors. There-fore, prior art strip-multiplexed holoyram systems are not suitable ~or applications where a short recording time i5 re-quired such as, for example, in medical diagnoses. No provision has been made in the past for image generation using a video projection kinescope or an image convertor such as the Itek PROM.
Other problems associated with prior strip-multiplexed holoyram synthesizers is ~hat they have no provision for pro-ducing holoyrams viewable without distortion in a flat display mode using a point illumination source. The prior systems do not process the object beam to produce higher quality images such as may be produced by using spatial filtering at the Fourier plane for image enhancement or reduction of the effects of grain in the image, or by using electronic image ~nhancement in connection with a video projector.

SU~$~RY OF TH~ INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide a system .
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capable of synthesizing relatively large strip-multiplexed holograms and capable of synthesizing strip-multiplexed holograms over a wide range of sizes.
It is another object of this invention to provide a system for synthesizing strip-multiplexed holograms without the use of large and hence expensive lens systems.
It is another object of this invention to provide a system for synthesizing strip-multiplexed holograms which is easily adapted to various image generating techniques, which is capable of synthesizing both transmiss:ion and reflection holograms, which is capable of synthesizing flat holograms viewable with a point light source without distortion, and which is capable of synthesizing multicolor strip-multiplexed holograms.
Another object of this inven~ion is to provide a ~ystem ~or ~ynthesizing strip-mul~iplexed holograms which allows a great deal o~ flexibility in orienting the reference beam with respect to the object beam.
It is still another object of the invention to provide a system for synthesizing strip-multiplexed holograms without the use of a reference beam.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an optical device which simultaneously shayes an anamorphic image beariny wavefront into a substantially cylindrical wavefront, and superimposes a reference beam onto the cylindrical wavefront.
It is a still further object of this invention to provide a system for transforming conventional multiplexed holograms into image plane holograms.
These and other objects of the invention are provided ~y sequentially projecting a plurality of two-dimen~ional images of coherent or nondiffuse light through an anamorphic lens system positioned directly beyond the image projector so that the image ' ~ ', . 'j~. . . : , ~ ~l089;~6;~

is compressed along a first axis and expanded along a second axis orthogonal to the first axis. Since the anamorphic lens system is placed relatively close to the cinema film, the cross-sectional area o~ the image or object heam is relatively small at the lens system thereby allowing the use of relatively small lenses. The narrow object bearn is then projected a rela-tively large distance to an axially elongated cylindrical lens placed directly before the holographic recording medium. The cylindrical lens focuses the object beam to a narrow strip on the film. For each sequentially projected, two-dimensional image, the holographic recording medium is sequentially shifted in a direction perpendicular to the recorded strip so that a plurality of par~llel, laterally displaced strips are recorded on the film. In one embo~iment, the cylin~lrical lens inc}udes an elongated beamsplltter parallel to the elon~ted cylindrical lens. This structure per~orms two functions: it forms a sub-stantially planar object wavefront into a substantially cyl-indrical wavefront, and it SUperilnpOSeS a reference beam incident from the side onto the cylindrical wavefront. In this regard, the term "planar wavefront" is ~sed to mean any wavefront that has traveled a substantial distance from a relatively small source, while "cylindrical wavefront" is used to mean any wave-~ront that convexyes to a l:ine focus.
Another embodirnent includes an anarnorphic projection system in connection with a holographic diffraction grating to contact-print each strip hologram in the form of a holographic diffraction grating spatially modulated by the projected ana-morphic irnage, onto a holographic recording ~edium without the use of a reference beam.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF TIIE FIGURES OF THE DRAWIIIGS

Fig. 1 is an isornetric view illustrating one ernbodiment of the system for synthesizing strip-multiplexed hologra~ns using _5_ - 1~89Z6Z

a reference beam.
Fig. 2 is an isometric view of a system for synthesizing strip-multiplexed holograms using a contact-printed holographic diffraction grating instead of a re~ere~ce beam.
Fig. 3 is an isometric view of a system for synthe-sizing strip-multiplexed holograms utilizing a horizontal holographic recording medium transport and a video projection kinescope for spatially modulating the object beam.
Fig. 4 is an isometric pictoral illustrating several anamorphic lens systerns which may be employed in the synthe-sizing systerns o~ Figs. 1-3.
Fig. 5 is an isometric view illustrating several lens beamsplitter structures which may be utilize~ in the synthesiz-ing systems of Figs. 1 and 3.
Fiy. G is an isometric view of a device for varyiny the orientation of the reference beam with respect to the object beam and holographic recording medium which is utilized to syn-thesize strip-multiplexed holograms which are viewable without distortion in a flat plane when illuminated by a point light source.
Fig. 7 is an isometric view illustrating a technique for synthesizing image-plane holograms by the process oE image plane transfer.
Fig. 8 is a schematic illustrating a technique for synthesizing image-plane holograms by recomposing the two-dimensional images forming the object beam.
Fig. 9 is a schematic illustrating the yeometric concept by which image-plane holograms are synthesized according to the technique illustrated in Fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a schematic illustrating the studio technique by which cinema filrns are rnade for synthesiziny strip-multiplexed .

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image plane holograms.
Fig. 11 is a schematic illustrating a typical single cinema frame recorded by the technique illustrated in Fig, 10.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF TH~ VE~TION
One embodiment of the invention utilizing a cinema fi~n projector 12 to modulate the object beam is illustrated in Fig. 1. The cinema film 14 is made by placing a subject on a ~ turntable rotating at a constant speed and photographing the ; subject with a cinema camera running at a constant speed. Each frame of the resulting cinema film 14 is a view of the subject taken from a different angle. The film is placed on a film transport mechanism including a plurality of rollers 16,18,20, 22 two of which, 18,20, are rotatably driven and advance the film 14 by mean~ of sprockets on their outer pheriphery which mate with equally spaced sprocket holes on the film 14. Film transport systems of similar function are conventionally used with virtually all types of cinema projection equipment. Co-herent, nondiffuse light from a laser unit 24 is coupled to the projection unit 12 through a shutter 26, a mirror 28 and a beamsplitter 30. A laser beam emerging from the beamsplitter 30 is aligned with the projection axis of the projector 12 by a mirror 32 and passes through a shor~ focal length lens 34 such as a microscope objective which causes the beam to converge.
After passing throuyh a pin hole filter 36 which removes coherent noise ~rom the beam, the beam diverges and passes through the cinema film 14 and is projected by an anamorphic lens system 38.
The anamorphic lens system 38 compresses the beam horizontally while expanding it vertically so that the object be~n is trans-ormed to a narrow vertical strip. Various anamorphic lens systems which may be employed are illustrated in Fig. 4. In Fig. 4a and Fig. 1, the diverging beam 40 passes ~hrough the ~7---- ~L0892~
film 14 and is focused to a line by a cylindrical lens 42~ A
spherical lens 44 placed beyond the focal length of the lens 42 causes the bealn to diverge along a vertical axis but does not expand the beam substantially along the horizontal axis. Other anamorphic lens systems include a single cylindrical lens 46 beyond the fi~n 14 (Fig. 4b), a spherical lens 4B positioned in front of the film 14 followed by a cylindrical lens 46 (Fig.
4c), projecting the image from the film 14 through a spherical lens 48 and then through a cylindrical lens 46 (Fig. 4d) and placing-the fi~n 14 between a pair of spherical lenses 50 followed by a cylindrical lens 52 (Fig. 4e). Other anamorphic lens systems can also be employed. By placing the lens system 38 directly in front of the projection system 12, the beam is transformed at a point where the cross-sectional area of the beam is relatively small, allowin~ the use of relatively small lenses. Priox art systems wllich place the lens syst~n 38 a sub-stantial distance from the projection systern 12 and at a point where the beam has diverged significantly require the use of much larger lenses in their anamorphic lens system. The narrow, vertically oriented beam is projected from the lens system 38 to an axially elongated vertical, cylindrical lens_ 5~ which forms the beam into a cylindrical wavefront and projects it onto a , sheet of holographic recording rne~ium 56.
It is advantageous to separate the anamor~llic ir~age projection components of the total optical syst~n from those cornponents which form the cylindrical object wavefront recorded on the holographic recording medium because the separation allows use of much less bulky and expensive lenses than would be other-wise required if, for example, the cylindrical wavefront and the an~orphic image ~ere formed from an enlaryed imaye by a single large cylindrical lens as in the ;Sultiplex Company's system.

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The beamsplitter 30 in Fig. 1 is of a conventional variety including, for example, a pair of prisms 30a,b sepa-rated by a partially reflective, partially transmissive surface 30c so that two beams emerye from the bearitsplitter 30. The beam projected onto the rnirror 32 becomes the object beam while the other beam er,lerying from the beamsplitter 30 subsequently becornes the reference beaM. The ref erence bearn is aligned with the axis of a reference beam projector 5~ by a pair of mirrors 60,62. The reference beam projection system 58 may include, for example, a short focal length lens 64, sucn as a microscope ob-jective, which causes the beam to converye, a pinhole filter 65, and a cylindrical lens 66 in approximately confocal relationship Wit}l I:he sllort ~ocal length lens 64 ~hich projects the reEerence boarn onto tl~e len~;-bcarilsplitter 5~1 as a narro~, vertical strip.
Tlle s tructure of various emL)o(lilnents of the lens-bea~nsplitter are illustrated in Fig. 5. In the simplest form (Fiys. 1,5a), the lens-beamsplitter 54 includes a pair of elon-yated trianyular prisms 54a,54b separated by a partially re-flective, partially transmissive layer 54c. A cylindrical lens 54d is secured to one face of the prism 54b for transforminy the object wavefront Erom the anamorphic lens sSfstem 38 to a substantially cylindrical wavefro~ and focusiny it to a narrow strip. The narrow, cylindrical wavefront is then transmitted onto the film 56 throuyh the partially transmissive surface 54c.
The reference beam from the reference bearn projector 58 is inci-dent on the sidewall of prism 54a and is re' lected in the general direction of the object beam by the partially reflective surface 54c. Thus, the reference beam is superimposed onto the object beam at the surface of the filrl 56. The rernaining lens-beamsplitter structures illustrated in Fig. ,, sil~lilarly modify and re~irect tlle object and reference bearns to superimpose the according to well };nown principles of optics which are familiar ~ ~a~sz6;~ -to one skilled in the art.
As the ob~ect and reference beams are superimposed on the holographic recording medium 56, the interference pattern thereby produced along a narrow, vertical strip is recorded.
The strip hologram is actually a spatial modulation of the am-plitude of the interference pattern formed by the reference beam and the unmodulated cylindrical object bearn. The holoyraphic recording medium 56 is carried by a film transport system in-cluding a ta~eup roller 70, a supply roller 72 and a rotatably-mounted platen 74. The takeup roller 70 and platen 74 are periodically rotated by discrete amounts by conventiona:L drive systems such as stepping motors (not shown). The lens-beam-splitter 54 services a clual purpose. First, AS mention~d above, it forms the waveEront of the anc~morpllic projecked ima~Je into a ~u~tan~icllly c~lindrical cOnVercJing wavefront. ~econd, it permits superposition of a reference beam of arbitrary orienta-tion onto the focal line of the converging wavefront. A cyl-indrical Fresnel lens may also be used instead of the cylindrical lens portion of the lens-beamsplitter 54.
In a typical operating mode of the system for syn-thesizing strip-rnultiplexed holograms of Fig. 1, the cinema proj~ctor 12 advances the film 14 to the next fr~me and the hologra~hic recordiny l.~ediurll 56 i5 advanced a discrete increlnent while the shutter 26 is closed. ~fter a predetermined time during which system vibrations damp out, the shutter 26 is opened for a predetermined time to project the object beam ~nd reference beam onto a narrow strip of the holographic recording medium throuyh the lens-beamsplitter 54. The shutter 26 is then closed, the cinema film 14 is advanced to the next frame, the holographic recording medium 56 is incrementally advanced and the next holo-gram strip is exposed. There are many useful variations on this sequence, including multiple exposures and multiple holoyraphic :, :
.

9Z~2 recordillg mediuJn advances per single cinema frame advance.
The resulting .strip-multiplexed hologram is viewed by bending it into a cylindrical shape and illuminating it with a point light source such as a small, incandescent light bulb placed along the a~is of the cylinder in a position corresponding to the position of the reference beam relative to the holographic film source in the system of Fig. 1. A clear three-dimensional image of the subject appears in the center of the cylinder. If the relationship bet~7een the positions at which the hologram strips are recorded corresponds to the angular relationship at which the cinema frames ~Jere exposed, and if the anyle oE con-vergence of the cylindrical wavefront formed by the lens-bear~splitter 54 corresponds to the angle of view of the cinerna camera that recorded the cinema ~rames, then the synthesized holographic irnage appears undistorte~. Relatively rn~jor de-partuxes ~rom ex~ct ancJular corre~on~ence can pro~uce sub-jectively acceptable images.
~lother ernbodiment of the invention, capable of synthesizing strip-multiplexed holograms without a reference beam, is illustratecl in Fig. 2. Therein, a holographic dif-fraction grating 80 is contact printed by the object beam onto the holographic recording mediurn thereby producing a grating pattern on the holographic recording mediw~ S6 essentially indistingui~shable from the interference pattern produce~ by the object and reference beams of the system of ~ig. 1. Consequently, the pattern recorded on the holographic recordiny medium 56 is essentially identical for strip-multiplexed holograms synthesized by either system. The holographic grating 80 is made is a system similar to that shown in Fig. 1 by Ina~ing a single e~.posure with-out modulating the object beam, i.e., ~7ithout any film in the film projector 12. The single strip hologram thus form2d is identical to the imac3e-bearing strip hologram formed by a single . . ! ' ---` 101il9;Z6~

e~posure on the systern Fig. 1, except that the hologram formed in the system in Fiy. 1 is spatially amplitude modulated ac-cording to the intensity distribution in a Cinerla fr~-me, while the hologram made without cinerna filrn in the projector contains only the phase (direction) information which is com~non to all of the strip holograms formed in the system in ~ig. 1. When an image is projected through the holographic grating 80 onto the holoyraphic recording medium 56, the holographic grating 80 is contact-printed onto the holographic recording r~edium 56, but with the intensity-distribution of the image modulated object bearn. The resultiny amplitude modulated holoyraphic grating printed onto the holographic recording m2dium is virtually indistinguishable from a strip holograrn synthesized by the system of Fi~. 1. In fact, the only material differcnce is a ch~nge in th~ ~ontra3t of the ima~e. With ~he s~stern illuxtra~ in ~;ig.
2, a lens-beamsplitter is not required since a reference beam is not used. A cylindrical lens 82 can be used instead of the lens-beamsplitter. In fact, if the anamorphic projection system 38 is ~ade capable of projecting an image as narrow as the holo-graphic grating 80, the cylindrical lens 82 may be dispensed with entirely. Althouyh the object beam is des~rably formed by laser radiation, it is not necessary to use a laser since any sueiciently nondiffuse li~ht source, such as a quart~-h~logen bulb, will l~roduce satisfactory holograrns.
A third ernbodiment of the system for synthesizing strip-multiplexed holograms is illustrated in Fig. 3. The ~ystem is functionally similar to the system illustrated in Fig. 2 except that the object bea~ is modulated by a video projection kinescope instead of a cinema film projector. The video projection kinescope 90 includes an electron gun 92 which directs electrons to the face of the kinescope 90 in accordance with a signal produced by a video carnera (not shown) directed .

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,, toward the subject. The face 9~ modulates the nondiffuse light generated by the laser 24 so that the object beam pro-jected by the kinescope 90 carries a nondiffuse image of the subject. The image on the ~inescope must be appropriately aligned with respect to the projection syst:em, of course.
Light rom the laser 2~ is conveyed to the kinescope 90 by a mirror 96 thhrough a short focal length lens 98 and a pinhole filter 100. The object beam emerging from the kinescope 94 immediately passes through an anamorphic projection system consisting of a spherical lens 102 followed by a cylindrical lens 104 so that a narrow, horizontally elongated beam is transmitted toward the holographic recording medium 1~8 mounted on the transport 107. rl'he narrow object beam is incident on a lens-beamsplitter 106 which reforms the object beam into a sub-~antially cylin~lrical wclvcfront and reflects it 90 degrees to project it through a diffraction grating (105) onto a holo-graphic recording medium. Note that the lens-beamsplitter 106 does not perform a beamsplitting function in this application.
Accordingly, an axially elongated cylindrical lens and an elon-gated mirror in the same relative positions as the lens and !`.
reflective surface in the lens-beamsplitter will function equivalently to the lens-beamsplitter in this application.
The systems illustrated in Figs. 1~3 synthesize holograms that are properly viewed in a cylindrical geometry.
That is, the hologram is bent into a cylindrical shape and illuminated ~ith a point light source on the axis of the cyl-inder. The reason for this is that the light illuminating the hologram for display purposes should stri]e the hologram at the same angle with which the reference beam stri~es the holo-gram whlle the hologram is being recorded. For the systems illustrated in Figs. 1-3, the reference beam stri~es the holo-gram at the same horizontal angle, i.e., 90 degrees, at all ~089Z6;~

points along the hologram. However, where a point light source illuminates a flat holo~3ram, the light stril~es the holograrn at an angle that varies horizontally along the holo-grarn. Thus, in order to produce a hologram that is properly displayed flat, the angle at which the referencP beam strikes the holoyrar.n must be varied during recording. For this purpose, the reference beam projector 58 (Fig. 1) rnay be mounted on a motorized carrier so that the angle of incidence of the refer-ence bearn may be changed in srnall increments as subsecluent cinema frarnes are projected and the- holographic recording mediurn is advanced. One embodiment of a device for performing this function is illustrated in Fig. 6. A reference beam projector 120 including a short focus lens 122, a pinhole filter 123, and a cylindrical lens 124 is secur~cl to a turntable 126 which is rotal~ably driven in precisely controllecl lncremen-l:s by a step-ping motor 123. Laser radiation is conveyed to the short ~ocal length lens 122 preferably through a f iber optic wave guide 130 of conventional variety. The stepping motor 128 is fixedly secured to a platform 132 which is slidably secured to a pair of parallel rods 134,136 between a pair of members 138,140. The platforrn 132 is moved along the rods 134,136 by the rota-tion of a screw 142 which is connected to a stepping motor 149 and hence rota~ le in small~ precisely controllecl increments. ~5 the cinema frames are sec1uentially projected and the holographic film is advanced, the platEorm 132 moves from one member 138 toward the other 140 and the turnta`ole 126 rotates so that the reference bearn projector directs the reference bearn at a differ-ent angle at each strip on the hologram. For e~ample, at the center of the hologram, the reference beam stril;es the holo-graphic recorcling mediurn 56 at 90 degrees while at one end it rnay stri];e the holograpllic recording mecdiurn at a horizontal angle of ~5 degrees and at the other end at -45 cdegrees 39Z~Z

depending on the width of the holoyram and the location at which the point illumination source is to be placed. Thus, if the holoyrarn thereby produced is six inches wide r it is properly displayed flat by a point light source placed three inches out from the center of the hologram. The path of the cinema carnera ~ith respect to the subject will, of course, affect the degree of distortion with which the subject appears on the hologram. If the cinema carnera moves in a straight line past the subject and always points in a direction perpendicular to the line of motion, the subject will appear virtually un-distorted. Since thé shape of the holographic recording mediurn, when it is properly displayed, preferably corresponds to the path along which the cinema camera moves relative to the subject, it can be seen that, given };nowledge of the camera ' s orientation and path, a system incorporating a movable re Eerence bea~n pro-j~cl:or such as that illustrated in Fig. 6, for exarnple, can be used to synthesi~e a strip-multiplexed hologram of the subject from the sequence of frarnes recorded by a cineMa camera moving along any arbitrary path relative to the subject. For example, a v rsatile system could be used to synthesize an accurate, relatively distortion free strip-multiplexed hologram of ~5ars from a sequence of photoyraphs taken on a fly-by mission.
The distortion induced by usin~ a point illurnination source for flat display of a strip-rnultiple~:ed holograrn syn-thesized without the use of a movable reference bearn is sub-stantially equivalent to a lateral displacer~ent of the reconstruction of each strip hologram by an arnount that increases in a direction generally away from the central region of the strip-rnultiplexed hologram. This effect may be compensated by laterally displacing each strip holograr;l's image modulation rela-tive to its phase (directional) modulation such that the image modulation of each strip is displaced toward the center of the 1t~139~:;Z, strip multiplexed holoyram relative to its gratiny pattern by an amount which increases with distance from the center of the hologram. In practice, the compensating lateral displacement of irnage rnodulation as opposed to directional modulation may be accomplished by several alternate means:
l. By slightly tipping the cinema ca~nera horizontally relative to the subject by an amount which increases with the camera's distance from the central position on its path, in the case of straight line motion. This displaces each frame~s image in the frarne.

2. By slightly laterally displacing the holographic diffraction grating used in Fig~ 2 by an amount which increases with the number of the frame being exposed, with the central frame considered to be the ~eroth frarne, preceding frar,les con-sidered to be nec3atively number~cl, and following fralnes consideretl to be positively numbered.
3. By slightly laterally displaciny the anamorphically projected frames in Fig. 2 by an amount which increases with the nurnber of the frame being exposed, with the central frame con-sidered to be the zeroth frame, preceding frames considered to be negatively n~nbered, and following frarnes considered to be positively numbered. This may be accomplished by means of a beam displacement system such as an incrernentally rotatable~
motor mounted prlsrn positioned between the pinllole ~ilter and -the cinema film 14 in Fig. 2.
Holograms which can be displayed flat and illuminated with a point light source can also be synthesized by the system illustrated in Fig. 2 by varying the diffraction grating contact-printed on the film in order to sirnulate a reference be~n which strikes the film at varying angles as the holograrn is rnade~ In other words, each hologram strip may be recorded using a differentholographic grating. This is accornplished by generat:ing a 9~6Z

sequence of holographic gratings by utilizing the reference beam projector illustrated in Fig. 6 while projecting an un-modulated object beam from the object beaIn projector 38 (Fig.
1). Fach of the hologram strips recorded from one side of the holographic recordiny medium 56 to the other as the platEorm 132 moves from one frame 138 to the other 140, simulates the reerence beam striking ~he lens-be~splitter 54 at a different angle. ~ strip-multiplexed hologram is then synthesized by projecting the cinema film while advancing both the holographic recording mediul~ 56 and the holographic grating so that the strip-multiplexed hologram thereby produced may be viewed flat with a point ligh~c source. Alternatively, the same grating may be used at each step, but slightly offset each tir,le relative to the projected irnage to produce an equivalent effect. This ~ ount~ to an approximate distortion-correction scheme utilizing the fact that illuminating the grating from the side produces a laterally displaced (slightly rotated) projection of the dif-fracted image, ~Jhile displacement of the image modulation rela-tive to the grating can displace the projection of the diffracted image in an opposite sense.
The system for synthesizing strip-mult-iplexed holograms may also be used to generate image plane holograms. ~n image -planc hologram is a hologram of an irnage in ~hich the image appears to be intersected by the surface of the holographic re-cording medium so that the image appears to e~tend both before and beyond the holoyraphic recording medium. One technique for producing image plane holograms is to perform an "image plane transfer" from a cylindrical hologram produced on one of the systems illustrated in Figs~ 1-3. The image plane transfer may be accomplished, for example, by the technique illustrated in Fig. 7. ~ cylindrical hologram 160 is mounted on the inside of a concave cylindrical mirror 162 and illuminated by a laser 164 11)~9%~
projected through a bealnsplitter l~G and a lens system lG8. A
reference beam produced by the beamsplitter 166 is projected onto the holographic recording medium 170 by mirrors 172,174 and a reference beam projector 176. A real image of the subject ap-pearing on the holoyram 160 is formed at the center of the cyl-inder by reflection and is projected on the holographic recording mediur,l. Alternately, instead of mountiny a hologram on a cyl- -indrical rnirror, a much higher quality real image reconstruction may be obtained by making the original hologram in a surface-relief holographic medium, metallizing it to increase its reflec-tivity, and rnounting resulting reflective surface-relief hologram on the inside of a cylindrical surface for reconstruction of its real image~ Since the holographic film 170 is mounted at the center of the cylinder 162, the real i~ac3e is recorded as a holocJr~m. 'rhe resultarlt imaye plane hologram is properly ~ played flat arld illuminated with a point light source in a pOSitiOll cor-responding to the position of the reference beam projector 176 relative to the holographic recording medium 170.
A techni~ue which is much more practical in most cases for generating irnage plane multiplexed holograms requires a cinema studio technique which may be ternled "camera perspective transfer", illustrated in Fig. 10. A large vertical-axis cylindrical rnirror, Fresnel cylin~rical mirror, Fresnel cylindrical lens or like Tneans 312 is used during filming to shi~t the eEfeetive viewpoint of the cinema camera 310 away from the location of the camera lens to a point 316 in the plane of the subject 314. The subject 314 may be -mounted on a carriage which moves along a path perpendicular to the viewing axis of the camera 310 so that each frame of the re-sulting cinema film is a view of a different portion of the subject.
The cinema frames (e.g., Fig. 11) will usually not contain in-dividually recognizable images because they represent a viewpoint within the plane of the subject and sometimes a viewpoint actually within the subject itself; but when mu:Ltiplexed into a hologram, the CoMpoSite image will be tha-t of the subject, with 1~89Z~iZ

the image intersecting the hologram By this means tne image may be placed in any position desired relative to the hologram surface.
A mathematically equivalent but more difficult image plane technique having significant advantages in many non-studio applications including computer generated irnagery and landscape holography, is that is generating a new sequence of cinema frames from the originally recorded sequence such that a new set of perspectives along the image plane 211 are generated for the new sequence as illustrated in Fig. 8. This is accomplished by a technique, termed ~!image perspective transfer", illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9 in which the original cinema film 190 is ta~en of the subject 192 by rnoving the camera along a straight path 194 as illustrated in Fig. 9a, or a circular path 19~ as il-lustratc~ in Fi~. 9b, or in general along any path. Xn reference to the case wherein the c~nera moves along a straight path, the first frame 19~ is ta}~en at location 198' with the camera facing perpendicular to the camera path. The second oriyinal frame 200 is taken at location 200' in the sarne manner as fra~e 198. Each of the frames in the original film 190 are physically, optically~
or otherwise, divided into a plurality of vertical strips. Each frame o the new film 210 is composed of a single strip from each of the frames of the original film 190 corresponding to the same location 212', 214'...on the image plane 211. Thus, new frame 212 contains that portion of each original frame 198, 200 ...which show location 212'. The second new frame 214 contains that strip from each original frame which shows location 214'.
The frames of the new film 210 are projected through the cinema film projector 12 (Fig. 1) in the same manner as the original film 190 in order to produce an image plane hologram.
The general problem of perspective transfer may be viewed as follows:

. 1(~89Z~:;Z

~ach frame of the original film 190 is essentially a projection of the subject 300 in Fig. 9c through a point 302 on the path 30~ of the camera. Sirnilarly, each frame of the new film 210 is a projection of the subject through another point 306 on an imaginary path to be represented by the shape of the resultant strip-multiplexed hologram. Since every strip i~age on a strip-multiplexed hologram corresponds to a point projection, the task in strip-multiplexiny an image plane holo-gram consists of forming the new frames 210 from the information contained in the original frames 190. This is accornplished by assembling each ne~ frame from a se~uence of vertical st:rips, one taken from each original frame. Figure 9c illustra~es the means of cornposing a new frame, for example I~Fj, from a se~uence o~ strips NFj N -- NFj~l~ taken ~rom the ~rarnes OFK ~ ...OFK~I~
respectively.

The inventive system of Fig. 1, with such rnodifications as removing the beamsplitter portion of the lens-be~nsplitter 54, placing the reference beam projector behind the holographic recording medium so that the reference beam is incident on the opposite side of the holoyraphic film from the object beam and using a transparent platen 74~ may be used to synthesize reflec-tion holograms as well as transmission holoyrams. The resulting reflection holoyram is viewed by illuminatiny it from the same side of the film as it is viewed. Because of the directional and spectral selectivity of reflection holograms, it is desirable to place a unilateral diffusing screen in front of the holographic recording medium in this configuration in order to make the re-sultant iMage viewable rom all vertical angles. A unilateral diffusing screen diffusely transmits light incident thereto alony one axis ~hile nondiffusely transmitting light along an orthogonal axis. The unilateral diffusing screen must be oriented so that light is diffused only in the direction parallel to the length ` 1089Z6;Z

of each strip hologram. A ~ell known example of a unilateral diffusing screen is a conventional lenticular screenO This technique for synthesizing reflection hologr~ns, because of the color selectivity of reflection holoyrams, is particularly well suited to the synthesis of multicolor images by means of a multicolor laser and color cinerna film. Another technique for synthesizing reflection holograms without the use of a reference beam is analogous to the systern illustrated in Fig.
2. Instead of placing the holographic grating 80 (Fig. 2) in front of the holographic recording rnedium 56, a reflective holographic grating is placed behind the holographic recording medium on the opposite side from which the object beam is inci-dent. '~he reflective holographic grating may be orrned in sub-st~nti~lly the salne rnanner as the holograpl~ic grating 80 o~
~;iy. 2, ~ut using a me~ium which produces ~ surface-relief hologram, and using a unilateral diffusing screen. The surface of the resulting hologram is then metallized for optimum re-flectivity. This reflective holographic grating then acts as a reflective analog to the contact-printed holographic grating used in the system of Fig. 2. The reflection hologram made by a single blan~-frame exposure using a multicolor laser bearn with ~he system of Fig. 1 modified to produce reflection holo-yr~ms may be use~ instea~ of a metallized surface-relief holographic grating in this er~odiment, with the advantage that a single multicolor e~posure per colored cinerna frame will suffice to produce a multicolor reflection hologram. The holograms pro-duced in this embodiment of the invention are reflection holo-grams, equivalent to reflection holograms produced in the system of Fig. 1 using a reference beam behind the film. Instead of a reflective holosraphic yrating, it is possible to use a Fresnel reflector with the same directional properties.
Although holographic film is the most common recording --;~1--108926'~

mediu~ for holograrns, any of the other existinc3 holographic recor~ing media may be used instead. Suitable media include photoconductor-therrnoplastic recording media, dichromated gelatin films, photochrolLIics~ photopolymers, photoresists, and such devices as the Itek PROM.
Multicolor reflection holograrls may be synthesized in accordance with the present invention as mentioned above.
Specifically, the hologram is formed in a system similar to that illustrated in Fig. 1 with the reference beam generator mounted on the opposite side of the holographic recording medium 56 from the projector 12 so that the object beam is incident on the opposite side of the film from the reference beam. ~ vertical, unilateral diffusing screen ~laced close to the holographic recor~ing Inediurn, betwe~n the lens 82 (Fig. 2) ancl the llolograpllic recording r~lediurn greatly increases t}l~
vertical viewing range of the recorded image. ~ecause reflec-tion holograms are generally color selective, the image is monochromatic and the same color as the laser light used to record the image if emulsion shrinlcage is properly compensated for by well known techniques. Therefore, when a three color lase~ or three lasers of different colors are used in the system of Fiy. 1 with a rear reference beam and a unilateral diffusing screen, a three color image if formed which, with pr.ouer balance of the beam ener~JieS~ is in multicolor and may be viewed in white light.
A method of synthesizing multicolor transmission holograms by means of the present invention is to use the system of Fig. 1, but to substitute three separate reference beam pro-jectors on the same side of the filrn as the cinerna projector.

Laser light of a different color is directed to each reference beam projector, and the three colors of laser light are cor~ined into a single beam in the image projection system. The resulting , 1~89Z~
holograrn is ideally viewable with three different monochromatic sources placed in positions corresponding to the positions of the reference beam projectors relative to the holo~raphic re-cordiny medium, but white light sources with colored filters are adequate for displaying a reasonably yood natural color holographic image. This type of hologram, ]-nown as a coded reference beam multicolor transmission holoyram, and analogous holograms are discussed in "Optical l~oloyraphy" referred to above.

~hen a single movahle reference beam projec-tor is substituted for the three reference beam projectors mentioned above, and a single color laser is used, and separate exposures are made with the reference beam projector in sliylltly separate vertical positions, anot~ler type oE mlllticolor hologram results wh~ch ~J.iV~S vivid rnulticolor efects w}len illu~.lin~tc(l ~ith a sincJle white li~ht source.
In order to ma~e multicolor transmission holograms in a syster,l employing holographic gratings as in Fig. 2, it is preferable to use a colored cinema filM and three separate holographic gratings made with three lasers generating different color light in a system similar to the one ill~strated in Fig.
1 as described above. 'rO generate the gratings, a unilateral (liffusing screen is position~d between the holocJraptlic r~cording rnedium and the lens-beamsplitter, and the reference beam for each holographic grating is projected from a different vertical po-sition using a laser beam of a different color. The multicolor holograms are synthesized by making three exposures for each strips, each exposure being made with an object beam of a different color in conjunction with the corresponding holographic yrating. The resultant hologram is a multicolor coded reference beam hologram viewable by means of three colored light sources placed in appropriate positions relative to the hologram. In a -~3-11)8926Z

directly analoyous rnanner, multicolor hologr~ns may be rnade in a system similar to that illustrated in FigO 2, but employing a reflective surface relief holoyraphic grating on the opposite - side of tne holographic film from the projector.
~ r~ore convenient multicolor system is similar to the system illustrated in Fig. 2, but employs 21 three color laser or three colinear laser beams of different colors in the object beam. A high efficiency single blank-fra}nP multicolor reflec-tion hologram is placed beyond the holographic film and in clase proximity to it. This high efficiency reflection hologram is made on a system similar to that illustrated in Fig. 1, but with a unilateral diffusing screen placed close to the holo-graphic recording rnedium between the lens and the holographic mediuln. ~ichrol~latecl ~elatin is one of the suita~le holoyraphic r~cor(1ing ~edia in this application. The holoc3rarns rllade with this elnbodirnent of the system using color cinema film in the projector may be natural color reflection holograms viewable by a point source of white light placed in an appropriate position.
A Fresnel reflector may be use~ instead of a reflection holograrn in this application.
The overall performance of any of the ~mbodiments of the in~ention l~ay be ir~proved by el~ploying spatial filters position~d at the foci of any of the lellses in the projection sys.em. The spatial filters enhance or suppress certain spa-tial frequencies in the image in order to, for e;~arnple, suppress the effects of the grain of the cinerna film or the graininess of a video ir~age. The grain, being of a certain typical size, is associated with a cextain band of spatial frequencies which can be filtered out witll a spatial filter in the "Fourier plane"

of a spherical lens through ~7hich the ir~age is projected with coherent light. ~nother useful application of spatial filtering is edge enhancer~ent by which the edges of the image and other -2~-V89;~

fine features appear brighter.
In all of the above-described embodiments, it i5 advantayeous in some applications to provide a reference beam hich converges toward a point on the opposite side of the holographic recording medium rather than diverging from a point.
This may be accomplisned by reflectiny a diverging reference beam of f a substantially cylindrical concave mirror to redirect it into a converging beam. rrhe advantage to be yained by use of a converging reference bearn is that the resulting hologram will focus the dif fracted light into spectral bands in the vicinity of the optimum viewing position, thereby producing an imaye which appears to the observer to be free of vertical color gradients. By choosing the point of conver~ence of the reference b~arn, and by choosin~J the distance frora the ima~Je projector to thc holo~3ra~hic r~cordiny mediurn, the optir~um viewiny pos:ition rn~y be prede termined ~rom a wide ranye o~ possible posi tions .
One important advantaye of the present invention over previous systems is that it can easily be used to synthesize holoyrams Oe a wide range of sizes wit}lOUt altering the size of the lens-beamsplitter. This is accomplished simply by changing the anarnorphic projection systern to project a beam having the desired hei~ht eitller by changiny the lenses or by altering the lens positions, as in a ~oorn lens. ~notner im~)ortant advarltac~e of the present invention ovcr prevlous systerlls is that, in the embodiment of Fig. 2 and in similar embodir.lents not requiring a reference beam, the system is virtually immune to environ-mental disturbances such as vibration and tel~perature changes in contrast to previous holographic systems which, being essen-tially large inter ferometers, are extremely sensitive to vibra-tion and temperature variations. One irlmediate result of this advantage is that little or no settling time is requ:ired between exposures, resulting in much faster synthesis, or even realtirne . .
, 9~6~

synthesis of a holoyram. Another advantage is that coherent light is not rec~uired for synthesizing holograrns there,by facil-itating the use of projection kinescopes and other image con-version systems as the input media.
With the use of a video projection kinescope, such applications as generating three-dimensiona7 X-ray imayes for diagnosis as well as computer generated holograms become more practical. Furthermore, the cost of the hologram is substan-tially reduced since the cost of the cinema film is eliminated.
Arnong the applications of the present invention are the synthesis of strip-multiplexed holograms for jewelry, advertising displays, educational displays, billboards and posters. ~ther applications are computer yenera~ed 3-D imayery, 3-D rnotion pictures, 3~D X-ray imaycry, and 3-D imagery of the ~nternal structure of objects by the use of other types of radiation, such as sound and subatomic particles.

Claims (17)

The embodiments of the invention in which a particular property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. A system for synthesizing strip-multiplexed transmission holograms, comprising:
image projection means for sequentially generating a plurality of two-dimensional images of coherent, non-diffuse light;
anamorphic projection means for compressing said images in a first direction and expanding said images in a second direc-tion to form an elongated object beam, said second direction being orthogonal to said first direction, said anamorphic projection means being positioned directly beyond said image projection means before said object beam has significantly diverged;
lens-beamsplitter means spaced apart from said anamorphic projection means, said lens-beamsplitter means being relatively narrow in said first direction and relatively long in said second direction, said lens-beamsplitter transforming said image beam incident on a first face into a substantially cylindrical wave-front, superimposing a second beam incident on a second face onto said cylindrical wavefront, and projecting said cylindrical wave front and said second beam in a direction perpendicular to a third face;
reference beam generator means for projecting an elon-gated beam of coherent, nondiffuse light onto the second face of said lens-beamsplitter means during the projection of said object beam onto said lens-beamsplitter means; and holographic recording medium transport means positioned directly beyond the third face of said lens-beamsplitter for se-quentially advancing a holographic recording medium in a prede-termined direction by a predetermined increment for each two-dimensional image generated by said image projection means such that at least one strip hologram is recorded on said re-cording medium for each of said two-dimensional images to form a strip-multiplexed hologram.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein said image projection means comprise a cinema film projector system including cinema film transport means for sequentially advancing a strip of cinema film in single frame increments past a fixed projection aperture, and illumination means for projecting a beam of coherent, non-diffuse light through said projection aperture thereby projecting a beam of coherent, nondiffuse light modulated by the images on said cinema film onto said anamorphic projection system.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein said image projection means comprise:
a video projection kinescope including electron gun means directing electrons to the face of said video projection kinescope in accordance with a video signal; and means for generating a beam of coherent, nondiffuse light and projecting it onto the face of said video projection kinescope such that said face modulates the coherent, nondiffuse light in accordance with the electron pattern on said face corresponding to said video signal.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein 5 aid image projection means comprise:
an incoherent-to-coherent image convertor including means for focusing a sequence of images onto the input face of said incoherent-to-coherent image convertor; and means for generating a beam or coherent, nondiffuse light and directing it onto said image convertor such that said image convertor spatially modulates said beam of light in accordance with said images focused onto the input face of said convertor.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein said anamorphic projection means comprise a cylindrical lens placed directly beyond said image projection means with the axis of said cyl-indrical lens extending along said second direction, said anamorphic projection means further including a spherical lens placed beyond the focal length of said cylindrical lens thereby causing said images to diverge along said second direction without diverging substantially along said first direction.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein said anamorphic projection means comprise a cylindrical lens positioned beyond said image projection means, said cylindrical lens having its axis extending along said first direction whereby said image diverges along said second direction without diverging sub stantially along said first direction.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein said anamorphic projection means comprise a spherical lens followed by a cyl-indrical lens having its axis extending along said first direction thereby diverging said image in said second direction without substantially diverging said image along said first direction.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein said lens-beamsplitter means comprise a pair of elongated triangular prisms separated by a partially reflective, partially trans-missive layer, one of said prisms having an elongated cyl-indrical lens secured to one face thereof such that a wavefront incident on said cylindrical lens is transformed into a sub-stantially cylindrical wavefront and superimposed on a wavefront transmitted through an adjacent face of one of said prisms.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein said lens-beamsplitter means comprise a pair of elongated triangular prisms separated by a partially reflective, partially trans-missive layer, said prisms having an elongated cylindrical lens secured to three faces of said prisms.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein said lens-beamsplitter means comprise:
a first elongated prism having first and second planar faces and a third concave face therebetween; and a second elongated prism having first and second planar faces and a third convex face therebetween, the con-cave face of said first prism and the convex face of said second prism flushly contacting opposite sides of a partially reflective, partially transmissive layer.
11. The system of claim 1, wherein said lens-beamsplitter means comprise an elongated cylindrical lens followed by an elongated beamsplitter oriented so that a wavefront transformed by the cylindrical lens is superimposed upon another wavefront by means of the beam combining property of the beamsplitter.
12. The system of claim 1, further including means for synthesizing holograms viewable flat without significant distortion using a point light source comprising reference beam control means for adjusting the angle of incidence of said reference beam on said lens-beamsplitter-means as each image is recorded on said holographic recording medium such that the angle of incidence of said reference beam on said holographic recording medium for each strip hologram corre-sponds to the angle at which said point light source strikes each strip hologram when said hologram is displayed flat.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein said reference beam control means comprise:
a mounting platform including means for moving said platform along an axis parallel to the second face and perpen-dicular to the first face of said lens-beamsplitter means in precisely controlled increments;

a turntable rotatably mounted on said mounting platform including means for rotating said turntable in precisely controlled increments;
and a reference beam projector fixedly mounted on said turntable for projecting said reference beam onto said lens-beamsplitter from a position controlled by the position of said mounting platform and at an angle controlled by the angle of said turntable.
14. The system of claim 1, further including means for synthesizing multicolor holograms comprising a movable reference beam projector for con-trolling the angle at which a particular color component of the recorded image is reconstructed.
15. The system of claim 1, further including means for synthesizing multicolor holograms comprising a plurality of reference beam generator means for projecting a plurality of elongated beams of coherent, nondiffuse light of differing colors onto the second face of said lens-beamsplitter means during coherent, nondiffuse projection of said images in differing colors onto the first face of said lens-beamsplitter means.
16. The system of claim 1, further including a spatial filter position-ed at the focus of a lens for enhancing and suppressing predetermined spatial frequencies in the two-dimensional images.
17. The system of claim 1, further including means for laterally displacing the image modulation for each of said strip holograms relative to its phase moduiation such that the image modulation is displaced in the direction of the center of the strip-multiplexed hologram with respect fo its grating pattern by an amount which varies with distance from the center of said hologram thereby generating a strip-multiplexed hologram which may be viewed flat without sub-stantial distortion when illuminated with a point illumination source.
CA285,216A 1976-08-23 1977-08-22 System for synthesizing strip-multiplexed holograms Expired CA1089262A (en)

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FR2363140A1 (en) 1978-03-24
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