CA1110966A - Pump down wipe plug and cementing/drilling process - Google Patents
Pump down wipe plug and cementing/drilling processInfo
- Publication number
- CA1110966A CA1110966A CA327,654A CA327654A CA1110966A CA 1110966 A CA1110966 A CA 1110966A CA 327654 A CA327654 A CA 327654A CA 1110966 A CA1110966 A CA 1110966A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- plug
- pump down
- tooth
- down wipe
- improved
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000000188 diaphragm Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940000425 combination drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/14—Casing shoes for the protection of the bottom of the casing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B29/00—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs, or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
- E21B33/14—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like for cementing casings into boreholes
- E21B33/16—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like for cementing casings into boreholes using plugs for isolating cement charge; Plugs therefor
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure An improved pump down wipe plug has at least one tooth protruding from its bottom surface capable of engaging, denting and penetrating the surface on which the plug comes in contact within the well. An improved process of cementing and drilling through a plug comprises inserting a pump down wipe plug having at least one tooth protruding from its bottom surface at the interface of wet cement and another fluid within the well, pumping the wet cement and the plug into position so that the tooth engages, dents and penetrates the surface below it, then when the cement has set, lowering a drill bit onto the plug and drilling the plug, the tooth or teeth retarding the tendency of the plug to rotate over the surface with which it is in contact thereby enhancing the drilling action of the drilling bit.
Description
966 ~f IMPROVED Pl~MP DOWN WIPE PLUG
AND CEMENTING/DRILLING PROCESS
round of the Invention The cementing process is one of the most important processes in drill-ing and completing a well. It is an intimate part of the running of casing.
Cementing is done at various points in the well and at various times while drill-ing both inside and outside of the casing.
The primary cementing can form a protective sheath around the casing, I
segregating producing formations to prevent migration of undersirable fluids. ¦~
Secondary cementing takes place after the primary cementing and can be used to squeeze cement into the perforations in the casing or to seal off, isolate or repair parts of the well. Plug back cementing is used to place cement at desir-ed points in the well or to shut off the bottom water or reduce the depth of the well.
Two of the apparatuses or pipe attachments routinely used in the cement- 3 ing operations are the collar and the shoe. These are typically cement restric-tions or shoulders which are attached to a pipe string as a part of the pipe string. The collar, for example a float collar, is inserted between the top and bottom of a casing string usually one or two joints above a float shoe which is attached to the bottom of a pipe string. Shoes and collars, among a number of things, help prevent the back flow of cement during the cementing operation.
The collars and the shoes are usually equipped with a check valve (often a ball valve means to aid in the prevention of back flow of cement. The shoes and collars are typically an outer cylindrical housing or pipe and an inner cement - tube communicating with and fixed to the inner surface of the cylindrical hous-ing, with a fluid passage running the length of the cement tube. When there is a check valve, it is usually part of an inner housing in concentric spaced relationship with the outer housing so that the cement tube fills the space between the two housings and the inner housing forms part of the fluid passage.
~, 1--P9~6 In addition to the collars and shoes typical cementing operations employ one or more pump down pluys~ Pump down wipe plugs can serve three pur-poses: 1) to separate orserve as the interface between the wet cement from the b fluid it is displacing or the fluid which is beiny used to pump the wet cement to the des;red level: 2) to wipe off the inner surface of the pipe string as it passes: and 3) to helppreventback flow while the cement is setting up.
In practice the well operator makes up his pipe string so that the collar or shoe is lowered into the well to -the desired level. When he decides to cement he may place a bottom pump down wipe plug between the fluid already 10in the well and thewet cement. This bottom plug has a fluid passage through itwhich is sealed by a diaphragm or membrane. The cement is pumped into the well a forcing the bottom plug down the w211, displacing the fluid in front of it, until it reaches the top of the cement tube of the shoe or collar or shoulder.
This restriction stops the plug and increased pumping pressure breaks the dia-phragm or membrane and the cement passes through the plug and through the fluid passage of the collar or shoe. After the desired amount of cement is pumped into the well a toppump down wipe plug is inserted to act as the interface be-tween the fluid used to force the cement to the desired level for the cement.
Often the bottom plug is not used and only one plug as the interface between the20cement and the fluid used to force the cement to the desired level is used.
The top plug is usually pumped until it comes in contact with the bottom plug r~
if one is used or the top of the cement tube part of the shoe or collar. The cement is allowed to set or harden and the well operator then carries out what-ever other operations he intends to do.
The plugs used in the above operation are usually made of a pliable or rubbery material, such as plastic, wood or rubber, sometimes with hollow metal or plastic cores and they fit snugly in the pipe string. All of the plug is made of drillable material.
' ' .
~$~66 Once the cement has set up and the well operator has carried out his desired operations he may decide to drill out the plug and/or plugs, collar or 4 shoe and the cement. The plugs are typically made of drillable material, as are the cement tube and innerhousing of the collar and shoe and of course, the cement which was pumped into the well. The well operator lowers the drill stringinto the well until the drill bit contacts the plug and he begins to drill by rotating the drill bit, usually clockwise. In many instances the rotation of the drill bit will cause the plug with which it is in contact to rotate, slipping over the surface on which it rests, i.e., cement, a bottom plug or the cement tube of the shoe or collar. This tendency of the plug to rotate as the bit rotates, to slide across the surface below it, wastes both time and energy.
Since all of the components are made of readily drillable material, this wastingof time and energy in the drilling process is an unneccessary problem.
The present invention is an improved cementing pump down wipe plug and a method for drilling through the cementing pump down wipe plug.
Summary of the Invention This invention relates to an improved pump down wipe plug having at least one drillable metal, plastic or wooden protrusion or tooth extending from the bottom surface. The invention also relates to an improved bottom pump down wipe plug having at least one metal, plastic or wooden protrusion or tooth-meansextending from the top surface of the plug. It further relates to an improved bottom pump down wipe plug having at least one protrusion extending from the top surface and at least one protrusion extending from the bottom surface. The ~, invention relates to a process of drilling through a pump wipe down plug where the pump down wipe plug is held stationary or if tending to rotate retarded by at least one metal, wooden or plastic protrusion extending from the bottom sur-face of the plug into solid cement or stationary second plug below the first plug. It also relates to the process of drilling through a top pump down wipe ~ 3 plug where the top pump down wipe plug is held stationary by at least one sharp protrusion extending from the top surface of the bottom plug. It further relatesto the process of drilling through the top and bottom pump down wipe plugs wherethe top plug is held stationary by at least one protrusion or tooth-like means extending from the surface of the bottom plug and the bottom plug is held stationary by at least one protrusion extending from the bottom of the bottom plug into solid cement. , Brief Description of the Drawin~
Figure 1 is a sectional view of the improved pump down wipe plug along the line 1-1 of Figure 2. j;
Figure 2 is a head on view of the bottom of the improved plug of Figure 1. ,!
Figure 3 is a sectional view of an improved bottom pump down wipe plug taken through the line 3-3' when the plug was made with a hollow core.
Figure 4 is a view of the improved plug of Figure 3 from the top.
Figure 5 is a sectional view of an improved bottom plug.
Figure 6 is a sectional view of the improved plug of Figure 7 along the line 4-4'.
Figure 7 is a view of the top of the improved plug of Figure 6; and Figures 8 and 9 show the process of drilling through a plug and top and bottom plugs respectively.
'. .
_escription of the Preferred Embod1ments The invention will be further described by detailed reference to the Figures. 9 Figure 1 is an illustration of the improved plug 10 where the plug 10 is made with a core 11 which in this embodiment is hollow and can be made af drillable plastic, wood or metal. The core 4 is molded into the body of the plug 12 which is made c ~ ` ~
, :
of rubber or plastic. Typical plugs as shown in Figures 1-7 are shaped with a top section whose diameter is large enough so that the section exerts a positivewiping and sealing action on the pipe with which it communicates. It also has ~;
one or more fins 14 which also serve to wipe and seal and a bottom section 15 wherein the top of the bottom section 16 is the same diameter as the fins and the bottom of the bottom section 17 has a diameter slightly less than the fins.
The top of the plug 18 and the bottom of the plug 19 are normally flat or per-pendicular to a line through the longitudial center of the plug or the pipe in which it travels.
The improvement illustrated in the Figures 1-7 are the protrusions 20 which protrude from the bottom surface of the plug 19 in Figure 1, the bottom and the top surfaces 18 and 19 of the plug 10 in Figures 3 and 4 and the top ~!
surface of the plug 18 in Figure 6. There is at least one protrusion 20 on each plug 10. These protrusions are part of a rod, bar or angle iron 21 which is embedded and fixed into the body 12 and sometimes the core 11 (Figure 1) of the plug 10. The rod, bar or angle iron 21 are made o a material strong enough h to stop or retard the rotation of the plug 10 caused by the action of the ro-tating drill bit without breaking. Typical materials are drillable metals, plastics and wood. The preferred materials are metals and the preferred metals are cast iron and aluminum, the most preferred metal is aluminum.
The minimum length of the protrusion 20 is about 1.27 centimeters, preferably between about 1.27 centimeters and about 8 centimeters, preferably ; between about 2.5 and about 5 centimeters above the surface 18 or 19 of the plug .
10. The total length of the rod, bar or angle iron 21 (the protrusion plus that part below the surface) is between about 4 centimeters and about 16 centimeters greater than the length of the plug 10. It should be recognized that the length of the protrusions or teeth-like means 20 and the bar, rod or angle iron 21 are !
dependent on how easily the protrusion 20 penetrates the surface in front of it ~, -5- 1, .
, .
b 66 r :
and how solidly the rod, bar or angle iron 21 ls held in the plug 10.
The tip or end of the protrusion furtherest from the surface from which it protrudes 22 is preferably sharp, either a point or an edge or blade (22a) capable of engaging or penetrating the surface with which it comes into contact.
Figures 3-7 illustrate plugs 10 which are known as bottom plugs because they have top fluid openings 23 and bottom fluid openings 24 with a !
fluid passage 25 potentially in open fluid communication with the openings .
23 and 24. The bottom plugs 10 are introduced with a diaphragm or membrane : 10 26 blocking the fluid passage 25 as shown in Figures 3 and 6 which can be burst or broken by increased fluid pressure as shown in Figures 4, 5 and 7.
Figures 3 and 5 illustrate bottom plugs 10 where the protrusions or ¦, barbs 20 are on the top 18 and the bottom 19 of -the plug 10. The top pro- I
trusion 20 of Figure 3 has blade like ends 22a while the bottom protrusion 20 has pointed ends 22. Each protrusion 20 is part of a separate rod, bar or angle l iron 21 in Figure 3 while in Figure 5 the top and bottom protrusion 20 is part iof the same bar, rod or angle iron 21. Also Figure 3 illustrates a plug 10 with .~ a core 11 while E'igures 5 and 6 illustrate solid plugs 10 made without a hollow core 11.
The preferred number of-protrusions 20 per plug surface 18 or 19 is between 1 and 8 inclusive, more preferably between 2 and 8 inclusive and most ,preferably between 4 and 6 inclusive.
The improved process of drilling through a pump down wipe plug 10 as illustrated in Figure 8 comprises lowering a rota-ting drill bit 26 into a well and on to the top surface 18 of a pump down wipe pump 10 having at least one protrusion or tooth-like means 20 of at least 1.27 centimeters in length protruding from the bottom surface 19 of the plug which engages the surface below the plug thereby holding the plug 10 stationary or retarding its tendency to rotating so that most of the effective drilling energy goes into drilling :~ -6-, i9~
the plug lO, not rotatillg the plug lO.
1~he improved process of drilling through a top plug lO and a bottom plug lO' as illustrated i.n Figure 9 where the tendency of the top plug l0 ?
to rotate i5 retarded by at least one protrusion 20 of at least 1.27 centimeters Ç
protruding Erom the top surface of the bottom plug 10' which engages the bottom of the top plug 19 and where the tendency of the bottom plug lO' to rotate is retarded by at least one protrusion 20 protruding from the bottom surface of -the bottom plug 19' which engages the cement below the bottom surface of the bottom plug l9'.
An embodiment of the improved process of drilling through the com-bination of a top plug lO and a bottom plug 10' where a rotating drill bit 26 is lowered onto the top surface 18 of a top plug lO whose tendency to rotate is retarded by at least one protrusion 20 protruding above the top surface of the bottom plug 18' and engaging and holding the top plug lO while the tend-ency of the bottom plug lO' is retarded by cement core 27 that has set in the fluid passage 25 of the bottom plug 10' where that cement is part of the total cement which was pumped into the well. The effectiveness of the cement ; core 27 in retarding the rotation of the bottom plug lO' is enhanced when the cross section of the fluid passage 25 which forms the mold for the cement core 27 is asymmetrical or has longitudial ribs as shown in Figures 6 and 7.
An improved cementing process where a pump down wipe plug lO is inserted into the pipe as the interface between the wet cement and the fluid used to pump the wet cement to the desired level, said plug lO having at least one protrusion or tooth-like means 20 protruding from its bottom surface l9, the cement pumped to the desired level by forcing the plug 10 down the pipe until the protrusion 20 is in contact with the top surface of a cement shoulder or a collar or shoe 28.
g66 ~., The i~proved process of cementing where a bottom plug 10' is intro- :
duced into the pipe as an interface between the wet cement and the fluid the cement is displacing, said bottom plug having at least one protrusion 20 ex-tending from its bottom surface 19, and a top plug 10 is introduced into the pipe as an interface between the wet cement and the fluid forcing the wet cement to the desired level, said top plug 10 having at least one protrusion :~
20 extending from its bottom surface 19 and pumping the plugs and cement down the pipe until the bottom plug 10' is in contact with the top surface 28 of ~-the cement restriction of a collar or shoe.
Another embodiment of the improved cementing process comprises in- .
serting a bottom pump down wipe plug 10' into the well pipe as an interface between the cement and the fluid it is displacing where the bottom plug 10' ~!
has at least one protrusion 20 extending from its bottom surface 19 and at .
least one protrusion extending from it top surface 18, pumping in the desired amount of cement then a top plug as an interface between the wet cement and the fluid used to pump the cement to the desired level and pumping the two .
plugs and cement until the protrusions 20 on the bottom 19 of the bottom plug 10' are in contact with the top surface 28 of the shoulder o a collar or shoe .
and the top plug 10 is in contact with the protrusions 20 on the top 18 of the bottom plug 10'.
:
~,,.
` -8- ~
1:
. ~
, .
~ , ~
AND CEMENTING/DRILLING PROCESS
round of the Invention The cementing process is one of the most important processes in drill-ing and completing a well. It is an intimate part of the running of casing.
Cementing is done at various points in the well and at various times while drill-ing both inside and outside of the casing.
The primary cementing can form a protective sheath around the casing, I
segregating producing formations to prevent migration of undersirable fluids. ¦~
Secondary cementing takes place after the primary cementing and can be used to squeeze cement into the perforations in the casing or to seal off, isolate or repair parts of the well. Plug back cementing is used to place cement at desir-ed points in the well or to shut off the bottom water or reduce the depth of the well.
Two of the apparatuses or pipe attachments routinely used in the cement- 3 ing operations are the collar and the shoe. These are typically cement restric-tions or shoulders which are attached to a pipe string as a part of the pipe string. The collar, for example a float collar, is inserted between the top and bottom of a casing string usually one or two joints above a float shoe which is attached to the bottom of a pipe string. Shoes and collars, among a number of things, help prevent the back flow of cement during the cementing operation.
The collars and the shoes are usually equipped with a check valve (often a ball valve means to aid in the prevention of back flow of cement. The shoes and collars are typically an outer cylindrical housing or pipe and an inner cement - tube communicating with and fixed to the inner surface of the cylindrical hous-ing, with a fluid passage running the length of the cement tube. When there is a check valve, it is usually part of an inner housing in concentric spaced relationship with the outer housing so that the cement tube fills the space between the two housings and the inner housing forms part of the fluid passage.
~, 1--P9~6 In addition to the collars and shoes typical cementing operations employ one or more pump down pluys~ Pump down wipe plugs can serve three pur-poses: 1) to separate orserve as the interface between the wet cement from the b fluid it is displacing or the fluid which is beiny used to pump the wet cement to the des;red level: 2) to wipe off the inner surface of the pipe string as it passes: and 3) to helppreventback flow while the cement is setting up.
In practice the well operator makes up his pipe string so that the collar or shoe is lowered into the well to -the desired level. When he decides to cement he may place a bottom pump down wipe plug between the fluid already 10in the well and thewet cement. This bottom plug has a fluid passage through itwhich is sealed by a diaphragm or membrane. The cement is pumped into the well a forcing the bottom plug down the w211, displacing the fluid in front of it, until it reaches the top of the cement tube of the shoe or collar or shoulder.
This restriction stops the plug and increased pumping pressure breaks the dia-phragm or membrane and the cement passes through the plug and through the fluid passage of the collar or shoe. After the desired amount of cement is pumped into the well a toppump down wipe plug is inserted to act as the interface be-tween the fluid used to force the cement to the desired level for the cement.
Often the bottom plug is not used and only one plug as the interface between the20cement and the fluid used to force the cement to the desired level is used.
The top plug is usually pumped until it comes in contact with the bottom plug r~
if one is used or the top of the cement tube part of the shoe or collar. The cement is allowed to set or harden and the well operator then carries out what-ever other operations he intends to do.
The plugs used in the above operation are usually made of a pliable or rubbery material, such as plastic, wood or rubber, sometimes with hollow metal or plastic cores and they fit snugly in the pipe string. All of the plug is made of drillable material.
' ' .
~$~66 Once the cement has set up and the well operator has carried out his desired operations he may decide to drill out the plug and/or plugs, collar or 4 shoe and the cement. The plugs are typically made of drillable material, as are the cement tube and innerhousing of the collar and shoe and of course, the cement which was pumped into the well. The well operator lowers the drill stringinto the well until the drill bit contacts the plug and he begins to drill by rotating the drill bit, usually clockwise. In many instances the rotation of the drill bit will cause the plug with which it is in contact to rotate, slipping over the surface on which it rests, i.e., cement, a bottom plug or the cement tube of the shoe or collar. This tendency of the plug to rotate as the bit rotates, to slide across the surface below it, wastes both time and energy.
Since all of the components are made of readily drillable material, this wastingof time and energy in the drilling process is an unneccessary problem.
The present invention is an improved cementing pump down wipe plug and a method for drilling through the cementing pump down wipe plug.
Summary of the Invention This invention relates to an improved pump down wipe plug having at least one drillable metal, plastic or wooden protrusion or tooth extending from the bottom surface. The invention also relates to an improved bottom pump down wipe plug having at least one metal, plastic or wooden protrusion or tooth-meansextending from the top surface of the plug. It further relates to an improved bottom pump down wipe plug having at least one protrusion extending from the top surface and at least one protrusion extending from the bottom surface. The ~, invention relates to a process of drilling through a pump wipe down plug where the pump down wipe plug is held stationary or if tending to rotate retarded by at least one metal, wooden or plastic protrusion extending from the bottom sur-face of the plug into solid cement or stationary second plug below the first plug. It also relates to the process of drilling through a top pump down wipe ~ 3 plug where the top pump down wipe plug is held stationary by at least one sharp protrusion extending from the top surface of the bottom plug. It further relatesto the process of drilling through the top and bottom pump down wipe plugs wherethe top plug is held stationary by at least one protrusion or tooth-like means extending from the surface of the bottom plug and the bottom plug is held stationary by at least one protrusion extending from the bottom of the bottom plug into solid cement. , Brief Description of the Drawin~
Figure 1 is a sectional view of the improved pump down wipe plug along the line 1-1 of Figure 2. j;
Figure 2 is a head on view of the bottom of the improved plug of Figure 1. ,!
Figure 3 is a sectional view of an improved bottom pump down wipe plug taken through the line 3-3' when the plug was made with a hollow core.
Figure 4 is a view of the improved plug of Figure 3 from the top.
Figure 5 is a sectional view of an improved bottom plug.
Figure 6 is a sectional view of the improved plug of Figure 7 along the line 4-4'.
Figure 7 is a view of the top of the improved plug of Figure 6; and Figures 8 and 9 show the process of drilling through a plug and top and bottom plugs respectively.
'. .
_escription of the Preferred Embod1ments The invention will be further described by detailed reference to the Figures. 9 Figure 1 is an illustration of the improved plug 10 where the plug 10 is made with a core 11 which in this embodiment is hollow and can be made af drillable plastic, wood or metal. The core 4 is molded into the body of the plug 12 which is made c ~ ` ~
, :
of rubber or plastic. Typical plugs as shown in Figures 1-7 are shaped with a top section whose diameter is large enough so that the section exerts a positivewiping and sealing action on the pipe with which it communicates. It also has ~;
one or more fins 14 which also serve to wipe and seal and a bottom section 15 wherein the top of the bottom section 16 is the same diameter as the fins and the bottom of the bottom section 17 has a diameter slightly less than the fins.
The top of the plug 18 and the bottom of the plug 19 are normally flat or per-pendicular to a line through the longitudial center of the plug or the pipe in which it travels.
The improvement illustrated in the Figures 1-7 are the protrusions 20 which protrude from the bottom surface of the plug 19 in Figure 1, the bottom and the top surfaces 18 and 19 of the plug 10 in Figures 3 and 4 and the top ~!
surface of the plug 18 in Figure 6. There is at least one protrusion 20 on each plug 10. These protrusions are part of a rod, bar or angle iron 21 which is embedded and fixed into the body 12 and sometimes the core 11 (Figure 1) of the plug 10. The rod, bar or angle iron 21 are made o a material strong enough h to stop or retard the rotation of the plug 10 caused by the action of the ro-tating drill bit without breaking. Typical materials are drillable metals, plastics and wood. The preferred materials are metals and the preferred metals are cast iron and aluminum, the most preferred metal is aluminum.
The minimum length of the protrusion 20 is about 1.27 centimeters, preferably between about 1.27 centimeters and about 8 centimeters, preferably ; between about 2.5 and about 5 centimeters above the surface 18 or 19 of the plug .
10. The total length of the rod, bar or angle iron 21 (the protrusion plus that part below the surface) is between about 4 centimeters and about 16 centimeters greater than the length of the plug 10. It should be recognized that the length of the protrusions or teeth-like means 20 and the bar, rod or angle iron 21 are !
dependent on how easily the protrusion 20 penetrates the surface in front of it ~, -5- 1, .
, .
b 66 r :
and how solidly the rod, bar or angle iron 21 ls held in the plug 10.
The tip or end of the protrusion furtherest from the surface from which it protrudes 22 is preferably sharp, either a point or an edge or blade (22a) capable of engaging or penetrating the surface with which it comes into contact.
Figures 3-7 illustrate plugs 10 which are known as bottom plugs because they have top fluid openings 23 and bottom fluid openings 24 with a !
fluid passage 25 potentially in open fluid communication with the openings .
23 and 24. The bottom plugs 10 are introduced with a diaphragm or membrane : 10 26 blocking the fluid passage 25 as shown in Figures 3 and 6 which can be burst or broken by increased fluid pressure as shown in Figures 4, 5 and 7.
Figures 3 and 5 illustrate bottom plugs 10 where the protrusions or ¦, barbs 20 are on the top 18 and the bottom 19 of -the plug 10. The top pro- I
trusion 20 of Figure 3 has blade like ends 22a while the bottom protrusion 20 has pointed ends 22. Each protrusion 20 is part of a separate rod, bar or angle l iron 21 in Figure 3 while in Figure 5 the top and bottom protrusion 20 is part iof the same bar, rod or angle iron 21. Also Figure 3 illustrates a plug 10 with .~ a core 11 while E'igures 5 and 6 illustrate solid plugs 10 made without a hollow core 11.
The preferred number of-protrusions 20 per plug surface 18 or 19 is between 1 and 8 inclusive, more preferably between 2 and 8 inclusive and most ,preferably between 4 and 6 inclusive.
The improved process of drilling through a pump down wipe plug 10 as illustrated in Figure 8 comprises lowering a rota-ting drill bit 26 into a well and on to the top surface 18 of a pump down wipe pump 10 having at least one protrusion or tooth-like means 20 of at least 1.27 centimeters in length protruding from the bottom surface 19 of the plug which engages the surface below the plug thereby holding the plug 10 stationary or retarding its tendency to rotating so that most of the effective drilling energy goes into drilling :~ -6-, i9~
the plug lO, not rotatillg the plug lO.
1~he improved process of drilling through a top plug lO and a bottom plug lO' as illustrated i.n Figure 9 where the tendency of the top plug l0 ?
to rotate i5 retarded by at least one protrusion 20 of at least 1.27 centimeters Ç
protruding Erom the top surface of the bottom plug 10' which engages the bottom of the top plug 19 and where the tendency of the bottom plug lO' to rotate is retarded by at least one protrusion 20 protruding from the bottom surface of -the bottom plug 19' which engages the cement below the bottom surface of the bottom plug l9'.
An embodiment of the improved process of drilling through the com-bination of a top plug lO and a bottom plug 10' where a rotating drill bit 26 is lowered onto the top surface 18 of a top plug lO whose tendency to rotate is retarded by at least one protrusion 20 protruding above the top surface of the bottom plug 18' and engaging and holding the top plug lO while the tend-ency of the bottom plug lO' is retarded by cement core 27 that has set in the fluid passage 25 of the bottom plug 10' where that cement is part of the total cement which was pumped into the well. The effectiveness of the cement ; core 27 in retarding the rotation of the bottom plug lO' is enhanced when the cross section of the fluid passage 25 which forms the mold for the cement core 27 is asymmetrical or has longitudial ribs as shown in Figures 6 and 7.
An improved cementing process where a pump down wipe plug lO is inserted into the pipe as the interface between the wet cement and the fluid used to pump the wet cement to the desired level, said plug lO having at least one protrusion or tooth-like means 20 protruding from its bottom surface l9, the cement pumped to the desired level by forcing the plug 10 down the pipe until the protrusion 20 is in contact with the top surface of a cement shoulder or a collar or shoe 28.
g66 ~., The i~proved process of cementing where a bottom plug 10' is intro- :
duced into the pipe as an interface between the wet cement and the fluid the cement is displacing, said bottom plug having at least one protrusion 20 ex-tending from its bottom surface 19, and a top plug 10 is introduced into the pipe as an interface between the wet cement and the fluid forcing the wet cement to the desired level, said top plug 10 having at least one protrusion :~
20 extending from its bottom surface 19 and pumping the plugs and cement down the pipe until the bottom plug 10' is in contact with the top surface 28 of ~-the cement restriction of a collar or shoe.
Another embodiment of the improved cementing process comprises in- .
serting a bottom pump down wipe plug 10' into the well pipe as an interface between the cement and the fluid it is displacing where the bottom plug 10' ~!
has at least one protrusion 20 extending from its bottom surface 19 and at .
least one protrusion extending from it top surface 18, pumping in the desired amount of cement then a top plug as an interface between the wet cement and the fluid used to pump the cement to the desired level and pumping the two .
plugs and cement until the protrusions 20 on the bottom 19 of the bottom plug 10' are in contact with the top surface 28 of the shoulder o a collar or shoe .
and the top plug 10 is in contact with the protrusions 20 on the top 18 of the bottom plug 10'.
:
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1:
. ~
, .
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Claims (14)
PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An improved pump down wipe plug comprises the plug having at least one drillable bottom tooth extending at least 1.27 centimeters below the bottom surface of the plug, said bottom tooth being capable of engaging, denting and penetrating the surface it contacts during a cementing drilling operation.
2. The improved pump down wipe plug of claim 1 where the plug is a bottom pump down wipe plug having at least one drillable top tooth extending at least about 1.27 centimeters above the top surface of the plug, said top tooth being capable of engaging, denting,pene-trating and rending a second pump down wipe plug.
3. An improved bottom pump down wipe plug comprises the plug having at least one drillable tooth extending at least about 1.27 centimeters above the top surface of the bottom plug.
4. The improved plug of claim 1 where the tooth is part of a rod, bar or angle iron between about 4 and about 16 centimeters in length, embedded and fixed in the body of the plug and made of a material selected from the group consisting of drillable metal, plastic or wood.
5. The improved plug of claim 4 where the number of teeth per sur-face is between 4 and 6 inclusive.
6. The improved plug of claim 5 where the teeth are made of aluminum.
7. An improved pump down wipe plug comprises a plug having 4 to 6 inclusive teeth extending between about 1.27 centimeters and about 8 centimeters below the bottom surface of the plug, where the teeth are part of an aluminum rod of a length of about 4 to about 16 centimeters, embedded and fixed into the body of the plug, said teeth being sharp enough and strong enough to engage the surface with which they come in contact and retard the tendency of the plug to rotate when contacted by a rotating drill bit.
8. The improved plug of claim 7 where the plug is a bottom pump down wipe plug having 4 to 6 inclusive teeth extending about 1.27 to about 8 centimeters above the top surface of the plug, where the teeth are part of an aluminum rod of a length of about 4 to about 16 centimeters, embedded and fixed into the body of the plug, said teeth being sharp enough and strong enough to engage a top pump down wipe plug and retard the top plugs tendency to rotate when contacted with a rotating drill bit.
9. An improved pump down wipe plug comprises a bottom pump down wipe plug having 4 to 6 inclusive teeth extending about 1.27 to about 8 centi-meters above the top surface of the plug, where the teeth are part of an aluminum rod of a length of about 4 to about 16 centimeters, embedded and fixed into the body of the plug, said teeth being sharp enough and strong enough to engage a top pump down wipe plug and retard the top plugs tendency to rotate when contacted with a rotating drill bit.
10. An improved cementing and drilling process comprises:
a) inserting a bottom pump down wipe plug having at least one drill-able tooth extending above its top surface and at least one drillable tooth extending below the bottom surface into a cementing pipe string;
b) introducing the desired amount of wet cement into the string behind the bottom plug;
c) inserting a top pump down wipe plug immediately following the wet cement;
d) pumping the wet cement and plugs down the pipe until the teeth on the bottom plug engage the top surface of a well shoe or collar pipe attach-ment, the cement has passed through the bottom plug and the pipe attachement and the top plug engages the teeth extending from the top of the bottom plug;
e) allowing the cement to set;
f) drilling out the plug with a rotating drill bit, the tendency of the top plug to rotate being retarded by the teeth extending above the top surface of the bottom plug and into the bottom of the top plug; and g) drilling out the bottom plug with a rotating drill bit, the tend-ency of the bottom plug to rotate being retarded by the teeth extending below the bottom surface of the bottom plug and engaging the top surface of the pipe attachment.
a) inserting a bottom pump down wipe plug having at least one drill-able tooth extending above its top surface and at least one drillable tooth extending below the bottom surface into a cementing pipe string;
b) introducing the desired amount of wet cement into the string behind the bottom plug;
c) inserting a top pump down wipe plug immediately following the wet cement;
d) pumping the wet cement and plugs down the pipe until the teeth on the bottom plug engage the top surface of a well shoe or collar pipe attach-ment, the cement has passed through the bottom plug and the pipe attachement and the top plug engages the teeth extending from the top of the bottom plug;
e) allowing the cement to set;
f) drilling out the plug with a rotating drill bit, the tendency of the top plug to rotate being retarded by the teeth extending above the top surface of the bottom plug and into the bottom of the top plug; and g) drilling out the bottom plug with a rotating drill bit, the tend-ency of the bottom plug to rotate being retarded by the teeth extending below the bottom surface of the bottom plug and engaging the top surface of the pipe attachment.
11. An improved cementing and drilling process comprises:
a) inserting a pump down wipe plug having at least one tooth extend-ing below its bottom surface as the interface between wet cement and another fluid;
b) pumping the wet cement and plug down the well until the tooth of the plug has engaged the top of a well shoe or collar pipe attachment;
c) allowing the cement to set;
d) drilling out the plug by contacting top of the plug with a rotating drill bit, the tendency of the plug to rotate being retarded by the tooth which engages the top surface of the pipe attachment, thereby enhancing the drilling action of the bit on the plug.
a) inserting a pump down wipe plug having at least one tooth extend-ing below its bottom surface as the interface between wet cement and another fluid;
b) pumping the wet cement and plug down the well until the tooth of the plug has engaged the top of a well shoe or collar pipe attachment;
c) allowing the cement to set;
d) drilling out the plug by contacting top of the plug with a rotating drill bit, the tendency of the plug to rotate being retarded by the tooth which engages the top surface of the pipe attachment, thereby enhancing the drilling action of the bit on the plug.
12. An improved down hole well pipe configuration comprising:
a) a well shoe or collar pipe attachment, and b) a pump down wipe plug having at least one drillable bottom tooth made of a material selected from the group consisting of cast iron and aluminum protruding from its bottom surface, said tooth in contact with the top surface of the pipe attachment.
a) a well shoe or collar pipe attachment, and b) a pump down wipe plug having at least one drillable bottom tooth made of a material selected from the group consisting of cast iron and aluminum protruding from its bottom surface, said tooth in contact with the top surface of the pipe attachment.
13. The improved configuration of claim 12 where the plug is a bottom pump down wipe plug having at least one drillable top tooth made of a material selected from the group consisting of cast iron and aluminum,protruding from the top surface of the bottom pump down wipe plug, said configuration including a top pump down wipe plug, the bottom surface of the top pump down wipe plug being in contact with the top tooth of the bottom pump down wipe plug.
14. The improved configuration of claim 12 where the plug is a bottom pump down wipe plug, said configuration including a top pump down wipe plug having at least one drillable tooth protruding from the bottom of the top pump down wipe plug in contact with the top surface of the bottom pump down wipe plug.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US941,162 | 1978-09-11 | ||
| US05/941,162 US4190112A (en) | 1978-09-11 | 1978-09-11 | Pump down wipe plug and cementing/drilling process |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1110966A true CA1110966A (en) | 1981-10-20 |
Family
ID=25476030
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA327,654A Expired CA1110966A (en) | 1978-09-11 | 1979-05-15 | Pump down wipe plug and cementing/drilling process |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4190112A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1110966A (en) |
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| USRE33656E (en) * | 1986-05-14 | 1991-08-06 | Downhole cementing tool assembly | |
| US4711300A (en) * | 1986-05-14 | 1987-12-08 | Wardlaw Iii Louis J | Downhole cementing tool assembly |
| US4893684A (en) * | 1987-06-17 | 1990-01-16 | Chevron Research Company | Method of changing well fluid |
| US4850432A (en) * | 1988-10-17 | 1989-07-25 | Texaco Inc. | Manual port closing tool for well cementing |
| US4979562A (en) * | 1988-10-21 | 1990-12-25 | Weatherford U.S., Inc. | Float equipment including float collars and modular plugs for well operations |
| US4858687A (en) * | 1988-11-02 | 1989-08-22 | Halliburton Company | Non-rotating plug set |
| US4836279A (en) * | 1988-11-16 | 1989-06-06 | Halliburton Company | Non-rotating plug |
| US5246069A (en) * | 1990-05-02 | 1993-09-21 | Weatherford-Petco, Inc. | Self-aligning well apparatuses and anti-rotation device for well apparatuses |
| US5113940A (en) * | 1990-05-02 | 1992-05-19 | Weatherford U.S., Inc. | Well apparatuses and anti-rotation device for well apparatuses |
| US5025858A (en) * | 1990-05-02 | 1991-06-25 | Weatherford U.S., Inc. | Well apparatuses and anti-rotation device for well apparatuses |
| FR2663679B1 (en) * | 1990-06-26 | 1996-12-06 | Schlumberger Cie Dowell | ANTI-ROTATION DEVICE FOR DEFORMABLE PERIPHERAL LIPS CEMENTITIOUS PLUGS. |
| US5095980A (en) * | 1991-02-15 | 1992-03-17 | Halliburton Company | Non-rotating cementing plug with molded inserts |
| US5433270A (en) * | 1991-10-16 | 1995-07-18 | Lafleur Petroleum Services, Inc. | Cementing plug |
| US5242018A (en) * | 1991-10-16 | 1993-09-07 | Lafleur Petroleum Services, Inc. | Cementing plug |
| US5413172A (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1995-05-09 | Halliburton Company | Sub-surface release plug assembly with non-metallic components |
| US5390736A (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 1995-02-21 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Anti-rotation devices for use with well tools |
| US5522458A (en) * | 1994-08-18 | 1996-06-04 | Halliburton Company | High pressure cementing plug assemblies |
| US6082451A (en) * | 1995-04-26 | 2000-07-04 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Wellbore shoe joints and cementing systems |
| US5553667A (en) * | 1995-04-26 | 1996-09-10 | Weatherford U.S., Inc. | Cementing system |
| US6056053A (en) * | 1995-04-26 | 2000-05-02 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Cementing systems for wellbores |
| US5842517A (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 1998-12-01 | Davis-Lynch, Inc. | Anti-rotational cementing apparatus |
| CA2239748C (en) | 1998-06-05 | 2003-02-11 | Top-Co Industries Ltd. | Cementing plug |
| US6318472B1 (en) | 1999-05-28 | 2001-11-20 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Hydraulic set liner hanger setting mechanism and method |
| CA2311160C (en) * | 2000-06-09 | 2009-05-26 | Tesco Corporation | Method for drilling and completing a wellbore and a pump down cement float collar for use therein |
| US6513598B2 (en) * | 2001-03-19 | 2003-02-04 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Drillable floating equipment and method of eliminating bit trips by using drillable materials for the construction of shoe tracks |
| US6712153B2 (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2004-03-30 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Resin impregnated continuous fiber plug with non-metallic element system |
| US6796377B2 (en) * | 2002-07-23 | 2004-09-28 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Anti-rotation apparatus for limiting rotation of cementing plugs |
| CA2444648A1 (en) * | 2002-12-06 | 2004-06-06 | Tesco Corporation | Anchoring device for a wellbore tool |
| US7036602B2 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2006-05-02 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Retrievable bridge plug |
| US6973969B2 (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2005-12-13 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for preventing or limiting rotation of cementing plugs |
| US7776797B2 (en) | 2006-01-23 | 2010-08-17 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Lost circulation compositions |
| US8132623B2 (en) | 2006-01-23 | 2012-03-13 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc. | Methods of using lost circulation compositions |
| US20080060811A1 (en) * | 2006-09-13 | 2008-03-13 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Method to control the physical interface between two or more fluids |
| US8181706B2 (en) * | 2009-05-22 | 2012-05-22 | Ips Optimization Inc. | Plunger lift |
| CN101979822A (en) * | 2010-11-13 | 2011-02-23 | 中国石油集团西部钻探工程有限公司 | Anti-rotation device for well cementing glue plug |
| US9394760B2 (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2016-07-19 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Clutch apparatus and method for resisting torque |
| WO2019152036A1 (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2019-08-08 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Drillable hydraulic setting tool |
| US11142976B2 (en) | 2019-02-12 | 2021-10-12 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Positioning downhole-type tools |
| US11105176B2 (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2021-08-31 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Drillable cementing plug |
| US11136849B2 (en) | 2019-11-05 | 2021-10-05 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Dual string fluid management devices for oil and gas applications |
| US11230904B2 (en) | 2019-11-11 | 2022-01-25 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Setting and unsetting a production packer |
| US11156052B2 (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2021-10-26 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Wellbore tool assembly to open collapsed tubing |
| US11260351B2 (en) | 2020-02-14 | 2022-03-01 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Thin film composite hollow fiber membranes fabrication systems |
| US11253819B2 (en) | 2020-05-14 | 2022-02-22 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Production of thin film composite hollow fiber membranes |
| US11655685B2 (en) | 2020-08-10 | 2023-05-23 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Downhole welding tools and related methods |
| US11408243B2 (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2022-08-09 | Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc | Cement plug fragmentation enhancement |
| US11549329B2 (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2023-01-10 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Downhole casing-casing annulus sealant injection |
| US11828128B2 (en) | 2021-01-04 | 2023-11-28 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Convertible bell nipple for wellbore operations |
| US11598178B2 (en) | 2021-01-08 | 2023-03-07 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Wellbore mud pit safety system |
| US11448026B1 (en) | 2021-05-03 | 2022-09-20 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Cable head for a wireline tool |
| US11859815B2 (en) | 2021-05-18 | 2024-01-02 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Flare control at well sites |
| US11905791B2 (en) | 2021-08-18 | 2024-02-20 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Float valve for drilling and workover operations |
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| US11680459B1 (en) | 2022-02-24 | 2023-06-20 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Liner system with integrated cement retainer |
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| US2075882A (en) * | 1935-10-04 | 1937-04-06 | John E Brantly | Method of cementing wells |
| US2165433A (en) * | 1938-08-02 | 1939-07-11 | Perkins Cementing Inc | Top cementing plug |
| US2854079A (en) * | 1949-04-16 | 1958-09-30 | L L Rector | Well cementing apparatus |
| US2893493A (en) * | 1955-02-17 | 1959-07-07 | James I Copas | Traveling seal and paraffin scraper device |
| US3035639A (en) * | 1957-05-27 | 1962-05-22 | Brown | Hydraulically-actuated well packer |
| US3552492A (en) * | 1969-07-23 | 1971-01-05 | Schlumberger Technology Corp | Well tool safety joint |
-
1978
- 1978-09-11 US US05/941,162 patent/US4190112A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1979
- 1979-05-15 CA CA327,654A patent/CA1110966A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4190112A (en) | 1980-02-26 |
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