CA1114022A - Radio receiver alignment indicator - Google Patents
Radio receiver alignment indicatorInfo
- Publication number
- CA1114022A CA1114022A CA319,299A CA319299A CA1114022A CA 1114022 A CA1114022 A CA 1114022A CA 319299 A CA319299 A CA 319299A CA 1114022 A CA1114022 A CA 1114022A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- stage
- detector
- meter
- alignment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03J—TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
- H03J3/00—Continuous tuning
- H03J3/02—Details
- H03J3/12—Electrically-operated arrangements for indicating correct tuning
- H03J3/14—Visual indication, e.g. magic eye
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03J—TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
- H03J2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to tuning resonant circuits and selecting resonant circuits
- H03J2200/28—Automatic self-alignment of a receiver
Abstract
RADIO RECEIVER ALIGNMENT INDICATOR
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A predetermined frequency alignment signal and a white noise source signal are alternately switched through the intermediate frequency amplifier stage (IF) of the receiver being aligned. A series connected integrating capacitor and tuning meter couple between the receiver's detector output and ground potential.
In operation, during the interval of white noise being applied to the IF the tuning meter is shorted and the capa-.
citor is charged to a net voltage Vn which is representative of the center frequency of the IF. When the alignment signal is applied to the IF, the tuning meter short is removed and a signal Vs appears across the capacitor-meter circuit, whereby the meter reading is indicative of Vs - Vn which represents relative receiver alignment.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A predetermined frequency alignment signal and a white noise source signal are alternately switched through the intermediate frequency amplifier stage (IF) of the receiver being aligned. A series connected integrating capacitor and tuning meter couple between the receiver's detector output and ground potential.
In operation, during the interval of white noise being applied to the IF the tuning meter is shorted and the capa-.
citor is charged to a net voltage Vn which is representative of the center frequency of the IF. When the alignment signal is applied to the IF, the tuning meter short is removed and a signal Vs appears across the capacitor-meter circuit, whereby the meter reading is indicative of Vs - Vn which represents relative receiver alignment.
Description
.
Background of the Invention The present invention pertains to the radio receiver art and, more particularly, to a means for, and a method of aligning a radio receivex. -i The radio receiver art has developed several techniques for the aligning of radio receivers. Alignment is a process , 20 whereby various stages of the receiver are properly tuned to the desired frequency. For E~ple, whRn a moh~ated si~ o~ pn~
termined frequency is applied to the radio ca~ier ~n~ncy input stage of a receiver, the local oscillator stage, tuned intermediate frequency stage, and detector stage must all be adjusted to maximally reproduce the signal at the d tector ~-(or demodulator in FM radio receiver) output.
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A typical alignment procedure known in the prior art is as follows. A predetermined frequency signal is applied to the radio frequency input, or antenna connection, of the receiver being aligned. The local oscillator is adjusted such that the output from the mixer is the input signal con-verted to the receivers intermediate frequency which, in a common FM radio is 10.7 MHz. The intermediate frequency stage is then adjusted such that the alignment signal is directly in the center of its passband. For receivers employing a fixed tuned IF stage, ~æ~er, the receiver may be misaligned due to the center band of the filter being at other than the deri~ed intermediate frequency. This results in mis-alignment. Finally, a DC tuning meter is connected to the output from the detector stage and the detector is adjusted such that the output reading is zero volts DC. Also, due to component value drifts caused by aging and thermal effects, a reading of zero volts DC may, in fact, correspond to a misaligned receiver. - -The above described prior art alignment procedure ;; 20 suffers from numerous disadvantages. Firstly, it is a complicated and tedious procedure, not generally suited to - efficient manufaaturing operation. Also, for receivers employing fixed intermediate frequency tuned stages, the above procedure does not provide optimum alignment. In addition, it is desirable for purposes such as field align-ment to use a zer~ centered DC tuning meter. For radio designs utilizing a quadrature detector, a non-zero DC
output signal appears at the detector when the detector is properly aligned. This fact precludes the use of zero centered DC tuning indicators when used in thè prior art aligning procedure.
Background of the Invention The present invention pertains to the radio receiver art and, more particularly, to a means for, and a method of aligning a radio receivex. -i The radio receiver art has developed several techniques for the aligning of radio receivers. Alignment is a process , 20 whereby various stages of the receiver are properly tuned to the desired frequency. For E~ple, whRn a moh~ated si~ o~ pn~
termined frequency is applied to the radio ca~ier ~n~ncy input stage of a receiver, the local oscillator stage, tuned intermediate frequency stage, and detector stage must all be adjusted to maximally reproduce the signal at the d tector ~-(or demodulator in FM radio receiver) output.
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A typical alignment procedure known in the prior art is as follows. A predetermined frequency signal is applied to the radio frequency input, or antenna connection, of the receiver being aligned. The local oscillator is adjusted such that the output from the mixer is the input signal con-verted to the receivers intermediate frequency which, in a common FM radio is 10.7 MHz. The intermediate frequency stage is then adjusted such that the alignment signal is directly in the center of its passband. For receivers employing a fixed tuned IF stage, ~æ~er, the receiver may be misaligned due to the center band of the filter being at other than the deri~ed intermediate frequency. This results in mis-alignment. Finally, a DC tuning meter is connected to the output from the detector stage and the detector is adjusted such that the output reading is zero volts DC. Also, due to component value drifts caused by aging and thermal effects, a reading of zero volts DC may, in fact, correspond to a misaligned receiver. - -The above described prior art alignment procedure ;; 20 suffers from numerous disadvantages. Firstly, it is a complicated and tedious procedure, not generally suited to - efficient manufaaturing operation. Also, for receivers employing fixed intermediate frequency tuned stages, the above procedure does not provide optimum alignment. In addition, it is desirable for purposes such as field align-ment to use a zer~ centered DC tuning meter. For radio designs utilizing a quadrature detector, a non-zero DC
output signal appears at the detector when the detector is properly aligned. This fact precludes the use of zero centered DC tuning indicators when used in thè prior art aligning procedure.
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Summary of the Invention It is an object of this invention, therefore, to provide a simple, efficient and precise method for the aligning of a radio receiver.
It is a further object of the invention to provide an improved means for indicating the relative degree of receiver alignment.
Briefly, according to the invention, an FM radio ~requency receiver ha~ing a tuned intermediate frequency stage (IF) followed by a detector stage may be aligned by first alter-natel~ applying a noise signal and then a predetermined frequency signal to the IF stage. The receiver is then adjusted such that the output of the detector stage respon- -; sive to the applied noise signal bears a predetermined relationship to the detector stage output responsive to the , applied predetermined frequency signal. Preferably, the ¦ frequency of the receiver's local oscillator is adjusted until the voltage at the detector output is the same whether the noise signal or the predetermined frequency signal is -applied.
The means for indicating receiver alignment includes a ` --signal generator for generating a predetermined frequency alignment signal, a noise source for generating a random noise signal and a switching means which alternately couples the predetermined frequency alignment signal and the noise signal to the receiver's intermediate frequency stage. A
comparator compares the output of the detector stage responsive to the predetermined frequency alignment signal being coupled to the IF stage with the output of the detector responsive to the noise signal being applied to the IF stage. An error signal is produced indicative of the tuning of the receiver .
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Summary of the Invention It is an object of this invention, therefore, to provide a simple, efficient and precise method for the aligning of a radio receiver.
It is a further object of the invention to provide an improved means for indicating the relative degree of receiver alignment.
Briefly, according to the invention, an FM radio ~requency receiver ha~ing a tuned intermediate frequency stage (IF) followed by a detector stage may be aligned by first alter-natel~ applying a noise signal and then a predetermined frequency signal to the IF stage. The receiver is then adjusted such that the output of the detector stage respon- -; sive to the applied noise signal bears a predetermined relationship to the detector stage output responsive to the , applied predetermined frequency signal. Preferably, the ¦ frequency of the receiver's local oscillator is adjusted until the voltage at the detector output is the same whether the noise signal or the predetermined frequency signal is -applied.
The means for indicating receiver alignment includes a ` --signal generator for generating a predetermined frequency alignment signal, a noise source for generating a random noise signal and a switching means which alternately couples the predetermined frequency alignment signal and the noise signal to the receiver's intermediate frequency stage. A
comparator compares the output of the detector stage responsive to the predetermined frequency alignment signal being coupled to the IF stage with the output of the detector responsive to the noise signal being applied to the IF stage. An error signal is produced indicative of the tuning of the receiver .
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-~ CM-78525 stage with respect to the predetermined fre~uency alignment signal. Preferably, the comparator comprises a capacitor which has one terminal coupled to the output of the detector and the other terminal coupled through a meter to reference, or ground potential. The switching means further includes a means which short circuits the meter during the time that one of the predetermined frequency alignment signal and noise signal is applied to the IF stage. In this manner, the fluctuation of the meter is indicative of the difference between the magnitudes of the detector stage outputs corres-ponding to the predetermined frequency alignment signal and the noise signal being coupled to the IF stage and, thus, is indicative of the relative alignment of the radio receiver.
Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the basic structure and operation of the preferred embodiment of the invention;
and Fig. 2 shows a series of waveforms representative of operation of the preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 1.
.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment of the Invention -Fig. l illustrates, in block diagram form, a conventional FM
radio receiver, indicated generally at 10 in combination with the preferred embodiment of the alignment indicator.
The receiver is comprised of a conventional RF input stage 12 adapted for receiving signals rom an antenna 14. The output from the RF stage 12 feeds to the first input 14a of a conventional mixer circuit 14. ~pplied to the second input 14b of mixer stage 14 is the output from the local oscillator stage 16. Local oscillator stage 16 is of con-ventional design, and is tunable over a defined range , ~ .
lll~q:l Z2 C~ 78525 ~ r suitable for converting the signal received at the mixer first input 14a to the intermediate frequency of the receiver.
The converted output appearing at the mixer output 14c is ooupled ~ugh switch 42 to the i~put 20a o~ oonventional tuned intermediate ~ ncy stage (IF) 20. Intermediate frequency stage 20 is of standard design employing circuits having tuned characteristics about a center frequency fc~ In a typical F~ radio receiver, fc is selected to be 10.~ MHz.
The filtered, amplified and limited signal ~ro~ I~ s~age 20-app~s at the stages output 20b and passes to the input 24a of a - conventional detector stage 24. Acting in the known manner, the detector 24 which produces an output signal representa-tive of the frequency change of signals applied to it, recovers the information, e.g. audio signal, contained in the input RF signal, reproducing this information signal at its output terminal 24b.
The alignment indicating circuitry, according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, includes switching - means, indicated generally at 40, which includes a first switch 42, coupled between the mixer output 14c and the IF
- input 20a, a second switch 44 and a switching control oscillator 46. Each switch 42, 44 is of the sin~le pole/single throw ~¦~ type and responds to control signals generated by switching control oscillator 46 to appropriately either short, or open its contacts. Thus, the switches 42, 44 may be comprised of relays or, preferably, suitable semiconductor de~ices such as bipolar transistors. In this, the preferred embodiment of the invention, the two switches 42, 44 are connected 180 out of phase, such that when one switch is open, the other is closed.
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A series connected integrating capacitor 50 and tuning meter 60 are coupled between the detector output 24b and reference, or ground potential 70. As will be understood more fully hereinbelow, capacitor S0 is of selected value to integrate the signals alternately applied to it as a result of the switching means 40.
Tuning meter60 is of conventional design, reading center scale with zero volts DC applied to it. In this, the preferred embodiment of the invention, tuning meter 60 is selected to be deflected full scale, in either direction, with an applied current of 25 microamps.
The method of aligning a radio receiver according to the instant invention, and operation of the means ~or indicating receiver alignment, may be understood as follows. A signal source 80 is coupled to the input of the RF stage 12. The signal source 80 is adjusted to generate a predetermined frequency alignment carrier. The alignment carrier signal is converted, via the operation of mixer 14 and local oscil- -lator 16, to the intermediate frequency whereby the converted signal appears at the mixer output 14c. In its first mode of operation, that is when its contacts are shorted together, switch 42 couples the converted alignment signal through the IF stage 20 and detector stage 24 whereby the output from the detector responsive to the applied alignment signal appears at the detector output 24b. When switch 42 is in its second mode of operation, i.e. its contacts being open circuited, a random, white noise signal appears at the input 20a of the IF stage 20. It is commonly known to one of ordinary skill in the art that the input 20a of IF stage 20 will contain white noise when open circuited. An alternate method of applying white noise to the IF stage would be to ~.~ .
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inhibit operation of the local oscillator stage 16 or to open circuit the RF stage 12 input. A further way to apply white noise to the IF stage 20 would be to switch the IF
stage input 20a directly to a white noise source, Suchsources being o~mLrcially available (and shcwn diagramnati~ly by the box 15 in Fig. 1).
During the period that switch 42 is in its second mode and white noise is applied through the IF stage 20 and detector stage 24, switch 44 is closed thereby shorting out the tuning meter 60. Thus, in this mode, capacitor 50 integrates the processed noise signal through the IF 20 and detector stage 24. Assuming a symmetric detector stage 24, the net, integrated voltage appearing at the detector output 24b during this second mode operation of switch 42 charges capacitor 50 to a voltage Vn. This voltage is directly representative of the center frequency of the IF stage 20.
With switch 42 in its first mode, the ~onverted align-ment signal is applied through the IF stage 20 and detector ~ --stage 24 thereby producing an output signal Vs~ This voltage `-` appears directly across both the capacitor 50 and tuning meter 60 since, in this mode, switch 44 is open circuited.
Thus, the voltage appearing across tuning meter 60 is equal to Vs ~ Vn which is a differential error voltage representative ¦ of the difference between the outputs of detector 24 resulting from application of the white noise signal and the predetermined frequency alignment signal.
Since the integrated noise signal Vn is representative ~ of the center frequency of the IF 20 and detector 24, devia--~^ tions of the alignment signal from the center frequency of IF 20 and detector ~4 will produce an output signal Vs differing in magnitude from that of the noise signal Vn.
Thus, meter 60 will deflect to indicate magnitude of misalignment ,,~
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of the receiver as well as an indication of whether the receiver is tuned above or below the alignment signal.
Thus, the receiver may be aligned as, for example, by adjusting local oscillator 16 such that the reading on meter 60 is a zero volts DC.
Fig. 2 illustrates representative wave forms appearing at the output 24b of detector 24 during operation of the alignment method. Here, the time tl is representative of j the time during which the first switch 42 is in its first mode or closed state of operation (6 milliseconds in thepreferred e~x~i-! ment of the invention) with the time t2 representative of switch 42 being in its second mode or open state of ~ration (2mi11iseconds in th~ pref~d e~xxl~ent of the invention~. ~hus, referring to Fig. 2a, which is representative of the alignment frequency ' signal being at a freguency below the center of the IF 20 , passband, during the time tl capacitor 50 is charged to the ¦ voltage Vs~ Then, during time interval t2, white noise is fed through IF 20 and the meter circuit 60 is shorted. This produces a noise voltage, which is centered about V~. The - -difference between the two signals Vs ~ Vn is a net negative voltage which drives meter 60 of Fig. 1 in the negative ; direction.
In Fig. 2b, the alignment signal is at a frequency above the center passband of IF 20 and detector 24. ~ere, the net error signal Vs ~ Vn is positive, which drives meter 60 to a positive reading.
~ The capacitor 50 and the meter 60 comprise a comparator : means for comparing the output of the detector 24 under the two conditions of operation.
In addition, by proper selection of the capacitor 50, the sampling rate, the duty cycle and the mechanical dampening 2Z ~
~~ CM-78525 of the meter 60, the meter assumes as table reading indicative of receiver alignment.
In summary, the method of aligning a radio receiver, according to the instant invention, may be efficiently performed while maintaining a high degree of precision.
The means for indicating the degree of receiver mis-alignment, according to the invention is precise, and inexpensive to implement. Further, for receivers employing detectors which inherently have a DC offset at the output 24b, such as quadrature detectors, the instant indicator means allows a zero center DC meter to be employed due to the DC blocking action of capacitor 50.
While a preferred embodiment of the invention has been described in detail, it should be apparent to many modifica-tions and variations thereto are possible, all of which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
~ For example, whereas in the instant embodiment of the ! invention an alignment signal was converted through the mixer before being applied to the IF stage, i~ should be -apparent that an alignment signal could be applied directly to the IF input and the receiver aligned accordingly. .^
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~,............................. .
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-~ CM-78525 stage with respect to the predetermined fre~uency alignment signal. Preferably, the comparator comprises a capacitor which has one terminal coupled to the output of the detector and the other terminal coupled through a meter to reference, or ground potential. The switching means further includes a means which short circuits the meter during the time that one of the predetermined frequency alignment signal and noise signal is applied to the IF stage. In this manner, the fluctuation of the meter is indicative of the difference between the magnitudes of the detector stage outputs corres-ponding to the predetermined frequency alignment signal and the noise signal being coupled to the IF stage and, thus, is indicative of the relative alignment of the radio receiver.
Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the basic structure and operation of the preferred embodiment of the invention;
and Fig. 2 shows a series of waveforms representative of operation of the preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 1.
.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment of the Invention -Fig. l illustrates, in block diagram form, a conventional FM
radio receiver, indicated generally at 10 in combination with the preferred embodiment of the alignment indicator.
The receiver is comprised of a conventional RF input stage 12 adapted for receiving signals rom an antenna 14. The output from the RF stage 12 feeds to the first input 14a of a conventional mixer circuit 14. ~pplied to the second input 14b of mixer stage 14 is the output from the local oscillator stage 16. Local oscillator stage 16 is of con-ventional design, and is tunable over a defined range , ~ .
lll~q:l Z2 C~ 78525 ~ r suitable for converting the signal received at the mixer first input 14a to the intermediate frequency of the receiver.
The converted output appearing at the mixer output 14c is ooupled ~ugh switch 42 to the i~put 20a o~ oonventional tuned intermediate ~ ncy stage (IF) 20. Intermediate frequency stage 20 is of standard design employing circuits having tuned characteristics about a center frequency fc~ In a typical F~ radio receiver, fc is selected to be 10.~ MHz.
The filtered, amplified and limited signal ~ro~ I~ s~age 20-app~s at the stages output 20b and passes to the input 24a of a - conventional detector stage 24. Acting in the known manner, the detector 24 which produces an output signal representa-tive of the frequency change of signals applied to it, recovers the information, e.g. audio signal, contained in the input RF signal, reproducing this information signal at its output terminal 24b.
The alignment indicating circuitry, according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, includes switching - means, indicated generally at 40, which includes a first switch 42, coupled between the mixer output 14c and the IF
- input 20a, a second switch 44 and a switching control oscillator 46. Each switch 42, 44 is of the sin~le pole/single throw ~¦~ type and responds to control signals generated by switching control oscillator 46 to appropriately either short, or open its contacts. Thus, the switches 42, 44 may be comprised of relays or, preferably, suitable semiconductor de~ices such as bipolar transistors. In this, the preferred embodiment of the invention, the two switches 42, 44 are connected 180 out of phase, such that when one switch is open, the other is closed.
1114~2Z
A series connected integrating capacitor 50 and tuning meter 60 are coupled between the detector output 24b and reference, or ground potential 70. As will be understood more fully hereinbelow, capacitor S0 is of selected value to integrate the signals alternately applied to it as a result of the switching means 40.
Tuning meter60 is of conventional design, reading center scale with zero volts DC applied to it. In this, the preferred embodiment of the invention, tuning meter 60 is selected to be deflected full scale, in either direction, with an applied current of 25 microamps.
The method of aligning a radio receiver according to the instant invention, and operation of the means ~or indicating receiver alignment, may be understood as follows. A signal source 80 is coupled to the input of the RF stage 12. The signal source 80 is adjusted to generate a predetermined frequency alignment carrier. The alignment carrier signal is converted, via the operation of mixer 14 and local oscil- -lator 16, to the intermediate frequency whereby the converted signal appears at the mixer output 14c. In its first mode of operation, that is when its contacts are shorted together, switch 42 couples the converted alignment signal through the IF stage 20 and detector stage 24 whereby the output from the detector responsive to the applied alignment signal appears at the detector output 24b. When switch 42 is in its second mode of operation, i.e. its contacts being open circuited, a random, white noise signal appears at the input 20a of the IF stage 20. It is commonly known to one of ordinary skill in the art that the input 20a of IF stage 20 will contain white noise when open circuited. An alternate method of applying white noise to the IF stage would be to ~.~ .
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- CM-78525 ~ ~
inhibit operation of the local oscillator stage 16 or to open circuit the RF stage 12 input. A further way to apply white noise to the IF stage 20 would be to switch the IF
stage input 20a directly to a white noise source, Suchsources being o~mLrcially available (and shcwn diagramnati~ly by the box 15 in Fig. 1).
During the period that switch 42 is in its second mode and white noise is applied through the IF stage 20 and detector stage 24, switch 44 is closed thereby shorting out the tuning meter 60. Thus, in this mode, capacitor 50 integrates the processed noise signal through the IF 20 and detector stage 24. Assuming a symmetric detector stage 24, the net, integrated voltage appearing at the detector output 24b during this second mode operation of switch 42 charges capacitor 50 to a voltage Vn. This voltage is directly representative of the center frequency of the IF stage 20.
With switch 42 in its first mode, the ~onverted align-ment signal is applied through the IF stage 20 and detector ~ --stage 24 thereby producing an output signal Vs~ This voltage `-` appears directly across both the capacitor 50 and tuning meter 60 since, in this mode, switch 44 is open circuited.
Thus, the voltage appearing across tuning meter 60 is equal to Vs ~ Vn which is a differential error voltage representative ¦ of the difference between the outputs of detector 24 resulting from application of the white noise signal and the predetermined frequency alignment signal.
Since the integrated noise signal Vn is representative ~ of the center frequency of the IF 20 and detector 24, devia--~^ tions of the alignment signal from the center frequency of IF 20 and detector ~4 will produce an output signal Vs differing in magnitude from that of the noise signal Vn.
Thus, meter 60 will deflect to indicate magnitude of misalignment ,,~
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of the receiver as well as an indication of whether the receiver is tuned above or below the alignment signal.
Thus, the receiver may be aligned as, for example, by adjusting local oscillator 16 such that the reading on meter 60 is a zero volts DC.
Fig. 2 illustrates representative wave forms appearing at the output 24b of detector 24 during operation of the alignment method. Here, the time tl is representative of j the time during which the first switch 42 is in its first mode or closed state of operation (6 milliseconds in thepreferred e~x~i-! ment of the invention) with the time t2 representative of switch 42 being in its second mode or open state of ~ration (2mi11iseconds in th~ pref~d e~xxl~ent of the invention~. ~hus, referring to Fig. 2a, which is representative of the alignment frequency ' signal being at a freguency below the center of the IF 20 , passband, during the time tl capacitor 50 is charged to the ¦ voltage Vs~ Then, during time interval t2, white noise is fed through IF 20 and the meter circuit 60 is shorted. This produces a noise voltage, which is centered about V~. The - -difference between the two signals Vs ~ Vn is a net negative voltage which drives meter 60 of Fig. 1 in the negative ; direction.
In Fig. 2b, the alignment signal is at a frequency above the center passband of IF 20 and detector 24. ~ere, the net error signal Vs ~ Vn is positive, which drives meter 60 to a positive reading.
~ The capacitor 50 and the meter 60 comprise a comparator : means for comparing the output of the detector 24 under the two conditions of operation.
In addition, by proper selection of the capacitor 50, the sampling rate, the duty cycle and the mechanical dampening 2Z ~
~~ CM-78525 of the meter 60, the meter assumes as table reading indicative of receiver alignment.
In summary, the method of aligning a radio receiver, according to the instant invention, may be efficiently performed while maintaining a high degree of precision.
The means for indicating the degree of receiver mis-alignment, according to the invention is precise, and inexpensive to implement. Further, for receivers employing detectors which inherently have a DC offset at the output 24b, such as quadrature detectors, the instant indicator means allows a zero center DC meter to be employed due to the DC blocking action of capacitor 50.
While a preferred embodiment of the invention has been described in detail, it should be apparent to many modifica-tions and variations thereto are possible, all of which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
~ For example, whereas in the instant embodiment of the ! invention an alignment signal was converted through the mixer before being applied to the IF stage, i~ should be -apparent that an alignment signal could be applied directly to the IF input and the receiver aligned accordingly. .^
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Claims (2)
1. Indicator means for indicating the relative alignment of an FM radio receiver, having a tuned intermediate frequency (IF) stage followed by a detector stage, which detector stage produces an output representative of the change in frequency of a signal applied at its input, comprising:
signal generator means for generating a predetermined frequency alignment signal and a noise source means for generating a random noise signal;
switching means for alternately coupling, at a pre-determined rate, the predetermined frequency alignment signal and the noise signal to said IF stage; and comparator means for. comparing the output of said detector stage responsive to the predetermined frequency alignment signal being coupled to the IF stage with the output of said detector stage responsive to the noise signal being applied to said IF
stage and producing an error signal indicative of the tuning of said IF stage with respect to said predetermined frequency align-ment signal.
signal generator means for generating a predetermined frequency alignment signal and a noise source means for generating a random noise signal;
switching means for alternately coupling, at a pre-determined rate, the predetermined frequency alignment signal and the noise signal to said IF stage; and comparator means for. comparing the output of said detector stage responsive to the predetermined frequency alignment signal being coupled to the IF stage with the output of said detector stage responsive to the noise signal being applied to said IF
stage and producing an error signal indicative of the tuning of said IF stage with respect to said predetermined frequency align-ment signal.
2. The indicator means of claim 1 wherein the comparator means comprises:
capacitor means, of predetermined value, having one terminal coupled to the output of said detector;
meter means, for indicating the magnitude of said error signal, coupled between the free end of said capacitor and a reference potential; and wherein said switching means further comprises:
means for short circuiting said meter means during the time that noise signal is coupled to said IF stage and for open circuiting said meter means during the time that said predetermined frequency alignment signal is coupled to said IF stage, whereby the deflection of said meter is indicative of the difference between the magnitudes of the detector stage outputs corresponding to the predetermined frequency alignment signal and the noise signal being coupled to said IF stage.
capacitor means, of predetermined value, having one terminal coupled to the output of said detector;
meter means, for indicating the magnitude of said error signal, coupled between the free end of said capacitor and a reference potential; and wherein said switching means further comprises:
means for short circuiting said meter means during the time that noise signal is coupled to said IF stage and for open circuiting said meter means during the time that said predetermined frequency alignment signal is coupled to said IF stage, whereby the deflection of said meter is indicative of the difference between the magnitudes of the detector stage outputs corresponding to the predetermined frequency alignment signal and the noise signal being coupled to said IF stage.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US876,386 | 1978-02-09 | ||
| US05/876,386 US4232398A (en) | 1978-02-09 | 1978-02-09 | Radio receiver alignment indicator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1114022A true CA1114022A (en) | 1981-12-08 |
Family
ID=25367578
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA319,299A Expired CA1114022A (en) | 1978-02-09 | 1979-01-09 | Radio receiver alignment indicator |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4232398A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0003634B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS54112112A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR215985A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU509265B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7900689A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1114022A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2960909D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK51979A (en) |
| IL (1) | IL56423A (en) |
| MX (1) | MX147172A (en) |
Families Citing this family (31)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02100429A (en) * | 1988-10-05 | 1990-04-12 | Fujitsu Ten Ltd | Evaluating and studying device for electric circuit |
| US4864218A (en) * | 1988-11-09 | 1989-09-05 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | Method of compensating for frequency errors in noise power meters |
| US4905308A (en) * | 1989-04-05 | 1990-02-27 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | Noise parameter determination method |
| US5099200A (en) * | 1990-01-12 | 1992-03-24 | Hewlett-Packard Company | I.f. calibration system |
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| US7535247B2 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2009-05-19 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | Interface for testing semiconductors |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB559555A (en) * | 1941-10-21 | 1944-02-24 | Philco Radio & Television Corp | Frequency modulation radio receivers |
| DE1034716B (en) * | 1952-02-09 | 1958-07-24 | Iapatelholdiapatentverwertungs | Device for functional testing of a frequency-modulated receiving system |
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| US3487313A (en) * | 1966-02-28 | 1969-12-30 | Cushman Electronics Inc | Frequency generating and measuring apparatus |
| GB1212367A (en) * | 1966-12-23 | 1970-11-18 | Wandel U Goltermann K G | A high frequency signal level measuring instrument |
| US3564420A (en) * | 1967-11-28 | 1971-02-16 | Nasa | Method and means for providing an absolute power measurement capability |
| US3506915A (en) * | 1968-03-14 | 1970-04-14 | Cutler Hammer Inc | Calibrator system for automatic noise figure indicators |
| US3628151A (en) * | 1970-01-08 | 1971-12-14 | Sperry Rand Corp | Radiometer gain control |
| US3631346A (en) * | 1970-02-02 | 1971-12-28 | Sperry Rand Corp | Low self-noise radiometer system |
| JPS5138523B2 (en) * | 1971-09-20 | 1976-10-22 | ||
| US3875328A (en) * | 1973-08-03 | 1975-04-01 | Rca Corp | Apparatus and method for measuring the signal to noise ratio for a periodic signal |
| JPS51142201A (en) * | 1975-06-02 | 1976-12-07 | Onkyo Corp | Automatic frequency control circuit |
-
1978
- 1978-02-09 US US05/876,386 patent/US4232398A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1979
- 1979-01-09 EP EP79300029A patent/EP0003634B1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-01-09 CA CA319,299A patent/CA1114022A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-01-09 DE DE7979300029T patent/DE2960909D1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-01-12 IL IL56423A patent/IL56423A/en unknown
- 1979-01-31 AR AR275361A patent/AR215985A1/en active
- 1979-01-31 JP JP1025879A patent/JPS54112112A/en active Granted
- 1979-02-05 AU AU43939/79A patent/AU509265B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1979-02-05 BR BR7900689A patent/BR7900689A/en unknown
- 1979-02-06 MX MX176526A patent/MX147172A/en unknown
- 1979-02-08 DK DK51979A patent/DK51979A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK51979A (en) | 1979-08-10 |
| JPS6131653B2 (en) | 1986-07-22 |
| IL56423A0 (en) | 1979-03-12 |
| JPS54112112A (en) | 1979-09-01 |
| AU4393979A (en) | 1979-08-16 |
| EP0003634A1 (en) | 1979-08-22 |
| IL56423A (en) | 1981-02-27 |
| US4232398A (en) | 1980-11-04 |
| MX147172A (en) | 1982-10-19 |
| BR7900689A (en) | 1979-09-04 |
| DE2960909D1 (en) | 1981-12-17 |
| EP0003634B1 (en) | 1981-10-07 |
| AR215985A1 (en) | 1979-11-15 |
| AU509265B2 (en) | 1980-05-01 |
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