CA1123197A - Hydroxylated resin acid and/or metal salts as anti-haze additives in gasoline - Google Patents
Hydroxylated resin acid and/or metal salts as anti-haze additives in gasolineInfo
- Publication number
- CA1123197A CA1123197A CA320,611A CA320611A CA1123197A CA 1123197 A CA1123197 A CA 1123197A CA 320611 A CA320611 A CA 320611A CA 1123197 A CA1123197 A CA 1123197A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- haze
- metal
- resin acid
- hydroxylated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
- C10L1/1885—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof resin acid
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A fuel composition comprising a major amount of gasoline and an effective dehazing amount of an anti-haze additive which is an hydroxylated resin acid or an hydroxylated resin acid and a metal resinate salt wherein said metal is selected from the metals of Group II to IV, VII and VIII of the Mendeleev Periodic Table; or from about 1 to about 30 ppm by weight of the metal resinate salt as the anti-haze additive. The fuel compositions have improved haze properties. A method which comprises adding the anti-haze additive to the gasoline is also described.
A fuel composition comprising a major amount of gasoline and an effective dehazing amount of an anti-haze additive which is an hydroxylated resin acid or an hydroxylated resin acid and a metal resinate salt wherein said metal is selected from the metals of Group II to IV, VII and VIII of the Mendeleev Periodic Table; or from about 1 to about 30 ppm by weight of the metal resinate salt as the anti-haze additive. The fuel compositions have improved haze properties. A method which comprises adding the anti-haze additive to the gasoline is also described.
Description
;23~7 1 BACKGROUND OF TH~ INVENTION
2 This inventlon concerns anti-haze or deha~e addi~
3 tlves for petroleum fuels.
Petroleum fuels, such as gasoline and jet fuel often encounter haze problems, ~hich result from the orma-6 tion of a water~in-oil ~mul~lon when only slight traces of 7 water remain in the ~uel. This is particularly true when 8 dispersant~detergent additives are added to the fuel. Such g dispersant-detergent additives maintain a cleaneL^ carbure-l~ tor as well as cleaner mani~old ports and valves~ however, ll because of the detergent nature o these additivesg wa~er 12 tolerance pro~lems have arisen.
13 One technique known to alleviate the undesirable ~4 haze problem in petroleum fuels lncludes the addition of a solution of inorganic halide or nltrate salts in a solvent l~ such as aliphatlc alcohols or glycol e~hers as disclosed 17 in UOS. Patent 49002955~ issued January 119 1977 to N. Feld~
lS man. Another tec~nique involves addition o~ a dehaæing l9 additive comprising phenolformaldehyde resins which are first reacted ~ith ~ ole~in epoxides and then reacted with 21 an alkylene oxide a~ discl~ ed in UOS. Paten~ 4,046,52l 22 issued September 69 1977 to Do UO Bessler e~ alO
. . ...
24 Now it has been discovered tha~ the pro~lem of haze formation in petroleum fuels is alleviated by addition 26 o~ an anti haæe add~ive comprlsi$lg an hydroxyla~ed resin 27 acid and/or a selected metal reslnate salt.
28 Accordingly, i~ is~ object o this lnvention 29 ~o provlde a petroleum uel cnmposition whlch has particu-30 larly improved haze prcper~lesO It ~s another obJect o , ' . ' ~ .
- , ., ,. .: .
this invention to provide a method wherehy the problem of haze formation in petroleum fuels, such as gasoline or jet fuel, is overcome.
Thus the present invention provides a fuel composition comprising a major amount of gasoline and an effective dehazing amount of an anti-haze additive which is an hydroxylated resin acid or an hydroxylated resin acid and a metal resinate salt wherein said metal is selected from the meta~s of Group II to IV, VII and VIII of the Mendeleev Periodic Table; or from about 1 to about 30 ppm by weight of the metal resinate salt as the anti-haze additive.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention the anti-haze additives which are added to the petroleum fuel composition comprise an hydroxylated resin acid and/or a selected metal resinate. The resin acid that is used is a monocarboxylic acid having the typical formula C20H3002. Generally, the term "resin acid" as used throughout the specification and claims include acids of this formula as well as acids coming under the name, abietic acid, diterpene acids, rosen and the isomers and homologues thereof. The resin acids are oftentimes found occurring naturally as for example in rosin, but also may be obtained by methods which are well known.
Further information about the resin acids may be found in Kirk-Othmer, "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", second edition, Vol. 17, pages 475-508.
The resin acids, as defined above, are hydroxylated for use in this invention and such hydroxylation is obtained through well known oxidation routes as, for example, described in the above noted Kirk-Othmer article, pages 491-493. One particularly suitable method for hydroxylating the resin acids .... ~..
. ~,) , . . .
l lnvoLves the well known permanganate oxidation technique 2 wherein for example, an alkaline permanganate is used at tem-3 peratures generally below ambient temperature. Generally,
Petroleum fuels, such as gasoline and jet fuel often encounter haze problems, ~hich result from the orma-6 tion of a water~in-oil ~mul~lon when only slight traces of 7 water remain in the ~uel. This is particularly true when 8 dispersant~detergent additives are added to the fuel. Such g dispersant-detergent additives maintain a cleaneL^ carbure-l~ tor as well as cleaner mani~old ports and valves~ however, ll because of the detergent nature o these additivesg wa~er 12 tolerance pro~lems have arisen.
13 One technique known to alleviate the undesirable ~4 haze problem in petroleum fuels lncludes the addition of a solution of inorganic halide or nltrate salts in a solvent l~ such as aliphatlc alcohols or glycol e~hers as disclosed 17 in UOS. Patent 49002955~ issued January 119 1977 to N. Feld~
lS man. Another tec~nique involves addition o~ a dehaæing l9 additive comprising phenolformaldehyde resins which are first reacted ~ith ~ ole~in epoxides and then reacted with 21 an alkylene oxide a~ discl~ ed in UOS. Paten~ 4,046,52l 22 issued September 69 1977 to Do UO Bessler e~ alO
. . ...
24 Now it has been discovered tha~ the pro~lem of haze formation in petroleum fuels is alleviated by addition 26 o~ an anti haæe add~ive comprlsi$lg an hydroxyla~ed resin 27 acid and/or a selected metal reslnate salt.
28 Accordingly, i~ is~ object o this lnvention 29 ~o provlde a petroleum uel cnmposition whlch has particu-30 larly improved haze prcper~lesO It ~s another obJect o , ' . ' ~ .
- , ., ,. .: .
this invention to provide a method wherehy the problem of haze formation in petroleum fuels, such as gasoline or jet fuel, is overcome.
Thus the present invention provides a fuel composition comprising a major amount of gasoline and an effective dehazing amount of an anti-haze additive which is an hydroxylated resin acid or an hydroxylated resin acid and a metal resinate salt wherein said metal is selected from the meta~s of Group II to IV, VII and VIII of the Mendeleev Periodic Table; or from about 1 to about 30 ppm by weight of the metal resinate salt as the anti-haze additive.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention the anti-haze additives which are added to the petroleum fuel composition comprise an hydroxylated resin acid and/or a selected metal resinate. The resin acid that is used is a monocarboxylic acid having the typical formula C20H3002. Generally, the term "resin acid" as used throughout the specification and claims include acids of this formula as well as acids coming under the name, abietic acid, diterpene acids, rosen and the isomers and homologues thereof. The resin acids are oftentimes found occurring naturally as for example in rosin, but also may be obtained by methods which are well known.
Further information about the resin acids may be found in Kirk-Othmer, "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", second edition, Vol. 17, pages 475-508.
The resin acids, as defined above, are hydroxylated for use in this invention and such hydroxylation is obtained through well known oxidation routes as, for example, described in the above noted Kirk-Othmer article, pages 491-493. One particularly suitable method for hydroxylating the resin acids .... ~..
. ~,) , . . .
l lnvoLves the well known permanganate oxidation technique 2 wherein for example, an alkaline permanganate is used at tem-3 peratures generally below ambient temperature. Generally,
4 such hydroxylated resin acids will have about l to about 5, preferably about 2 to about 4 and more preferably about 4 6 hydroxyl groups.
7 The metal resinate salts which optionally may be ` 8 used in combination with the resin aclds or alone, generally 9 comprise the metal salts of the resin acids wherein the ~Ptal is selected from the metals of Groups II to IV, VIX and VIII
ll of the Mendeleev periodic table and mixtures thereof~ More 12 particularly, the meta~ used in the metal resinate salt will 13 be selected from the group consisting of zinc~ calcium, 14 magnesium, lead, manganese and iron, wi.th zlnc being the most particularly preferred. A mixture o zinc and calcium 16 resinates has been found to be particularly sul~ablc in the 17 composition of this invention. Preparation o the metal 18 resinate salts is well kno~n as disclosed in the previously l9 cited ~irk-Othmer article, pages 498 to 500.
A wide variety of petrole~m hydrocarbon fuels can 21 be dehazed according to this in~ention. In general, the fuels 22 employed include gasoline, i.e., both notor and aviation gaso-23 lines, jet-luel and kerosene and have compositions comprising 24 mixtures of hydrocarbons o various types incLuding straight and branched cha:Ln paraffins9 olefins, a~oma~ics and naph~he-26 nic hydrocarbons. Such fuel components may be derived from 27 crude oil by any of the con~-entional reining and b~ending 28 processes, such as straight rull distillation~ thermal cracking9 29 hydrocracking, catalytic cracking and various reformlng processes. T~ical mo1:or and aviation motor gasolines useful ~ .
.
~ 7 -1 in this invention are described in U.S. Pa~ent 3,7079362 2 issued December 269 1972 to A. Zimmer~n et alO
3 In general, the fuel composition of ~his Invention 4 will con~ain a major propor~ion of the pe~roleum hydrocarbon fuel and an efec~îve dehaæing amoun~ of dehazer additive 6 comprising the hydroxylated resin ac~d and/or metal resinate 7 salt. More pa-,ticularly, the dehazer addltiv~ will com~i.se 8 from about 1 to about 30 ppm, preferably from about 2 to 9 about 15 pp~ and more preferably from about ~ to ~out 10 ppm by weight of the fuel composi~ion. When combinations of ~he 11 resin acid and resinate salt are used~ they will generally be 12 used in a relative weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:1, 13 preferably about ~:3 to about 3:1 and more preferably abou~
14 1:1.5 to about 1.5:1 of resin acid to metal resinate salt.
15 The particularly preferred resin acid is abietic l~
16 acid and æinc resinate is the preferred metal resinate salt.
17 The fuel composition in which the dehaze addltive is most 18 desirably employed is gasoline and particularly motor gasoline.
19 Minor amourl~s of other additives generally used in various fuel composit-ton may optionally be employed in the com 21 positions of this in~ention. The dehaze additive o~ this in-22 vention is par~icularly e~fective in Fuel compositions which 23 contain an`oil soluble ashless dispersan~ and particularly 24 the acylated ni~rogen containing compounds as disclosed for e~ample in U.S. Patent 3,632,511 issued on January 4, 1972 to 26 C~ ~iao.
27 Having thus broadly and speciically described the 2~ present inventlc,n9 ~t is believed tha~ the same will become 2~ even more apparent by reerence to the ollowing exam~les which are included ~or purposes of Illustration and which are in no ; , .. . . Il 1 ~a~ intended to limi~ the scope of the invention. I
2 EX~LE I
3 A typical unleaded gasoline composition containing 4 25 ptb (pounds per ~housand barrels - for gasolin8 1 ptb 3 ~'
7 The metal resinate salts which optionally may be ` 8 used in combination with the resin aclds or alone, generally 9 comprise the metal salts of the resin acids wherein the ~Ptal is selected from the metals of Groups II to IV, VIX and VIII
ll of the Mendeleev periodic table and mixtures thereof~ More 12 particularly, the meta~ used in the metal resinate salt will 13 be selected from the group consisting of zinc~ calcium, 14 magnesium, lead, manganese and iron, wi.th zlnc being the most particularly preferred. A mixture o zinc and calcium 16 resinates has been found to be particularly sul~ablc in the 17 composition of this invention. Preparation o the metal 18 resinate salts is well kno~n as disclosed in the previously l9 cited ~irk-Othmer article, pages 498 to 500.
A wide variety of petrole~m hydrocarbon fuels can 21 be dehazed according to this in~ention. In general, the fuels 22 employed include gasoline, i.e., both notor and aviation gaso-23 lines, jet-luel and kerosene and have compositions comprising 24 mixtures of hydrocarbons o various types incLuding straight and branched cha:Ln paraffins9 olefins, a~oma~ics and naph~he-26 nic hydrocarbons. Such fuel components may be derived from 27 crude oil by any of the con~-entional reining and b~ending 28 processes, such as straight rull distillation~ thermal cracking9 29 hydrocracking, catalytic cracking and various reformlng processes. T~ical mo1:or and aviation motor gasolines useful ~ .
.
~ 7 -1 in this invention are described in U.S. Pa~ent 3,7079362 2 issued December 269 1972 to A. Zimmer~n et alO
3 In general, the fuel composition of ~his Invention 4 will con~ain a major propor~ion of the pe~roleum hydrocarbon fuel and an efec~îve dehaæing amoun~ of dehazer additive 6 comprising the hydroxylated resin ac~d and/or metal resinate 7 salt. More pa-,ticularly, the dehazer addltiv~ will com~i.se 8 from about 1 to about 30 ppm, preferably from about 2 to 9 about 15 pp~ and more preferably from about ~ to ~out 10 ppm by weight of the fuel composi~ion. When combinations of ~he 11 resin acid and resinate salt are used~ they will generally be 12 used in a relative weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:1, 13 preferably about ~:3 to about 3:1 and more preferably abou~
14 1:1.5 to about 1.5:1 of resin acid to metal resinate salt.
15 The particularly preferred resin acid is abietic l~
16 acid and æinc resinate is the preferred metal resinate salt.
17 The fuel composition in which the dehaze addltive is most 18 desirably employed is gasoline and particularly motor gasoline.
19 Minor amourl~s of other additives generally used in various fuel composit-ton may optionally be employed in the com 21 positions of this in~ention. The dehaze additive o~ this in-22 vention is par~icularly e~fective in Fuel compositions which 23 contain an`oil soluble ashless dispersan~ and particularly 24 the acylated ni~rogen containing compounds as disclosed for e~ample in U.S. Patent 3,632,511 issued on January 4, 1972 to 26 C~ ~iao.
27 Having thus broadly and speciically described the 2~ present inventlc,n9 ~t is believed tha~ the same will become 2~ even more apparent by reerence to the ollowing exam~les which are included ~or purposes of Illustration and which are in no ; , .. . . Il 1 ~a~ intended to limi~ the scope of the invention. I
2 EX~LE I
3 A typical unleaded gasoline composition containing 4 25 ptb (pounds per ~housand barrels - for gasolin8 1 ptb 3 ~'
5 3.8 ppm) o~ a conventional dispersan~ which is a polyiso- I
6 butenyl succinic anhydride triethylene tetramlne was combined
7 with 2 ptb of an anti-haze additive comprising a hydrogylated
8 abietic acid. The hydroxylated abietic acid was prepared
9 from abietic acid using a permanganate oxidation method and had a chemical content by weight of 66.4% carbon~ 8.3% hydro~
1~ gen and 25~3e/o oxygen. The gasoline used contained 75 vol. ,' 12 % saturates 5 16 vol. % aromatics and 9 vol. % olefins with a ~, 13 boiling range of 2803 to 205.6C. (83 to ~02F~) and a ~o~al 14 sulfur con~ent of 300 ppm.
The prepared composition was subjected to a Waring 16 Blender haze test wherein 450 ml. o-f the gasoline composition 17 and 4.5 ml. o water bottoms was mixed for 20 seconds at a 18 speed o 5000 rpm. Haze readings (ra~ing o 4 is very hazy, 19 3 moderately hazy3 2 slightly hazy and 1 bright and clear) were talcen 3.t periodic intervals and the resulting haæe 2I readings were 4 after 1 hour, 3~ after 2 hours and 1 to 1~ 1 22 ater 3 hours. - ~i 23 For comparison purposes, an identical fuel com~osi-24 tion but without the anti-haze additive was subjected to the same test and haze readings were 4 ater 1 hour, 4 ater 2 26 hours and 4~ after 3 Itours.
27 EXAMPL~ IL
28 An unleaded ~asoline composi~ion the same as in 29 Example I ~as com~-Lned ~ith 2 ptb of ~inc resinate as tLle anti-haze addltive and subjected to the Waring Blender haze ., ~
~3 1 test as in Example I w-ith resulting haze readings of 4 after 2 1 hour, 2 to 2~ after 2 hou~s and 1 after 3 hours.
4 An unleaded gasoline composition3 the same as in Example I, was combined with an anti-haze additive comprising 6 1 ptb o hydroxylated abietic acid (as in E~;ample I) and 1 7 ptb of a m~.ed zinc/calcium resinate salt, manu~actured and 8 sold commercially by Crosby Chemical and ha~ing about 4.9 -9 5.8 wt. % zinc and abou~ 3 to 4 w~. % calcium. The prepared composition was then subjected to the Waring Blender haze 11 test as in Example I and the resulting haze readings were 4~
12 after 1 hour~ ~ to 1~ after 2 hours and 1 after 3 hours.
13 Anoth~r co~position which was identical~ but con-14 tained 1.5 ptb of hydroxylated abietic acid and 0O5 ptb of the zinc/calcium resinate salt, was subjected to the Waring 6 Blender haze test and gave haze readings o~ 4~ after 1 hour~
17 1~ after 2 hours and 1 after 3 hours.
18 Still another composition~ but containing O.S ptb 19 of hydroxylated abietic acid and 1.5 ptb of the zinc/ca~cium resinate salt, was subjected to the Waring Blender haze test 21 and resulting readings were 4 after 1 hour~ 1~ after 2 hours 22 and 1 after 3 hours.
24 An unleaded gasoline compos~tion, the same as in Example Iy was combined with 2 ptb of an anti-haze additive 26 comprising the same mixed zinc-calcium resinate 5alt as in 27 Fxample III. The prepared composition was subjected to ~he 28 Waring Blender haze test and the resulting haze readings were 29 4 after 1 h~ur, ~~ after 2 hours and 1 to 1~ after 3 hours.
-~'1 23~317 _ 2 A~ unleaded gasoline composition, the same as in 3 Example I, but containlng 25 ptb o polyisobutenyl succinic 4 anhydride-polyamine as dispersant: was combined Wi~l an anti-haze additive as in Example III and comprising l p~b of -6 hydroxylated abietic acid and 1 ptb of mix2d z-ine/calci~m 7 resinate sal~O The prepared composition was then subjected 8 to the Waring Blender haze test as in Exc~mple I witL1 a mixing 9 speed of 3700 rpm. The resulting haze readings were l af~er 2 hours and l a~er 3 hours For compa-rison purposes, an ll identical uel composition, but without the anti-haze additive~
12 was subjected ~o the same test and haze read;ngs were 4 ater 13 both 2 and 3 hours.
l4 Another test using the same formulation containing ~he an~i-haze additive gave haze readings of l to l-~ after 2 16 hours and l after 3 hours. The same fuel composition without 17 the anti-haze additive gave haze readings o-f 4 after 2 hours 18 and 3 to ~ after 3 hours.
l9 The above results all show the advantageous dehazing effects o compositions which contained the anti-haze additlve 21 of this invention when compared with the same compositions 22 without such antihaze additives. Similar reduced haze results 23 were obtained ~hen magnesium, lead, manganese and iron xesinate 2~ salts were used as the anti-haze additive~
1~ gen and 25~3e/o oxygen. The gasoline used contained 75 vol. ,' 12 % saturates 5 16 vol. % aromatics and 9 vol. % olefins with a ~, 13 boiling range of 2803 to 205.6C. (83 to ~02F~) and a ~o~al 14 sulfur con~ent of 300 ppm.
The prepared composition was subjected to a Waring 16 Blender haze test wherein 450 ml. o-f the gasoline composition 17 and 4.5 ml. o water bottoms was mixed for 20 seconds at a 18 speed o 5000 rpm. Haze readings (ra~ing o 4 is very hazy, 19 3 moderately hazy3 2 slightly hazy and 1 bright and clear) were talcen 3.t periodic intervals and the resulting haæe 2I readings were 4 after 1 hour, 3~ after 2 hours and 1 to 1~ 1 22 ater 3 hours. - ~i 23 For comparison purposes, an identical fuel com~osi-24 tion but without the anti-haze additive was subjected to the same test and haze readings were 4 ater 1 hour, 4 ater 2 26 hours and 4~ after 3 Itours.
27 EXAMPL~ IL
28 An unleaded ~asoline composi~ion the same as in 29 Example I ~as com~-Lned ~ith 2 ptb of ~inc resinate as tLle anti-haze addltive and subjected to the Waring Blender haze ., ~
~3 1 test as in Example I w-ith resulting haze readings of 4 after 2 1 hour, 2 to 2~ after 2 hou~s and 1 after 3 hours.
4 An unleaded gasoline composition3 the same as in Example I, was combined with an anti-haze additive comprising 6 1 ptb o hydroxylated abietic acid (as in E~;ample I) and 1 7 ptb of a m~.ed zinc/calcium resinate salt, manu~actured and 8 sold commercially by Crosby Chemical and ha~ing about 4.9 -9 5.8 wt. % zinc and abou~ 3 to 4 w~. % calcium. The prepared composition was then subjected to the Waring Blender haze 11 test as in Example I and the resulting haze readings were 4~
12 after 1 hour~ ~ to 1~ after 2 hours and 1 after 3 hours.
13 Anoth~r co~position which was identical~ but con-14 tained 1.5 ptb of hydroxylated abietic acid and 0O5 ptb of the zinc/calcium resinate salt, was subjected to the Waring 6 Blender haze test and gave haze readings o~ 4~ after 1 hour~
17 1~ after 2 hours and 1 after 3 hours.
18 Still another composition~ but containing O.S ptb 19 of hydroxylated abietic acid and 1.5 ptb of the zinc/ca~cium resinate salt, was subjected to the Waring Blender haze test 21 and resulting readings were 4 after 1 hour~ 1~ after 2 hours 22 and 1 after 3 hours.
24 An unleaded gasoline compos~tion, the same as in Example Iy was combined with 2 ptb of an anti-haze additive 26 comprising the same mixed zinc-calcium resinate 5alt as in 27 Fxample III. The prepared composition was subjected to ~he 28 Waring Blender haze test and the resulting haze readings were 29 4 after 1 h~ur, ~~ after 2 hours and 1 to 1~ after 3 hours.
-~'1 23~317 _ 2 A~ unleaded gasoline composition, the same as in 3 Example I, but containlng 25 ptb o polyisobutenyl succinic 4 anhydride-polyamine as dispersant: was combined Wi~l an anti-haze additive as in Example III and comprising l p~b of -6 hydroxylated abietic acid and 1 ptb of mix2d z-ine/calci~m 7 resinate sal~O The prepared composition was then subjected 8 to the Waring Blender haze test as in Exc~mple I witL1 a mixing 9 speed of 3700 rpm. The resulting haze readings were l af~er 2 hours and l a~er 3 hours For compa-rison purposes, an ll identical uel composition, but without the anti-haze additive~
12 was subjected ~o the same test and haze read;ngs were 4 ater 13 both 2 and 3 hours.
l4 Another test using the same formulation containing ~he an~i-haze additive gave haze readings of l to l-~ after 2 16 hours and l after 3 hours. The same fuel composition without 17 the anti-haze additive gave haze readings o-f 4 after 2 hours 18 and 3 to ~ after 3 hours.
l9 The above results all show the advantageous dehazing effects o compositions which contained the anti-haze additlve 21 of this invention when compared with the same compositions 22 without such antihaze additives. Similar reduced haze results 23 were obtained ~hen magnesium, lead, manganese and iron xesinate 2~ salts were used as the anti-haze additive~
Claims (27)
IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A fuel composition comprising a major amount of gasoline and an effective dehazing amount of an anti-haze additive which is an hydroxylated resin acid or an hydroxylated resin acid and a metal resinate salt wherein said metal is selected from the metals of Group II to IV, VII and VIII of the Mendeleev Periodic Table, or from about 1 to about 30 ppm by weight of the metal resinate salt as the anti-haze additive.
2. A fuel composition comprising a major amount of gasoline and an effective dehazing amount of an anti-haze additive which is hydroxylated resin acid.
3. A fuel composition comprising a major amount of gasoline and from about 1 to about 30 ppm by weight of an anti-haze additive selected from the group consisting of an hydroxylated resin acid and a metal resinate salt where-in said metal is selected from the metals of Group II to IV, VII and VIII of the Mendeleev periodic table.
4. The composition of claim 3 wherein the metal in said metal resinate salt is selected from the group consisting of zinc, calcium, magnesium, lead, manganese and iron.
5. The composition of claim 3 wherein said anti-haze additive is an hydroxylated resin acid which contains from about 1 to about 5 hydroxyl groups.
6. The composition of claim 4 wherein from about 2 to about 15 ppm by weight of said anti-haze additive is used.
7. The composition of claim 5 wherein said hydroxylated resin acid is hydroxylated abietic acid.
8. The composition of claim 6 wherein said anti-haze additive is an hydroxylated resin acid which contains from about 1 to about 5 hydroxyl groups.
9. The composition of claim 8 wherein said hydroxylated resin acid is hydroxylated abietic acid.
10. The composition of claim 9 wherein said hydroxylated abietic acid contains from about 2 to about 4 hydroxyl groups.
11. The composition of claim 10 which additionally contains an oil soluble ashless dispersant.
12. The composition of claim 6 wherein zinc resinate salt is said metal resinate salt.
13. The composition of claim 12 which additionally contains an oil soluble ashless dispersant.
14. The composition of claim 6 wherein said anti-haze additive is a mixture of said metal resinate salts.
15. The composition of claim 14 wherein said anti-haze additive is a mixture of zinc and calcium resinate salts.
16. The composition of claim 15 which additionally contains an oil soluble ashless dispersant.
17. The composition of claim 3 wherein said anti-haze additive comprises a mixture of said hydroxylated resin acid and said metal resinate salt in the relative weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:1 of resin acid to metal resinate salt.
18. The composition of claim 17 wherein the metal in said metal resinate is selected from the group consisting of zinc, calcium, magnesium, lead, manganese and iron.
19. The composition of claim 18 wherein said relative weight ratio of hydroxylated resin acid to metal resinate salt is from about 1:3 to about 3:1.
20. The composition of claim 19 wherein said hydroxylated resin acid is hydroxylated abietic acid containing from about 1 to about 5 hydroxyl groups.
21. The composition of claim 20 wherein zinc resinate salt is said metal resinate salt.
22. The composition of claim 20 wherein said metal resinate salt is a mixture of zinc and calcium resinate salts.
23. The composition of claim 22 wherein from about 2 to about 15 ppm by weight of said anti-haze additive is used and said fuel composition is gasoline which additionally contains an oil soluble ashless dispersant.
24. A method of removing or reducing the haze formation in gasoline comprising adding an effective dehazing amount of an anti-haze additive which is an hydroxylated resin acid or an hydroxylated resin acid and a metal resinate salt wherein said metal is selected from the metals of Group II to IV, VII and VIII of the Mendeleev Periodic Table; or by adding from 1 to about 30 ppm by weight of the metal resinate salt as the anti-haze additive.
25. A method of removing or reducing the haze formation in gasoline com-prising adding an effective dehazing amount of an anti-haze additive which is an hydroxylated resin acid.
26. A method of removing or reducing the haze formation in gasoline com-prising adding from about 1 to about 30 ppm by weight of an anti-haze additive selected from the group consisting of an hydroxylated resin acid and a metal resinate salt wherein said metal is selected from the metals of Group II to IV, VII and VIII of the Mendeleev periodic table.
27. The method of claim 26 wherein from about 1 to about 30 ppm by weight of said anti-haze additive is used and the metal in said metal resinate salt is selected from the group consisting of zinc, calcium, magnesium, lead, manganese and iron.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US88672178A | 1978-03-15 | 1978-03-15 | |
| US886,721 | 1978-03-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1123197A true CA1123197A (en) | 1982-05-11 |
Family
ID=25389617
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA320,611A Expired CA1123197A (en) | 1978-03-15 | 1979-01-31 | Hydroxylated resin acid and/or metal salts as anti-haze additives in gasoline |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4283203A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS54127407A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE874850A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1123197A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2907617A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2419971A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2016517B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1111998B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7902084A (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5376154A (en) * | 1991-05-13 | 1994-12-27 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Low-sulfur diesel fuels containing organometallic complexes |
| US5360459A (en) * | 1991-05-13 | 1994-11-01 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Copper-containing organometallic complexes and concentrates and diesel fuels containing same |
| IL100669A0 (en) * | 1991-05-13 | 1992-09-06 | Lubrizol Corp | Low-sulfur diesel fuel containing organometallic complexes |
| TW230781B (en) * | 1991-05-13 | 1994-09-21 | Lubysu Co | |
| US5344467A (en) * | 1991-05-13 | 1994-09-06 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Organometallic complex-antioxidant combinations, and concentrates and diesel fuels containing same |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1916735A (en) * | 1928-05-10 | 1933-07-04 | Harlow D Gaines | Liquid fuel |
| US2013152A (en) * | 1932-08-22 | 1935-09-03 | William D Hoyt | Motor fuel |
| GB685117A (en) * | 1949-06-28 | 1952-12-31 | Naamlooze Venootschap De Bataa | Improvements in and relating to fuel oils |
| US2692821A (en) * | 1951-06-01 | 1954-10-26 | Gulf Research Development Co | Stable fuel oil compositions |
| FR1098827A (en) * | 1953-04-02 | 1955-08-22 | Refining & Marketing Company L | Premium engine fuels |
| US2834662A (en) * | 1953-05-28 | 1958-05-13 | Ethyl Corp | Gasoline fuels |
| US2834663A (en) * | 1953-05-28 | 1958-05-13 | Ethyl Corp | Gasoline fuels |
| BE555097A (en) * | 1956-02-20 | |||
| US2982750A (en) * | 1958-08-22 | 1961-05-02 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Reaction of rosin acid adducts with dialkanolamines |
| US3336123A (en) * | 1964-06-24 | 1967-08-15 | Du Pont | Gasoline anti-stalling composition |
| US3667152A (en) * | 1969-09-26 | 1972-06-06 | Texaco Inc | Fuel composition |
| US3834882A (en) * | 1972-10-06 | 1974-09-10 | Du Pont | Anti-icing gasoline composition |
| US4046521A (en) * | 1975-03-31 | 1977-09-06 | Petrolite Corporation | Distillate fuel containing dehazing compositions |
| US4069162A (en) * | 1975-11-03 | 1978-01-17 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Haze free oil additive compositions containing polymeric viscosity index improver and process for producing said compositions |
| US4002558A (en) * | 1976-01-22 | 1977-01-11 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Removing water haze from distillate fuels |
-
1979
- 1979-01-31 CA CA320,611A patent/CA1123197A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-02-27 DE DE19792907617 patent/DE2907617A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1979-03-13 GB GB7908878A patent/GB2016517B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-03-13 JP JP2832879A patent/JPS54127407A/en active Pending
- 1979-03-13 FR FR7906363A patent/FR2419971A1/en active Granted
- 1979-03-14 IT IT20981/79A patent/IT1111998B/en active
- 1979-03-15 BE BE2/57658A patent/BE874850A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-03-15 NL NL7902084A patent/NL7902084A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1980
- 1980-04-04 US US06/137,423 patent/US4283203A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2016517A (en) | 1979-09-26 |
| FR2419971B1 (en) | 1984-01-13 |
| US4283203A (en) | 1981-08-11 |
| IT1111998B (en) | 1986-01-13 |
| NL7902084A (en) | 1979-09-18 |
| FR2419971A1 (en) | 1979-10-12 |
| JPS54127407A (en) | 1979-10-03 |
| IT7920981A0 (en) | 1979-03-14 |
| GB2016517B (en) | 1982-08-04 |
| DE2907617A1 (en) | 1979-09-27 |
| BE874850A (en) | 1979-09-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |