CA1158048A - Process for adjusting the proportions of coals in a coal blend - Google Patents
Process for adjusting the proportions of coals in a coal blendInfo
- Publication number
- CA1158048A CA1158048A CA000403270A CA403270A CA1158048A CA 1158048 A CA1158048 A CA 1158048A CA 000403270 A CA000403270 A CA 000403270A CA 403270 A CA403270 A CA 403270A CA 1158048 A CA1158048 A CA 1158048A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- coals
- coal
- blend
- proportions
- sample
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/04—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/22—Fuels, explosives
- G01N33/222—Solid fuels, e.g. coal
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A process for adjusting the proportions of coals in a coal blend comprises making a sample, having known desired proportions of each of said coals, making a spectral analysis of said sample, making a spectral analysis of a sample of said coal blend, comparing the two spectral analyses, and adjusting said coal blend as necessary to achieve a final coal blend having propor-tions of said coals closer to the desired blend. Spectral analyses may be made of additional samples having different known proportions of said coals. The spec-tral analysis of the sample of the blend is then compared with those analyses to determine the proportions of said coals in the sample of the blend. The spectral analyses are preferably by infrared spectrometry which enables the relationship between the aromatic and aliphatic contents in the samples to be determined.
A process for adjusting the proportions of coals in a coal blend comprises making a sample, having known desired proportions of each of said coals, making a spectral analysis of said sample, making a spectral analysis of a sample of said coal blend, comparing the two spectral analyses, and adjusting said coal blend as necessary to achieve a final coal blend having propor-tions of said coals closer to the desired blend. Spectral analyses may be made of additional samples having different known proportions of said coals. The spec-tral analysis of the sample of the blend is then compared with those analyses to determine the proportions of said coals in the sample of the blend. The spectral analyses are preferably by infrared spectrometry which enables the relationship between the aromatic and aliphatic contents in the samples to be determined.
Description
~15J~
PROCESS FOR ADJUSTING THE PROPORTIONS
OF COALS IN A COAL BLEND
The present invention relates to a process for adjusting the proportions of coals in a coal blend.
Coal blending has been u~ilized for many years to obtain a coal blend of desired properties from one or more individual coals. Particularly in coke making, it is important to have cer~ain minimum properties of the coal to obtain satisfactory coke strength, coXe stability, and other desired properties. Coal volatility or coal rank is one property that is particularly important in obtaining desired coke strength and stability.
Metallurgical coke suitable for use in the very large blast furnaces being built today must have very high coke strength as indicated ~y hardness and stability. To achieve this quality of coke requires the use of expensive high quality co~ing coals having a high percentage of volatiles in the coal, a high fluidity and a low percentage of inert components~ Due to a desire to use less expensive coals and also due to a decreasing supply of the high quality metallurgical grade 1 ~5~4~
coals, great effort has been expended upon ways of achieving high strength coke using lower quallty coals.
In many of the methods of using lower quality coals to make coke, one of ~he essential features is blending coals of different ~uality. For exampl~, by blending high, medium and/or low volatility coal t it is often possible to obtain the desired volatility at re-duced cost as compared to using straight, medium volatil-ity coal. Often a particular coal, such as a low volatility coal, is itself a bl~nd of other coals. Thus, often the final coal hlend is a blend of two or more separate coal blends. For purposes of simplicity herein, when coal blends are blended they are referred to simply as "coal" or "coals".
In the coke industry, blends of coals of differing ranks are commonly used to obtain the proper coal characteristics needed to produce high quality coke.
The best coke is produced using a medium volatility bituminous coal~ Unfortunately, current supplies of 2Q coals of this rank are scarce, and as a result, it is common to use a blend of low and high volatility bitumin-ous coals to yield a coal mixture with the desired inter-mediate characteristics. The composition of such a blend is usually checked by determining the volatile matter and verified, if necessary by a petrographic analysis, L~5~048 which iB a time consuming procedure.
One of the problems that frequently arises is that something goes wrong with the end use fDr which the coal is being used. For example, the coke strength becomes unacceptably low or unnecessarily high~ Poor quality coke is often produced while coal samples are being sent to ~he laboratory for analysis. Days or weeks of good quality production are often lost while a determination of what went wrong is made. Not infrequently it is determined that something went wrong in the blending operation which needs correcting to bring the coals back to their desired proportions in the final blend.
According to the present invention, there is provided a process for adjusting the proportions of coals in a coal blend, comprising making a sample, having Xnown desired proportions o each of said coals, making a spectral analysis of said sample, making a spectral analysis of a sample of said coal blend, comparing the two spectral analyses, and adjustin~ said coal blend as necessary to achieve a final coal blend having propor-tions of said coals closer to the desired blend.
This process if particularly useful on-line in the production of blast furnace coke of high strength and high stability.
o~
Using this invention allow~ one to av~id many costly mistakes in the coal blending opera~ions. This is particularly true where the spectral analysis is carried out l'on-line". Thus, in large blast-furnace coke facilities, delays of days or weeks can often be completely eliminated by being able to know immediately when something has gone wrong in the coal blending process, thereby allowing corrections to be made in the blending operations.
The finely divided or powdered coal of this invention when used for coking is preferably coking coal but due to the increased strength obtained ~y the process of this invention the blended coals utilized may contain reduced amounts of higher quality coals such as low and medium volatili~y coking coal. A preferred coal is a blended coal containing a majority of coal of high volatility A rank or higher and wherein the coal contains up to 20% by weight of inert materials.
Preferably, at least the majority of the coal used for metallurgical coke production has a volatile matter of 18 to 40 percent by weight, a minimum free-swelling index of 4, and is of such a nature a~ to not produce pressures in excess of about two pounds per square inch on coke oven walls. The ash and sulfur levels are preferably less than B percent and 1 percent 115~0~
by weight respectively.
A number of spectrographic methods of analysis can be utilized in this invention. In the infrared absorption method, the characteristic absorptions in the wave number range of 3000 to 3100 cm 1 and 2870 to 2970 cm 1 indicate aromatic groupings and aliphatic groupings in coal. These groupings are caxbon-hydrogen bonds. Wave numbers of 3045 cm 1 for the aromatic peak and 2945 cm 1 for the aliphatic peak are prefera~ly selected. The ratio of the intensities of these peaks is a measure of coal rank Gr coal volatility.
The preferred infxared spectrographic method is by diffuse reflection of finely divided coal~ The finely divided coal is preferably produced by conven-tional grinding or pulverizing to a particle size ofless than about 1/8 inch, and preferably to an average particle size o less than 60 me~h (Tyler), and most preferably less than about 200 mesh. The lower size gi~es much improved reproducibility from the determin-ations. The diffuse reflectance infrared fouriertransform method is most preferred. Time to carry out this method according ~o this invention can be less than 15 minutes. ~he time referred to includes the time to sample the coal blend to run a spec~rum of the sample, to determine the ratio of aromatic to aliphatic l 15~048 groupings in the coal sample, and to compare this with a ratio previously determined for a coal blend samplP
- with known proportions of the coals.
Other spectrographic methods include the KBr S pellet method whereby potassium bromide is mixed with powdered coal and formed into a pellet. In another method fluid paraffin is mixed with powdered coal, a sandwich is prepared for infrared spectroscopy whereby the transmission spectrum is measured. However, these methods do not adapt easily to on-line analysis of coal blends due to long sample preparation times and difficulty in reading the results. These methods and the preferred diffuse reflectance method are dis-cussed in ~apanese Patent No. 79-25884, issued February 27, 1979 to M. Kokawa et al and entitled, "Method of Determining Volatile Component Content in Coal"~
Preferably, a calibration curve is prepared by analysing two or more samples of blends of the particular coals in ~uestion, each sample having different known proportions of the component coals.
These points are preferably chosen near the desired blend, in order that when a sample of unknown propor-tions is analysed and if the aromatic to aliphatic ratio determined from spectral analysis is differen~
than that desired, a comparison of the rat.io of the ~ ~5#~L8 unknown sample to the calibration curve will generally indicate the actual proportions of the coals involved.
When only two coals are present in the mixture, it is relatively easy ~o make this determination. Any difference between the desired ratio and the ac~ual ratio will indicate possible adjustments to correct the discrepancy.
Preferably the spectral analyses are fed into a computer which carries out the comparison of spectxal analyses and then determines whether the proportion of the coals in the sample is acceptable.
EXAMP~E
Metallurgical coal blends were prepared from a low volatility coal from West Virginia and high vola-tility coals from Pennsylvania and West Virginia andwere analysed for aromatic to aliphatic ratio by diffuse reflectance infrared fvurier transform spectros--copy. Table I shows the ratios of aromatic to aliphatic groupings for the various blends. The data show that as the blend composition changes, the ratio of the aroma~
tic to aliphatic gxoupings change in such a manner that blend composition can be monitored to within 2 percent.
1 :~ 5 ~
TAB~E I
-Ratio of Aromatic Groupsing to Aliphat~ c Group-ings for Various Compositions of Blends of High and Low ` Volatility CoalsO
S Blend Intensity Intensity A~tic/ Average sition, % A~tics Aliphatic~ Aliphatics Ratio_ 100 High 29.5 170.5 0.173 0.173 74.8 High 37.0 170.0 0.2176 0.2213 25.2 Low 38.5 173.0 0.2225 38 ~ 5 172.0 0.2238 73 High 38.0 172.0 0.2209 0.2272 27 Low 41.7 175.5 0.2365 39.0 174.0 0.2241 70 High 39.0 171.0 0.2280 0.2360 1530 Low 40.8 170.5 0.2393 41.3 171.5 0.2408 68 High 40O0 171.0 0.2339 0.2370 32 Low 4Q.5 173.25 0.2338 41.5 170.5 0.2434 2065~3 High 41.5 173.5 0.2392 0.2435 34.7 Low 41.0 171.5 0.2391 43.0 170.5 0.2522 43 High 55.0 173.0 0.3179 0.3183 57 Low 56.0 174.5 0.3209 55.0 174.0 0.3161 21.9 High 69.5 170.5 0.4076 0.4086 78.1 Low 72.5 176.0 0.4119 70. ~ 173.5 0.4063 100 Low 87.5 178.0 0.4916 0.4905 84.4 172.5 0.~8g3
PROCESS FOR ADJUSTING THE PROPORTIONS
OF COALS IN A COAL BLEND
The present invention relates to a process for adjusting the proportions of coals in a coal blend.
Coal blending has been u~ilized for many years to obtain a coal blend of desired properties from one or more individual coals. Particularly in coke making, it is important to have cer~ain minimum properties of the coal to obtain satisfactory coke strength, coXe stability, and other desired properties. Coal volatility or coal rank is one property that is particularly important in obtaining desired coke strength and stability.
Metallurgical coke suitable for use in the very large blast furnaces being built today must have very high coke strength as indicated ~y hardness and stability. To achieve this quality of coke requires the use of expensive high quality co~ing coals having a high percentage of volatiles in the coal, a high fluidity and a low percentage of inert components~ Due to a desire to use less expensive coals and also due to a decreasing supply of the high quality metallurgical grade 1 ~5~4~
coals, great effort has been expended upon ways of achieving high strength coke using lower quallty coals.
In many of the methods of using lower quality coals to make coke, one of ~he essential features is blending coals of different ~uality. For exampl~, by blending high, medium and/or low volatility coal t it is often possible to obtain the desired volatility at re-duced cost as compared to using straight, medium volatil-ity coal. Often a particular coal, such as a low volatility coal, is itself a bl~nd of other coals. Thus, often the final coal hlend is a blend of two or more separate coal blends. For purposes of simplicity herein, when coal blends are blended they are referred to simply as "coal" or "coals".
In the coke industry, blends of coals of differing ranks are commonly used to obtain the proper coal characteristics needed to produce high quality coke.
The best coke is produced using a medium volatility bituminous coal~ Unfortunately, current supplies of 2Q coals of this rank are scarce, and as a result, it is common to use a blend of low and high volatility bitumin-ous coals to yield a coal mixture with the desired inter-mediate characteristics. The composition of such a blend is usually checked by determining the volatile matter and verified, if necessary by a petrographic analysis, L~5~048 which iB a time consuming procedure.
One of the problems that frequently arises is that something goes wrong with the end use fDr which the coal is being used. For example, the coke strength becomes unacceptably low or unnecessarily high~ Poor quality coke is often produced while coal samples are being sent to ~he laboratory for analysis. Days or weeks of good quality production are often lost while a determination of what went wrong is made. Not infrequently it is determined that something went wrong in the blending operation which needs correcting to bring the coals back to their desired proportions in the final blend.
According to the present invention, there is provided a process for adjusting the proportions of coals in a coal blend, comprising making a sample, having Xnown desired proportions o each of said coals, making a spectral analysis of said sample, making a spectral analysis of a sample of said coal blend, comparing the two spectral analyses, and adjustin~ said coal blend as necessary to achieve a final coal blend having propor-tions of said coals closer to the desired blend.
This process if particularly useful on-line in the production of blast furnace coke of high strength and high stability.
o~
Using this invention allow~ one to av~id many costly mistakes in the coal blending opera~ions. This is particularly true where the spectral analysis is carried out l'on-line". Thus, in large blast-furnace coke facilities, delays of days or weeks can often be completely eliminated by being able to know immediately when something has gone wrong in the coal blending process, thereby allowing corrections to be made in the blending operations.
The finely divided or powdered coal of this invention when used for coking is preferably coking coal but due to the increased strength obtained ~y the process of this invention the blended coals utilized may contain reduced amounts of higher quality coals such as low and medium volatili~y coking coal. A preferred coal is a blended coal containing a majority of coal of high volatility A rank or higher and wherein the coal contains up to 20% by weight of inert materials.
Preferably, at least the majority of the coal used for metallurgical coke production has a volatile matter of 18 to 40 percent by weight, a minimum free-swelling index of 4, and is of such a nature a~ to not produce pressures in excess of about two pounds per square inch on coke oven walls. The ash and sulfur levels are preferably less than B percent and 1 percent 115~0~
by weight respectively.
A number of spectrographic methods of analysis can be utilized in this invention. In the infrared absorption method, the characteristic absorptions in the wave number range of 3000 to 3100 cm 1 and 2870 to 2970 cm 1 indicate aromatic groupings and aliphatic groupings in coal. These groupings are caxbon-hydrogen bonds. Wave numbers of 3045 cm 1 for the aromatic peak and 2945 cm 1 for the aliphatic peak are prefera~ly selected. The ratio of the intensities of these peaks is a measure of coal rank Gr coal volatility.
The preferred infxared spectrographic method is by diffuse reflection of finely divided coal~ The finely divided coal is preferably produced by conven-tional grinding or pulverizing to a particle size ofless than about 1/8 inch, and preferably to an average particle size o less than 60 me~h (Tyler), and most preferably less than about 200 mesh. The lower size gi~es much improved reproducibility from the determin-ations. The diffuse reflectance infrared fouriertransform method is most preferred. Time to carry out this method according ~o this invention can be less than 15 minutes. ~he time referred to includes the time to sample the coal blend to run a spec~rum of the sample, to determine the ratio of aromatic to aliphatic l 15~048 groupings in the coal sample, and to compare this with a ratio previously determined for a coal blend samplP
- with known proportions of the coals.
Other spectrographic methods include the KBr S pellet method whereby potassium bromide is mixed with powdered coal and formed into a pellet. In another method fluid paraffin is mixed with powdered coal, a sandwich is prepared for infrared spectroscopy whereby the transmission spectrum is measured. However, these methods do not adapt easily to on-line analysis of coal blends due to long sample preparation times and difficulty in reading the results. These methods and the preferred diffuse reflectance method are dis-cussed in ~apanese Patent No. 79-25884, issued February 27, 1979 to M. Kokawa et al and entitled, "Method of Determining Volatile Component Content in Coal"~
Preferably, a calibration curve is prepared by analysing two or more samples of blends of the particular coals in ~uestion, each sample having different known proportions of the component coals.
These points are preferably chosen near the desired blend, in order that when a sample of unknown propor-tions is analysed and if the aromatic to aliphatic ratio determined from spectral analysis is differen~
than that desired, a comparison of the rat.io of the ~ ~5#~L8 unknown sample to the calibration curve will generally indicate the actual proportions of the coals involved.
When only two coals are present in the mixture, it is relatively easy ~o make this determination. Any difference between the desired ratio and the ac~ual ratio will indicate possible adjustments to correct the discrepancy.
Preferably the spectral analyses are fed into a computer which carries out the comparison of spectxal analyses and then determines whether the proportion of the coals in the sample is acceptable.
EXAMP~E
Metallurgical coal blends were prepared from a low volatility coal from West Virginia and high vola-tility coals from Pennsylvania and West Virginia andwere analysed for aromatic to aliphatic ratio by diffuse reflectance infrared fvurier transform spectros--copy. Table I shows the ratios of aromatic to aliphatic groupings for the various blends. The data show that as the blend composition changes, the ratio of the aroma~
tic to aliphatic gxoupings change in such a manner that blend composition can be monitored to within 2 percent.
1 :~ 5 ~
TAB~E I
-Ratio of Aromatic Groupsing to Aliphat~ c Group-ings for Various Compositions of Blends of High and Low ` Volatility CoalsO
S Blend Intensity Intensity A~tic/ Average sition, % A~tics Aliphatic~ Aliphatics Ratio_ 100 High 29.5 170.5 0.173 0.173 74.8 High 37.0 170.0 0.2176 0.2213 25.2 Low 38.5 173.0 0.2225 38 ~ 5 172.0 0.2238 73 High 38.0 172.0 0.2209 0.2272 27 Low 41.7 175.5 0.2365 39.0 174.0 0.2241 70 High 39.0 171.0 0.2280 0.2360 1530 Low 40.8 170.5 0.2393 41.3 171.5 0.2408 68 High 40O0 171.0 0.2339 0.2370 32 Low 4Q.5 173.25 0.2338 41.5 170.5 0.2434 2065~3 High 41.5 173.5 0.2392 0.2435 34.7 Low 41.0 171.5 0.2391 43.0 170.5 0.2522 43 High 55.0 173.0 0.3179 0.3183 57 Low 56.0 174.5 0.3209 55.0 174.0 0.3161 21.9 High 69.5 170.5 0.4076 0.4086 78.1 Low 72.5 176.0 0.4119 70. ~ 173.5 0.4063 100 Low 87.5 178.0 0.4916 0.4905 84.4 172.5 0.~8g3
Claims (6)
1. A process for adjusting the proportions of coals in a coal blend, comprising making a sample, hav-ing known desired proportions of each of said coals, making a spectral analysis of said sample, making a spectral analysis of a sample of said coal blend, comparing the two spectral analyses, and adjusting said coal blend as necessary to achieve a final coal blend having proportions of said coals closer to the desired blend.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein spectral analyses are made of additional samples having different known proportions of said coals and the spectral analysis of the sample of the blend is compared with those analyses to determine the proportions of said coals in the sample of the blend.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the spectral analyses are by infrared spectrometry.
4. A process as claimed in claim 3, wherein the spectral analyses determine the relationship between the aromatic and aliphatic contents in the samples.
5. A process as claimed in claim 4, wherein the aromatic to aliphatic ratios are obtained by divid-ing the intensity of the aromatic peak by that of the aliphatic peak on diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectra.
6. A process as claimed in claim 5, wherein the aromatic and aliphatic intensities are determined at about 3045 cm-1 and about 2945 cm-1 respectively.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/276,604 US4370201A (en) | 1981-06-23 | 1981-06-23 | Process for maintaining coal proportions in a coal blend |
| US276,604 | 1981-06-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1158048A true CA1158048A (en) | 1983-12-06 |
Family
ID=23057333
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000403270A Expired CA1158048A (en) | 1981-06-23 | 1982-05-19 | Process for adjusting the proportions of coals in a coal blend |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4370201A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE893602A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1158048A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3223434A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2508057A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2122217A (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60501268A (en) * | 1983-05-12 | 1985-08-08 | ザ ブロ−クン ヒル プロプライエタリイ カンパニ− リミテツド | Characterization and processing of multicomponent materials |
| US5151474A (en) * | 1990-02-16 | 1992-09-29 | The Dow Chemical Company | Process control method for manufacturing polyolefin |
| US5431285A (en) * | 1990-09-27 | 1995-07-11 | Coal Systems Corporation | Vehicle unloading facility with computer directed sampling |
| WO1996023852A1 (en) * | 1995-02-02 | 1996-08-08 | The Japan Iron And Steel Federation | Process for producing blast-furnace coke |
| TW393574B (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 2000-06-11 | Japan Tobacco Inc | Method and apparatus of discriminating coal species |
| KR100928977B1 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2009-11-26 | 주식회사 포스코 | Method for Analyzing Coking Characteristics of Coal by Non-Coking Method |
| US6864331B1 (en) * | 2003-12-09 | 2005-03-08 | Fina Technology, Inc. | Process for the production of polymers |
| US8287696B2 (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2012-10-16 | Purdue Research Foundation | Multipurpose coke plant for synthetic fuel production |
| US9005400B2 (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2015-04-14 | Renewable Fuel Technologies, Inc. | Device and method for controlling the conversion of biomass to biofuel |
| US8877015B2 (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2014-11-04 | Kior, Inc. | Process control by blending biomass feedstocks |
| CA3040059C (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2020-10-27 | Ekomatter Ip Holdings 2 Llc | Coke processing energy production |
| WO2020122888A1 (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-06-18 | Ekomatter Ip Holdings 3 Llc | Carbonaceous material processing |
| CN110797090A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2020-02-14 | 邢台旭阳科技有限公司 | Method for predicting sulfur content of coke, method for predicting sulfur conversion rate of coal, method for preparing blended coal, and coking method |
| CN115011389A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-06 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Coking coal blending for improving coke granularity and blending method thereof |
| CN116651306B (en) * | 2023-08-01 | 2023-10-03 | 山西中科冶金建设有限公司 | Intelligent coking coal proportioning system |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2877163A (en) * | 1954-09-21 | 1959-03-10 | Charbonnages De France | Metallurgical coke and process for producing the same |
| US3193471A (en) * | 1961-10-24 | 1965-07-06 | Inland Steel Co | Coking process |
| US3505520A (en) * | 1967-10-10 | 1970-04-07 | Us Interior | Measuring the incombustible content of mine dust using backscatter of low energy gamma rays |
| JPS515401B1 (en) * | 1971-06-17 | 1976-02-19 | ||
| US3849646A (en) * | 1973-06-05 | 1974-11-19 | Texaco Inc | Inelastic neutron scattering methods to locate coal and oil shale zones |
| JPS51114402A (en) * | 1975-04-01 | 1976-10-08 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | Process for producing one-side fused shaped coke |
| ZA766086B (en) * | 1975-10-29 | 1977-07-27 | Atomic Energy Commission | Analysis of coal |
| JPS5425884A (en) * | 1977-07-29 | 1979-02-27 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | Method of measuring volatile ingredient contained in coal |
| US4186054A (en) * | 1977-12-30 | 1980-01-29 | United States Steel Corporation | Process and apparatus for producing blast furnace coke by coal compaction |
| JPS54117501A (en) * | 1978-03-03 | 1979-09-12 | Nippon Steel Corp | Production of metallurgical coke from blend of many grades of coal |
| GB2033080B (en) | 1978-10-02 | 1983-06-15 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Coal ash monitors |
-
1981
- 1981-06-23 US US06/276,604 patent/US4370201A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1982
- 1982-05-19 CA CA000403270A patent/CA1158048A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-18 GB GB08217656A patent/GB2122217A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1982-06-22 BE BE0/208413A patent/BE893602A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-06-23 FR FR8211006A patent/FR2508057A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1982-06-23 DE DE19823223434 patent/DE3223434A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE893602A (en) | 1982-12-22 |
| DE3223434A1 (en) | 1982-12-30 |
| GB2122217A (en) | 1984-01-11 |
| FR2508057A1 (en) | 1982-12-24 |
| US4370201A (en) | 1983-01-25 |
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