CA1162693A - Heat sealable, flame and abrasion resistant coated fabric - Google Patents

Heat sealable, flame and abrasion resistant coated fabric

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Publication number
CA1162693A
CA1162693A CA000372520A CA372520A CA1162693A CA 1162693 A CA1162693 A CA 1162693A CA 000372520 A CA000372520 A CA 000372520A CA 372520 A CA372520 A CA 372520A CA 1162693 A CA1162693 A CA 1162693A
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Canada
Prior art keywords
flame retardant
fabric
weight ratio
antimony oxide
flame
Prior art date
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Expired
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CA000372520A
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French (fr)
Inventor
Richard P. Tschirch
Kenneth R. Sidman
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA
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Publication of CA1162693A publication Critical patent/CA1162693A/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/564—Polyureas, polyurethanes or other polymers having ureide or urethane links; Precondensation products forming them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C08K3/2279—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of antimony
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/06—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Ortho-esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J175/00—Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J175/04—Polyurethanes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/47—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System; Vanadates; Niobates; Tantalates; Arsenates; Antimonates; Bismuthates
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/152—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen having a hydroxy group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • D06M13/156—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen having a hydroxy group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing halogen atoms
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/244—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
    • D06M13/282—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing phosphorus
    • D06M13/292—Mono-, di- or triesters of phosphoric or phosphorous acids; Salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
    • C08L2666/28—Non-macromolecular organic substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
    • C08L2666/54—Inorganic substances
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2631—Coating or impregnation provides heat or fire protection
    • Y10T442/2656—Antimony containing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/273—Coating or impregnation provides wear or abrasion resistance

Abstract

Abstract Flame retardant, abrasion resistant elastomeric compositions comprised of thermoplastic polyurethane polymer and flame retarding amounts of a filler selected from decabromodiphenyloxide and antimony oxide in a 3:1 weight ratio, and decabromodiphenyloxide, antimony oxide, and ammonium polyphosphate in a 3:1:3 weight ratio res-pectively. Also, flame retardant, abrasion resistant, and heat sealable coated fabrics employing such elasto-meric compositions as coating film.

Description

~escription Heat Sealable, Flame and Abrasion Resistant Coated Fabric Origin of the Invention The invention described herein was made in the per-formance of work under a NASA contract and is subject to the provisions of Section 305 of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, Public Law 85-568 (72 Stat 435, 42 U.S.C. 2457).

10 Technical Field The present invention relates to flexible, light-weight, air impermeable coated fabric which exhibits ex-cellent resistance to flame and abrasions but w~ich can be fabricated using heat (or dielectric) sealing proce-15 dures.
In the field of space exploration, high strength, flame retardant, abrasion resistant and leak-proof ma-terials are required for construction of clothing anfl containers, e.g. bags. Such materials must have good 20 strength and flexiblility over the temperature and pres-sure ranges normally encountered in such endeavors.
Additionally, because of the likelihood of encounterin~
high oxygen atmospheres, the material must be flame re-tardant. Further, the ~arments, bags, etc. constructed 25 from such materials must be leakproof to avoid loss of life support atmosphere during periods of low pressure which may be experienced in a spacecraft.

~ackground Art In the prior art, as exemplified by U.S. Patents ,,_"

i 162893 3,833,540, 3,956,233; 3,847,723; 3,20~,567; 3,45~,~50;
3,954,701; 3,786,0~7; and 3,821,067, the use of flame re-tardant fillers and chemicals compounded with synthetic thermoplastic polymers to form compositions which have improved flame retardant properties is well known. It is also known, as shown in the references, to coat various fabrics with such compositions to produce 1ame retardant coated fabrics.
U.S. Patent 3,956,233, to Fletcher et al, discloses elastomeric polymers compounded with flame retardant fil-lers to produce films and fibers havina good flame retar-dant properties. Fletcher et al discloses that conven-tional polyurethanes of both the polyether and polyester types can be blended with fire retardant additives, pa_-ticularly halogenated compounas and oraanic-phosphorous containing compounds, to produce elastomer films and fibers exhibiting good flame retardant properties.
~xample IV of Fletcher et al discloses compositions of Lycra spandex polyurethane with various flame retardant additives. As can be seen from Table 1 of Fletcher et al, the additives severely reduce the tensile strenath of the elastomeric compound compared to the original Lycra polyurethane.
The prior art does not disclose the flame retardant additive compositions of the present invention which, when blended with soluble, thermoplastic polyurethnes of the polyether or polyester type, proauce elastomeric com-positions, which in addition to being flame retardant, also possess good abrasion resistance, flexibility, and heat sealing properties. In aeneral, the flame retar~ant additives disclosed in the prior art reduce ahrasion and tear resistance (tensile strength) an~ flexihi]ity when blended with polyurethane polymers. Also, the flame re-tardant additives of the prior art, at loa~inas reauire~
to impart good flame retardant properties to soluhle, - l 162693 thermoplastic polyurethanes, tend to severely reduce the heat sealing properties of the polyurethanes.

~isclosu_e of the Invention Now, according to the present invention, we have discovered elastomer compositions comprising flame re-tardant additives and soluble, thermoplastic polyure-thanes which possess qood flame retardant, abrasion re-sistant, flexibility, and heat sealing properties.
Additionally, we have discovered heat sealable coated fabrics comprising a film of such soluble elastomeric compound bonded to a fabric, which coated fabrics are suitable for use in construction of flame retardant, abrasion resistant, flexible and leakproof garments and articles.
In a preferred embodiment, the elastomeric composi-tion of the present invention comprise about 30-50 wt %
of a soluble, thermoplastic polyurethane of the polyester or polyether type blended with about 70-50 wt ~ of flame retardant additive composition selected from the aroup consisting of decabromodiphenyloxide and antimony oxide in a 3:1 weight ratio, res~ectively, and decahromodi-phenyloxide, antimony oxide, and ammonium polyphosphate in a 3:1:3 weight ratio, respectively.
Coated fabrics having good flame retardant, ahrasion resistant, flexibility and heat sealing properties are preferably produced by the method of dissolving the elas-tomeric composition in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran to form a solution containing about 20-50~. solids; cast-ing the solution onto a release paper anfl dryin~ to form an elastomeric film, and contacting a woven, knitted or felted fabric with said elastomeric film at a temperature of about 204.4C (400F), a pressure of about 30 psig, and for a period of ahout ln seconds for bondina the film . l 1~2693 to the fa~ric under conditions of minimum strike-in.
Advantages of the elastomeric compositions, and coated ~abrics produced therefrom, according to the pre-sent invention include improved flame retardant proper-ties coupled with abrasion resistance, flexibility, and good heat sealing properties. These and other advantages are disclosed in the detailed description which follows.

Best Mode For Carryin~ Out The Invention The flame retardant elastomer compositions of the present invention comprise a soluble, thermoplastic polyuretha~e, which may be of variable flamability, blended with novel 1ame retardant additive compositions in amounts such that the elastomer compositions possess good flame retardant properties while retaining su*stan-tial abrasion resistance and thermoplasticity of the polyurethane.
Polyurethanes useful in the.~present invention are soluble, thermoplastic, substantially linear polymers.
The polyurethane molecules consist of an alternative ar-rangement of "soft" segments consisting of preferably polyester or polyether blocks ~oinefl by "hard" seaments that generally contain aromatic urea and sometimes ure-thane groups as the rigid components. The riaid seqments are derived from the reaction of isocyanates, preferably diisocyanates, with compounds such as amines, water, etc., producing urethane or urea linkaqes.
The production of polyurethane is a well known com-mercial process, (see for instance Kirk-Othmer, "The ~ncyclopedia of Chemical Technology", ~irst Supplement, pp. 888 et. seq., In-terscience 1957). Briefly, the pro-cess involves the reaction of a diisocyanate an~ a second compound which contains an active hydrogen gro~lp such as hydroxyl, a~ino or car~oxyl. The qeneral procedure is to ~ 162693 treat a dihydroxyl polyester or dihydroxy polyether with a diisocyanate ususally at temperatures in the ranae of 75 to 125C for producing a prepolymer. ~enerally about two moles of the diisocyanate are employed for each ~ole of dihydroxyl polyester, or polyether, to ensure that the prepolymer is terminated on both ends by an i~ocyanate group. The isocyanate terminate~ prepolymer is then usu-ally dissolved in a suitable solvent, such as anhydrous dimethyl formamide, and chain lengthening agents, such as diols or diamines, are added in amounts equivalent to the diisocyanate for extending the polymer into the polyure-thane structure described above. Preferably an aliphatic diamine such as hydrazine is employed as the c~ain lengthening agent.
Dihydroxyl polyesters are prepared in known manner from one or more dicarboxylic acids preferably containing at least 6 carbon atoms, their anhydrides, corresponding polycarboxylic acid esters of lower alcohols or mixtures thereof, and one or more dihydric alcohols. The polycar-boxylic acids may be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and/or heterocyclic and may ~e substituted, e.a. with halogen atoms, and/or unsaturated. Haloaenated compounfls inpart additional fire retardant properties to the poly-urethanes produced. Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids are preferred. Suitable dihydric alcohols include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycols, hexane-l, 6 diol, octane-l, ~ diol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-bis-hydro-xymethylcyclohexane, 2-methyl -1,3 propanediol, polyethy-lene glycols, polypropylene glycols and polybutylene gly-cols.
Polyethers with two hydroxyl groups may be preparedby polymerization of epoxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, styrene ~ oxide or epichlorohydrin in the presence of a catalyst such as borontrifluroide, or by adding these epoxides to starting components which contain reactive hydroaen groups such as water, dihydric alcohols or diami.nes.
Diisocyanates which may be used for preparing the polyurethanes include al.iphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic diisocyanates. Preferabl.y the diisocya-nate is one in which each isocyanate ~roup is attached directly to an aromatic ring, such as 4,4' diphenylmeth-ane diisocyanate or arylene diisocyanate.
Flame retardant additive compositions useful in the present invention comprise selected compounds in selected proportions, which when blended with the soluble, thermo-plastic polyurethanes produce elastomeric compositions which have good flame retardant and abrasion resistant properties and which retain the ability to be heat s~al-ed. Fire retardant compositions of the prior art tend toadversely affect abrasion resistance, tear strenqth, and the ability of elastomeric compositions to be heat seal-ed.
The flame retardant compositions of the present in-vention are selected. from the qroup consisting of themixture decabromodiphenyloxide and antimony oxiAe in a weight ratio 3:1, respectively, and the mixture decabro-modiphenyloxide, a.ntimony oxide, an~ ammonium polyphos-phate in a weight ratio of 3:1:3, respectively. As poly-urethanes are generally flammable, substantial amounts offlame retardant additives must be blended to impart good flame retardant properties. The flame retardant additive compositions of the present invention may be blen~ea with soluble, thermoplstic polyurethanes in weight ratios up to 70 parts retardant/3n parts polyurethane to produce flame retardant elastomer compositions whi.ch have aoo~
abrasion resistance and flexibil.ity, and which may be heat sealed. At flame retar~ant additive/polyl~rethane weight ratios below about 50/50, the flame resistance im-t lB2693 parted may not be sufficient. At flame retardant addi-tive/polyurethane weight ratios ahove 70/30 the elasto-meric composition may lose significant abrasion resis-tance and its ability to be heat sea]ed.
According to the present invention the flame retar-dant elastomeric compositions are bonded to fabrics to produce flame retardant coated fabrics having good ab-rasion resistance and which may be heat sealed. Such coated fabrics are particularly useful in making leak-10 proof garments which are useful in space exploration.
The fabrics to which the elastomeric compositions may be bonded include woven or knitted fabrics and bonded webs of natural or synthetic fibers such as cotton, rayon, polyester, polyamide, etc. Particularly suitable fabrics for use herein are Nomex, nylon woven fabric, and Ripstop nylon woven fabric.
The elastomeric compositions may be bonded to a fab-ric by any convenient method such as calenderina or ap-plying a solution of the elastomeric composition to the fabric and subsequently evaporating the solvent. Heat sealable coated fabrics having qood flame retardant and abrasion resistance properties with improved flexibility are obtained when the strike-in of the elastomeric compo-sition into the web of the fabric is controlled. An im-proved method of bonding the elastomeric composition to afabric comprises dissolving the elastomeric composition in a solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, to form a solution comprising about 20-50~ solids; casting this solution on-to a release substrate, such as silicone release paper, in an amount which upon dryin~ produces an even thickness film having a weight of a~out one to four ounces per square yard; contacting the film on the release suhstrate with fabric to be coated and applying heat an~ pressure thereto for a dwell time sufficient to bond the film to the fabric, without undue strike-in of the fil~ into the -~ ~ 162693 ,~

fabric. Dwell times of about 1~ seconds are adequate at ~04.4C and 30 psig, for bonding the film to the fabric, yet at the same time minimizes strike-in of the coating and resultant stiffening of the fabric. For very flam-mable fabrics, or thin, lightweight fabrics it may some-times be desirable to coat both sides of the fabric with elastomeric composition to further improve fire retar~ant characteristics.
In addition to bonding directly to a fabric, the elastomeric compositions of the present invention are also useful for bondin~ to other ~lame retardant polymer films, such as neoprene, for impartina the ability to be heat sealed to such other films without affectinq their flame retardant characteristics. The elastomeric compo-sitions may be applied to such other films-by any conven-ient method including extrusion laminating an~ the trans-fer process. However, a solution of the elastomeric com-position is preferably cast directly onto the other film, and the solvent subsequently evaporated to form a flame retardant, heat sealable composite film. The elastomeric compositions herein also impart improved abrasion resis-tance to such composite films.
The followin~ examples are presented to more clearly demonstrate the present invention. These examples are expository in nature and are not intended as limitations of the invention which is set out in the claims appended hereto.
The following general test procedure was employed in evaluating the experiments note~ in the followinq exam-ples.
~OTTOM OXYGEN INDEX T~ST tBOI~
Flammability of the samples was tested by an oxygenindex method. In this test, the oxyqen inAex, ~, of a material is defined as the percentage concentration of g t 1~2693 oxygen in a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen at atmospheric pressure that will maintain equilibrium burning conditions.
Physically, this percentage is the lowest concentration of oxygen that will support sustained combustion of the material and is computed according to the formula:
lO0 [2]
~ 2] + [~2]
where [2] is the oxygen concentration at equilibrium and ~N23 is the associated nitrogen concentration Thus, the smaller the value of N, the more flammable the specimen.
In conducting this test, a strip sample of the material 7-15 cm long x 6-1/2 ~ 0.5 mm wide was placed vertically in the center of a column. The column was filled with gases flowing at the rate of 5 cc per second and was ignited at the bottom with a hydrogen flame. The oxygen content of the flowing gas was varied until sustained combustion was obtained.

Example I
Solutions of thermoplastic polyurethane and the flame retardant additive compositions of the present inven-tion were formed.
The solution grade polyester-type polyurethane polymer Q-THANE PS-26 (trade mark of K. J. Quinn & Co., Inc.) having the base properties given in Table I was mixed with the two flame retardant filler systems:
(1) decabromodiphenyloxide and antimony oxide (DBO/AO) in a 3:1 weight ratio, respectively; and
(2) decabromodiphenyloxide, antimony oxide, and ammonium polyphosphate (DBO/AO/AP) in a 3:1:3 ratio, respect-ively, to form mixtures of varying polymer/flame retardant additive weight ratio.
These mixtures were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran to form solutions containing about 40% solids.

-lo- J 162693 TABLE I
BASE PROPERTIES

Durometer 89A
Tensile strength 5500-6000 psi Elongation 500-525%
Modulus at 300% 2000-2500 psi The solutions of polymer/~lame retardant additive were cast into films on silicone release paper and the sol-vent evaporated. These films were then heat bonded to twofabrics:
2.2 oz NOMEX (trade mark of Dupont& Co.; Stern and Stern No. HT65-30T);
0.9 oz Ripstop Nylon (Burlington Industries) Fabric was contacted with a film on release paper and subjected to a temperature of about 204.4C and an applied pressure of about 30 psi for a dwell time of about 10 seconds.
For one sample of the 0.9 oz Ripstop Nylon, film was heat bonded, as described above, to each side of the fabric to increase flame retardant properties of the coated fabric.
Samples of the coated fabrics produced above were subjected to the Oxygen Index Test (BOI), results of which are shown in Table II below.

,~.~,, _ H ~ a) Ct) (`1 ~) t~
~ ~ N t`~ ~) ,C), R~ ~

~ O
a) ,~
~ l l l l l U~ 0 ~ I
C~

~U X X
H O ~ O O U~
O ~ ~ ~ ~ Z ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ . . O ~.Q
N N N N N N
H ~ O O O O 0~ 0 O E~ a) a m ~: ~
o ~ ~ ~ ~ o o o o H ~
E~ ~
HH H @ ~1 o ~ ~ ~ ~ O O d' 00 0 ~ O ~ ~
E~E~ P
O ~ O O ~D O O O
m ~ ~, m ~ -o ~H El ~JE
~,~
~$ ~a~
O ~ h g~ ~ ~
P; a) ~ o o o o o o ~ E3,~ m m m m m m E~

U~ Z;

j As can be seen from 'rable II, all coated fabric sam-ples had a BOI greater than 23. That is, none of the coated samples would burn in air at atmospheric pres-sure. Consequently the polymer/flame retardant composi-tions imparted suhstantial flame retar~ant properties toall coated fabrics. As can be seen from Sam~les 4 and 6, as the weight of flame retardant additive in the polymer-/flame retardant mixture increased, the BOI increased substantially. For space garment applications, a BOI of about 30 is desirable to accommodate higher oxy~en con-centrations encountered in space vehicles. The coated fabrics of Sample 4 and 6 are suitable for such appli-ca-tions. Upon visual inspection, all coated fabric samples possessed good flexibility and abrasion resistance as re-quired for fabrication into space garments.
Upon test, all coated fabric samples were foun~ tobe heat sealable, forming strong bonds at 204.1C, 30 psig and 10 sec. dwell time. Consequently, the coated fabrics may be formed into ~arments and containers havinq sealed seams.
The ~.9 oz. Nylon coated on only one side, ~ample 5, had a tendency to drip melted polymer in the BOI test.
Coatin~ both sides of this lightweiaht fabric, Sample 6, improved flame retardant properties and eliminated the tendency to drip.

EXAMPLE II
Solutions of polymer/fire retardant additive as pre-pared in Example I were employed to impart heat sealing characteristics to a flame retardant neoprene coated ny-lon fabric. In this test, the polymer/flame retardantsolutions were cast as films directly onto the neoprene coating and the solvent was evaporated. The polymer-/flame retardant films bon~ed well to the neoprene with-1 16~693 out further treatments. Samples of the polymer/flame re-tardant-neoprene coated nylon fabrics were subjected to the Oxygen Index Test, the results of which are shown in Table III.
From Table III it is seen that the polymer/flame re-tardant-neoprene coated nylon samples exhibited good flame retardant properties.
Upon test, the polymer/flame retardant coatings of these coated nylon samples formed good bonds at heat 10 sealing conditions of about ~04.4~C, 30 psiq applied pressure, and 10 seconds dwell time. The strengths of the polymer-neoprene bond and the neoprene-nylon bond were unaffected by the heat sealing process.

~ 162693 H .
O
m h cn ~-- ~ CS`' '0~
~1 3 ~ ~ ' H ~U (O . ~1 O O
a~ O ~
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.,, .~ m . m a a ~J h ~ 1` 00 The compositions and coated fabrics disclosed herein can be used in any environment where it is desired to use a flame resistant coated fabric having good meehanieal properties and being heat sealable. Particularly, these eompositions may be use~ in ~arments and containers for spaee exploration. Additionally, such compositions and eoated fabries can be used in other articles such as rain gear, hazardous environment gear, leakproof containers, etc.

Claims (13)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. A flame retardant elastomeric composition suitable for coating fabrics made from synthetic or natural fi-bers, which elastomeric composition comprises from about 30 to about 60 percent by weight of a soluble, thermo-plastic polyurethane and from about 70 to about 40 weight percent of a flame retardant additive selected from the group consisting of decabromodiphenyloxide and antimony oxide in a weight ratio of 3:1, respectively, and deca-bromodiphenyloxide, antimony oxide, and ammonium poly-phosphate in a weight ratio of 3:1:3, respectively.
2. The elastomeric composition of Claim 1 wherein the soluble, thermoplastic polyurethane is a polyester type polyurethane.
3. A flexible, abrasion resistant, flame retardant coat-ed fabric capable of being joined by heat or dielectric sealing procedures, which coated fabric comprises a fa-bric substrate selected from the group consisting of the woven, knitted and bonded web fabrics of synthetic and natural fibers, bonded to a flame retardant coating of an elastomeric composition comprising about 30 to about 60 wt. percent of a soluble, thermoplastic polyurethane and from about 70 to about 40 weight percent of a flame re-tardant additive selected from the group consisting of decabromodiphenyloxide and antimony oxide in a weight ratio of about 3:1, respectively, and decabromodiphenyl-oxide, antimony oxide and ammonium polyphosphate in a weight ratio of about 3:1:3, respectively.
4. The coated fabric of Claim 3 wherein the fabric sub-strate is selected from the group consisting of woven and knitted fabrics of nylon fibers.
5. The coated fabric of Claim 3 wherein the soluble, thermoplastic polyurethane is a polyester-type poly-urethane, the weight ratio of polyurethane to flame re-tardant additive in said elastomeric composition being about 30:70, respectively.
6. A flame retardant coated fabric capable of being joined by heat sealing which comprises a fabric substrate bonded to a flame retardant polymer film which does not possess heat sealing characteristics, and a coating, bonded to said polymer coating, of an elastomeric com-position comprising about 30 to about 60 wt. percent soluble, thermoplastic polyurethane and about 70 to about 40 wt. percent of a flame retardant additive selected from the group consisting of decabromodiphenyloxide and antimony oxide in a weight ratio of about 3:1, respec-tively, and decabromodiphenyloxide, antimony oxide, and ammonium polyphosphate in a weight ratio of about 3:1:3, respectively.
7. The coated fabric of Claim 6 wherein the flame re-tardant polymer film is neoprene.
8. A flame retardant additive composition for blending with soluble, thermoplastic polyurethanes for producing a flame retardant, abrasion resistant elastomeric composi-tion capable of being heat sealed, which additive compo-sition is selected from the group consisting of decabro-modiphenyloxide and antimony oxide in a weight ratio of 3:1, respectively, and decabromodiphenyloxide, antimony oxide and ammonium polyphosphate in a weight ratio of 3:1:3, respectively.
9. A method for producing a flame retardant, abrasion resistant coated fabric capable of being heat sealed, which method comprises: bonding to a fabric substrate a coating of an elastomeric composition comprising about 30 to about 60 wt. percent of a soluble, thermoplastic poly-urethane and about 70 to about 40 weight percent of a flame retardant additive selected from the group consis-ting of decabromodiphenyloxide and antimony oxide in a weight ratio of about 3:1, respectively, and decabromodi-phenyloxide, antimony oxide and ammonium polyphosphate in a weight ratio of about 3:1:3, respectively.
10. The method of Claim 9 wherein said elastomeric com-position is dissolved in a solvent to produce a solution containing about 20 to 40 wt. percent solids, wherein said solution is cast as a film on a release substrate and solvent is evaporated therefrom, wherein said film is contacted with said fabric under conditions of elevated temperature and applied pressure for a dwell time suffi-cient to effect a bond between said film and said fabric, and wherein said release substrate is removed to yield a coated fabric.
11. The method of Claim 10 wherein bonding temperature, applied pressure and dwell time are selected to ensure a bond between said film and said fabric and to minimize strike-in of said elastomeric composition into the web of said fabric.
12. The method of Claim 11 wherein the bonding tempera-ture is about 204.4°C, the applied pressure is about 30 psi, and the dwell time is about in seconds.
13. The method of Claim 9 wherein a coating of said elastomeric composition is bonded to both sides of said fabric substrate for improving flame retardant properties of said coated fabric.
CA000372520A 1980-04-30 1981-03-09 Heat sealable, flame and abrasion resistant coated fabric Expired CA1162693A (en)

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US145,107 1980-04-30

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EP (1) EP0038899B2 (en)
JP (1) JPS57163A (en)
CA (1) CA1162693A (en)
DE (1) DE3163693D1 (en)

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US4284682A (en) 1981-08-18
EP0038899B1 (en) 1984-05-23
EP0038899B2 (en) 1988-06-01
JPS626032B2 (en) 1987-02-07
JPS57163A (en) 1982-01-05
DE3163693D1 (en) 1984-06-28
EP0038899A1 (en) 1981-11-04

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