CA1214093A - Specimen-collection wipe for occult-blood detection - Google Patents
Specimen-collection wipe for occult-blood detectionInfo
- Publication number
- CA1214093A CA1214093A CA000447381A CA447381A CA1214093A CA 1214093 A CA1214093 A CA 1214093A CA 000447381 A CA000447381 A CA 000447381A CA 447381 A CA447381 A CA 447381A CA 1214093 A CA1214093 A CA 1214093A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- wipe
- specimen
- indicator
- occult
- blood
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/72—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving blood pigments, e.g. haemoglobin, bilirubin or other porphyrins; involving occult blood
- G01N33/721—Haemoglobin
- G01N33/726—Devices
Abstract
Abstract A specimen-collection wipe 2 is suitable for use in testing for the presence of occult blood in fecal matter or other bodily substance. The wipe 2 includes a substrate 4 having a hand-contact surface 11 for manipulating the wipe 2 and an occult-blood detection-test surface 10 for collecting a specimen and supporting it during treatment with an occult-blood indicator fluid.
The substrate 4 has a sufficiently low wet strength to permit the wipe 2 to be disposed of in a toilet and preferably has a sufficiently high resistance to seepage to permit the hand-contact surface 11 to remain dry for the duration of the test. The wipe 2 also includes an indicator-activity verification region 14 on which is dispersed a reagent capable of interacting with the occult-blood indicator fluid to provide an indication characteristic of the presence of occult blood.
The substrate 4 has a sufficiently low wet strength to permit the wipe 2 to be disposed of in a toilet and preferably has a sufficiently high resistance to seepage to permit the hand-contact surface 11 to remain dry for the duration of the test. The wipe 2 also includes an indicator-activity verification region 14 on which is dispersed a reagent capable of interacting with the occult-blood indicator fluid to provide an indication characteristic of the presence of occult blood.
Description
1214(~93 --1-- ..
Specimen-Collection Wipe For Occult-Blood Detection -Description Technical Field The present invention relates to a disposable wipe for use in collecting specimens of fecal matter or other bodily substance and testing the specimens for the ~-presence of occult blood.
Back round Artg The p~esence of blood in feces can signal the existance of a tumor, ulcer, or other medical disorder along the digestive tract. In early stages of development, a tumor or ulcer on the digestive tract may bleed to such a slight extent that the blood, while _ _ present in the feces, is not visible. Nonetheless, in such cases, the blood, termed "hidden" or "occult" blood, c~n usually be aetected with one of a number of indicator reagents which change color in the presence of the hemoglobin in blood.
One of the most widely used occult-blood indicator reagents is derived from an extract from the wood of certain species of trees of the Guaiacum genus native to the American tropics. The extract, terme~
gUaiaG~ turns from essentially colorless to blue in the presence of hemoglobin and an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide. More specifically, the guaiac reagent is sensitive to what is termed "peroxidase activity" which results from the combination of an oxidizing agent with hemoglobin or certain chemically similar compounds.
Testing feces for the presence of occult blood with an occult-blood indicator reagent is a valuable 3~
~2~4093
Specimen-Collection Wipe For Occult-Blood Detection -Description Technical Field The present invention relates to a disposable wipe for use in collecting specimens of fecal matter or other bodily substance and testing the specimens for the ~-presence of occult blood.
Back round Artg The p~esence of blood in feces can signal the existance of a tumor, ulcer, or other medical disorder along the digestive tract. In early stages of development, a tumor or ulcer on the digestive tract may bleed to such a slight extent that the blood, while _ _ present in the feces, is not visible. Nonetheless, in such cases, the blood, termed "hidden" or "occult" blood, c~n usually be aetected with one of a number of indicator reagents which change color in the presence of the hemoglobin in blood.
One of the most widely used occult-blood indicator reagents is derived from an extract from the wood of certain species of trees of the Guaiacum genus native to the American tropics. The extract, terme~
gUaiaG~ turns from essentially colorless to blue in the presence of hemoglobin and an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide. More specifically, the guaiac reagent is sensitive to what is termed "peroxidase activity" which results from the combination of an oxidizing agent with hemoglobin or certain chemically similar compounds.
Testing feces for the presence of occult blood with an occult-blood indicator reagent is a valuable 3~
~2~4093
2-medical diagnostic tool, since such testing can o~ten detect tumors in the digestive tract at an early stage of their development, typically before the tumors manifest other symptoms and at a stage when they can be treated most successfully.
A procedure widely used by physicians ana medical laboratories for testing for occult blood in fecal matter makes use of a test slide of the type disclosed in Vnited States patent No. 4,365,970 to Lawrence and Townsley. The test slide of the Lawrence and Townsley patent includes a sheet of guaiac-impregnated indicator paper enclosed in a cardboard envelope. A front panel of the envelope has openings in it for smearing samples of fecal matter on a firs~ side of the indicator paper. A rear panel of the envelope has an opening for applying a hydrogen peroxide developing solution to a second side of the indicator paper. A blue stain on the indicator paper signifies the presence Gf occult blood in the sample of fecal matter on the opposite side. Since the blue stain appears on the side of the indicator paper opposite to the samples of fecal matter, the developing solution necessarily soaks through the paper in ~he test procedure. The indicator sheet of the test slide of the Lawrence and Townsley patent has a control area designated on its second side which includes a positive monitor and a negative monitor.
Hemin, a hemoglobin-derived compound, is printed on the positive monitor, but not on the negative monitor.
Application of the developing solution to the control area causes the indicator paper to turn blue at the positive monitor and remain colorless at the negative monitor if the test reagents are properly active and if the test slide has not been contaminated with a compound which`
yields a false indication of the presence of hemoglobin.
Although the test slide of the Lawrence and Townsley patent is generally satisfactory for use in a -doctor's office or a hospital, it has significant disadvantages for home use. An applicator stick must be used to collect each sample of fecal matter from a toilet bowl and to smear the sample on the test slide. The person using the test slide thus has the problem of disposing of the applicator sticks and, after applying the developing solution to the slide, disposing of the test slide itself. Neither the applicator sticks nor the test slide can be flushed down the toilet. Even if the test slide is forwarded to a doctor's office or medical laboratory ~or analysis~ the problem of disposing of the soiled applicator sticks remains for the user.
United States patent No. 4,175,923 to Friend discloses a test for the presence of occult blood in fecal matter which is intended to be carried out at home. The test makes use of an indicator paper prepared by impregnating a sheet of absorbent paper with guaiac reagent. A portion of the indicator paper is also impregnated with blood. The test of the Friend patent involves applying a developing solution to a sheet of the indicator paper and then tossing the sheet into a toilet bowl to contact the paper with the water in the bowl. The developing solution causes the portion of the indicator paper impregnated with blood to turn blue if the guaiac reagent and developing solution are properly active. If stools in the toilet bowl contain occult blood, blood will disperse in the water in the bowl. Blood in the water in the toilet bowl will in turn cause the remainder of the indicator paper to turn blue. After allowing time for the color of the indicator paper to change, the paper can be flushed down the toilet with the stools.
Although the occult-blood detection test of the Friend patent is satisfactory in principle, it is limited in a number of respects. Ordinarily, for occult blood in fecal matter to be detected by the test, the blood must 12~40g3 disperse in the water of the toilet bowl. Such dispersal necessarily dilutes the blood and thus reduces the sensitivi~y of the test. In addition, the test results may be suspect as a consequence of the presence of contaminants in the toilet bowl. Furthermore, guaiac reagent is subject to degradation by oxygen in the air.
- Consequently, the sheets of indicator paper are preferably stored individually in sealed foil envelopes or- air-tight packages of some other sort to increase shelf-life stability. Such air-tight packaging increases the cost of the test to the user.
Disclosure of The Invention We have invented a convenient disposa~le specimen-collection wipe for u~e in an occult-blood detection test suitable for carrying out at home which avoids problems o~ the prior art noted ~bove. The specimen-collection wipe is especially suited for use in connection with a method and composition for detecting peroxidase activity disclosed in copending, co~monly assigned Canadian patent application serial no. 447,371, filed February 14, 1984 (the '371 application-).
Broadly, the specimen collection wipe of the -present invention comprises a substrate having a hand - contact surface for manipulating the wipe and an occult-blood detection-test surface. Two regions are defined on ~he detection-test surface: (1) a specimen-collection region for collecting a specimen of fecal matter or other boaily substance and for supporting the specimen during application of an indicator fluid such as one of the self-deYeloping indicator solutions disclosed in the '3?~
application cited above, and (2) an indicator-activity ~2l40a3 verification region for testing the activity of the indicator fluia. The substrate is guaiac free and constructed of a pliable material such as multiple-ply tissue paper. The substrate has a su~iciently low wet strength to permit the wipe to be flushed down a toilet.
In addition, the substraie preferably has a sufficiently - high resistance to seepage by the indicator fluid from the detection-test surface to the hana-contact surf~ce to permit the hand-contact surface to remain dry ~or the 10 duration of an occult-blood detection test. --~ he wipe of the invention incorporates anindicator-activity test reagent in the indicator-activity - - veri~ication region of the detection-test surface of the substrate. The indicator-activity test reagent is capable of interacting with the indicator fluid to provide an indication characteristic of the presence of occult blood. -Thus, if a dose of a self-developing-gu~iac indic2tor solution of the '37l application is sprayed on the indicator-activity verification region o~ a wipe o~
the invention, the indicator fluid ordinarily turns from - esc_ntially colorless to blue. Failu~e of the indicat.or flu~d to change color is a signal that the indicator fluid - may ~e inactiYe for some reason and that any negative result of the occult-blood detection test should be suspect.
The wipe is of a siz~ ana shape to be manipulated by -hand 2nd therefore a wide range of sizes and shapes are - - usable. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the wipe is in the form of a generally rectangular pad from 30 about 80mm to about l50mm wide and from about lOOmm to about 20~mm long. Dimensions of roughly lOOmm wide by roughly 150mm long are particularly pre~erred. Alter--natively, the wipe could be circular or o~al in shape. The wipe could also be fabricated as a mitt to be worn over the 35 hand. It will be recognized that the wipe of the inventio~
~2~4093 could be fabricated in other forJ~s and sizes.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the substrate is a generally rectangular pad formed from a number of sheets of absorbent, porous, soft, low-wet-strength paper of the type used as toilet tissue. Thesheets are arranged one on top of the other. For example, a pad composed of nine plies of tissue paper has served successfully as a substrate for a wipe of the invention.
~owever, either a greater or lesser number of plies may be advantageous in certain applications, depending, for example, on the weight and stiffness of the individual plies of tissue paper.
In an embodiment in which the substrate is a pad formed from plies of tissue paper, the plies are preferably joined together arouna their periphery. The plies may be joined by crimping. Crimping the plies together around the periphery of the pad permits the plies -_ - to separate from one another readily when the wipe is soaked with water. Consequently, the wipe may be safely disposed of in a toilet. Furthermore, a pad formed from plies of tissue paper crimped together is economical to manufacture. Alternatively, the plies of tissue paper may be joined with an adhesive, preferably applied around the periphery of- the-paa. The adhesive is preferably water soluble or otherwise water degraaable to permit the wipe to be disposed of readily in a toilet.
- The wipe of the invention is preferably biodegradable .
The substrate of the wipe of the invention should not include any contaminant in the specimen-collection region which would give rise to a false indication of the presence of occult blood. Commercially available grades of tissue paper such as used for toilet tissue generally do not include such contaminants.
For use with a self-developing guaiac indicator solution of the '371 application, the detection-tes~
surface of a wipe of the invention is advantageously white;
or yellow in color to provide a visual contrast wi~h the indicator fluid, which turns blue on contact with occult blood. To less aGvantage, the surface may also be colored pink. A green or blue color for the detection-test surface in this application, while possible, is generally not preferred, since a blue or green background tends to mask the color change provided by the guaiac indicator solution.
- The indicator-activity test reagent preferably includes hematin, a derivative of hemoglobin with the following systematic name: [7,12-Diethenyl-3,8,13,17-te~ramethyl-21~,23~-porphine-2,18-dipropanoato(2-)-N
N ,N23,N2 ~-hy~roxyiron. ~ematin may be applied to the indicator-activity verification region as a basic solution in a mixture of ethanol and water. Any reagent exhibiting peroxidase-like activity; such as hemin, hemoglobin, or whol~ blood (either human blood or animal blood); may be usea as an indicator-activity tèst reagent 20 if desired since such reasents provide a reaction with ~ndicator fluids characteristi~ of occlllt blood.
The indicator-activity verification region is pre~erably substantially smaller in area than the specimen coll~ection region and is preferably clearly marked on the de~ection-test surface of the wipe of the invention. The shape of the indicator-activity verification region is not critical. The verification region, for example, may be `
generally circular, rectangular, or of another shape.
More than one indicator-activity verification region may be included if desired~ A corresponaing region which includes no indicator-activity test rea~ent may be ~arked on the detection-test surface as well to serve as a neutral-response region. Ink used for marking the various regions on the detection-test surface should be safe for 35 human contact and should not give rise to a false - ~140g3 inàication of t:~e presence of occult blood or otherwise distort the results of the test.
P~eferably, the substrate of a wipe of the invention retards the seepage of indicator fluid from the detection-test surface of the wipe to the hand-contact surface for at least 30 seconds to give the user time to hold the wipe in his hand and observe the test results .
. before dampness is de.tected on the hand-contact surface.
The hand-contac~ surface of a preferred wipe of the invention made up of nine plies of tissue paper generally remains dry ~o the touch indefinitely after a standard occult-blood detection-test dose of roughly 0.9 ml of a sel~-developing indicator solution of Example I the '37l application is applied to the detection-test surface on the opposite side of the wipe. Although it is possible to soak such a wipe through in less than 30 seconds by applying three times~the standard test dose of indicator sol.ution, when the standard..test.dose is applied, the indicator solution generally evaporates to dryness from the detection-test surface before it can penetrate to the hand-contact surface of the wipe.
It is believed that the remarkable resistance to seepage from front to back in a pad of plies of tissue paper joined at.their...periphery is a.result of the.liqht contact the various plies make with one another in the central region of the pad. Fluid tenas to flow by capillary action laterally within a sheet of tissue paper f~r more readily than it tends to flow from one sheet of tissue paper to the next. ~loreover, the first four or five plies or so of the nine plies of tissue paper in preferred wipes of the invention have sufficient fluid-~ holding capacity to ~bsorb all o~ the indicator fluid - - applied to the wipe in a typical occult-blood detection test.
~lthou~h in principle a moisture-imperneable pol~mer film could be incorporated in the wipe of the invention to serve as a moisture barrier, conventional polymer films typically have too great a wet strength to be readily disposable in a toilet.
Brief Descri~tion of the Drawing Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the following figures.
Fig. l is an oblique view of a specimen-collection wipe of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial crossectional side vie~ ofthe wipe of Fig. l taken along line 2-2.
Best Mode for Carr in Out the Invention Y g Turning now to Fig. l, a specimen-collection wipe 2 includes a pad 4. As shown in Fig. 2, the pad 4 is made up of nine plies of tissue paper 6 arranged one on top of _ _ ~he other. The plies of tissue paper 6 are crimped together around the periphery 8 of the pad 4. A first side lO of the pad 4 defines an occult-blood detection test surface for the wipe and a second side ll defines a hand-contact surface.- Printed on the detection-test surface lO are designations of three regions: a specimen collection region 12, a indicator-activity verification 25 region 14 and a neutral-response region 16. The indicator-activity verification region 14 is denotea "Positive" and the neutral-response region 16 is denoted "Negative." A hematin reagent is absorbed in the indicator-activity verification region 14.
The hematin reagent is deposited within the indicator-activity verification region 14 by moistening the reyion 14 with a hematin solution, then allowing the solvent to evaporate from the moistened area to leave behind a deposit of hematin reagent. The hematin solution 35 is prepared as follows: Water and ethanol are mixed in ~214093 -10- .
ehe proportion of about 25 percent by volume water and about 75 percent by volume ethanol. Sodium hydroxide is added to the water/ethanol mixture in an amount sufficient to form a solution of about 0. 01 molar sodium hydroxide.
5 To this basic water/ethanol solution is added a quantity of hematin sufficient to yield a solution containing about 6 mg of hematin per liter of solution.
The.self-developing indicator solution'of.Example --II, Run 2 of the '37l application is suitable for use -with .10 ..the...wipe..2. This indicator solution may be prepared as follows: To a flask is added about lO0 ml of ethanol .followed by addition -of about l gram o.~-.gu~?ac~..o~L~
The contents are mixed for approximately-30 minutes to dissolve the guaiac indicator in the ethanol solvent. The -.15 _solution is filtered to remove undissolved particles.
About ~ifty (50) ml of the resulting solution is mixed -with approximately 4.5 ml of about 30 percent hydrogen peroxide, followed by the addition of about 15 ml of .
-approximately O.l molar citrate buffer to.adj~st the p~.tQ
' 20 a~out 5Ø Approximately ten (lO) ml of water are added ~ to preven~ crystallization of the buffer. Fresh ethanol is- then'.added to'increase the volume to about.lO0 ml. .The resulting ~olution exhibits a slight amber color.
The wipe 2 in conjunction with the self-25 developin~ indicator solution of the preceding paragraph ~an be .used as follows to test for the presence of occult --'~blood in f'ecal matter. The user first obtains a sample of fecal mat~er by defecating. A specimen of the fecal matter is collected on the specimen-collection region 12 of the 30 wipe 2 by contacting the region 12 the wipe 2 with the fecal matter while defecatin~ or by patting in the anal area with the region 12 of the wipe 2. - The user then applies a dose of the occult-blood indicator solution from a spray applica.or to the specimen of fecal matter on the 35 wipe. Typically, three squirts are applied, with each ~214(~9;}
, squirt of the applicator delivering roughly 0.18 ml of solution. In a~dition, single-squirt doses of indicator solution are applied respectively to the indicator-activity verification region 14 and to the 5 neutral-response region 16 of the wipe. If the indicator solution is properly active, the solution will change color in the indicator-activity verification re~ion 14.
If the wipe has not been contaminated with a substance which gives a false indication of occult blood, the indicator solution will remain essentially colorless in the-neutral response region 16. Thus, if the indicator solution either fails to turn blue in the indicator-activity verification region 14 or turns blue in the neutral response region 16, the results of the test are s~spect. If the indicator solution which contacts the specimen of fecal m`atter-does not change color, the specimen probably contains at most an insignificant _ _ quantity of occult blood. If, on the other hand, the indicator solution which contacts the specimen turns blue, the presence of occult blood is indicated and the user should consult a physician. After the test is completed the user can toss the wipe into the toilet bowl and flush it away.
It is not intended to limit the present invention to the specific embodiments described above. ~or example, the substrate of the wipe of the invention may be made of flushable felt, wadding, sponge or fabric, if desired. A
pad suitable for a wipe of the invention may be made from sheets of creped, low-wet-strength tissue. The wipe may be folded so that the indicator-activity verification region and neutral-response region generally face away from the specimen-collection region to prevent the indicator-activity verification and neutral-response regions from becoming soiled with fecal matter during the collection of a specimen. After collection of the specimen, the wipe can be unfolded to permit the inaicator fluid to be applied conveniently to all three regions.
The indicator-activity verification region and neutral-response region may be covered with a removable, flushable paper strip or other sui~able barrier to soiling if desir~d. The wipe of the invention may be used with indicator fluids other than those disclosed in the '371 application and.~ay..be_used...to.detect.occult blood.in bodily substances other than fecal matter. It is recognized that .these and other changes may be made in the invention specifically described herein without de2arting from the scope-and teachinss of the instant invention and it is intended to encompass all other embodiments, alternatives, and modifications consistent with the invention.
A procedure widely used by physicians ana medical laboratories for testing for occult blood in fecal matter makes use of a test slide of the type disclosed in Vnited States patent No. 4,365,970 to Lawrence and Townsley. The test slide of the Lawrence and Townsley patent includes a sheet of guaiac-impregnated indicator paper enclosed in a cardboard envelope. A front panel of the envelope has openings in it for smearing samples of fecal matter on a firs~ side of the indicator paper. A rear panel of the envelope has an opening for applying a hydrogen peroxide developing solution to a second side of the indicator paper. A blue stain on the indicator paper signifies the presence Gf occult blood in the sample of fecal matter on the opposite side. Since the blue stain appears on the side of the indicator paper opposite to the samples of fecal matter, the developing solution necessarily soaks through the paper in ~he test procedure. The indicator sheet of the test slide of the Lawrence and Townsley patent has a control area designated on its second side which includes a positive monitor and a negative monitor.
Hemin, a hemoglobin-derived compound, is printed on the positive monitor, but not on the negative monitor.
Application of the developing solution to the control area causes the indicator paper to turn blue at the positive monitor and remain colorless at the negative monitor if the test reagents are properly active and if the test slide has not been contaminated with a compound which`
yields a false indication of the presence of hemoglobin.
Although the test slide of the Lawrence and Townsley patent is generally satisfactory for use in a -doctor's office or a hospital, it has significant disadvantages for home use. An applicator stick must be used to collect each sample of fecal matter from a toilet bowl and to smear the sample on the test slide. The person using the test slide thus has the problem of disposing of the applicator sticks and, after applying the developing solution to the slide, disposing of the test slide itself. Neither the applicator sticks nor the test slide can be flushed down the toilet. Even if the test slide is forwarded to a doctor's office or medical laboratory ~or analysis~ the problem of disposing of the soiled applicator sticks remains for the user.
United States patent No. 4,175,923 to Friend discloses a test for the presence of occult blood in fecal matter which is intended to be carried out at home. The test makes use of an indicator paper prepared by impregnating a sheet of absorbent paper with guaiac reagent. A portion of the indicator paper is also impregnated with blood. The test of the Friend patent involves applying a developing solution to a sheet of the indicator paper and then tossing the sheet into a toilet bowl to contact the paper with the water in the bowl. The developing solution causes the portion of the indicator paper impregnated with blood to turn blue if the guaiac reagent and developing solution are properly active. If stools in the toilet bowl contain occult blood, blood will disperse in the water in the bowl. Blood in the water in the toilet bowl will in turn cause the remainder of the indicator paper to turn blue. After allowing time for the color of the indicator paper to change, the paper can be flushed down the toilet with the stools.
Although the occult-blood detection test of the Friend patent is satisfactory in principle, it is limited in a number of respects. Ordinarily, for occult blood in fecal matter to be detected by the test, the blood must 12~40g3 disperse in the water of the toilet bowl. Such dispersal necessarily dilutes the blood and thus reduces the sensitivi~y of the test. In addition, the test results may be suspect as a consequence of the presence of contaminants in the toilet bowl. Furthermore, guaiac reagent is subject to degradation by oxygen in the air.
- Consequently, the sheets of indicator paper are preferably stored individually in sealed foil envelopes or- air-tight packages of some other sort to increase shelf-life stability. Such air-tight packaging increases the cost of the test to the user.
Disclosure of The Invention We have invented a convenient disposa~le specimen-collection wipe for u~e in an occult-blood detection test suitable for carrying out at home which avoids problems o~ the prior art noted ~bove. The specimen-collection wipe is especially suited for use in connection with a method and composition for detecting peroxidase activity disclosed in copending, co~monly assigned Canadian patent application serial no. 447,371, filed February 14, 1984 (the '371 application-).
Broadly, the specimen collection wipe of the -present invention comprises a substrate having a hand - contact surface for manipulating the wipe and an occult-blood detection-test surface. Two regions are defined on ~he detection-test surface: (1) a specimen-collection region for collecting a specimen of fecal matter or other boaily substance and for supporting the specimen during application of an indicator fluid such as one of the self-deYeloping indicator solutions disclosed in the '3?~
application cited above, and (2) an indicator-activity ~2l40a3 verification region for testing the activity of the indicator fluia. The substrate is guaiac free and constructed of a pliable material such as multiple-ply tissue paper. The substrate has a su~iciently low wet strength to permit the wipe to be flushed down a toilet.
In addition, the substraie preferably has a sufficiently - high resistance to seepage by the indicator fluid from the detection-test surface to the hana-contact surf~ce to permit the hand-contact surface to remain dry ~or the 10 duration of an occult-blood detection test. --~ he wipe of the invention incorporates anindicator-activity test reagent in the indicator-activity - - veri~ication region of the detection-test surface of the substrate. The indicator-activity test reagent is capable of interacting with the indicator fluid to provide an indication characteristic of the presence of occult blood. -Thus, if a dose of a self-developing-gu~iac indic2tor solution of the '37l application is sprayed on the indicator-activity verification region o~ a wipe o~
the invention, the indicator fluid ordinarily turns from - esc_ntially colorless to blue. Failu~e of the indicat.or flu~d to change color is a signal that the indicator fluid - may ~e inactiYe for some reason and that any negative result of the occult-blood detection test should be suspect.
The wipe is of a siz~ ana shape to be manipulated by -hand 2nd therefore a wide range of sizes and shapes are - - usable. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the wipe is in the form of a generally rectangular pad from 30 about 80mm to about l50mm wide and from about lOOmm to about 20~mm long. Dimensions of roughly lOOmm wide by roughly 150mm long are particularly pre~erred. Alter--natively, the wipe could be circular or o~al in shape. The wipe could also be fabricated as a mitt to be worn over the 35 hand. It will be recognized that the wipe of the inventio~
~2~4093 could be fabricated in other forJ~s and sizes.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the substrate is a generally rectangular pad formed from a number of sheets of absorbent, porous, soft, low-wet-strength paper of the type used as toilet tissue. Thesheets are arranged one on top of the other. For example, a pad composed of nine plies of tissue paper has served successfully as a substrate for a wipe of the invention.
~owever, either a greater or lesser number of plies may be advantageous in certain applications, depending, for example, on the weight and stiffness of the individual plies of tissue paper.
In an embodiment in which the substrate is a pad formed from plies of tissue paper, the plies are preferably joined together arouna their periphery. The plies may be joined by crimping. Crimping the plies together around the periphery of the pad permits the plies -_ - to separate from one another readily when the wipe is soaked with water. Consequently, the wipe may be safely disposed of in a toilet. Furthermore, a pad formed from plies of tissue paper crimped together is economical to manufacture. Alternatively, the plies of tissue paper may be joined with an adhesive, preferably applied around the periphery of- the-paa. The adhesive is preferably water soluble or otherwise water degraaable to permit the wipe to be disposed of readily in a toilet.
- The wipe of the invention is preferably biodegradable .
The substrate of the wipe of the invention should not include any contaminant in the specimen-collection region which would give rise to a false indication of the presence of occult blood. Commercially available grades of tissue paper such as used for toilet tissue generally do not include such contaminants.
For use with a self-developing guaiac indicator solution of the '371 application, the detection-tes~
surface of a wipe of the invention is advantageously white;
or yellow in color to provide a visual contrast wi~h the indicator fluid, which turns blue on contact with occult blood. To less aGvantage, the surface may also be colored pink. A green or blue color for the detection-test surface in this application, while possible, is generally not preferred, since a blue or green background tends to mask the color change provided by the guaiac indicator solution.
- The indicator-activity test reagent preferably includes hematin, a derivative of hemoglobin with the following systematic name: [7,12-Diethenyl-3,8,13,17-te~ramethyl-21~,23~-porphine-2,18-dipropanoato(2-)-N
N ,N23,N2 ~-hy~roxyiron. ~ematin may be applied to the indicator-activity verification region as a basic solution in a mixture of ethanol and water. Any reagent exhibiting peroxidase-like activity; such as hemin, hemoglobin, or whol~ blood (either human blood or animal blood); may be usea as an indicator-activity tèst reagent 20 if desired since such reasents provide a reaction with ~ndicator fluids characteristi~ of occlllt blood.
The indicator-activity verification region is pre~erably substantially smaller in area than the specimen coll~ection region and is preferably clearly marked on the de~ection-test surface of the wipe of the invention. The shape of the indicator-activity verification region is not critical. The verification region, for example, may be `
generally circular, rectangular, or of another shape.
More than one indicator-activity verification region may be included if desired~ A corresponaing region which includes no indicator-activity test rea~ent may be ~arked on the detection-test surface as well to serve as a neutral-response region. Ink used for marking the various regions on the detection-test surface should be safe for 35 human contact and should not give rise to a false - ~140g3 inàication of t:~e presence of occult blood or otherwise distort the results of the test.
P~eferably, the substrate of a wipe of the invention retards the seepage of indicator fluid from the detection-test surface of the wipe to the hand-contact surface for at least 30 seconds to give the user time to hold the wipe in his hand and observe the test results .
. before dampness is de.tected on the hand-contact surface.
The hand-contac~ surface of a preferred wipe of the invention made up of nine plies of tissue paper generally remains dry ~o the touch indefinitely after a standard occult-blood detection-test dose of roughly 0.9 ml of a sel~-developing indicator solution of Example I the '37l application is applied to the detection-test surface on the opposite side of the wipe. Although it is possible to soak such a wipe through in less than 30 seconds by applying three times~the standard test dose of indicator sol.ution, when the standard..test.dose is applied, the indicator solution generally evaporates to dryness from the detection-test surface before it can penetrate to the hand-contact surface of the wipe.
It is believed that the remarkable resistance to seepage from front to back in a pad of plies of tissue paper joined at.their...periphery is a.result of the.liqht contact the various plies make with one another in the central region of the pad. Fluid tenas to flow by capillary action laterally within a sheet of tissue paper f~r more readily than it tends to flow from one sheet of tissue paper to the next. ~loreover, the first four or five plies or so of the nine plies of tissue paper in preferred wipes of the invention have sufficient fluid-~ holding capacity to ~bsorb all o~ the indicator fluid - - applied to the wipe in a typical occult-blood detection test.
~lthou~h in principle a moisture-imperneable pol~mer film could be incorporated in the wipe of the invention to serve as a moisture barrier, conventional polymer films typically have too great a wet strength to be readily disposable in a toilet.
Brief Descri~tion of the Drawing Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the following figures.
Fig. l is an oblique view of a specimen-collection wipe of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial crossectional side vie~ ofthe wipe of Fig. l taken along line 2-2.
Best Mode for Carr in Out the Invention Y g Turning now to Fig. l, a specimen-collection wipe 2 includes a pad 4. As shown in Fig. 2, the pad 4 is made up of nine plies of tissue paper 6 arranged one on top of _ _ ~he other. The plies of tissue paper 6 are crimped together around the periphery 8 of the pad 4. A first side lO of the pad 4 defines an occult-blood detection test surface for the wipe and a second side ll defines a hand-contact surface.- Printed on the detection-test surface lO are designations of three regions: a specimen collection region 12, a indicator-activity verification 25 region 14 and a neutral-response region 16. The indicator-activity verification region 14 is denotea "Positive" and the neutral-response region 16 is denoted "Negative." A hematin reagent is absorbed in the indicator-activity verification region 14.
The hematin reagent is deposited within the indicator-activity verification region 14 by moistening the reyion 14 with a hematin solution, then allowing the solvent to evaporate from the moistened area to leave behind a deposit of hematin reagent. The hematin solution 35 is prepared as follows: Water and ethanol are mixed in ~214093 -10- .
ehe proportion of about 25 percent by volume water and about 75 percent by volume ethanol. Sodium hydroxide is added to the water/ethanol mixture in an amount sufficient to form a solution of about 0. 01 molar sodium hydroxide.
5 To this basic water/ethanol solution is added a quantity of hematin sufficient to yield a solution containing about 6 mg of hematin per liter of solution.
The.self-developing indicator solution'of.Example --II, Run 2 of the '37l application is suitable for use -with .10 ..the...wipe..2. This indicator solution may be prepared as follows: To a flask is added about lO0 ml of ethanol .followed by addition -of about l gram o.~-.gu~?ac~..o~L~
The contents are mixed for approximately-30 minutes to dissolve the guaiac indicator in the ethanol solvent. The -.15 _solution is filtered to remove undissolved particles.
About ~ifty (50) ml of the resulting solution is mixed -with approximately 4.5 ml of about 30 percent hydrogen peroxide, followed by the addition of about 15 ml of .
-approximately O.l molar citrate buffer to.adj~st the p~.tQ
' 20 a~out 5Ø Approximately ten (lO) ml of water are added ~ to preven~ crystallization of the buffer. Fresh ethanol is- then'.added to'increase the volume to about.lO0 ml. .The resulting ~olution exhibits a slight amber color.
The wipe 2 in conjunction with the self-25 developin~ indicator solution of the preceding paragraph ~an be .used as follows to test for the presence of occult --'~blood in f'ecal matter. The user first obtains a sample of fecal mat~er by defecating. A specimen of the fecal matter is collected on the specimen-collection region 12 of the 30 wipe 2 by contacting the region 12 the wipe 2 with the fecal matter while defecatin~ or by patting in the anal area with the region 12 of the wipe 2. - The user then applies a dose of the occult-blood indicator solution from a spray applica.or to the specimen of fecal matter on the 35 wipe. Typically, three squirts are applied, with each ~214(~9;}
, squirt of the applicator delivering roughly 0.18 ml of solution. In a~dition, single-squirt doses of indicator solution are applied respectively to the indicator-activity verification region 14 and to the 5 neutral-response region 16 of the wipe. If the indicator solution is properly active, the solution will change color in the indicator-activity verification re~ion 14.
If the wipe has not been contaminated with a substance which gives a false indication of occult blood, the indicator solution will remain essentially colorless in the-neutral response region 16. Thus, if the indicator solution either fails to turn blue in the indicator-activity verification region 14 or turns blue in the neutral response region 16, the results of the test are s~spect. If the indicator solution which contacts the specimen of fecal m`atter-does not change color, the specimen probably contains at most an insignificant _ _ quantity of occult blood. If, on the other hand, the indicator solution which contacts the specimen turns blue, the presence of occult blood is indicated and the user should consult a physician. After the test is completed the user can toss the wipe into the toilet bowl and flush it away.
It is not intended to limit the present invention to the specific embodiments described above. ~or example, the substrate of the wipe of the invention may be made of flushable felt, wadding, sponge or fabric, if desired. A
pad suitable for a wipe of the invention may be made from sheets of creped, low-wet-strength tissue. The wipe may be folded so that the indicator-activity verification region and neutral-response region generally face away from the specimen-collection region to prevent the indicator-activity verification and neutral-response regions from becoming soiled with fecal matter during the collection of a specimen. After collection of the specimen, the wipe can be unfolded to permit the inaicator fluid to be applied conveniently to all three regions.
The indicator-activity verification region and neutral-response region may be covered with a removable, flushable paper strip or other sui~able barrier to soiling if desir~d. The wipe of the invention may be used with indicator fluids other than those disclosed in the '371 application and.~ay..be_used...to.detect.occult blood.in bodily substances other than fecal matter. It is recognized that .these and other changes may be made in the invention specifically described herein without de2arting from the scope-and teachinss of the instant invention and it is intended to encompass all other embodiments, alternatives, and modifications consistent with the invention.
Claims (14)
1. A specimen-collection wipe for use in an occult-blood detection test employing an occult-blood indicator fluid, the wipe being of a size and form to be manipulated by hand, the wipe comprising:
(a) a substrate having a hand-contact surface for manipulating the wipe and an occult-blood detection-test surface, the detection-test surface having an indicator-activity verification region for testing the activity of the occult-blood indicator fluid and a specimen-collection region for collecting a specimen of a bodily substance and for supporting the specimen during treatment of the specimen with the indicator fluid to test for the presence of occult blood, the substrate being made of a guaiac-free, pliable material which has a sufficiently low wet strength to permit the wipe to be disposed of in a toilet; and (b) an indicator-activity-test reagent dispersed on the indicator-activity verification region of the detection-test surface of the substrate, the indicator-activity-test reagent being capable of interacting with occult-blood indicator fluid applied to the indicator-activity verification region to provide an indication characteristic of the presence of occult blood.
(a) a substrate having a hand-contact surface for manipulating the wipe and an occult-blood detection-test surface, the detection-test surface having an indicator-activity verification region for testing the activity of the occult-blood indicator fluid and a specimen-collection region for collecting a specimen of a bodily substance and for supporting the specimen during treatment of the specimen with the indicator fluid to test for the presence of occult blood, the substrate being made of a guaiac-free, pliable material which has a sufficiently low wet strength to permit the wipe to be disposed of in a toilet; and (b) an indicator-activity-test reagent dispersed on the indicator-activity verification region of the detection-test surface of the substrate, the indicator-activity-test reagent being capable of interacting with occult-blood indicator fluid applied to the indicator-activity verification region to provide an indication characteristic of the presence of occult blood.
2. The specimen-collection wipe of claim 1 in which the substrate has a sufficiently high resistance to seepage by the indicator fluid from the detection-test surface to the hand-contact surface to permit the hand-contact surface of the substrate to remain dry to the touch for a time sufficiently long after application of an occult-blood-detection-test dose of the indicator fluid to the detection-test surface to enable the indicator fluid to indicate the presence of occult blood in the specimen.
3. The specimen-collection wipe of claim 2 in which the substrate is a pad comprised of paper.
4. The specimen-collection wipe of claim 3 in which the substrate comprises a plurality of sheets of tissue paper disposed one on top of the other to form a multilayer structure, the sheets being joined together around their periphery.
5. The specimen-collection wipe of claim 4 in which the sheets of tissue paper are joined together around their periphery by crimping.
6. The specimen-collection wipe of claim 4 in which the sheets of tissue paper are joined together around their periphery by a water-degradable adhesive.
7. The specimen-collection wipe of claim 4 in which the substrate comprises nine sheets of tissue paper.
8. The specimen-collection wipe of claim 1 in which the indicator-activity-test reagent includes hematin.
9. The specimen-collection wipe of claim 1 in which the wipe is a pad generally rectangular in shape.
10. The specimen-collection wipe of claim 9 in which the area of the indicator-activity verification region is substantially less than the area of the specimen-collection region.
11. The specimen-collection wipe of claim 10 in which the indicator-activity verification region is delineated on the face of the detection-test surface.
12. The specimen-collection wipe of claim 10 in which the substrate is folded so that the indicator-activity verification region and the specimen collection region face in generally opposing directions.
13. A process for testing for occult blood in fecal matter employing an occult-blood indicator fluid, the process comprising:
(a) contacting fecal matter or the anal area with a specimen-collection region of a guaiac-free specimen-collection wipe to collect a specimen of fecal matter on the wipe;
(b) applying a dose of the occult-blood indicator fluid to an indicator-activity verification region of the wipe and observing any change in color in the indicator fluid to verify the activity of the indicator fluid, the indicator-activity verification region of the wipe incorporating an indicator-activity test reagent capable of interacting with the occult-blood indicator fluid to provide an indication characteristic of the presence of occult blood;
(c) applying a dose of the occult-blood indicator fluid to the specimen of fecal matter and observing any change in color in the indicator fluid to determine if the fecal matter contains occult blood; and (d) flushing the wipe down a toilet to dispose of the wipe.
(a) contacting fecal matter or the anal area with a specimen-collection region of a guaiac-free specimen-collection wipe to collect a specimen of fecal matter on the wipe;
(b) applying a dose of the occult-blood indicator fluid to an indicator-activity verification region of the wipe and observing any change in color in the indicator fluid to verify the activity of the indicator fluid, the indicator-activity verification region of the wipe incorporating an indicator-activity test reagent capable of interacting with the occult-blood indicator fluid to provide an indication characteristic of the presence of occult blood;
(c) applying a dose of the occult-blood indicator fluid to the specimen of fecal matter and observing any change in color in the indicator fluid to determine if the fecal matter contains occult blood; and (d) flushing the wipe down a toilet to dispose of the wipe.
14. The process of claim 13 in which the doses of occult-blood indicator fluid are applied by a spray applicator.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US491,008 | 1983-05-03 | ||
| US06/491,008 US4578359A (en) | 1983-05-03 | 1983-05-03 | Occult-blood detection |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1214093A true CA1214093A (en) | 1986-11-18 |
Family
ID=23950437
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000447381A Expired CA1214093A (en) | 1983-05-03 | 1984-02-14 | Specimen-collection wipe for occult-blood detection |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4578359A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0124214B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS59204765A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR870001327B1 (en) |
| AR (1) | AR240366A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU547840B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8400934A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1214093A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3482624D1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO164203C (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA841080B (en) |
Families Citing this family (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4937197A (en) * | 1984-12-11 | 1990-06-26 | Litmus Concepts, Inc. | Fecal occult blood test method |
| US5068197A (en) * | 1984-12-11 | 1991-11-26 | Litmus Concepts, Inc. | Fecal occult blood test methods |
| US4971914A (en) * | 1984-12-11 | 1990-11-20 | Litmus Concepts, Inc. | Developer for fecal occult blood tests |
| US4939097A (en) * | 1986-06-02 | 1990-07-03 | Litmus Concepts, Inc. | Fecal occult blood test methods |
| US4983416A (en) * | 1985-02-04 | 1991-01-08 | Propper Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Manufacturing method for an occult fecal blood test slide |
| US4808379A (en) * | 1985-02-08 | 1989-02-28 | Wardlaw Stephen C | Device for obtaining stool samples and detecting occult blood |
| US4804518A (en) * | 1985-02-25 | 1989-02-14 | Levine Robert A | Device for occult blood testing |
| US4675160A (en) * | 1986-01-28 | 1987-06-23 | Warner-Lambert Company | Occult blood test monitor |
| US5256372A (en) * | 1987-11-06 | 1993-10-26 | Idexx Corporation | Dipstick test device including a removable filter assembly |
| US5053342A (en) * | 1987-12-24 | 1991-10-01 | Litmus Concepts, Inc. | Fecal occult blood test reagents |
| US5182191A (en) * | 1988-10-14 | 1993-01-26 | Pacific Biotech, Inc. | Occult blood sampling device and assay |
| JPH02296152A (en) * | 1989-05-11 | 1990-12-06 | Hidenobu Akutsu | Paper for detecting and indicating diseased condition |
| US5064766A (en) * | 1989-10-18 | 1991-11-12 | Wardlaw Stephen C | Method for differentiating the source of occult gastrointestinal bleeding |
| US5031619A (en) * | 1990-02-06 | 1991-07-16 | Exergen Corporation | Method for determining bleeding time |
| JP2611890B2 (en) * | 1991-07-19 | 1997-05-21 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Measurement method using dry analytical element and dry analytical element |
| US6342037B1 (en) | 1998-06-29 | 2002-01-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Device having fecal component sensor |
| GB2382649A (en) * | 2000-12-13 | 2003-06-04 | Douglas Thomas Thomson | Toilet tissue for detecting occult blood |
| US7763442B2 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2010-07-27 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method for detecting candida on skin |
| US7531319B2 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2009-05-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Array for rapid detection of a microorganism |
| CN103260563B (en) | 2010-12-10 | 2015-09-09 | H.B.富勒公司 | Comprise the goods washed away and the using method thereof of polyurethane binder |
| GB201107466D0 (en) | 2011-05-05 | 2011-06-15 | Loktionov Alexandre | Device and method for non-invasive collection of colorectal mucocellular layer and disease detection |
| US9091682B1 (en) | 2014-05-01 | 2015-07-28 | Steven M Hacker | Tissue specimen bottle with color indicator in lid verifying and confirming presence of human tissue or blood contained in specimen bottle |
| CN205548432U (en) * | 2016-03-19 | 2016-09-07 | 深圳市兼明科技有限公司 | A face tissue for assisting detect bacterial infection |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA901754A (en) * | 1972-06-06 | M. Larson Phyllis | Flushable moisture-retaining sanitary pad | |
| GB1018563A (en) * | 1963-01-23 | 1966-01-26 | John Church Wilkinson | Improvements in diagnostic aids |
| US3718431A (en) * | 1971-02-01 | 1973-02-27 | J Wild | Method of stool sample collection and testing apparatus therefor |
| US4005984A (en) * | 1975-05-16 | 1977-02-01 | Reese Fell Alsop | Diagnostic composition and method of using the same |
| US4082886A (en) * | 1977-08-15 | 1978-04-04 | Johnson & Johnson | Liquid absorbent fibrous material and method of making the same |
| US4175923A (en) * | 1978-06-26 | 1979-11-27 | Friend William G | Method and apparatus for occult blood testing in the home |
| US4259964A (en) * | 1979-07-09 | 1981-04-07 | Levine Robert A | Device for obtaining stool samples |
| US4273741A (en) * | 1979-07-09 | 1981-06-16 | Levine Robert A | Device for obtaining stool samples |
| US4420353A (en) * | 1980-01-07 | 1983-12-13 | Levine Robert A | Method of making a stool sampling device |
| US4333734A (en) * | 1980-01-18 | 1982-06-08 | Sloan-Kettering Institute For Cancer Research | Diagnostic device for fecal occult blood and method of use |
| US4365970A (en) * | 1981-05-01 | 1982-12-28 | Smithkline Instruments, Inc. | Specimen test slide and method for testing occult blood |
| US4473079A (en) * | 1982-09-13 | 1984-09-25 | Jasper David A | Simple, small, self-contained tests for occult blood |
| CA1216215A (en) * | 1983-03-01 | 1987-01-06 | Henry J. Wells | Peroxidase activity detection composition |
-
1983
- 1983-05-03 US US06/491,008 patent/US4578359A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1984
- 1984-02-14 CA CA000447381A patent/CA1214093A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-02-14 ZA ZA841080A patent/ZA841080B/en unknown
- 1984-02-17 AU AU24708/84A patent/AU547840B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1984-02-24 EP EP84301217A patent/EP0124214B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-02-24 DE DE8484301217T patent/DE3482624D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1984-02-28 BR BR8400934A patent/BR8400934A/en unknown
- 1984-02-29 JP JP59036365A patent/JPS59204765A/en active Granted
- 1984-02-29 AR AR295872A patent/AR240366A1/en active
- 1984-02-29 KR KR1019840001020A patent/KR870001327B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-02-29 NO NO840769A patent/NO164203C/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0124214A2 (en) | 1984-11-07 |
| EP0124214A3 (en) | 1986-12-17 |
| EP0124214B1 (en) | 1990-07-04 |
| DE3482624D1 (en) | 1990-08-09 |
| NO840769L (en) | 1984-11-05 |
| US4578359A (en) | 1986-03-25 |
| AU547840B2 (en) | 1985-11-07 |
| NO164203C (en) | 1990-09-05 |
| KR870001327B1 (en) | 1987-07-13 |
| AR240366A1 (en) | 1990-03-30 |
| JPH0354306B2 (en) | 1991-08-19 |
| KR850000073A (en) | 1985-02-25 |
| NO164203B (en) | 1990-05-28 |
| AU2470884A (en) | 1984-11-08 |
| ZA841080B (en) | 1984-09-26 |
| JPS59204765A (en) | 1984-11-20 |
| BR8400934A (en) | 1985-03-05 |
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| MKEX | Expiry |