CA1215482A - Simultaneous transmission of speech and data over an analog channel - Google Patents
Simultaneous transmission of speech and data over an analog channelInfo
- Publication number
- CA1215482A CA1215482A CA000451523A CA451523A CA1215482A CA 1215482 A CA1215482 A CA 1215482A CA 000451523 A CA000451523 A CA 000451523A CA 451523 A CA451523 A CA 451523A CA 1215482 A CA1215482 A CA 1215482A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- speech
- data
- receiver
- data signal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J1/00—Frequency-division multiplex systems
- H04J1/20—Frequency-division multiplex systems in which at least one carrier is angle-modulated
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
- H04L27/345—Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information
- H04L27/3461—Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information in order to transmit a subchannel
- H04L27/3483—Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information in order to transmit a subchannel using a modulation of the constellation points
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M11/00—Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems
- H04M11/06—Simultaneous speech and data transmission, e.g. telegraphic transmission over the same conductors
- H04M11/062—Simultaneous speech and data transmission, e.g. telegraphic transmission over the same conductors using different frequency bands for speech and other data
Abstract
SIMULTANEOUS TRANSMISSION OF SPEECH AND DATA OVER
AN ANALOG CHANNEL
Abstract The present invention relates to a technique for transmitting an entire analog speech signal and a modulated data signal over a transmission channel such as a common analog telephone speech channel. The present technique multiplexes the entire modulated data signal within the normal analog speech signal frequency band where the speech is present and its signal power density characteristic is at a low level. Separation of the speech and data signals at the receiver is effected by recovering the modulation carrier frequency and demodulating the received signal to recover the data signal. The data signal is then remodulated with the recovered carrier and is convolved with an arbitrary channel impulse response in an adaptive filter whose output signal is subtracted from the received composite data and speech signal to generate the recovered speech signal. To improve the recovered speech signal, a least mean square algorithm is used to update the arbitrary channel impulse response output signal of the adaptive filter.
AN ANALOG CHANNEL
Abstract The present invention relates to a technique for transmitting an entire analog speech signal and a modulated data signal over a transmission channel such as a common analog telephone speech channel. The present technique multiplexes the entire modulated data signal within the normal analog speech signal frequency band where the speech is present and its signal power density characteristic is at a low level. Separation of the speech and data signals at the receiver is effected by recovering the modulation carrier frequency and demodulating the received signal to recover the data signal. The data signal is then remodulated with the recovered carrier and is convolved with an arbitrary channel impulse response in an adaptive filter whose output signal is subtracted from the received composite data and speech signal to generate the recovered speech signal. To improve the recovered speech signal, a least mean square algorithm is used to update the arbitrary channel impulse response output signal of the adaptive filter.
Description
SIMULTANEOUS TRANSMISSION OF SPEECH AND DATA OVER
AN ANALOG CHANNEL
The present invention relates to a technique for the simultaneous transmission of speech and data over an analog channel. More particularly, an entire analog speech signal and a modulated data signal are capable of being transmitted over an analog channel by the multiplexing of the entire data signal within the portion of the normal analog speech signal frequency band where the speech signal is present and the power density characteristic thereof is low.
Existing analog transmission facilities would be more efficient if speech and data could be simultaneously transmitted over the same channel. Preferably, such proposal should not compromise the recovered speech and data qualities, neither should there be an expansion in the bandwidth requirements. At the same time~ it is desirable to have a system which is simple and cost-effective.
A method of transmitting data and speech signals in a telephone system in which communication is effected via a radio link is disclosed in U. S. Patent ~,280,020 issued to L. E. Schnurr on July 21, 1981. There the data and speech signals are separated in the frequency domain and transmitted in respective separate sideband channels, the data sideband channel containing sidebands generated by time coding an otherwise continuous wave signal.
A spread spectrum arrangement for (de)multiplexing speech signals and nonspeech signals is 30 disclosed in U. S. Patent 4,313rl97 issued to N. F.
Maxemchuk on January 26, 1982. There, at the transmitter, a block of speech signals may be converted from the time domain to a frequency domain by a Fourier transformation.
A Fourier component may be pseudo-randornly selected from a subset of such components. Responsive to the selected components, a prediction of the component may be ," ` ~k 5~1Z
substituted therefor, the prediction being thereafter modified, e g., by its amplitude being incremented or decremented to reflect the multiplexing of a logic 1 or a logic 0 nonspeech signal The modified prediction may be converted back to the time domain for transmission to the receiver. At the receiver, a parallel demultiplexing occurs for extracting speech signals and nonspeech signals for the multiplexed signals.
Recently several systems have been proposed to send speech and data simultaneously which exploit the properties of the Short Time Fast Fourier Transform (~FT) and the statistical properties of speech~ For example~ in tha article nSimultaneous Transmission of Speech and Data using Code-Breaking Techniques" by R. Steele et al in BSTJ, Vol. 60, No. 9, November 1981 at pages 2081-2105, a system whereby speech is used as a data carrier is proposedO More particularly, the speech, sampled at 8 kHz, is divided into blocks of N samples, and provided the correlation coefficient and mean square value of the samples exceed system thresholds, data is allowed to be transmitted n If the data is a logical 0, the samples are sent without modification; however~ if a logical 1 is present, frequency inversion scrambling of the samples occurs. The receiver performs the inverse process to recover both the speech and data. These techniques can be quite complex and require careful timing and non-dispersive channelsO
The problem remaining is to provide a technique for the simultaneous transmission of speech and data over a channel which is simple and cost effective and does not require an expansion in bandwidth requirements.
The foregoing problem has been solved in accordance with the present invention which relates t~ a technique for the simultaneous transmission of speech and data over an analog channel. More particularly, an entire analog speech signal and a modulated data signal are capable of being transmitted over a normal analog channel by the multiplexing of the data signal within the portion of the normal analog speech signal frequency band where the speech signal is present and the power density characteristic thereof is low.
In accordance with an aspect of the invention there is provided a receiver capable of recovering combined speech and data signals, characterized by an input terminal capable of simultaneously receiving an analog speech signal which includes a predetermined power density characteristic over a predetermined bandwidth and a data signal which is 10. received in a portion of the received analog speech signal bandwidth where the analog speech signal is present and the power density characteristic of the analog speech signal is at a low value; a first and a second output terminal; means capable of demo~ulating and recovering the data signal from a received composite analog speech and modulated data signal for transmission to the first output terminal; means capable of remodulating the recovered data signal at the output of the demodulating and recovering means for generating an output signal corresponding substantially 2Q to the data siganl received at the input terminal of the receiver; adaptive filtering means capable of generating a first signal representative of an estimate of an impulse response of a channel connected to the input terminal of the receiver, and convolving said first signal with the remodulated data output signal from the remodulating means to generate a resultant output data signal; and means capable of subtracting the resultant output data signal generated by the adaptive filtering means from the composite analog speech and data signal received at the 3Q input terminal of the receiver for substantially cancelling the data signal forming part of the composite received signal and generating a resultant output signal at the second output terminal of the receiver which comprises the recovered analog speech signal.
s 3cl -Other and further aspects of the present invention will become apparent during the course of the following description and by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring now to the drawings, in which like numerals represent like parts in the several views:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a preferred trans-mitter and receiver arrangement for transmitting simulta-neous speech and Multilevel Phase Shift Keyed (MPSK) modulated data signals;
FIG. 2 is a plot of the power density (db) vs frequency averaged for exemplary speech spoken by male and female speakers and a predetermined baud rate data signal transmitted in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates exemplary curves of the ~it Error Rate (BER) vs data-to-speech power ratîo (DSPR) for a data bit rate of 500 bits/sec. for Binary Phase Shift Keyed (BPS~) data carrier frequencies ranging from 500 to 2500 Hz and for Gaussian noise; and FIGo 4 are plots of exemplary BER vs DSPR curves for bit rates between 250 and 1000 bits/sec., where the BPSK data carrier frequency is 2500 Hz.
A block diagram of a preferred arrangement of a system in accordance with the present invention which transmits analog speech and data signals simultaneously is shown in FIG~ 1~ The system comprises a transmitter 10 which eeceives a speech signal and a data signal as inputs from external sources not shown. The speech signal can be bandpass filtered in optional filter 12 to an exemplary frequency band of, for example, 200 Hz to 3200 Hz if desired. The resultant speech signal S(t) is then scaled by a factor ~ in multiplier 14 and transmitted to an adder 16. The input data signal is modulated in a modulator 18 with a predetermined carrier frequency fc~
which hereinafter will take the exemplary form of a Multilevel Phase Shift Reyed (MPSK) carrier within the analog speech signal frequency band of, for example, 2500 Hz to generate a MPSK modulated data signal D(t) which can include raised cosine pulse shaping. The resultant exemplary MPSK modulated data signa~ is added to the weighted speech signal in adder 16 to produce the transmitted signal X(t) over the analog transmission channel 20~ The transmitted signal can be defined as -D(t)+~S(t)-In the present system, the transmitted signal X(t) passes through an analog transmission channel 20. To a first approximation, this channel can be described by its impulse r~sponse, HCh(t)- The receiver 30 sees the transmitted signal X(t) as the convolution of the channel impulse response and the transmitted signal, i.e., X(,t) = SD(t)~ols(t)) HCh(t) = (D( ~*Hch(t~)+(~s(t) HCh(t))- (1) Receiver 30 recovers the data portion of the received signal X(t) in a conventional manner using any suitable carrier recovery arrangement 32 and MPSK
demodulator 33. The performance of the da~a signal recovery portion of receiver 30 depends largely upon the system parameter ~. From equation (1) it can be seen that the data signal D(t~ must be detected in the presence of the speech signal S(t). The system parameter ~ is adjusted to make the speech power, ~2, small enough for reliable data recovery.
15 The speech signal is recovered by subtracting the data signal D(t) component from the appropriately synchronized composite signal X(t). This is accomplished by first regenerating the data signal D(t) in MPSK
remodulator 34, which corresponds in function to MPSK
modulator 18 at the transmitter lOo Timing for the MPSK
remodu~ator 34 is obtained from the carrier recovery circuit 32. The data signal D(t) is not subtracted directly from the received composite signal X~t) to recover the speech signal S(t) until the effects of channel 20 have been accounted for. To do this, an estimate of the channel response HCh(t) must be made after which the speech signal S(~) is recovered via ,~ , ," A
S(t) = ~(D(t)*Hch(t))+(~S(t~*Hch(t))] (D(t) Hch(t~) (2) The problem of estimating the channel response HCh(t) knowing the data signal D(t) and not knowing the random variable speech signal S(t) is so~ved in accordance with the present invention by the use of an adaptive filter 35. Presently, an adaptive Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter whose weights are adjusted by the least mean square (LMS) algorithm via device 36 is used or adaptive filter 35. A typical arrangement is shown in FIG. 29 of the article "Adaptive Noise Cancelling: Principles and Applications" by B. Widrow et al in Proceedinqs of the IEEE, Vol. 63; No. 12, December 1975 at paye 1709.
The performance of a MPSK receiver, comprising Carrier Recovery circuit 32 and MPSK demodulator 33, with Gaussian interference is well understood. However, when the interference is speech, the receiver performance requires special attention. White Gaussian noise has a uniform frequency distribution, so when the data bit-error-rate (BER) is looked at, the MPSK carrier frequency is not important. The power density of speech is not uniform with frequency, but rather decreases rapidly as the frequency increases as shown in FIG. 2 for curve 40. In this case the MPSK carrier frequency is expected to play an important role in the BER performance since it is only that portion of the interference falling within the same bandwidth as the data signal which contributes to its detriment. A typical data signal with a Binary Phase Shift Keyed (BPSKJ carrier frequency of 2500 Hz and baud rate of, for example, 250 is also shown in FIG~ 2 as curve 41 superimposed on speech signa~ curve 40.
It has been found that for a given data-to-speech power ratio (DSPR), better BER performance is obtained when a higher carrier frequency is selected as shown in FIG. 3 using a matched filter receiver. FIG. 4 shows the BER
performance for different DSPRs when different data rates are used. In FIG. 4, the ~PSK carrier frequency used is the exemplary 2.5 kHz and, as shown, the higher data rates require a higher DSPR for a given BER. As mentioned hereinbefore, the parameter ~ is adjusted to make the speech power small enough for reliable data recovery. The value of ~ can be easily determined from the DSPR as 35 10 (~ ~ ) (3) The degree to which the speech signal can be recovered from the composite data and speech signal received in receiver 30 is limited primarily by how well the channel 20 response HCh(t) can be estimated using equation (2)~ Adaptive FIR filter 35, configured for adaptive cancellation, is found to be very efficient in solving such problems where the regenerated data signal ~(t) from remodulator 34 is convolved with an arbitrary impulse response H(t). The resultant signal is then 1~ subtrzcted in subtractor 37 from the composite signal X
which is synchronized to D(t) by any suitable means, such as a delay in the + input leg to subtractor 37 in FIG. 1, leaving the recovered speech S(t). To improve the estimate of the recovered speech, a least mean square (LMS) algorithm is used via circuit 36 to update the impulse response H(t), i.e., H(t+l) H(t)~S(t)D(t) '(4) used by adaptive filter 35. After many iterations, H(t) converges from its arbitrary response ~(t) to HCh(t)~ and the recovered speech at the output of subtractor 37 contains little or no noise attributed to the data signal D(t) -The parameter ~ controls how fast filter 35 converges~ Larger value allows fast adaptation, but if ~
is too large, instability occurs. In addition small values of ~ yield smaller errors between the final ~I(t) and HCh(~). The theory of the adaptive filter is described in the heretofore mentioned article by Widrow et al in the December 1975 issue of the Proceedings of the IEEE. As a typical example, a FIR filter length of 64 and a ~ of 10 9 was used to achieve a data cancellation in the neighborhood of 33 db.
The heretofore described application of the adaptive filter 35 is a special case where the bandwidth of the input data signal D(t) does not occupy the entire analog transmission channel bandwidth In this case, there are many responses H(t) which will work with adapt;ve filter 35~ The response outside the bandwidth of the data signal D(t) is not defined, so a family of solutions exist.
After the LMS algorithm from circuit 36 has converged, H
will continue to change until it arrives at one of the solutions which creates arithmetic errors in the particular hardware implementationO A simp~e solution to this problem is to remove the modulation filter found ;n the MPSK
modulator 34 located at receiver 300 The resulting signal ~(t) would then be broadband~ The adaptive filter solution would then be unique and consist of the channel response HCh(t) convolved with the RC filter response.
It is to be understood that the recovered speech is impaired by channel dispersion, additive channel noise, and imperfect cancellation of the data signal. To quantify the recovered speech quality, the speech signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is usedO The SNR can be evaluated as aS2 SNR = 10 log Nch + ND (5) NCh is the additive channel noise power while ND is the noise power created by the canceled data signal D(t) and aS
is the power of the speech signal. Hereinbefore~ it was stated that a smaller value of a yields a better BER.
However, from Equation (5) it can be seen that the recovered speech SNR decreases with a and that, lf ~ must be very small, poor recovered speech quality is expected.
Therefore, a is an important system parameter in deciding the best compromise between recovered data and speech performance.
91~
g _ It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments are simply illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various other modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art which will embody the principles of the invention and fall within the spirit and scope thereof. It is to be understood that analog transmission channel 20 can comprise many forms such as7 for example, a common telephone channel which operates within the 0~4000 Hz range with unknown amplitude and frequency distortions.
AN ANALOG CHANNEL
The present invention relates to a technique for the simultaneous transmission of speech and data over an analog channel. More particularly, an entire analog speech signal and a modulated data signal are capable of being transmitted over an analog channel by the multiplexing of the entire data signal within the portion of the normal analog speech signal frequency band where the speech signal is present and the power density characteristic thereof is low.
Existing analog transmission facilities would be more efficient if speech and data could be simultaneously transmitted over the same channel. Preferably, such proposal should not compromise the recovered speech and data qualities, neither should there be an expansion in the bandwidth requirements. At the same time~ it is desirable to have a system which is simple and cost-effective.
A method of transmitting data and speech signals in a telephone system in which communication is effected via a radio link is disclosed in U. S. Patent ~,280,020 issued to L. E. Schnurr on July 21, 1981. There the data and speech signals are separated in the frequency domain and transmitted in respective separate sideband channels, the data sideband channel containing sidebands generated by time coding an otherwise continuous wave signal.
A spread spectrum arrangement for (de)multiplexing speech signals and nonspeech signals is 30 disclosed in U. S. Patent 4,313rl97 issued to N. F.
Maxemchuk on January 26, 1982. There, at the transmitter, a block of speech signals may be converted from the time domain to a frequency domain by a Fourier transformation.
A Fourier component may be pseudo-randornly selected from a subset of such components. Responsive to the selected components, a prediction of the component may be ," ` ~k 5~1Z
substituted therefor, the prediction being thereafter modified, e g., by its amplitude being incremented or decremented to reflect the multiplexing of a logic 1 or a logic 0 nonspeech signal The modified prediction may be converted back to the time domain for transmission to the receiver. At the receiver, a parallel demultiplexing occurs for extracting speech signals and nonspeech signals for the multiplexed signals.
Recently several systems have been proposed to send speech and data simultaneously which exploit the properties of the Short Time Fast Fourier Transform (~FT) and the statistical properties of speech~ For example~ in tha article nSimultaneous Transmission of Speech and Data using Code-Breaking Techniques" by R. Steele et al in BSTJ, Vol. 60, No. 9, November 1981 at pages 2081-2105, a system whereby speech is used as a data carrier is proposedO More particularly, the speech, sampled at 8 kHz, is divided into blocks of N samples, and provided the correlation coefficient and mean square value of the samples exceed system thresholds, data is allowed to be transmitted n If the data is a logical 0, the samples are sent without modification; however~ if a logical 1 is present, frequency inversion scrambling of the samples occurs. The receiver performs the inverse process to recover both the speech and data. These techniques can be quite complex and require careful timing and non-dispersive channelsO
The problem remaining is to provide a technique for the simultaneous transmission of speech and data over a channel which is simple and cost effective and does not require an expansion in bandwidth requirements.
The foregoing problem has been solved in accordance with the present invention which relates t~ a technique for the simultaneous transmission of speech and data over an analog channel. More particularly, an entire analog speech signal and a modulated data signal are capable of being transmitted over a normal analog channel by the multiplexing of the data signal within the portion of the normal analog speech signal frequency band where the speech signal is present and the power density characteristic thereof is low.
In accordance with an aspect of the invention there is provided a receiver capable of recovering combined speech and data signals, characterized by an input terminal capable of simultaneously receiving an analog speech signal which includes a predetermined power density characteristic over a predetermined bandwidth and a data signal which is 10. received in a portion of the received analog speech signal bandwidth where the analog speech signal is present and the power density characteristic of the analog speech signal is at a low value; a first and a second output terminal; means capable of demo~ulating and recovering the data signal from a received composite analog speech and modulated data signal for transmission to the first output terminal; means capable of remodulating the recovered data signal at the output of the demodulating and recovering means for generating an output signal corresponding substantially 2Q to the data siganl received at the input terminal of the receiver; adaptive filtering means capable of generating a first signal representative of an estimate of an impulse response of a channel connected to the input terminal of the receiver, and convolving said first signal with the remodulated data output signal from the remodulating means to generate a resultant output data signal; and means capable of subtracting the resultant output data signal generated by the adaptive filtering means from the composite analog speech and data signal received at the 3Q input terminal of the receiver for substantially cancelling the data signal forming part of the composite received signal and generating a resultant output signal at the second output terminal of the receiver which comprises the recovered analog speech signal.
s 3cl -Other and further aspects of the present invention will become apparent during the course of the following description and by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring now to the drawings, in which like numerals represent like parts in the several views:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a preferred trans-mitter and receiver arrangement for transmitting simulta-neous speech and Multilevel Phase Shift Keyed (MPSK) modulated data signals;
FIG. 2 is a plot of the power density (db) vs frequency averaged for exemplary speech spoken by male and female speakers and a predetermined baud rate data signal transmitted in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates exemplary curves of the ~it Error Rate (BER) vs data-to-speech power ratîo (DSPR) for a data bit rate of 500 bits/sec. for Binary Phase Shift Keyed (BPS~) data carrier frequencies ranging from 500 to 2500 Hz and for Gaussian noise; and FIGo 4 are plots of exemplary BER vs DSPR curves for bit rates between 250 and 1000 bits/sec., where the BPSK data carrier frequency is 2500 Hz.
A block diagram of a preferred arrangement of a system in accordance with the present invention which transmits analog speech and data signals simultaneously is shown in FIG~ 1~ The system comprises a transmitter 10 which eeceives a speech signal and a data signal as inputs from external sources not shown. The speech signal can be bandpass filtered in optional filter 12 to an exemplary frequency band of, for example, 200 Hz to 3200 Hz if desired. The resultant speech signal S(t) is then scaled by a factor ~ in multiplier 14 and transmitted to an adder 16. The input data signal is modulated in a modulator 18 with a predetermined carrier frequency fc~
which hereinafter will take the exemplary form of a Multilevel Phase Shift Reyed (MPSK) carrier within the analog speech signal frequency band of, for example, 2500 Hz to generate a MPSK modulated data signal D(t) which can include raised cosine pulse shaping. The resultant exemplary MPSK modulated data signa~ is added to the weighted speech signal in adder 16 to produce the transmitted signal X(t) over the analog transmission channel 20~ The transmitted signal can be defined as -D(t)+~S(t)-In the present system, the transmitted signal X(t) passes through an analog transmission channel 20. To a first approximation, this channel can be described by its impulse r~sponse, HCh(t)- The receiver 30 sees the transmitted signal X(t) as the convolution of the channel impulse response and the transmitted signal, i.e., X(,t) = SD(t)~ols(t)) HCh(t) = (D( ~*Hch(t~)+(~s(t) HCh(t))- (1) Receiver 30 recovers the data portion of the received signal X(t) in a conventional manner using any suitable carrier recovery arrangement 32 and MPSK
demodulator 33. The performance of the da~a signal recovery portion of receiver 30 depends largely upon the system parameter ~. From equation (1) it can be seen that the data signal D(t~ must be detected in the presence of the speech signal S(t). The system parameter ~ is adjusted to make the speech power, ~2, small enough for reliable data recovery.
15 The speech signal is recovered by subtracting the data signal D(t) component from the appropriately synchronized composite signal X(t). This is accomplished by first regenerating the data signal D(t) in MPSK
remodulator 34, which corresponds in function to MPSK
modulator 18 at the transmitter lOo Timing for the MPSK
remodu~ator 34 is obtained from the carrier recovery circuit 32. The data signal D(t) is not subtracted directly from the received composite signal X~t) to recover the speech signal S(t) until the effects of channel 20 have been accounted for. To do this, an estimate of the channel response HCh(t) must be made after which the speech signal S(~) is recovered via ,~ , ," A
S(t) = ~(D(t)*Hch(t))+(~S(t~*Hch(t))] (D(t) Hch(t~) (2) The problem of estimating the channel response HCh(t) knowing the data signal D(t) and not knowing the random variable speech signal S(t) is so~ved in accordance with the present invention by the use of an adaptive filter 35. Presently, an adaptive Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter whose weights are adjusted by the least mean square (LMS) algorithm via device 36 is used or adaptive filter 35. A typical arrangement is shown in FIG. 29 of the article "Adaptive Noise Cancelling: Principles and Applications" by B. Widrow et al in Proceedinqs of the IEEE, Vol. 63; No. 12, December 1975 at paye 1709.
The performance of a MPSK receiver, comprising Carrier Recovery circuit 32 and MPSK demodulator 33, with Gaussian interference is well understood. However, when the interference is speech, the receiver performance requires special attention. White Gaussian noise has a uniform frequency distribution, so when the data bit-error-rate (BER) is looked at, the MPSK carrier frequency is not important. The power density of speech is not uniform with frequency, but rather decreases rapidly as the frequency increases as shown in FIG. 2 for curve 40. In this case the MPSK carrier frequency is expected to play an important role in the BER performance since it is only that portion of the interference falling within the same bandwidth as the data signal which contributes to its detriment. A typical data signal with a Binary Phase Shift Keyed (BPSKJ carrier frequency of 2500 Hz and baud rate of, for example, 250 is also shown in FIG~ 2 as curve 41 superimposed on speech signa~ curve 40.
It has been found that for a given data-to-speech power ratio (DSPR), better BER performance is obtained when a higher carrier frequency is selected as shown in FIG. 3 using a matched filter receiver. FIG. 4 shows the BER
performance for different DSPRs when different data rates are used. In FIG. 4, the ~PSK carrier frequency used is the exemplary 2.5 kHz and, as shown, the higher data rates require a higher DSPR for a given BER. As mentioned hereinbefore, the parameter ~ is adjusted to make the speech power small enough for reliable data recovery. The value of ~ can be easily determined from the DSPR as 35 10 (~ ~ ) (3) The degree to which the speech signal can be recovered from the composite data and speech signal received in receiver 30 is limited primarily by how well the channel 20 response HCh(t) can be estimated using equation (2)~ Adaptive FIR filter 35, configured for adaptive cancellation, is found to be very efficient in solving such problems where the regenerated data signal ~(t) from remodulator 34 is convolved with an arbitrary impulse response H(t). The resultant signal is then 1~ subtrzcted in subtractor 37 from the composite signal X
which is synchronized to D(t) by any suitable means, such as a delay in the + input leg to subtractor 37 in FIG. 1, leaving the recovered speech S(t). To improve the estimate of the recovered speech, a least mean square (LMS) algorithm is used via circuit 36 to update the impulse response H(t), i.e., H(t+l) H(t)~S(t)D(t) '(4) used by adaptive filter 35. After many iterations, H(t) converges from its arbitrary response ~(t) to HCh(t)~ and the recovered speech at the output of subtractor 37 contains little or no noise attributed to the data signal D(t) -The parameter ~ controls how fast filter 35 converges~ Larger value allows fast adaptation, but if ~
is too large, instability occurs. In addition small values of ~ yield smaller errors between the final ~I(t) and HCh(~). The theory of the adaptive filter is described in the heretofore mentioned article by Widrow et al in the December 1975 issue of the Proceedings of the IEEE. As a typical example, a FIR filter length of 64 and a ~ of 10 9 was used to achieve a data cancellation in the neighborhood of 33 db.
The heretofore described application of the adaptive filter 35 is a special case where the bandwidth of the input data signal D(t) does not occupy the entire analog transmission channel bandwidth In this case, there are many responses H(t) which will work with adapt;ve filter 35~ The response outside the bandwidth of the data signal D(t) is not defined, so a family of solutions exist.
After the LMS algorithm from circuit 36 has converged, H
will continue to change until it arrives at one of the solutions which creates arithmetic errors in the particular hardware implementationO A simp~e solution to this problem is to remove the modulation filter found ;n the MPSK
modulator 34 located at receiver 300 The resulting signal ~(t) would then be broadband~ The adaptive filter solution would then be unique and consist of the channel response HCh(t) convolved with the RC filter response.
It is to be understood that the recovered speech is impaired by channel dispersion, additive channel noise, and imperfect cancellation of the data signal. To quantify the recovered speech quality, the speech signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is usedO The SNR can be evaluated as aS2 SNR = 10 log Nch + ND (5) NCh is the additive channel noise power while ND is the noise power created by the canceled data signal D(t) and aS
is the power of the speech signal. Hereinbefore~ it was stated that a smaller value of a yields a better BER.
However, from Equation (5) it can be seen that the recovered speech SNR decreases with a and that, lf ~ must be very small, poor recovered speech quality is expected.
Therefore, a is an important system parameter in deciding the best compromise between recovered data and speech performance.
91~
g _ It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments are simply illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various other modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art which will embody the principles of the invention and fall within the spirit and scope thereof. It is to be understood that analog transmission channel 20 can comprise many forms such as7 for example, a common telephone channel which operates within the 0~4000 Hz range with unknown amplitude and frequency distortions.
Claims (5)
1. A receiver capable of recovering combined speech and data signals, characterized by an input terminal capable of simultaneously receiving an analog speech signal which includes a predetermined power density characteristic over a predetermined bandwidth and a data signal which is received in a portion of the received analog speech signal bandwidth where the analog speech signal is present and the power density characteristic of the analog speech signal is at a low value;
a first and a second output terminal;
means capable of demodulating and recovering the data signal from a received composite analog speech and modulated data signal for transmission to the first output terminal;
means capable of remodulating the recovered data signal at the output of the demodulating and recovering means for generating an output signal corresponding substantially to the data signal received at the input terminal of the receiver;
adaptive filtering means capable of generating a first signal representative of an estimate of an impulse response of a channel connected to the input terminal of the receiver, and convolving said first signal with the remodulated data output signal from the remodulating means to generate a resultant output data signal; and means capable of subtracting the resultant output data signal generated by the adaptive filtering means from the composite analog speech and data signal received at the input terminal of the receiver for substantially cancelling the data signal forming part of the composite received signal and generating a resultant output signal at the second output terminal of the receiver which comprises the recovered analog speech signal.
a first and a second output terminal;
means capable of demodulating and recovering the data signal from a received composite analog speech and modulated data signal for transmission to the first output terminal;
means capable of remodulating the recovered data signal at the output of the demodulating and recovering means for generating an output signal corresponding substantially to the data signal received at the input terminal of the receiver;
adaptive filtering means capable of generating a first signal representative of an estimate of an impulse response of a channel connected to the input terminal of the receiver, and convolving said first signal with the remodulated data output signal from the remodulating means to generate a resultant output data signal; and means capable of subtracting the resultant output data signal generated by the adaptive filtering means from the composite analog speech and data signal received at the input terminal of the receiver for substantially cancelling the data signal forming part of the composite received signal and generating a resultant output signal at the second output terminal of the receiver which comprises the recovered analog speech signal.
2. A receiver in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the adaptive filtering means comprises means capable of generating said first signal and convolving said first signal with the remodulated data output signal from the remodulating means; and means responsive to the resultant output signal from the subtracting means and the remodulated data output signal from the remodulating means for causing a modification of the first signal generated by the generating and convolving means for producing a resultant output data signal of the adaptive filtering means which best cancels the data signal at the second output terminal of the receiver.
3. A receiver in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the modification means of the adaptive filtering means comprises an arrangement for implementing a least mean square algorithm on sequential synchronized samples of the output signals of both the remodulating and the subtracting means for producing control signals to the generating and convolving means which converge the estimate of an impulse response of the channel connected to the input terminal of the receiver to an actual channel impulse response.
4. A receiver in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the adaptive filtering means generates a first signal which is an estimate of an impulse response of an analog transmission channel.
5. A receiver in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the received binary data signal at the input terminal is a multilevel phase shift-keyed data signal.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/483,879 US4512013A (en) | 1983-04-11 | 1983-04-11 | Simultaneous transmission of speech and data over an analog channel |
| US483,879 | 1983-04-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1215482A true CA1215482A (en) | 1986-12-16 |
Family
ID=23921872
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000451523A Expired CA1215482A (en) | 1983-04-11 | 1984-04-09 | Simultaneous transmission of speech and data over an analog channel |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4512013A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0138988B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS60501087A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1215482A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3484088D1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1209520B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1984004217A1 (en) |
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-
1983
- 1983-04-11 US US06/483,879 patent/US4512013A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1984
- 1984-04-02 EP EP84901669A patent/EP0138988B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-04-02 WO PCT/US1984/000484 patent/WO1984004217A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1984-04-02 DE DE8484901669T patent/DE3484088D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1984-04-02 JP JP59501662A patent/JPS60501087A/en active Granted
- 1984-04-09 CA CA000451523A patent/CA1215482A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-10 IT IT8420476A patent/IT1209520B/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT8420476A0 (en) | 1984-04-10 |
| EP0138988A1 (en) | 1985-05-02 |
| IT1209520B (en) | 1989-08-30 |
| US4512013A (en) | 1985-04-16 |
| EP0138988B1 (en) | 1991-02-06 |
| JPH0435090B2 (en) | 1992-06-10 |
| DE3484088D1 (en) | 1991-03-14 |
| JPS60501087A (en) | 1985-07-11 |
| EP0138988A4 (en) | 1988-04-11 |
| WO1984004217A1 (en) | 1984-10-25 |
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