CA1218103A - Electric lamp with high outer-envelope to inner- envelope wall-thickness ratio - Google Patents
Electric lamp with high outer-envelope to inner- envelope wall-thickness ratioInfo
- Publication number
- CA1218103A CA1218103A CA000448137A CA448137A CA1218103A CA 1218103 A CA1218103 A CA 1218103A CA 000448137 A CA000448137 A CA 000448137A CA 448137 A CA448137 A CA 448137A CA 1218103 A CA1218103 A CA 1218103A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- envelope
- outer envelope
- capsule
- lamp
- light
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/28—Envelopes; Vessels
- H01K1/34—Double wall vessels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
Abstract
ABSTRACT
An electric lamp having a relatively high outer-envelope to inner-envelope wall-thickness ratio whereby the risk of a containment failure of the lamp is substantially eliminated. In an alternate embodiment, the outer envelope has a concave top. In another embodiment, the neck of the outer envelope has a relatively thick wall. Lamps having a wall-thickness ratio falling within the prescribed range, i.e., approximately equal to or greater than 3, have the property that the outer envelope will contain shards of the inner light-source capsule in the unlikely event such inner capsule should burst.
An electric lamp having a relatively high outer-envelope to inner-envelope wall-thickness ratio whereby the risk of a containment failure of the lamp is substantially eliminated. In an alternate embodiment, the outer envelope has a concave top. In another embodiment, the neck of the outer envelope has a relatively thick wall. Lamps having a wall-thickness ratio falling within the prescribed range, i.e., approximately equal to or greater than 3, have the property that the outer envelope will contain shards of the inner light-source capsule in the unlikely event such inner capsule should burst.
Description
18~
24, 832 -1-electric LAMP WITH HIGH OUT~R-~VeLOP~ TO
I~E~-e~eLOP~ ~ALL-THICXN~SS RATIO
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to electric lamps and muse particularly to such lamps employing light-source capsules which operate at pressures otter than atmospheric. Still Gore particularly, this invention relates to such lamps having a relatively Howe ratio of the Allah thickness of toe outer envelope to the wall thickness of the inner envelope whereby the risk of a containment failure of the lap is substantially eliminated.
BACKGROUND ART
Tun~sten-halo~en incandescent lamps and arc discharge lamps are jell Nina; see ITS LIGHTING rLa~DBOO~, 1981 Reference Volume, Section 8. There is a small probability that a metal halide or tun~sten-halogen lamp will shatter during, operation of toe lamp. On the infrequent occasion that a law shatters, the sequence of events within the lamp is as owls: toe inner li~ht-sourc~ capsule bursts causing fragments of lass or shards to be propelled against the outer envelope; these shards cause the outer envelope of the lamp tug shatter. This type of lamp failure Jill hereinafter be referred to as a "containment failure" of thy lamp.
The causes of these infrequent containment Eailuces are awry and unpredictably. There is no known way to eliminate the possibility ox such failures. although occurrence of toe failure is rare, ne~rth01~ss it could present a safety hazard to a person in the immediate qicinlty of a lamp or a possibility of damage to nearby property. share such failure can by anticipated lamp manufacturers notify usury my means of ~arninss Dun p~cka~0s and other da~crlptiYe materials and by sues tad pr~csutions in spaciÇlcations. This ,7 ', 'I
TV
24,832 -2-hazard may be avoided by operatirlg the lamp in a fixture designed to contain such a failure The requirement that the lamp be operated in a protective fixture is Frequently employed in commercial usage.
However? this procedural safeguard is less acceptable for consumer usage.
The lighting industry is searching for a replacement for the Edison type incandescent lamp which is currently the most popular type of lamp sold in the consumer market in the United States.
Tungsten-halogen and arc discharge lamps, because of their superior performance characteristics, are being carefully considered by various lamp manufacturers as a replacement for the standard incandescent lamp. However, the remote possibility of a containment failure is a substantial impediment in the path of developing a feasible replacement in the consumer market. A tungsten-halogen lap or an arc discharge lamp which substantially eliminates the risk of a containment failure would constitute an advancement in the art Various methods have been suggested to improve the ability of tungsten halogen and arc discharge lamp to withstand a burst of the inner light-source capsule. These methods may attempt to restrict shards from impactions with the outer envelope, may reinforce the outer envelope so that it will not shatter in thy event shards are propelled against it, or may employ a combination of both techniques. The practice of applying a light-transmissi~e coating or covering on thy inside or outside surface of the outer envelop as reinforcement thereof is well known in the art. Bickered et at., in United States Patent Jo. 4,~'81,274, issued July 23, 19817 disclose an enclosure of glass surrounding the arc tube ox an arc discharge lamp as a containment device. In Canadian Patent Application 437,015-5, filed on Styler 19 7 1933, and assigned to the assign hereof, then* is disclosed a knitted wire mesh containment device surrounding the light-source capsule of an arc discharge lamp or a tungsten-halogen lamp. A light-source capsule containment device comprising lass wool being packed approximately uniformly between the light-source capsule and thy outer envelope has keen proposed.
I, 24,~32 3_ United States Patent Jo. 4,151,445, suggests that the Fisk of a containment Failure Jay substantially be eliminated in an arc discharge lamp having a miniaturized arc tube with thinner Allis.
These methods of containment generally necessitate additional hardware and result in increased costs ox manufacture. There is usually some loss of efficacy associated with these methods. In most instances, such containment devices detract from the aesthetic appearances of lamps. There is no means of containment available in the existing art for general lighting applications itch is reliable, which injures no additional manufacturing costs, which results on no measurable loss of efficacy, and which does not detract from the aesthetic quality of the lighting product.
DISCLOSURE Ox The I~V~TIO~
_ It is? therefore, an object of this invention to obviate the deficiencies in the prior art.
It is another object of this invention to provide a means ox containment for electric lamps which will substantially Eliminate the possibility of a containment failure.
Another object ox this invention is to provide an economical solution to the continent problems ox the prior art.
A further object of this invention is to provide a means of containment which does not detract from the aesthetic appearance of lays.
Another object of this invention is to provide a means of contalmnent which will cause no measurable loss ox luminous efficacy in lanes employing such means.
Still another oboe t ox this invention is to overcome a substantial impediment in the path of developing a replacement Or the standard incandescent lamp in the canonry market.
, ,:
,~, ~4,832 -4-These objects are accomplished, in one aspect of the invention, by the provision of an electric lamp comprising an outer envelope and a li~ht-source capsule mounted within the outer envelope. The outer envelope has a minimum wall thickness, The light-source capsule has a body and at least one end. The body ox the light-source capsule has a maximum wall thwackers, y, of less than approximately I millimeters. In such lamp, the ratio x/y is approximately equal to or greater than 3.
Lamps constructed as described above will contain shards of the inner light-source capsule in the unlikely event such capsule should burst Further, such lamps may be manufactured economically; they have no measurable loss of luminous efficacy; and the aesthetic appearance of such lamps is equivalent to or better than lamps currently available.
B En DESCRIPTION OF The DRUNKS
The single figure is an elevation Al cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the invention.
BEST RODE FOR CARRYING OUT THY INYEUTION
For a better understanding of the present invention, together with other and further objects, advantages, and capabilities thereof, reference is made to the following disclosure and appended claims taken in conjunction with the above describe drawings.
As used herein, the term "li~ht-sour~e capsule" denotes a tungsten-halogen incandescent capsule; an arc tube of an arc discharge lamp; or any light-emitting capsule within the outer envelope of Alamo where the light-sourc~ capsule operates at a pressure other than atmospheric and the possibility of a lamp containment failure Posts. The light-sourc~ capsule may be zither 8 single-ended or doubla-ended capsule.
The terms "contain" or "containment" as used herein meat that the outer envelope of the lap does not shatter as a result of a burst of the inner light-source capsule. Shards of the light-source capsule remain within the outer envelope.
The terms "efficacy" or "luminous efficacy" used herein are a measure of the tots luminous flux emitted by a light source over all wavelengths, expressed in Lyons per west I
24,832 -5-The figure shows lamp 10 comprising outer envelope 12 and ht-source capsule 18 being mounted within outer envelope 12, for example, on frame-assembly 24. Outer envelope 12 has a body 14 and a neck 16. Body 14 has a minimum wall thickness, x. Li~ht-source capsule 18 has a body 20 and at least one end 22. Body 20 of capsule 18 has a maximum wall thickness y, of less than approximately .9 millimeters.
In lamp 10, the ratio of xJy, which hereinafter will by referred to as the "wall-thickness ratio,`' is approximately equal to or greater than 3. When such a relationship exists, capsule 18 will be described herein as being "thin-walled" with respect to outer envelope 12, and conversely outer envelope I will be described as being "thick-walled" with respect to capsule I The prescribed range of the wall-thickness ratio insures that those comparative measures of "thick" and "thin" will be true by a factor of approximately 3 or greater.
The importance of the prescribed range of the wall thickness ratio is as follows. When a thin-walled capsule bursts into shards, each shard is relatively thin and possesses less mass than would be the case if the capsule were not thin-walled. When these low-mass shards impact with the outer envelope, the impact energy per collision is reduced because energy is proportional to mass. Thy thinner shards tend to shatter themselves thereby dissipating collision envy harmlessly. There is evidence from observations that thin-wall capsules burst into greater nabber of smaller shards than do capsules with treater wall thicknesses under similar operating conditiorls. This property of thin-wall capsules further lessens the mass per shard and consequently the energy per shard-collision with the outer envelope. The greater the number of shards impacting with the outer envelope, the more the total energy of the burst will be spread uniformly over the outer envelope. The cumulative result of these factors is that two outer envelope has the ability to contain an inner capsule burst when the wall-thicknass ratio is within the prescribed range.
24,832 -6-In an alternate embodiment of the invention, outer envelope 12 has a concave top 26 opposed to stock 16. The word "concave" means that the radius or radii of curvature of top 26 falls on the exterior of outer envelope 12. The concave shape of top 26 diverts shards an energy of a burst of capsule 18 toward base 28 where they are least likely to cause harm or damage; in so doing, top 26 shatters many shards which further dissipates burst enroot. Top 26 also reinforces outer envelope 12 above capsule 18. This region of outer envelope 12 may require reinforcement for two reasons. First, top 26 may be the portion of outer envelope 26 closest to capsule 18. Second, there is the possibility that capsule 18 may burst such that the upper portion of capsule 18, it the portion of capsule 18 closer to top 26, may be propelled against top 26. This type ox burst may occur if body 20 of capsule 18 is fractured near press seal 22. If such a fracture should occur, the high pressure within capsule 18 may propel the portion Ox capsule 18 above press seal 22 toward top 26. It is believed that the Russian of capsule lo where body 20 joins press seal 22 my by particularly susceptible to thermally induced fractures because of the substantial temperature gradient in this region caused by the high operating temperature of body I and the relatively cool operating temperature of press seal 22.
Outer envelope 12 has neck lo running from rink 28 to brim 30.
In another embodiment of the invention minimum wall thickness, I
of neck 16 is approximately equal to or treater than 2.5 millimeters. the Extra thickness of nick 16 facilitates the mounting of frame-assembly I on neck 16 by means of elastic and frictional forces Outer envelope 12 may be highly light-transmissive so that the efficacy of lamp 18 may be optimized. In other em~odi~nts, outer ~nveloye 12 has a light-diffuslve coating on an interior or exterior surface thereof; or outer envelope 12 has light-diffusive facets farmed in a surface thereof; or outer envelope 12 may employ both such coating and such facets. The term "facets" includes stippling or matte.
In laboratory examples, outer envelopes 12 were formed from soda-lime lass with concave tops I odyssey 12 had minimum wall thicknesses of approximately 1.9 millimeters. Capsules 18 were large-volume tungsten-halo~en capsules, made from alumina silicate lass, having a volume of approximately two cubic centimeters.
Bodies 20 had maximum wall thicknesses of approximately .64 millimeters. Thy operating pressures of capsules I ranted from approximately 6 to 15 atmospheres. In all examples, capsules 18 were induced to burst and outer envelops 12 contained such bursts In all examples, there was no discernible loss in luminous efficacy.
Thin-~alled capsules offer potential economies in costs of materials and construction. Capsules 18 are generally constructed from quartz or hard lass which have relatively high costs per pound. Because thin-walled capsules employ less glass per unit, a significant reduction in the cost of materials my be realized.
Also, thinner lass requires less annealing time thus producing savings in enquiry and further economies realized from faster production-line processing.
While there have been shown what are at present considered to ye the preferred embodiments of the invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made herein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims .
24, 832 -1-electric LAMP WITH HIGH OUT~R-~VeLOP~ TO
I~E~-e~eLOP~ ~ALL-THICXN~SS RATIO
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to electric lamps and muse particularly to such lamps employing light-source capsules which operate at pressures otter than atmospheric. Still Gore particularly, this invention relates to such lamps having a relatively Howe ratio of the Allah thickness of toe outer envelope to the wall thickness of the inner envelope whereby the risk of a containment failure of the lap is substantially eliminated.
BACKGROUND ART
Tun~sten-halo~en incandescent lamps and arc discharge lamps are jell Nina; see ITS LIGHTING rLa~DBOO~, 1981 Reference Volume, Section 8. There is a small probability that a metal halide or tun~sten-halogen lamp will shatter during, operation of toe lamp. On the infrequent occasion that a law shatters, the sequence of events within the lamp is as owls: toe inner li~ht-sourc~ capsule bursts causing fragments of lass or shards to be propelled against the outer envelope; these shards cause the outer envelope of the lamp tug shatter. This type of lamp failure Jill hereinafter be referred to as a "containment failure" of thy lamp.
The causes of these infrequent containment Eailuces are awry and unpredictably. There is no known way to eliminate the possibility ox such failures. although occurrence of toe failure is rare, ne~rth01~ss it could present a safety hazard to a person in the immediate qicinlty of a lamp or a possibility of damage to nearby property. share such failure can by anticipated lamp manufacturers notify usury my means of ~arninss Dun p~cka~0s and other da~crlptiYe materials and by sues tad pr~csutions in spaciÇlcations. This ,7 ', 'I
TV
24,832 -2-hazard may be avoided by operatirlg the lamp in a fixture designed to contain such a failure The requirement that the lamp be operated in a protective fixture is Frequently employed in commercial usage.
However? this procedural safeguard is less acceptable for consumer usage.
The lighting industry is searching for a replacement for the Edison type incandescent lamp which is currently the most popular type of lamp sold in the consumer market in the United States.
Tungsten-halogen and arc discharge lamps, because of their superior performance characteristics, are being carefully considered by various lamp manufacturers as a replacement for the standard incandescent lamp. However, the remote possibility of a containment failure is a substantial impediment in the path of developing a feasible replacement in the consumer market. A tungsten-halogen lap or an arc discharge lamp which substantially eliminates the risk of a containment failure would constitute an advancement in the art Various methods have been suggested to improve the ability of tungsten halogen and arc discharge lamp to withstand a burst of the inner light-source capsule. These methods may attempt to restrict shards from impactions with the outer envelope, may reinforce the outer envelope so that it will not shatter in thy event shards are propelled against it, or may employ a combination of both techniques. The practice of applying a light-transmissi~e coating or covering on thy inside or outside surface of the outer envelop as reinforcement thereof is well known in the art. Bickered et at., in United States Patent Jo. 4,~'81,274, issued July 23, 19817 disclose an enclosure of glass surrounding the arc tube ox an arc discharge lamp as a containment device. In Canadian Patent Application 437,015-5, filed on Styler 19 7 1933, and assigned to the assign hereof, then* is disclosed a knitted wire mesh containment device surrounding the light-source capsule of an arc discharge lamp or a tungsten-halogen lamp. A light-source capsule containment device comprising lass wool being packed approximately uniformly between the light-source capsule and thy outer envelope has keen proposed.
I, 24,~32 3_ United States Patent Jo. 4,151,445, suggests that the Fisk of a containment Failure Jay substantially be eliminated in an arc discharge lamp having a miniaturized arc tube with thinner Allis.
These methods of containment generally necessitate additional hardware and result in increased costs ox manufacture. There is usually some loss of efficacy associated with these methods. In most instances, such containment devices detract from the aesthetic appearances of lamps. There is no means of containment available in the existing art for general lighting applications itch is reliable, which injures no additional manufacturing costs, which results on no measurable loss of efficacy, and which does not detract from the aesthetic quality of the lighting product.
DISCLOSURE Ox The I~V~TIO~
_ It is? therefore, an object of this invention to obviate the deficiencies in the prior art.
It is another object of this invention to provide a means ox containment for electric lamps which will substantially Eliminate the possibility of a containment failure.
Another object ox this invention is to provide an economical solution to the continent problems ox the prior art.
A further object of this invention is to provide a means of containment which does not detract from the aesthetic appearance of lays.
Another object of this invention is to provide a means of contalmnent which will cause no measurable loss ox luminous efficacy in lanes employing such means.
Still another oboe t ox this invention is to overcome a substantial impediment in the path of developing a replacement Or the standard incandescent lamp in the canonry market.
, ,:
,~, ~4,832 -4-These objects are accomplished, in one aspect of the invention, by the provision of an electric lamp comprising an outer envelope and a li~ht-source capsule mounted within the outer envelope. The outer envelope has a minimum wall thickness, The light-source capsule has a body and at least one end. The body ox the light-source capsule has a maximum wall thwackers, y, of less than approximately I millimeters. In such lamp, the ratio x/y is approximately equal to or greater than 3.
Lamps constructed as described above will contain shards of the inner light-source capsule in the unlikely event such capsule should burst Further, such lamps may be manufactured economically; they have no measurable loss of luminous efficacy; and the aesthetic appearance of such lamps is equivalent to or better than lamps currently available.
B En DESCRIPTION OF The DRUNKS
The single figure is an elevation Al cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the invention.
BEST RODE FOR CARRYING OUT THY INYEUTION
For a better understanding of the present invention, together with other and further objects, advantages, and capabilities thereof, reference is made to the following disclosure and appended claims taken in conjunction with the above describe drawings.
As used herein, the term "li~ht-sour~e capsule" denotes a tungsten-halogen incandescent capsule; an arc tube of an arc discharge lamp; or any light-emitting capsule within the outer envelope of Alamo where the light-sourc~ capsule operates at a pressure other than atmospheric and the possibility of a lamp containment failure Posts. The light-sourc~ capsule may be zither 8 single-ended or doubla-ended capsule.
The terms "contain" or "containment" as used herein meat that the outer envelope of the lap does not shatter as a result of a burst of the inner light-source capsule. Shards of the light-source capsule remain within the outer envelope.
The terms "efficacy" or "luminous efficacy" used herein are a measure of the tots luminous flux emitted by a light source over all wavelengths, expressed in Lyons per west I
24,832 -5-The figure shows lamp 10 comprising outer envelope 12 and ht-source capsule 18 being mounted within outer envelope 12, for example, on frame-assembly 24. Outer envelope 12 has a body 14 and a neck 16. Body 14 has a minimum wall thickness, x. Li~ht-source capsule 18 has a body 20 and at least one end 22. Body 20 of capsule 18 has a maximum wall thickness y, of less than approximately .9 millimeters.
In lamp 10, the ratio of xJy, which hereinafter will by referred to as the "wall-thickness ratio,`' is approximately equal to or greater than 3. When such a relationship exists, capsule 18 will be described herein as being "thin-walled" with respect to outer envelope 12, and conversely outer envelope I will be described as being "thick-walled" with respect to capsule I The prescribed range of the wall-thickness ratio insures that those comparative measures of "thick" and "thin" will be true by a factor of approximately 3 or greater.
The importance of the prescribed range of the wall thickness ratio is as follows. When a thin-walled capsule bursts into shards, each shard is relatively thin and possesses less mass than would be the case if the capsule were not thin-walled. When these low-mass shards impact with the outer envelope, the impact energy per collision is reduced because energy is proportional to mass. Thy thinner shards tend to shatter themselves thereby dissipating collision envy harmlessly. There is evidence from observations that thin-wall capsules burst into greater nabber of smaller shards than do capsules with treater wall thicknesses under similar operating conditiorls. This property of thin-wall capsules further lessens the mass per shard and consequently the energy per shard-collision with the outer envelope. The greater the number of shards impacting with the outer envelope, the more the total energy of the burst will be spread uniformly over the outer envelope. The cumulative result of these factors is that two outer envelope has the ability to contain an inner capsule burst when the wall-thicknass ratio is within the prescribed range.
24,832 -6-In an alternate embodiment of the invention, outer envelope 12 has a concave top 26 opposed to stock 16. The word "concave" means that the radius or radii of curvature of top 26 falls on the exterior of outer envelope 12. The concave shape of top 26 diverts shards an energy of a burst of capsule 18 toward base 28 where they are least likely to cause harm or damage; in so doing, top 26 shatters many shards which further dissipates burst enroot. Top 26 also reinforces outer envelope 12 above capsule 18. This region of outer envelope 12 may require reinforcement for two reasons. First, top 26 may be the portion of outer envelope 26 closest to capsule 18. Second, there is the possibility that capsule 18 may burst such that the upper portion of capsule 18, it the portion of capsule 18 closer to top 26, may be propelled against top 26. This type ox burst may occur if body 20 of capsule 18 is fractured near press seal 22. If such a fracture should occur, the high pressure within capsule 18 may propel the portion Ox capsule 18 above press seal 22 toward top 26. It is believed that the Russian of capsule lo where body 20 joins press seal 22 my by particularly susceptible to thermally induced fractures because of the substantial temperature gradient in this region caused by the high operating temperature of body I and the relatively cool operating temperature of press seal 22.
Outer envelope 12 has neck lo running from rink 28 to brim 30.
In another embodiment of the invention minimum wall thickness, I
of neck 16 is approximately equal to or treater than 2.5 millimeters. the Extra thickness of nick 16 facilitates the mounting of frame-assembly I on neck 16 by means of elastic and frictional forces Outer envelope 12 may be highly light-transmissive so that the efficacy of lamp 18 may be optimized. In other em~odi~nts, outer ~nveloye 12 has a light-diffuslve coating on an interior or exterior surface thereof; or outer envelope 12 has light-diffusive facets farmed in a surface thereof; or outer envelope 12 may employ both such coating and such facets. The term "facets" includes stippling or matte.
In laboratory examples, outer envelopes 12 were formed from soda-lime lass with concave tops I odyssey 12 had minimum wall thicknesses of approximately 1.9 millimeters. Capsules 18 were large-volume tungsten-halo~en capsules, made from alumina silicate lass, having a volume of approximately two cubic centimeters.
Bodies 20 had maximum wall thicknesses of approximately .64 millimeters. Thy operating pressures of capsules I ranted from approximately 6 to 15 atmospheres. In all examples, capsules 18 were induced to burst and outer envelops 12 contained such bursts In all examples, there was no discernible loss in luminous efficacy.
Thin-~alled capsules offer potential economies in costs of materials and construction. Capsules 18 are generally constructed from quartz or hard lass which have relatively high costs per pound. Because thin-walled capsules employ less glass per unit, a significant reduction in the cost of materials my be realized.
Also, thinner lass requires less annealing time thus producing savings in enquiry and further economies realized from faster production-line processing.
While there have been shown what are at present considered to ye the preferred embodiments of the invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made herein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims .
Claims (4)
1. An electric lamp comprising:
(a) an outer envelope having a body and a neck, said body having a minimum wall thickness, x;
(b) a light-source capsule mounted within said outer envelope, said light-source capsule comprising a body and at least one end, said body of said light-source capsule having a maximum wall thickness, y, of less than approximately .9 millimeters; and (c) the ratio, x/y, being approximately equal to or greater than 3.
(a) an outer envelope having a body and a neck, said body having a minimum wall thickness, x;
(b) a light-source capsule mounted within said outer envelope, said light-source capsule comprising a body and at least one end, said body of said light-source capsule having a maximum wall thickness, y, of less than approximately .9 millimeters; and (c) the ratio, x/y, being approximately equal to or greater than 3.
2. The electric lamp of Claim 1 wherein the operating pressure within said light-source capsule is other than atmospheric pressure.
3. The electric lamp of Claim wherein said body of said outer envelope has a concave top opposed to said neck.
4. The electric lamp of Claim 3 wherein the minimum wall thickness of said neck of said outer envelope is approximately equal to or greater than 2.5 millimeters.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US469,843 | 1983-02-25 | ||
| US06/469,843 US4598225A (en) | 1983-02-25 | 1983-02-25 | Electric lamp with high outer-envelope to inner-envelope wall-thickness ratio |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1218103A true CA1218103A (en) | 1987-02-17 |
Family
ID=23865254
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000448137A Expired CA1218103A (en) | 1983-02-25 | 1984-02-23 | Electric lamp with high outer-envelope to inner- envelope wall-thickness ratio |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4598225A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE898996A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8400803A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1218103A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3406820C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2541822B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2135820B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1173346B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL192855C (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1243723A (en) * | 1984-09-17 | 1988-10-25 | Peter R. Gagnon | Electric lamp including a containment coating as part thereof |
| US4835443A (en) * | 1986-12-16 | 1989-05-30 | Gte Products Corporation | High voltage hard glass halogen capsule |
| DE3752040T2 (en) * | 1986-12-16 | 1997-10-30 | Gte Prod Corp | Compact double filament with use of the slope for bending control |
| CA1305995C (en) * | 1987-08-28 | 1992-08-04 | William M. Keeffe | Double-enveloped lamp having a shield surrounding a light-source capsule within a thick-walled outer envelope |
| US4942330A (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1990-07-17 | Gte Products Corporation | Lamp assembly utilizing shield and ceramic fiber mesh for containment |
| GB2245417B (en) * | 1990-04-20 | 1994-06-08 | Koito Mfg Co Ltd | Discharge lamp device |
| US5220235A (en) * | 1990-04-20 | 1993-06-15 | Koito Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Discharge lamp device |
| US5670840A (en) * | 1992-11-12 | 1997-09-23 | Lanese; Gustino J. | Tungsten-halogen incandescent lamp with reduced risk of containment failure |
| TW353189B (en) * | 1994-04-21 | 1999-02-21 | Gen Electric | Filament lamp with improved performance |
| US6133676A (en) * | 1997-09-10 | 2000-10-17 | Chen; Chun Tsun | Double-enveloped halogen bulb provided with protuberances in the outer surface of the envelope |
| JP4649409B2 (en) | 2003-08-18 | 2011-03-09 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | High pressure discharge lamp |
| CA2540418A1 (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2006-09-24 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | High-pressure discharge lamp |
| US8319411B2 (en) | 2008-12-30 | 2012-11-27 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Lamp assembly with snap-in capsule clip |
| DE102009051537A1 (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-05-05 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Burner-protected lamp |
| USD732238S1 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2015-06-16 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Lamp housing |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL41741C (en) * | 1934-01-12 | |||
| DE717482C (en) * | 1935-02-16 | 1942-02-16 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Naturally cooled, electric high-pressure discharge tubes used to emit radiation with a filling of mercury vapor and a gas to facilitate ignition, with solid glow electrodes, preferably heated by the discharge itself, and with a cover made of refractory, radiolucent material, for example quartz |
| BE430474A (en) * | 1937-10-04 | |||
| BE434243A (en) * | 1938-05-10 | |||
| GB525657A (en) * | 1939-02-24 | 1940-09-02 | Paul Stoppel | Improvements in or relating to electrical mining lamps |
| US3209192A (en) * | 1960-12-29 | 1965-09-28 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Decorative electric lamp with specular coating |
| US3136913A (en) * | 1961-08-18 | 1964-06-09 | Goodman Howard | Sealed electric lamp having envelope with light diffusing and focusing characteristics |
| DE1251432B (en) * | 1962-06-18 | |||
| FR1358923A (en) * | 1962-06-18 | 1964-04-17 | Lampes Sa | Improvements to electric lamps and their construction |
| US3138731A (en) * | 1962-09-12 | 1964-06-23 | Norman C Beese | Sealed beam high-intensity short arc lamp |
| GB1054423A (en) * | 1963-04-22 | |||
| US3479548A (en) * | 1966-07-06 | 1969-11-18 | Airequipt Inc | Enveloped quartz iodine lamp |
| US4015158A (en) * | 1974-08-30 | 1977-03-29 | General Electric Company | Bromine lamp with molybdenum parts |
| GB2019718B (en) * | 1977-12-09 | 1982-08-04 | Chalmers & Mitchell Ltd | Enclosures for electrical equipment |
| US4151445A (en) * | 1978-02-15 | 1979-04-24 | General Electric Company | Instant light lamp control circuit |
| GB2041641B (en) * | 1979-02-05 | 1982-11-17 | Thorn Electrical Ind Ltd | Gls tungsten-filament incandescent lamp |
| EP0015026B1 (en) * | 1979-02-19 | 1983-05-25 | Heinz Sovilla | Incandescent lamp |
| US4281274A (en) * | 1979-08-01 | 1981-07-28 | General Electric Co. | Discharge lamp having vitreous shield |
| US4355261A (en) * | 1980-12-15 | 1982-10-19 | Gte Products Corporation | Discharge lamp with integral starter |
| ZA822576B (en) * | 1981-04-27 | 1983-03-30 | Ocenco Inc | Incandescent and fluorescent caplight device |
-
1983
- 1983-02-25 US US06/469,843 patent/US4598225A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1984
- 1984-02-17 BR BR8400803A patent/BR8400803A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-02-23 IT IT19757/84A patent/IT1173346B/en active
- 1984-02-23 CA CA000448137A patent/CA1218103A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-02-24 GB GB08404839A patent/GB2135820B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-02-24 NL NL8400580A patent/NL192855C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-02-24 BE BE2/60350A patent/BE898996A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-02-24 DE DE3406820A patent/DE3406820C2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-02-24 FR FR8402876A patent/FR2541822B1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT8419757A0 (en) | 1984-02-23 |
| FR2541822B1 (en) | 1987-02-13 |
| DE3406820A1 (en) | 1984-10-04 |
| NL192855B (en) | 1997-11-03 |
| NL8400580A (en) | 1984-09-17 |
| GB2135820B (en) | 1987-02-11 |
| DE3406820C2 (en) | 1995-03-23 |
| BR8400803A (en) | 1984-10-02 |
| GB8404839D0 (en) | 1984-03-28 |
| GB2135820A (en) | 1984-09-05 |
| FR2541822A1 (en) | 1984-08-31 |
| US4598225A (en) | 1986-07-01 |
| NL192855C (en) | 1998-03-04 |
| IT1173346B (en) | 1987-06-24 |
| BE898996A (en) | 1984-06-18 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |