CA1222313A - Needle with ultrasonically reflective displacement scale - Google Patents

Needle with ultrasonically reflective displacement scale

Info

Publication number
CA1222313A
CA1222313A CA000415411A CA415411A CA1222313A CA 1222313 A CA1222313 A CA 1222313A CA 000415411 A CA000415411 A CA 000415411A CA 415411 A CA415411 A CA 415411A CA 1222313 A CA1222313 A CA 1222313A
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
probe
gas trapping
gas
major
trapping means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA000415411A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Francis J. Fry
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Indianapolis Center for Advanced Research Inc
Original Assignee
Indianapolis Center for Advanced Research Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Indianapolis Center for Advanced Research Inc filed Critical Indianapolis Center for Advanced Research Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1222313A publication Critical patent/CA1222313A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L31/18—Materials at least partially X-ray or laser opaque
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3403—Needle locating or guiding means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/08—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings
    • A61B8/0833—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings involving detecting or locating foreign bodies or organic structures
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/08—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings
    • A61B8/0833—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings involving detecting or locating foreign bodies or organic structures
    • A61B8/0841—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings involving detecting or locating foreign bodies or organic structures for locating instruments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B17/22004—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves
    • A61B2017/22027—Features of transducers
    • A61B2017/22028—Features of transducers arrays, e.g. phased arrays
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3403—Needle locating or guiding means
    • A61B2017/3413—Needle locating or guiding means guided by ultrasound
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/06—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2090/061—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring dimensions, e.g. length
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/06—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2090/062—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for penetration depth
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
    • A61B2090/3925—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers ultrasonic

Abstract

ABSTRACT

A puncturing device for insertion into the body, which has an ultrasonically coded displacement scale of gaseous inclusions regularly spaced along the length of the device. Owing to the acoustic reflectiveness of the gaseous inclusions, the precise location of the puncturing device can be directly and readily detected by an ultrasound visualization system. The acoustically reflective displacement scale enables the calibration of distances to be made directly from the ultrasound viewing screen. Located at the tip of the puncturing device is a gaseous inclusion which reveals the precise location of the tip of the device in the body.

Description

1. Field of the Invention. The field of the invention is puncturing devices for insertion into the body. More particularly, the field of ~he invention is such devices which are inserted into ~he body under the guidance of an ultrasound visualization system.
2. Brief Description of the Prior Art. It is known in the prior art to insert a puncturing cannula into the body under the guidance of an ul~rasound visualization system aimed at the area of puncture. U.S. Patent No. 3,556,079 to Omizo and U.S. Patent No.
4,029,084 to Soldner are two patents relating to ultrasonically guided puncturing cannula apparatus.
Under certain circumstances however, the needle can not be directly viewed by the ultrasound visualization system. For instance, at the point of entry into the body the puncturing cannula is typically not within the scanning region of the ultrasound system. U.S. Patent No. 4,058,114 to Soldner discloses an ultrasound puncturing guidance system which utilizes an aiming piD, superimposed over the viewing screen, to aid in the aiming and locating of the puncturing needle. Patent No. 4,058,114 also discloses the use of a displacement scale system in which the needle position and distance calibration are indirectly determined by referring to displacement markings on the aiming pin.
The needle is sometimes not visible on the viewing screen even when it is within the scanning region. This is because the difference in the reflective properties of the needle and the surrounding tissue is sometimes not sufficient enough to make the needle distinguishable. The tendency of the needle to disappear on the viewing screen is accentuated at sharper angles oE insertion into the body (approaching 90 with respect to the body surface --depending on the area being probed, the needle may become difEicult ~

~Z223~

to detect at an ang7e of incidence of as little as ~5 or less).
The needle may also disappear from the viewing sereen if it bends slightly away from the scanning plane during the insertion process.
The present invention relates to the enhancement of the viewability of puncturing devices within the body by ultra-sound visualization systems, and to distance calibration during ultrasound scanning procedures. In certain embodiments, a puncturing device for insertion into the body is ultrasonically coded by gaseous inclusions -that are regularly spaced along the length of the device. The acoustical reflectiveness of the gaseous inclusions enhances the direct detection of the puncturing device within the body by an ultrasound visualization system. Collectively, the inclusions constitute an acoustically reflective displacement scale tha-t enables the calibration of distances -to be made directly from the ultrasound viewing screen. A gaseous inclusion at the tip of the puncturing device reveals the precise location of the tip in the body.
Thus, in aecordance with one broad aspect of the invention, there is provided a probe for insertion into the body, said probe eomprising: an elongated probe body having a distal end and a proximal end, penetrating means for penetrating said probe body into the body, said penetrating means ineluding a penetrating tip located at the distal end of said probe body, and acoustic reflector means, located at the penetrating tipl for creating a spot of high acoustic reflectiveness at said penetrating tip, said acoustic reflector ~2~23~

means including gaseous inclusion means for trapping a gas pocket within said probe, whereby the location of the tip of said probe can be readily detected by an ultrasound visualiza-tion system.
In accordance with another broad aspect of the invention there is provided a surgical pu:ncturing device comprising: a) a hollow puncturing cannula; b) a stylette, slidably received by said puncturing cannula, said stylette being suitable for insertion into the body in combination with said puncturing cannula; and c) ultrasonically reflective displacement scale means for incorporating in said puncturing device an ultrasonically reflective displacement scale that is detectible by an ultrasound visualization system, said means including a plurality of gas trapping means for trapping gas pockets within said puncturing device, said plurality of gas trapping means being regularly spaced along said puncturing device.
In accordance with another broad aspect of the invention there is providedaprobe for insertion into the body, said probe comprising: an elongated probe body, penetrating means for penetrating said probe body into the body; and ultra-sonically reflective displacement scale means for incorporating in said probe an ultrasonically reflective displacement scale that is detectible by an ultrasound visualization system, said ultrasonically reflective displacement scale means including a plurality of gas trapping means for trapping gas poc]cets within said probe body, said plurality of gas trapping means being regularly spaced along said probe body.
- 2a -
3~3 Further objects and advantages will become apparent from a reading of the following disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a side view of an ultrasound transducer apparatus in position for viewing the internal structure of a portion of the body. Mounted to the transducer apparatus is an adjustable cannula guide which is slidably receiving a puncturing device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a viewing screen which is displaying internal body structure by means of ultrasound visualization.
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary, partially sectioned view of the puncturing device of FIG. 1 having an acoustically reflective displacement scale which includes regularly spaced gaseous inclusions within its stylette.

- 2b -~ Z ~ ~ 3 ~ 3 FIG. 4 is a fragmentary, partially sectioned view of a second puncturing device having regularlv spaced annular grooves on its stylette.
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary, partia]]y sectioned view of a third puncturing device which includes regularly spaced annular grooves on the interior surface of the puncturing cannula.
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary, side view of a puncturing needle in which the acoustically reflective displacement scale includes annular grooves on the outside of the needle.
For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended, such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated device, and such further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated therein being contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.
Referring now to the drawings, in FIG. 1 an ultrasound transducer apparatus 60 is being applied to the body of a patient.
A linear phased array of transducers 61 sequentially transmit ultrasound pulses into the body and receive echos therefrom. The sequential excitation of the transducers is controlled by, and the resulting echoes are processed by, ultrasound visualization circuitry (not shown) through cable 62.
Mounted to transducer apparatus 60 is guide apparatus 70. Guide apparatus 70 includes rotatable mounting plate 71 which allows a rocking motion between guide 70 and transducer 60 (relative rotational motion about the longitudinal axis of bar 72). This ~ 3~ ~
rocking capability aids the tecbnician in maintaining the inserted needle 10 along the scanning plane. Attached to bar 72 is knob 73.
Knob 73 is slidable along bar 72 and can be tightened to any desired position along bar 72. When fixed in position, knob 73 also sets the approach angle of tube 74, whereby the angle of insertion of puncturing device 10 into the body can be selected. Puncturing device 10 is slidably received by guiding tube 74 and inserted into the body.
Puncturing device 10 incorporates an acoustically reflective displacement scale, thereby enhancing its detectability by ultrasound and providing direct distance calibration during scanning procedures. FIG. 3 illustrates the manner in which the acoustically reElective displacement scale is incorporated by puncturing device 10. Puncturing device 10 includes a hollow puncturing needle 11 and a stylette 12 which is slidably received by needle 11. Needle 11 and stylette 12 are inserted, in combination, into the body.
Gaseous inclusions are regularly spaced within stylette 12 along its length.
The acoustic reElectiveness of the gaseous inclusions makes the precise location oE device 10 within the body clearly detectable by an ultrasound visualigation system. Gaseous inclusion 13a is positioned directly at the tip of stylette 12, thereby enhancing the visuali~ation of the tip of the needle. Collectively, the gaseous inclusions form an acoustically reflective displacement scale, whereby the calibra~ion of distances can be made directly on an ultrasound viewing screen. For instance, inclusion 13a and 13b a-re spaced apart 5 cln. Likewise, inclusion 13b and 13c are also spaced apart 5 cm. Minor gaseous inclusions 14 trap less gas, and therefore are not as reflective as, inclusions 13a, 13b, and 13c.
~0 ~ ~ 2 ~ 3~ ~
Inclusions 14 are regularly spaced at intervals oE 1 cm. between inclusions 13a and 13b7 and between inclusions 13b and 13c, thereby completing the acoustically reflective displacement scale.
FIG. 2 represents the manner in which tlle displaying of puncturing device 10 on an ultrasound visuali~ation screen ~3 is enhanced by its acoustically reflective displacement scale.
Regularly spaced illuminations 94, corresponding to inclusions 14, reveal the position of the puncturing device 10 within the body.
Enlarged illumination 93a corresponds to inclusion 13a and indicates the position of the tip of stylette 12. Subsequent enlarged illuminations 93b and 93c correspond to inclusions 13b and 13c.
Because the inclusions are regularly spaced within stylette along its length in the format of a displacement scale, distances can be readily ascertained directly from viewing screen ~y making reference to the iluminations on the screen.
FIG. 4 discloses a puncturing device 20 which includes a needle 21 and stylette 22 combination similar to device 10 in FI~. 3, however the acoustically reflective displacement scale is incorporated ~n device 20 by annular grooves on stylette 22 rather than by inclusions within the stylette. Grooves 24 are regularly spaced at 1 cm. intervals. 5 cm. spacing is denoted by grooves pairs 23a, 23b, and 23c.
FIG. 5 discloses a third type of puncturing device 30 incorporating an acoustically reElective displacement scale. In FIG. 5 annular grooves (including single grooves 34 spaced apart 1 cm. and groove pairs 33a, 33b, 33c with 5 cm. spacing) on the inside of hollow puncturing needle 31 formulate the displacement scale.
Gas bubbles are trapped between stylette 32 and needle 31 in the grooves, thereby creating points of high acoustic reflectiveness which can be readily detected by an ultrasound visualization system and appear as illuminations on an ultrasound viewing screen, such as screen 63. Puncturing device 20 of FIG. 4 also creates points of high acoustic reflectiveness by trapping ga~ bubbles in grooves between the stylette (22) and the needle (21).
In FIG. 6, hollow puncturing needle 40 has annular grooves (i.e.
groove pairs 43a, 43b, and 43c, and grooves 44) on its outside surface which are regularly spaced to form an acoustically reflective displacement scaleO In this embodiment, gas bubbles are lQ trapped in ~he grooves between needle 40 and the surrounding body tissue.
While there have been described above the principles of this invention in connection with specific apparatus and techniques, it is to be clearly understood that this description is made only by way of example and not as a limitation to the scope oE the invention.

Claims (15)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A probe for insertion into the body, said probe comprising: an elongated probe body having a distal end and a proximal end, penetrating means for penetrating said probe body into the body, said penetrating means including a penetrating tip located at the distal end of said probe body;
and acoustic reflector means, located at the penetrating tip, for creating a spot of high acoustic reflectiveness at said penetrating tip, said acoustic reflector means including gaseous inclusion means for trapping a gas pocket within said probe, whereby the location of the tip of said probe can be readily detected by an ultrasound visualization system.
2. The probe of claim 1 additionally comprising a series of acoustic reflector means for creating spots of high acoustic reflectiveness, said series of acoustic reflector means being spaced along said probe.
3. The probe of claim 2 in which said series of acoustic reflector means includes major reflector means and minor reflector means, said major reflector means having higher acoustic reflectiveness than said minor reflector means, said major reflector means being spaced at regular intervals along said probe, said minor reflector means being spaced at regular intervals between adjacent major reflector means.
4. The probe of claim 3 in which said major reflector means are spaced apart at intervals of about 5 cm. and said minor reflector are spaced apart at intervals of about 1 cm.
5. A surgical puncturing device comprising:
a) a hollow puncturing cannula;
b) a stylette, slidably received by said puncturing cannula, said stylette being suitable for insertion into the body in combination with said puncturing cannula; and c) ultrasonically reflective displacement scale means for incorporating in said puncturing device an ultrasonically reflective displacement scale that is detectible by an ultrasound visualization system, said means including a plurality of gas trapping means for trapping gas pockets within said puncturing device, said plurality of gas trapping means being regularly spaced along said puncturing device.
6. The surgical puncturing device of claim 5 in which said gas trapping means include a series of cavities within said stylette.
7. The surgical puncturing device of claim 5 in which said gas trapping means include a series of annular grooves in said stylette.
8. The surgical puncturing device of claim 5 in which said gas trapping means include a series of annular grooves on the interior of said hollow puncturing cannula.
9. The surgical puncturing device of claim 5 in which said gas trapping means include major gas trapping means and minor gas trapping means, said major gas trapping means including means for trapping more gas than is trapped by said minor gas trapping means, said major gas trapping means being spaced at regular intervals along said surgical puncturing device, said minor gas trapping means being spaced apart at regular intervals between adjacent major gas trapping means.
10. The surgical puncturing device of claim 5 in which the spacing between adjacent gas trapping means is about one centimeter.
11. The surgical puncturing device of claim 9 in which said major gas trapping means are spaced apart at intervals of about 5 cm. and said minor gas trapping means are spaced at intervals of about 1 cm.
12. A probe for insertion into the body, said probe comprising: an elongated probe body, penetrating means for penetrating said probe body into the body; and ultrasonically reflective displacement scale means for incorporating in said probe an ultrasonically reflective displacement scale that is detectible by an ultrasound visualization system, said ultra-sonically reflective displacement scale means including a plurality of gas trapping means for trapping gas pockets within said probe body, said plurality of gas trapping means being regularly spaced along said probe body.
13. The probe of claim 12 in which the spacing between adjacent gas trapping means are spaced apart approximately one centimeter.
14. The probe of claim 12 in which said gas trapping means include major gas trapping means and minor gas trapping means, said major gas trapping means including means for trapping more gas then is trapped by said minor gas trapping means, said major gas trapping means being spaced apart at regular intervals along said probe body, said minor gas trapping means being spaced apart at regular intervals between adjacent major gas trapping means.
15. The probe of claim 12 in which said major gas trapping means are spaced apart at intervals of about 5 cm.
and said minor gas trapping means are spaced at intervals of about 1 cm.
CA000415411A 1981-11-18 1982-11-12 Needle with ultrasonically reflective displacement scale Expired CA1222313A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/322,538 US4582061A (en) 1981-11-18 1981-11-18 Needle with ultrasonically reflective displacement scale
US322,538 1989-03-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1222313A true CA1222313A (en) 1987-05-26

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Country Status (3)

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US (1) US4582061A (en)
CA (1) CA1222313A (en)
MX (1) MX157579A (en)

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