CA1244091A - Balloon catheter - Google Patents

Balloon catheter

Info

Publication number
CA1244091A
CA1244091A CA000441530A CA441530A CA1244091A CA 1244091 A CA1244091 A CA 1244091A CA 000441530 A CA000441530 A CA 000441530A CA 441530 A CA441530 A CA 441530A CA 1244091 A CA1244091 A CA 1244091A
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
balloon
artery
light
energy
blood
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA000441530A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
J. Richard Spears
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Inc
Original Assignee
Beth Israel Hospital Association
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Beth Israel Hospital Association filed Critical Beth Israel Hospital Association
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1244091A publication Critical patent/CA1244091A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
    • A61M25/104—Balloon catheters used for angioplasty
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
    • A61B18/22—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor
    • A61B18/24—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor with a catheter
    • A61B18/245—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor with a catheter for removing obstructions in blood vessels or calculi
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00681—Aspects not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/00694—Aspects not otherwise provided for with means correcting for movement of or for synchronisation with the body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/22038—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for with a guide wire
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/22051—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for with an inflatable part, e.g. balloon, for positioning, blocking, or immobilisation
    • A61B2017/22057—Optical properties
    • A61B2017/22059—Optical properties transparent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/22082—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for after introduction of a substance
    • A61B2017/22085—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for after introduction of a substance light-absorbing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/22082—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for after introduction of a substance
    • A61B2017/22087—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for after introduction of a substance photodynamic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
    • A61B18/22—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor
    • A61B2018/2255—Optical elements at the distal end of probe tips
    • A61B2018/2261—Optical elements at the distal end of probe tips with scattering, diffusion or dispersion of light
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/30—Devices for illuminating a surgical field, the devices having an interrelation with other surgical devices or with a surgical procedure
    • A61B2090/306—Devices for illuminating a surgical field, the devices having an interrelation with other surgical devices or with a surgical procedure using optical fibres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Abstract

ABSTRACT

A treatment of atherosclerosis in a mammal by destruction of atheromatous plaque is disclosed, which includes injecting a hematoporphyrin into the mammal for selective uptake into the atheromatous plaque, and deli-vering light to the diseased vessel so that the light activates the hematoporphyrin for lysis of the plaque. A
balloon catheter for carrying out the method is equipped with flexible optical fibres for transmission of light from an external source for illumination of the interior of the inflated balloon. By inflation of the balloon, the opaque blood between the balloon and the atheromatous plaque is displaced to faciliatate activation of the hematoporphyrin. The balloon may be illuminated and in-flated and deflated in a cycle responsive to the patient's pulse so as to minimize interference with blood flow.

Description

09~

Atherosclerosis is a coronary diseas wherein fatty substances (lipids), hereinafter referred to as atheromatous plaques, form deposits in and beneath the intima which is the innermost membrane linin~ arteries and veins. Atherosclerosis tends to involve large and medium sized arteries. Most commonlv affected are the aorta and the iliac, femoral, coronary, and cerebral ar-teries. Clinical symptoms occur because the mass of the atherosclerotic plaque reduces blood flow through the involved artery and thereby compromises tissue or organ function distal to it.

Modern treatment of atherosclerosis revolves around highly sophisticated coronary care units. In ~eneral, modern medicine follows one of two approaches to the care of patients suffering from atherosclerotic complications: either (l) the diseased vascular segments are replaced with prosthetic or natural grafts, even go-ing as far as heart transplantation or (2) drugs such as antiarrhythmic a~ents, anticoayulants and plasma lipid lowerin~ a~ents are administered to enable the patient to live with -the condition. Neither approach contemplates a cure of the diseased members.

The present invention provides for ~reatment of a main artery or other blood vessel aEflicted with athero-sclerosis, using a method which involves administrationof a hematoporphyrin, preferably by intravenous injection, to the mammal to be treated. The hematoporphyrin so administered is selectively absorbed into the atheroma-tous plaque, with little or no absorption into healthy areas of the arterial wall. Upon illumination of the atheromatous plaque, containing absorbed hematoporphyrin, the hematoporphyrin is activated and destroys the host atheromatous plaque tissue. Illumination of the plaque is achieved by catheterization of the patient with a light emittin~ catheter inserted into the diseased artery -~2~9~

or other vessel so that the light emitting portion of the catheter is adjacent the antheromatous pla~ue.

According to the invention, there is provided a balloon catheter for use in applying energy"to a wall of an artery for medical treatment, said catheter compris-ing a tube defining a lumen; an inflatable balloon secured to the distal end of said tube for inflation from a remote source of fluid, said balloon being configured so that said tube may be navigated through the artery when deflated and allow blood flow while said tube is being navigated with the balloon in a deflated state and also configured to displace blood within the artery when inflated; fibre optic means connect~ble to an energy source at the proximal end and extending through said lumen to emit energy into the balloon :Eor transmission of energy from an external energy source to the interior of said balloon; and means Eor di~fusing energy in optical communication with said fibre optic means and being within said balloon so tha-t energy transmitted into said balloon via the fi.bre optic means may be applied through said balloon to the walls oE the artery surrounding said balloon.

The inflatable balloon and fibre optic means enable the transmission of light to be synchroni~ed for intermittent displacement of blood from a selected site in an artery at the same time as light is transmitted so as to allow prolonged exposure of the site to the trans-mitted light and to enable the treatment of the walls of the artery without compromising the patient from disrup-tion of blood flow.

Use of such a balloon catheter provides fordisplacement of the light opaque blood between the exter-nal balloon surface and the atherosclerosis plaque by inflation of the balloon. Use of the preferred catheter also allows for intermittent and cyclical illumination and inflation/deflation of the balloon so as to minimize interruption of blood flow to the vital organs and to avoid potential problems attendent to heating of the balloon material and the blood of the mammal undergoing treatment.

. . ~
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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of use of the pre-ferred catheter, inserted into a main artery of a patient, for treatment of atherosclerosis in accordance with the present invention; and Fig. 2 is a schematic represen~ation of the use of a second type of illuminating catheter in the treatment of atherosclerosis in accordance wi~h the present inventionO

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODDMENTS
The term "hematoporphyrin", as used herein, is intended to encompass hematoporphyrin and its derivatives which are preferentially taken up into atheromatous plaque and which respond to a source of light to destroy the host cell tissue.

The preerred hematoporphyrin is the acetic acid-sulfuric acid derivative of hematoporphyrin prepared, for example, as described by Richard L. Lipson and Edward J. Baldes in "The Photodynamic Properties of a Particular Hematoporphyrin Derivative", Arch. Derm. 82t4) 508-516, 1960 and by Richard ~.
Lipson et al in "The Use of a Derivative of Hel~atoporphyrin in Tumor Detection", J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 26(1):1-8, 1961. In general the method of Lipson et al involves admixing a "crude"
recrystallized hematoporphyrin with a mixture of l9 parts glacial acetic acid and one part ooncentrated sulfuric acid, followed by filtration to separate and remove the undissolved residue. The solution is then neutralized, e.g. with ~ 3% sodium acetate solution, to precipitate out the hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD). This hematoporphyrin derivative is recogniz~d by the trade designation HPD and is oomTercially available from Oncology Research and Development, Inc. In practicing the present invention, the HPD is used in the ~ommercial form and is not diluted in any way.

89~

Sanderson et al, in "Hematoporphyrin as a Diagnostic Tool" Cancer 30(5) 1368-72 (1972) report that this hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) shows maximum fluorescence upon illumination with violet light within a wave length range of about 400 to 410 nm. HPD exhibits wide band absorbtion at about 500 nm with small peaks at about 635 nm. For the purposes of the present invention, the preferred activating illumina-tion for the hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) is a monochromic red light at abou-t 635 nanometers because light at this wavelength penetrates tissue; and, -the preferred source for such illumination is a dye laser.

It has been well know for may years tha-t HPD accumulates in malignant tumors after intravenous injection and the HPD fluorescence, upon exposure to ultraviolet light, facili-tating tumor localiza-tion. The aEorementioned articles by Lipson et al report on such findings. More recently, the cytotoxic effect of HPD activated by light has been used to destroy malignant tumors in man as well as :in animals. S:Lnce normal tissues surrounding malignant tumors absorb relat:ively small amounts oE HPD, little or no damage to these ti~ssues occurs upon exposure to light. See, e.g. "Photoradiation in -the Treatment of Recurrent Breast Carcinoma", T.J. Dougherty et al, J.
Natl, Cancer Inst. 62(2):231-237 (1979).

It recently has been discovered -tha-t HPD is selectively concentrated in atheromatous plaques in the aor-ta of rabbits following intravenous injection. Atheromatous plaques were found to fluoresce strongly when exposed to ultraviole-t light, while the normal plaque-free aortic wall demonstrated no fluorescence. Since atheromatous plaques consist primarily of cells which are engorged with lipids and other materials, destruction of these cells by photactivation of HPD results in lysis of such plaques.

9~

.. .
-It is believed that, upon exposure to activating illumination, the hematoporphyrin produces singlet oxygen which causes oe ll destructionO Thus, the present invention involves photodynamic destruction of the atheromatous plaques by activation of plaque-absorbed hematoporphyrin by a process which may be characterized as photoa~herolysis The preferred catheter of the invention is illustrated in Fig. 1. In the representation of Fig. 1 the ~all of the main artery undergoing treatment is represented by the numeral 10.
For treatmen~, the mammal is catheterized with Lnsertion of the light-emitting portion of the catheter into the diseased blood vessel to a position adjacent the deposit of atheromatous plaque to be lysed. Fig. 1 depicts the preferred catheter positioned in this ma M er. The preferred catheter includes a lumen tube 12 and a balloon m~mber 14 affixed to its distal end with the interior of the balloon opening into the lumen of the catheter tube. Fig.
1 depicts the balloon 14 in its inflated state with its exterior surface in direct contact with the athercmatous plaque 16 to be lysed. The deflated state of the balloon is indicated by the dotted line 18. Inflation of the balloon is provided for by the lumen of the catheter which i5 in fluid oommunication with the interior of the balloon and which may be 03nnected, at its opposite end, to a source of pressurized gas. At least one optical fiber 20 is provided for transmitting light from an external source to liquid 22 contained in a hollow glass fiber 24. The liquid 22, for example one of many refractive index liquids oammercially available from Cargille Laboratories, functions to transmit and scatter light throughout the interior of b,alloon 14. A movable guidewire 28 extends through the center of the lumen of the catheter tube and through the center of the hollow glass fiber. The distal end of the guidewire 28 extends a variable distance bey~nd the distal end of the b,alloon 14.

~-z~

~J
Fig. 2 depicts ~he use of a catheter which is not provided wi~h a balloon but which is otherwise similar. In Fig.
2, corresponding oomponents of the catheter are represented by like numerals. A catheter of this design may be particularly advantageous for use in small vessels, such as coronary arteries, wherein displacement of the ~elatively small volume of blood with a balloon may be unnecessary for light to ke transmitted to a plaque.

A particularly advantageous feature o the preferred catheter illustrated in Fig. 1 is the capability for delivering light to the plaque in an intern,ittent fashion. Intermittent light transmission, synchronized with intermittent ballcon inflation, is advantageous when a prolonged exposure of a plaque to light within and to a vital organ is required. For example, inflation of the balloon with a low viscosity gas during only one part of each cardiac cycle, may be performed utilizing counterpulsation circulatory assist devicest and can be synchronized with light transmission, so that a long total, additive exposure of a plaque to light may be achieved without significant oampromise of blood flow. Although light may be transmitted oontinuously along the optical fiber and exposure of the plaque to light would then occur only when inflation of the balloon is sufficiently great to displace intervening blood, intermittent transmission of the light along the fiber would be advantageous when the light intensity required would result in heating the balloon material and/or blocd. For example, a thick plaque may require an intense light in order to activate HPD deep within the plaque. The heat produced by the light could adver~ely affect the balloon ~aterial and/or blood within the artery. Intermittent transmission of light would allow both the balloon material and the gas within the balloon- to be oooled intermittently ~y the flow of blood past the balloon during balloon deflation. A period cf 30 minutes or more may be ~2~

required to photoactivate HPD deep within a plaque. How-ever, obstruction of blood flow with the balloon inflated continuously for such a length of ti.me cannot be performed within arteries to vital organs without deliterious ef-fects. In such a case ECG-gated, intermittent balloon inflation, as is commonly performed with an intro-aortic balloon used in a counterpulsation circulatory assist device, may be employed so as not.to interfere with blood flow to vital organs, while at the same time permitting a prolonged exposure of a plaque to light.

Others skilled in the art of fabrication of optical fibres and catheters may proffer many modifica-tions of the basic design of the preferred catheter. For example, the optical fibre 20 may terminate without coupling to any other fibre; a properly designed lens at the terminal end of the optical fibre 20 might be used to disperse light over the internal surface of the artery.
Alternatively, the optical fibre 20 may be coupled, at its distal end, to a speciall~ designed solid fibre which would be used to disperse light along all or a portion of its leng-th.

!ii'

Claims (8)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A balloon catheter for displacing blood within an artery to enable the wall of the artery to be illuminated for medical treatment while reducing the amount of light loss through the blood which would other-wise occur, comprising:
a tube defining a lumen, said tube being configured to navigate an artery;
an inflatable balloon secured to one end of said tube for inflation from a remote source of gas, said balloon being configured so as not to interfere with the navigation of said tube through the artery when deflated and allow blood flow while said tube is being navigated with the balloon in a deflated state and also configured to displace blood within the artery when inflated; and fibre optic means connectable to a light source at the proximal end and extending through said lumen into the balloon for transmission of light from an external light source to the interior of said balloon and to the walls of the artery for illuminating the walls of the artery, when blood is displaced, with an intensity greater than would be the case when blood is present in the artery;
said balloon and fibre optic means enabling the walls to be illuminated by displacing blood so that the light from the fibre optic means reaches the wall of the artery for treatment of atheromatous plaque; and said inflatable balloon and said fibre optic means enabling the transmission of light to be synchro-nized for intermittent displacement of blood from a selected site in an artery at the same time as light is transmitted so as to allow prolonged exposure of the site to the transmitted light and to enable the treatment of the walls of the artery without compromising the patient from disruption of blood flow.
2. The balloon catheter of Claim 1, further comprising:
a guide wire to which the distal end of said balloon is affixed;
an elongated hollow member within and coexten-sive with the length of said balloon and forming an optical junction with said fibre optic means; and a liquid filling said elongated hollow member for scattering light throughout the interior of said balloon and to the walls of the artery.
3. A balloon catheter for use in applying energy to a wall of an artery for medical treatment, said catheter comprising:
a tube defining a lumen;
an inflatable balloon secured to the distal end of said tube for inflation from a remote source of fluid, said balloon being configured so that said tube may be navigated through the artery when deflated and allow blood flow while said tube is being navigated with the balloon in a deflated state and also configured to displace blood within the artery when inflated;
fibre optic means connectable to an energy source at the proximal end and extending through said lumen to emit energy into the balloon for transmission of energy from an external energy source to the interior of said balloon; and means for diffusing energy in optical communi-cation with said fibre optic means and being within said balloon so that energy transmitted into said balloon via the fibre optic means may be applied through said balloon to the walls of the artery surrounding said balloon.
4. The balloon catheter of Claim 3, wherein the means for diffusing energy is an elongated hollow member within and coextensive with the length of said balloon and forming a junction with said fibre optic means, said elongated hollow member being filled with a fluid for scattering energy throughout the interior of said balloon and to the walls of the artery.
5. The balloon catheter of Claim 4, further comprising a guide wire extending through the centre of said lumen and through the centre of said elongated hollow member and extending a variable distance beyond the distal end of said balloon for facilitating insertion and positioning of the catheter within an artery.
6. The balloon catheter of Claim 4, wherein said fluid is a refractive index liquid.
7. The balloon catheter of Claim 3, wherein said means for diffusing energy is a lens positioned at the terminal end of said fibre optic means.
8. The balloon catheter of Claim 3, wherein said means for diffusing energy is a solid fibre coupled at the terminal end of said fibre optic means capable of dispersing energy along all or a portion of its length.
CA000441530A 1982-11-23 1983-11-21 Balloon catheter Expired CA1244091A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US443,958 1982-11-23
US06/443,958 US4512762A (en) 1982-11-23 1982-11-23 Method of treatment of atherosclerosis and a balloon catheter for same

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1244091A true CA1244091A (en) 1988-11-01

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ID=23762898

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA000441530A Expired CA1244091A (en) 1982-11-23 1983-11-21 Balloon catheter

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US4512762A (en)
EP (1) EP0126152B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS60500845A (en)
AT (1) ATE121919T1 (en)
AU (1) AU572107B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8307617A (en)
CA (1) CA1244091A (en)
DE (1) DE3382787D1 (en)
DK (1) DK354284D0 (en)
FI (1) FI71871C (en)
NO (1) NO842982L (en)
WO (1) WO1984002069A1 (en)

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