CA1246680A - Power transfer for implanted prosthesis - Google Patents
Power transfer for implanted prosthesisInfo
- Publication number
- CA1246680A CA1246680A CA000493483A CA493483A CA1246680A CA 1246680 A CA1246680 A CA 1246680A CA 000493483 A CA000493483 A CA 000493483A CA 493483 A CA493483 A CA 493483A CA 1246680 A CA1246680 A CA 1246680A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- coil
- circuit
- primary
- coupling
- tertiary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004940 nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 206010011878 Deafness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001668 ameliorated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003985 ceramic capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002490 cerebral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003477 cochlea Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003027 ear inner Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004126 nerve fiber Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
- A61N1/378—Electrical supply
- A61N1/3787—Electrical supply from an external energy source
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0001—Means for transferring electromagnetic energy to implants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S128/00—Surgery
- Y10S128/903—Radio telemetry
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Disclosed is a system for electromagnetically transferring power and/or data comprising a primary transmitter circuit adapted to transfer the power and/or data to a secondary receiver circuit, and a tertiary circuit electromagnetically coupled with the primary circuit and tuned to increase the effective Q of the transmitter circuit. The primary transmitter circuit preferably includes a coil which is adapted to be inductively coupled with the secondary receiving circuit which also includes a coil, the tertiary circuit including a tuned coil which is loosely coupled with the primary coil. The primary and secondary coil are preferably located in close proximity to each other to achieve the necessary inductive coupling. In an alternative embodiment, the tertiary coil is positioned closely adjacent to the secondary coil while still being loosely coupled with the primary coil.
Disclosed is a system for electromagnetically transferring power and/or data comprising a primary transmitter circuit adapted to transfer the power and/or data to a secondary receiver circuit, and a tertiary circuit electromagnetically coupled with the primary circuit and tuned to increase the effective Q of the transmitter circuit. The primary transmitter circuit preferably includes a coil which is adapted to be inductively coupled with the secondary receiving circuit which also includes a coil, the tertiary circuit including a tuned coil which is loosely coupled with the primary coil. The primary and secondary coil are preferably located in close proximity to each other to achieve the necessary inductive coupling. In an alternative embodiment, the tertiary coil is positioned closely adjacent to the secondary coil while still being loosely coupled with the primary coil.
Description
-l- 70128-lOS
This invention relates to improvements in systems for electromagnetically -trans-ferring power and/or data, especially, but not exclusively, in implanted prostheses.
Many electronic prostheses implanted in the body do not have a self contained power source sucn as a battery, ~ut rely on an external source of power located outside the body.
In addition to this, some prostheses also require an external source of data, linked via externally worn electronicsto a microphone.
1~ BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF T~E DRAWINGS
Figure l is a diagram of a radio frequency induction link.
F.igure 2 is a simplified diagram of a class E tuned amplifier.
Figure 3 is a simplified diagram of a transmitting tun~ed circuit with an imperfect switch.
Figure 4 is a simplified diagram of a circuit according : to the invention.
: A cochIear implant is a device which restores hearing sensations for profoundly deaf people by direct electrical stimulation of the nerve fibers in the inner ear, or cochlea.
Power and data is electromagnetically coupled to an implanted receiver coil from an external transmitting coil worn over the site of~tne implaDt.
A radio frequency induction link of this type is depicted in Figure l. The power transfer efficiency oe.this ~q, .
, ,,~ .
..
~z~
-la 70128-10~
link is related ~oth -to the coupling co-efficient, k, between the two coils and the product of their Q or quality fac-tors. Thus any mechanism to increase these parameters will result in a higher transfer efficiency.
The class E tuned amplifier is a simple and efficient driver which is often used in transcutaneous power and data transmitters for implanted electronic prostheses. Such a driver is depicted in Figure 2. The operation of this circuit is as follows~ After the transistor switch S is turned on the current in the inductor L builds up and the switch S turns off.
The ener~y from the inductor is then -transferred to the capacitor C and the tuned circuit formed l by L and C rin9s for one half of one cycle. The voltage on
This invention relates to improvements in systems for electromagnetically -trans-ferring power and/or data, especially, but not exclusively, in implanted prostheses.
Many electronic prostheses implanted in the body do not have a self contained power source sucn as a battery, ~ut rely on an external source of power located outside the body.
In addition to this, some prostheses also require an external source of data, linked via externally worn electronicsto a microphone.
1~ BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF T~E DRAWINGS
Figure l is a diagram of a radio frequency induction link.
F.igure 2 is a simplified diagram of a class E tuned amplifier.
Figure 3 is a simplified diagram of a transmitting tun~ed circuit with an imperfect switch.
Figure 4 is a simplified diagram of a circuit according : to the invention.
: A cochIear implant is a device which restores hearing sensations for profoundly deaf people by direct electrical stimulation of the nerve fibers in the inner ear, or cochlea.
Power and data is electromagnetically coupled to an implanted receiver coil from an external transmitting coil worn over the site of~tne implaDt.
A radio frequency induction link of this type is depicted in Figure l. The power transfer efficiency oe.this ~q, .
, ,,~ .
..
~z~
-la 70128-10~
link is related ~oth -to the coupling co-efficient, k, between the two coils and the product of their Q or quality fac-tors. Thus any mechanism to increase these parameters will result in a higher transfer efficiency.
The class E tuned amplifier is a simple and efficient driver which is often used in transcutaneous power and data transmitters for implanted electronic prostheses. Such a driver is depicted in Figure 2. The operation of this circuit is as follows~ After the transistor switch S is turned on the current in the inductor L builds up and the switch S turns off.
The ener~y from the inductor is then -transferred to the capacitor C and the tuned circuit formed l by L and C rin9s for one half of one cycle. The voltage on
2 the inductor L reaches zero again and simultaneously~ the
3 switch S is turned on again. The cycle is then repeated.
4 It will be apparent that if the switch S is imperfect, during the period T(on) the transmitting tuned circuit will 6 appear as shown in Fig. 3, and thus energy will be 7 dissipated in the equivalent resistance, R, leading to 8 inefficiencies.
9 It will also be apparent that during this interval, the Q of the transmitter tuned circuit is reduced by the 11 resistance of the switch, thus limiting the efficiency of 12 the power transfer. While the switch is on, the 13 transmitter tuned circuit virtually ceases to exist and is 14 replaced by a shortcircuited coil.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an 16 improved transfer system whereby the above disadvantages are 17 at least ameliorated.
18 In its broadest form, the invention provides a system 19 for electromagnetically transferring power and/o,r data comprlsing a primary transmitter circuit adapted to transfer 21 said power and/or data to a secondary receiver circuit, and ~ 22 a tertiary circuit electromagnetically coupled with said 23 primary circuit and tuned to increase the effective Q of the 24 transmi'tter circuit.
~25 The primary transmitter circuit preferably includes ~a 26 coil which is adapted to be inductively coupled with the 27 secondary receiving c-ircuit which also includes a coil, said ~; 28 te~rtiary circuit including a tuned coil which is loosely 29 coupled with said primary coil. The primary and secondary --: 840927,~nbspe 002,nucl eus, ~
..
1 coil are prefer~bly located in ClOS' proximity to each other 2 to achieve the necessary i~ductive coupling.
3 In an alternative embodiment, said tertiary coil is 4 positioned closely adjacent to said 5econdary coil while S still being loosely coupled with said primary coil.
6 More specifically, the present invention provides an 7 improvement in an auditory proskhesis including at least one 8 external coil electromagnetically coupled to at least one 9 internal coil for the purposes of trans~itt;ng power and/or ~ inforrnation through the skin, said improve~ent comprising at 11 least one tertiary tuned coil located adjacent to an ~ electromagnetically coupled to said external and internal 13 coils.
14 Thus, we have found that by placing a loosely coupled, ~uned, tertiary coil near the transmitter coil (shown as L' 16 and C' in Fig. 4) the effectlve Q o~ the transmitter circuit 17 (modelled as a lumped, linear circuit) is increased with a 18 resultant increase in transfer efficiency.
19 It should be noted that the effect of a nearby shortcircuited inductor on a tuned circuit i5 to change the ~1 frequency of resonance. This must be taken into account in ~22 tuning the tertiary tuned circuit. It will also he noted Z3 that the improvement in efficiency is not restricted to 24 systems'usin9 the Class E driver stage, but is also 25~ applicable to dny other practically realisable output 26 driv*r. ~ ~
27 Further it can be seen that the improvement may be 28 ~ realised by usin9 another component such as an inductor or 29 capacitor, directly connected to the tertiary tune~ coil, ~7,tnbspe, no2. nucleus, J~d ~
rather than using the method of coupling by mutual inductance.
This component could itself form par-t of the tertiary tuned circuit but need not be physically close to the transmitter coilO
In the cochlear implant system previously described in U.S. patent no. 4,532,930, issued ~ugust 6, 1985, "Cochlear Implant System for an Auditory Prosthesisl', the trans-'.
mitter coil consisted of approximately 8 turns of enamelled copper wire with a diameter of approximately 30 mm, tuned with a slngle ceramic dielectric capacitor of above 100 pF. The improvement in this case was to put the tertiary tuned eoil consisting of 8 turns of enamelled copper wire with a diameter of 40 mm, tuned with a ceramic capacitor, of about 540 pF, and coaxial to and coplanar with t.he transmitter coil. This resulted in an improvement of almost 100~ in operating range of -the system for approximately 30% less power consump-tion.
In another embodiment -the tertiary coil is mounted coaxially to but inside -the primary coil, with suitable adjustments to the inductanee and capacitance.
We have discovered that it is not necessary for the tertiary coil to be coaxial, or coplanar with the other eoils, :~ but merely coupled with it.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention has application in areas other than cochlear : prostheses such as visual prostheses, cerebellar stimulators, ~ pain control deviees etc., or any implanted electronic : device where it is required to:couple power through the skin.
The lmprovement also has applicatlon , :
- ~
,. . :
:
~2~
1 with prostheses where more than one coil is required to 2 transmit to at least one internal coil. The idea is also 3 useful where it is necessary to couple power and/or 4 information between electronic devices through a wal1 or membrane, such as in chemical engineering processes.
6 Modifications and adaptations may be made to the above 7 described without departing from the spirit and scope of 8 this invention which includes every novel feature and 9 combination of features disclosed herein.
9 It will also be apparent that during this interval, the Q of the transmitter tuned circuit is reduced by the 11 resistance of the switch, thus limiting the efficiency of 12 the power transfer. While the switch is on, the 13 transmitter tuned circuit virtually ceases to exist and is 14 replaced by a shortcircuited coil.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an 16 improved transfer system whereby the above disadvantages are 17 at least ameliorated.
18 In its broadest form, the invention provides a system 19 for electromagnetically transferring power and/o,r data comprlsing a primary transmitter circuit adapted to transfer 21 said power and/or data to a secondary receiver circuit, and ~ 22 a tertiary circuit electromagnetically coupled with said 23 primary circuit and tuned to increase the effective Q of the 24 transmi'tter circuit.
~25 The primary transmitter circuit preferably includes ~a 26 coil which is adapted to be inductively coupled with the 27 secondary receiving c-ircuit which also includes a coil, said ~; 28 te~rtiary circuit including a tuned coil which is loosely 29 coupled with said primary coil. The primary and secondary --: 840927,~nbspe 002,nucl eus, ~
..
1 coil are prefer~bly located in ClOS' proximity to each other 2 to achieve the necessary i~ductive coupling.
3 In an alternative embodiment, said tertiary coil is 4 positioned closely adjacent to said 5econdary coil while S still being loosely coupled with said primary coil.
6 More specifically, the present invention provides an 7 improvement in an auditory proskhesis including at least one 8 external coil electromagnetically coupled to at least one 9 internal coil for the purposes of trans~itt;ng power and/or ~ inforrnation through the skin, said improve~ent comprising at 11 least one tertiary tuned coil located adjacent to an ~ electromagnetically coupled to said external and internal 13 coils.
14 Thus, we have found that by placing a loosely coupled, ~uned, tertiary coil near the transmitter coil (shown as L' 16 and C' in Fig. 4) the effectlve Q o~ the transmitter circuit 17 (modelled as a lumped, linear circuit) is increased with a 18 resultant increase in transfer efficiency.
19 It should be noted that the effect of a nearby shortcircuited inductor on a tuned circuit i5 to change the ~1 frequency of resonance. This must be taken into account in ~22 tuning the tertiary tuned circuit. It will also he noted Z3 that the improvement in efficiency is not restricted to 24 systems'usin9 the Class E driver stage, but is also 25~ applicable to dny other practically realisable output 26 driv*r. ~ ~
27 Further it can be seen that the improvement may be 28 ~ realised by usin9 another component such as an inductor or 29 capacitor, directly connected to the tertiary tune~ coil, ~7,tnbspe, no2. nucleus, J~d ~
rather than using the method of coupling by mutual inductance.
This component could itself form par-t of the tertiary tuned circuit but need not be physically close to the transmitter coilO
In the cochlear implant system previously described in U.S. patent no. 4,532,930, issued ~ugust 6, 1985, "Cochlear Implant System for an Auditory Prosthesisl', the trans-'.
mitter coil consisted of approximately 8 turns of enamelled copper wire with a diameter of approximately 30 mm, tuned with a slngle ceramic dielectric capacitor of above 100 pF. The improvement in this case was to put the tertiary tuned eoil consisting of 8 turns of enamelled copper wire with a diameter of 40 mm, tuned with a ceramic capacitor, of about 540 pF, and coaxial to and coplanar with t.he transmitter coil. This resulted in an improvement of almost 100~ in operating range of -the system for approximately 30% less power consump-tion.
In another embodiment -the tertiary coil is mounted coaxially to but inside -the primary coil, with suitable adjustments to the inductanee and capacitance.
We have discovered that it is not necessary for the tertiary coil to be coaxial, or coplanar with the other eoils, :~ but merely coupled with it.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention has application in areas other than cochlear : prostheses such as visual prostheses, cerebellar stimulators, ~ pain control deviees etc., or any implanted electronic : device where it is required to:couple power through the skin.
The lmprovement also has applicatlon , :
- ~
,. . :
:
~2~
1 with prostheses where more than one coil is required to 2 transmit to at least one internal coil. The idea is also 3 useful where it is necessary to couple power and/or 4 information between electronic devices through a wal1 or membrane, such as in chemical engineering processes.
6 Modifications and adaptations may be made to the above 7 described without departing from the spirit and scope of 8 this invention which includes every novel feature and 9 combination of features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Apparatus for improving the coupling of an external inductive transmitting coil to an internal inductive receiving coil to transmit power and/or data to said receiving coil from said transmitting coil comprising:
a coupling coil inductively coupled to said transmitting coil to increase the coupling between said transmitting coil and said receiving coil.
a coupling coil inductively coupled to said transmitting coil to increase the coupling between said transmitting coil and said receiving coil.
2. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 1 in which said coupling coil is coplanar with said transmitting coil.
3. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 1 in which said coupling coil is concentric with said transmitting coil.
4. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 3 in which said coupling coil is disposed outside said transmitting coil.
5. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 3 in which said coupling coil is disposed inside said transmitting coil.
6. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 1 including capacitance means connected to each of said transmitting coil and said coupling coil to form LC circuits therewith.
7. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 1 in which said internal receiving coil is part of an implanted prosthesis and said external transmitting coil includes means for coupling power and/or data to said implanted prosthesis.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUP67767 | 1984-10-22 | ||
| AU6776784 | 1984-10-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1246680A true CA1246680A (en) | 1988-12-13 |
Family
ID=3751942
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000493483A Expired CA1246680A (en) | 1984-10-22 | 1985-10-21 | Power transfer for implanted prosthesis |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4741339A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0179536A3 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1246680A (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| GB2202414A (en) * | 1987-03-10 | 1988-09-21 | Oxley Dev Co Ltd | Transmission of power and/or data |
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| US5814095A (en) * | 1996-09-18 | 1998-09-29 | Implex Gmbh Spezialhorgerate | Implantable microphone and implantable hearing aids utilizing same |
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| US2656839A (en) * | 1950-02-14 | 1953-10-27 | Clarence B Howard | Electrotherapeutic oscillator |
| US3195548A (en) * | 1964-01-16 | 1965-07-20 | Christy N Lestakis | Sewer pipe opener |
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| US4441210A (en) * | 1981-09-18 | 1984-04-03 | Hochmair Erwin S | Transcutaneous signal transmission system and methods |
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| US4558702A (en) * | 1983-01-21 | 1985-12-17 | Cordis Corporation | Cardiac pacer having input/output circuit programmable for use with unipolar and bipolar pacer leads |
| US4562840A (en) * | 1984-03-23 | 1986-01-07 | Cordis Corporation | Telemetry system |
-
1985
- 1985-10-21 CA CA000493483A patent/CA1246680A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-10-21 US US06/789,874 patent/US4741339A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-10-22 EP EP85201718A patent/EP0179536A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4741339A (en) | 1988-05-03 |
| EP0179536A3 (en) | 1987-05-13 |
| EP0179536A2 (en) | 1986-04-30 |
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