CA1251990A

CA1251990A - Process for preserving apples and apple case for use in practicing the process

Info

Publication number: CA1251990A
Application number: CA000481811A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Toshitsugu Kitayama
Original assignee: Kyoei Co Ltd
Current assignee: Kyoei Co Ltd
Priority date: 1984-05-21
Filing date: 1985-05-17
Publication date: 1989-04-04
Also published as: AU4270285A; EP0163474A1; US4759935A; HK8889A; US4622229A; AU574179B2; DE3562473D1; EP0163474B1; US4636392A

Abstract

Abstract:

Process for preserving fruits, e.g. apples and a case for use in practicing the process. A bag for receiving the apple is prepared. An ethylene absorbent and a deoxidant are placed in the bag, each of the absorbent and the deoxidant being in an amount such that ethylene biosynthesis is suppressed for keeping freshness of the apple when the apple is placed within the bag. The apple is placed within the bag and then an opening portion of the bag containing the apple, the ethylene absorbent and the deoxidant is sealed. The sealed bag allows air to permeate through it to a degree such that minimum amount of air necessary for the apple is supplied in the presence of the ethylene absorbent and the deoxidant. The apple is stored in the sealed bag whereby mature of the apple is delayed for keeping freshness thereof.

Description

~s~99o The present invention relates to a process for preserving fruits and a case for receiving the fruit in practicing the process. In the description that follows, reference will be made to apples as one example of the type of fruits suitable for preservation by this process.
Commercially, apples are placed into market either at once after they are harvested or subsequently after storage for some time. Apples are usually stored in gas cold storage buildings for preserving for a long period of time and stored in ordinary cold storage buildings for a relatively short period preservation. By keeping in these cold storage buildings at about OC apples are placed in suspended animation for keeping them fresh.
However during shipping of apples or display thereof in shops it is not practical from economical point to keep apples at about OC and there is no economical substitute for preserving freshness of apples for a relatively long period of time. Thus, there is a problem in that even though apples are kept in a relatively high degree of freshness before shipping, freshness thereof becomes lost to some extent when they reach to consumers.
The inventor has studied this problem and found that ethylene is produced by biosynthesis due to absorption of oxygen into apples during they become ripe, and that ethylene existing around the apples promotes their ripening. The present invention is proposed on the basis of these findings and one aspect of the invention is directed to a process of preserving fruits. A resilient bag for receiving the fruit is prepared. An ethylene absorbent and a deoxidant are placed in the bag, each of the absorbent and the deoxidant being in an amount such that ethylene produced by the fruit is absorbed and ethylene biosynthesis is suppressed for maintaining the freshness of the fruit when the fruit is placed within the bag. The fruit is placed within the bag and then an opening portion of the bag containing the fruit, the 5~

~ - 3 -ethylene absorbent and the deoxidant is sealed. The sealed bag allows air to permeate through it to a degree such that minimum amount of air necessary for the fruit is supplied in the presence of the ethylene absorbent and the deoxidant. A case having a front plate, a rear plate and side walls is provided, the front plate having a plurality of spaced openings of a size sufficient to allow the fruit to go through. The sealed bag containing the fruit, ethylene absorbent and deoxidant is placed on the rear plate of the case. The front plate of the case is placed over the sealed bag and the rear plate so that the front plate depresses the bag between the fruit toward the rear plate with resilient deformation so that each fruit dis-posed in the bag partly projects from one of the openings respectively and is stationarily supported in the bag by the resilient deformation of the bag. The fruit is stored in the sealed bag whereby overripining of the fruit is delayed the freshness thereof is maintained.
The deoxidant restrains oxygen amount in the case with-in which apples are placed to thereby prevent oxygen frombeing used in biosynthesis of ethylene and in addition, the ethylene absorbent absorbs ethylene produced from the apples. These suppress the promotion of ripening of the apples due to ethylene. The apple case permits an appropriate amount of air to permeate through it and hence minimum amount of air necessary for supsended animation of the applies is secured.
Since the apples in the case are thus delayed in mature, their freshness is maintained for a relatively long period of time even if they are not stored at sufficiently low temperature. Thus, the loss of freshness of apples during shipping and display in shops is reduced and fresh apples are supplied to consumers.
Another aspect of the present invention is directed to a package for preserving fruit comprising a resilient bag . , 125~990 .
- 3a -dimensioned to receive a plurality of fruits and a case, the case body having a front plate having a plurality of spaced openings of a size sufficient for a fruit to protrude through each of the openings and forward of the front plate; a rear plate conforming generally in shape and size to the front plate; and means for retaining the front and rear plates in spaced, superposed alignment at such a distance that fruit disposed between the plates protrude through the openings and forward of the front plate, whereby when a bag containing fruit is positioned between the plates as retained by the retaining means, the bag rests on the rear plate and the front plate depresses and resiliently deforms the bag to stationarily support the fruit in its protruding position.

, ~... ~

~251990 Consumers can see the contained apples from the outside of this package and hence the package makes a good show in shops. During shipping, the apples are prevented from impinging upon each other.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a case, which receives apples, according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG. l;
FIG. 3 is an extended view of the case body in FIG.
l; and FIG. 4 is an enlarged side vew of the handle in FIG.
1.
The bag may be made of any suitable synthetic resin 15 such as a polyethylene. In the case of a polyethylene bag, the thickness thereof is preferably about 0.03 mm in view of permeability of air, but it is also determined in view of weight of apples to be contained. For 1 Kg of apples the polyethylene bag has typically a thickness of 20 about 0.05 mm.
The deoxidant or disoxidant may, according to the present invention, include activated iron oxide, activated carbon or like deoxidants.
The ethylene absorbent may, according to the present 25 invention, include zeolite or other similar conventional adsorbents. Zeolite and activated iron oxide are preferably each used in an amount of about 10 g for 1 Kg of apples sealed in a polyethylene bag 0.05 mm thick.
EXAMPLES
Apples having variety names "Iwai" and "Fuji", both registered in Japan, were prepared. For each example, several samples were prepared, in each of which apples in amount of about 1 Kg were sealingly packed in a 26x60 cm polyethylene bag having a thickness 0.05 mm. Each ~,f. ,~; ~

~25~99(~

polyethylene bag contained 10 g of a deoxidant sold by Mitsubishi Gasu Kagaku, Japan, under the trade mark "Ageless S 300." This deoxidant included a larger part of activated iron oxide and the rest was activated carbon~
5 Further, each bag contained 10 g of zeolite as the ethylene absorbent. These samples were stored in a cold room maintained at 10C at which cold show cases of shops are usually kept. After specified periods of time, sample apples were determined with respect to acidity, saccharine 10 degree, hardness and rate of decrease in weight on the following conditions:
(1) Acidity Titratable acidity was measured by using as an indicator 20% of alcohol having 0.1% of phenol red and 0.1% of bromthyrol blue dissolved in it.

(2) Saccharine degree Soluble solid contents (refractometer saccharine degree) were determined by refractometer.
For the acidity and saccharine tests 10 g from each of five apples were sampled for each sample, to which was added water to obtain 125 cc of a test sample liquid, from which a homogenate was made by a ' homogenizer. The homogenate was filtered with a cloth and then subjected to centrifugal separation to obtain a supernatant liquid. This liquid was subjected to the tests.

(3) Hardness Hardness tester was used.
~4) Weight decrease ratio Weight was determined by means of a platform balance.
(5) Organoleptic tests - ,,, ~ ~, . . .

~2S~990 Further,the apples were subjected to organoleptic tests by eight panelists with respect to succulence, hardness, sourness, sweetness, freshness and overall evaluation. Five stage evaluation were made in which a higher value was given to an apple having a higher evaluation. With respect to hardness. a value of 3 was given to an apple which was just right for eating and lower values were given to apples softer than it and higher values were given to apples harder than it.
These tests were carried out in unit of week and results therof for Iwai apples are given in Table 1 under a item "Apples with ethylene absorbent + deoxidant" and for Fuji apples in Table 2 under the same item.
COMPARATIVE TESTS
Tests similar to the preceding Examples were made in which apples were packed in paper bags (the test indicated in Tables 1 and 2 under the item "Untreated apples in paper bag)", polyethylene bags (the test under the item -20 "Untreated apples in polyethylene bag"), polyethylene bags containing 10 g of an ethylene absorbent (the test under ; the item "Apples with ethylene absorbent") and polyethylene bags containing 10 g of a deoxidant (the test under the item "Apples with deoxidant"). The polyethylene 25 bags have the same size and thickness as the bags in Examples. The ethylene absorbent and the deoxidant used were same as those used in Examples. The outcome of the tests were given in Table 1 for Iwai apples and in Table 2 for Fuji apples.
It was apparent from the results given in Tables 1 and 2 that apples preserved according to the present invention exhibited good results in almost all the tests.

~2S~99O

Specifically, Iwai apples and Fuji apples were, according to the present invention, kept excellent in qualities for

4 weeks and 8 weeks, respectively.
~eferring to EIGS. 1 to 3, there is illustrated a

5 case A for use in practicing the process according to the present invention. The case A includes a hollow hexahedral box-shaped case body 1 made from a cardboard and a handle 2 made of a synthetic resin attached to this body 1. The case body 1 has a rectangular front plate 4 10 and a rectangular rear plate 5 integrally connected to the fron~ plate 4 through an elongated rectangular bottom plate 3. The front plate 4 and the rear plate 5 are respectively folded with respect to the bottom plate 3 along the phantom lines 21 and 23 shown in FIG. 2. The 15 rear plate 5 has a pair of elongated rectangular side flaps 7 and 7 integrally formed at its opposite side edges respectively and an elongated rectangular top flap 9 integrally formed at its top edge. These flaps 7, 7 and 9 are folded along the phantom lines 25, 27 and 29 20 respectively. The front plate 4 also has elongated rectangular side flaps 6 and 6 integrally formed with its opposite side edges respectively and an elongated rectangular top flap 8 integrally formed at its top edge.
These flaps 6, 6 and 8 are also folded along the phantom 25 lines 25, 27 and 35, respectively. The side flaps 6 and 6 have locking tongues 10 and 10 integrally formed with central portions of their free ends respectively. The locking tongues 10 and 10 are folded along the phantom lines 37 and 39 respectively. Also, the top flap 8 has a 30 top locking tongue 11 integrally formed with a center portion of its free end. The locking tongue 11 is folded along the folding line 41. On the other hand, in the rear plate 5, each side flap 7 has a slot 12 formed through a center portion of the proximal end thereof. Each of the ~25~9~30 locking tongues lO and 10 is passed through the corresponding slot 12 and engages with peripheral portions of the slot 12. The locking tongue ll is passed through a slot 43 formed through a central portion of the proximal 5 end of the top flap 9 and engages with peripheral portions of the slot 43. The top flap 8 of the front plate 4 has a pair of engaging slots 14 formed through it symmetrically with respect to the center line CL. The opposite ends of handle 2 are fitted into the slots 14 and 14 for engaging 10 with the top flap 8. The front plate 4 has six openings 17 formed through it in three columns symmetrical with respect to the center line CL.
The handle 2 may be made of any suitable material such as a synthetic resin, metal, etc but it must have 15 sufficient strength to bear the weight of the case plus apples. This handle includes an arcuate band body 2A and a pair of plate anchors 2B and 2B integrally formed with the opposite ends of the band body 2A to extend toward the other. The handle 2 is attached to the top flap 8 by 20 inserting the hooking plates 2B into corresponding slots 14 and then by hooking them to portions, adjacent to the slots 14, of the top flap 8.
In packing apples 16 in the Gase, they are previously put in a polyethylene bag lS together with an ethylene 25 absorbent and a deoxidant. After sealed, the bag 15 is received in the case. In this event, the six apples 16 are placed on the rear plate 5 at locations corresponding to the locations of the openings 17 formed through the front plate 4 respectively and then the front plate 4 is 30 covered over the rear plate 5 by folding the bottom plate 3 at right angle along the folding lines 21 and 23.
Thereafter, the top flap 8 is placed over the other top plate 9 by folding these flaps along the folding lines 35 and 29 respectively and is then locked there by inserting ~25~L990 the locking tongue 11 into the locking slot 43 of the top plate 9 so that interlocking shoulders llA and llA formed at the opposite side edges of the tongue 11 engage with corresponding end walls of the locking slot 43 5 respectively. By this insertion into the slot 43 the tongue 11 is folded along the folding line 41. After this, the side flaps 6 and 6 are placed over the corresponding side flaps 7 and 7 by folding the side flaps

6 and 7 along the folding lines 25 and 27 and are ~hen 10 locked there by inwardly folding each~side locking flap 10 along the folding line 37 or 3g and thereafter inserting the tongue 10 into the corresponding side locking slot 12 so that interlocking shoulders lOA and lOA formed at opposite side edges thereof engage with corresponding 15 opposite end walls of the slot 12 respectively. By these operations, portions, covering spaces formed between apples 16, of the bag lS are depressed with a resilient deformation by the front plate 4 toward the rear plate S
as shown in FIG. 2 and thereby the apples 16 are 20 stationarily supported in the case A by resilient force exerted by the bag lS. Finally, the handle 2 is attached to the top flap 8 by inserting each anchor 2B into the corresponding engaging slot 14 by resiliently deforming the handle portion 2A or the top flap 8 so that the anchor 25 25 interlocks a portion, adjacent to the slot 14, of the top flap 8 as shown in FIG. 4. The case thus assembled is illustrated in FIG. 1.

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Claims

Claims:

1. A process for preserving fruits comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a resilient bag for containing the fruits;
(b) placing in the bag an ethylene absorbent and a deoxidant, each in an amount such that ethylene produced by the fruits is absorbed and ethylene biosynthesis is suppressed for maintaining the freshness of the fruits when the fruits are placed within the bag;
(c) placing the fruits within the bag;
(d) sealing the open portion of the bag containing the fruits, the ethylene absorbent, and the deoxidant, the sealed bag allowing air to permeate therethrough to a degree such that the minimum amount of air necessary for the fruits is supplied in the presence of the ethylene absorbent and the deoxidant;
(e) providing a case having a front plate, a rear plate and side walls, said front plate having a plurality of spaced openings of a size sufficient to allow said fruits to go through;
(f) placing said sealed bag containing said fruits, ethylene absorbent, and deoxidant on said rear plate of said case; and (g) covering said front plate of said case over said sealed bag and said rear plate so that the front plate depresses the bag between the fruits towards the rear plate with resilient deformation so that each fruit disposed in said bag partly projects from one of said openings respectively and is stationarily supported in said bag by the resilient deformation of the bag.

2. A process as recited in claim 1, wherein the ethylene absorbent contains zeolite and wherein the deoxidant contains activated ferrite oxide.

3. A process as recited in claim 2, wherein the bag has a thickness of about 0.05 mm and wheren the zeolite and the ferrite oxide are each used in the amount of about 10 g for 1 Kg of fruits.

4. A process as recited in claim 1 wherein said case comprises cardboard and said front plate has six opening for supporting said fruits in a stationary position.

5. A package for fruits, comprising:
a resilient bag dimensioned to receive a plurality of said fruits; and a case; the case including:
a front plate having a plurality of spaced openings of a size sufficient for a fruit to protrude through each of said openings and forward of said front plate;
a rear plate conforming generally in shape and size to said front plate; and means for retaining said front and rear plates in spaced, superposed alignment at such a distance that fruits disposed between said plates protrude through said openings and forward of said front plate, whereby when a bag containing fruits is positioned between said plates as retained by said retaining means, said bag rests on said rear plate and said front plate depresses and resiliently deforms said bag to stationarily support said fruits in their protruding position.

6. A package in accordance with claim 5, wherein said fruits are of a type which produces ethylene in the process of ripening, said bag including at least one of an ethylene absorbent and a deoxidant therein.

7. A package as defined in claim 5, wherein said case comprises a hollow hexahedral box.

8. A package as defined in claim 5, wherein the retaining means comprises a pair of elongated rectangular side flaps intergrally formed at respective opposite side edges of the rear plate.