CA1259181A - Tobacco compositions, method and device for releasing essentially pure nicotine - Google Patents
Tobacco compositions, method and device for releasing essentially pure nicotineInfo
- Publication number
- CA1259181A CA1259181A CA000494091A CA494091A CA1259181A CA 1259181 A CA1259181 A CA 1259181A CA 000494091 A CA000494091 A CA 000494091A CA 494091 A CA494091 A CA 494091A CA 1259181 A CA1259181 A CA 1259181A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- water
- tobacco
- composition according
- nicotine
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/007—Pulmonary tract; Aromatherapy
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
- A24B15/42—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic and inorganic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F42/00—Simulated smoking devices other than electrically operated; Component parts thereof; Manufacture or testing thereof
- A24F42/10—Devices with chemical heating means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
- A24F40/20—Devices using solid inhalable precursors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
- A24F40/50—Control or monitoring
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The invention concerns novel tobacco compositions which -when subjected to an elevated temperature below the combustion tem-perature of the tobacco - liberate essentially pure nicotine. The invention also includes a method for liberating nicotine from the compositions and a device for carrying out the method.
The invention concerns novel tobacco compositions which -when subjected to an elevated temperature below the combustion tem-perature of the tobacco - liberate essentially pure nicotine. The invention also includes a method for liberating nicotine from the compositions and a device for carrying out the method.
Description
~L 2 ~ 3~L
TOBACCO COMPOSITIONS, METNOD AND DEVICE FOR RELEASING ESSENTIALLY PURE
NICOTINE
The present invention concerns tobacco compositions and a non-combustion method of liberating essentially pure nicotine from such compositions. It also includes a device for carrying out the method.
It is now widely recognized that smoking can be a major health hazard. This hazard can be cut down by reducing or eliminating smoking, but smokers find this extremely difficult and it is generally accepted that this difficulty is caused by nicotine-dependence. While the presence of nicotine in tobacco smoke is considered a risk factor, there are other, more important risk factors in the substances formed during the combustion of tobacco such as carbon monooxide, tar products, aldehydes and hydrocyanic acid.
One way of eliminating risk factors other than nicotine is disclosed in the US patent 4,284,089. According to this patent pure nicotine vapors are obtained when air is drawn through a device containing a nicotine mixture disposed within an absorbent member. The nicotine mixture may be selected from the group consisting of nicotine (d), nicotine (1), nicotine (d,l), nicotine salts and nicotine esters.
The US patents 4,141,369 and 4,219,032 disclose devices for non-combustion utilization of tobacco. These devices are concerned with de-signs of the devices different from that according to the present inven-tion. Besides, no information is given on the amount or the purity of nicotine obtained when gas from these devices is inhaled.
Objects of the invention It is an object of the invention to provide a novel tobacco compo-sition which - when air is drawn therethrough for inhalation purposes -liberates essentially pure nicotine.
A second object of the invention is to provide a non-combustion method of liberating essentially pure nicotine for inhalation purposes from the novel tobacco composition.
A third object of the inven-tion is to provide a non-combustion method of liberating essentially pure nicotine from the novel tobacco compositions according to which essentially the same rate and amount of nicotine release is obtained at inhalation as when smoking the corresponding amount of tobacco.
~L 2 5~
A forth object is to provide a non-combustion method of liberating essentially pure nicotine from the novel tobacco compositions, which method requires only moderately elevated temperatures at which essential-ly no thermal decomposition products are formed.
A fifth object of the invention is to provide a device that can be used ~or the inhalation of nicotine from the novel tobacco composition.
A sixth ob~ect of the invention is to provide a nicotine releasing product that can be handled in substantially the same way as the tobacco products presently used, which is not clumsy or complicated and which comprises the device having the novel tobacco compositions included therein.
Summar of the invention y The invention concerns novel tobacco compositions liberating essentially pure nicotine when air is drawn through the composition for e.g. inhalation purposes. The compositions include as major constituents tobacco, water and a basic substance. Optionally oils9 detergents and/or flavoring agents may be added to the compositions.
The invention also concerns a non-combustion method of liberating essentially pure nicotine ~rom these tobacco compositions, comprising the steps o~ mixing a tobacco material optionally containing oils, detergents and/or flavoring agents with water and a basic substance ei~her dissolved or dispersed in the water. The composition obtain-ed is heated to a temperature below the combustion temperature of the tobacco but sufficiently high to liberate nicotine in an amount and at a rate si~ilar to that obtained at smoking when air is drawn through the composition.
The device ~or the release and administration of nicotine according to the invention comprises receiving means which has a space provided with an inlet and an outlet and in which a matrix such as the novel tobacco compositions containing the nicotine is insertable, and a ~uuthpiece communicating with the outlet of said recei~ing space. ~he device is characterized by a heating element associated with said receiving space , said element being adapted upon manual activation to produce heat in said space , and means For restricting the temperature in the receiving space to a predetermined value below the combustion temperature of the matrix.
~L2~5~
Detailed description of the invention The tobacco compositions according to the invention include a mixture consisting essentially of tobacco, water and a basic substance.
The water can be added to the tobacco in the form of ordinary drinking water. Before mixing the tobacco and water it is usually preferable to dissolve or disperse the basic substance in the waker. The tobacco compositions according to the invention can also contain the water in the form of water-containing salts or water-containing zeolites or in the form of heatsensitive microcapsuls. Examples of water-containing salts are hydrated sodium carbonate, calcium hydrates such as calcium monohydrate, dihydrate or hexahydrate, sodium pyrophosphates such as Na4P207lo H20 or Na4P207 2 or sodium ortophosphates such as Na HPO 7 H O or Na?HP04 12 H20. The "dry" water contained in the water-containing salts and in the microcapsuls is set free at the elevated temperature required according to the invention and a wet basic tobacco composition is obtained. This composition is capable of releasing nicotine at inhalation in an amount and at a rate similar to that which is obtained when smoking.
Special ad~antages can be obtained by using Na2C03 10 H20. This salt contains water to such an amount that it will not be necessary to add free water, at the same time as a basic substance necessary to get the required pH is provided. In order to obtain an effective amount of nicotine, i.e. an amount of the same magnitude as when smoking, it is required that the pH of the tobacco compositions according to the present invention exceeds 7. Preferably the pH shall exceed 8 and most preferably 8.8. There seems to be no additional benefit to the use of a pH above 12 and with ordinary tobacco there seems to be no additional benefit to the use of compositions having a pH above 10. However, the upper limit of the pH can be decided separately and according to taste, desired nicotine release and other parameters known to the man skilled in the art.
As pointed out previously a certain amount of water is necessary in order to get a satisfactory nicotine release. It should be pointed out in this context that tobacco contains water in amounts varying between 5 and 25 percent (weight/weight) of the tobacco. For the same reasons as di5cussed above as regards the pH it is obvious that the water content of the tobacco composition according to the invention can vary within a wide range. Good results as regards the nicotine release have been obtained with tobacco compositions having a water content varying between 0.25 and 7, preferably between 1 and 5, 9 water per g ordinary tobacco.
At present the most favourable results have been obtained with about 3 9 water/g ordinary tobacco.
125~
In addition to sodium carbonate the basic material can be selected from a wide variety of substances which, of course, should be non-toxic and preferably tasteless or palatable. Example6 of suitable basic substances to be incorporated in the ~obacco compositions accord-ing to the invention are carbonates or hydroxides of sodium, potassium or calcium.
Various additives can be incorporated into the tobacco compositions according to the invention in order to improve its characteristics.
Examples of such additives are oils, e.g. silicone oils and paraffine oils, detergents, e.g. polyoxyethylene ethers such as BrijTM or TweenTM
and flavoring agents, e.g. menthol, anis.
The present invention also concerns a method for liberating essentially pure nicotine from tobacco for inhalation purposes. This method comprises the steps of mixing a tobacco material optionally containing oil, detergent and/or flavoring agents with water and a-basic substance either dissolved or dispersed in the water and heating the composition obtained to a temperature sufficient to liberate an efficient amount of nicotine but below the combustion temperature of the tobacco.
As previously described the water may be in the form of a watercontain-ing salt or in the form of heatsensitive microcapsuls and optionally the water and the basic substance may be provided in the same substance, e.g. soda.
As described above the efficient amount of nicotine is an amount corresponding to the amount that the smoker obtains when smoking. The temperature required in order to obtain this amount on the composition used can be easily determined by simple experiments. Usually the temperature required varies between 30 and 200C and preferably between 50 and 100C. The most favourable results have been obtained by using temperatures between 70 and 80C. In order to reach the desired tem-perature rapidly it is possible to subject the tobacco composi-tions to a higher temperature initially. When the water is present in bound form in the tobacco composition free water will be liberated upon heating.
, The following tests illustrate the release of nicotine from the compositions according to the invention:
Small glass columns were packed with tobacco compositions according to the invention. The tobacco compositions consisted of 1 9 of tobacco ~25~
that had been soaked w-ith 2 ml of a saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution. Unt.eated tobacco was used as reference. Air (1 liter) was blown through each column at a rate of 50 ml/3-~ s with a syringe and the released nicotine was collected in sulphuric acid solution. UV
absorption measurements indicated that essentially pure nicotine was liberated.
The following results were obtained:
Tobacco composition Temperature C ~eleased nicotine mg/l air According to the 35 0 05 _ 0 13 invention approxØ50 1, 75 " 2.20 Untreated 75 ~ 0 03 The bioavailability o F nicotine, i.e. -the blood plasma nicotine levels, after inhalation of air from the glass columns prepared as described above at 65C and 75C, respectively was also investigated.
The test persons had abstained from smoking or having nicotine in any other way for 12 h before the test.
The following plasma peak values were obtained:
Temperature C Plasma nicotine ng/ml A device for the release and administration of nicotine from the composition described above should comply with two important require-ments. First, i-t must be able to produce heat of a temperature which is below the combustion temperature of the matrix, i.e. tobacco composition, and, secondly, it must be small and easy to transport and handle.
Preferably, it should have the approximate size and shape of a cigarette ho~der or a pipe, i.e. have the appearance o-F an object to which the smoker is accustomed.
In the enclosed drawings, there are shown examples of suitable de-vices. Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a device designed as a "cigarette"
holder, together with a "cigarette", by which is meant a composition of the present invention as herein defined, in the form of a more or less conventional cigarette, with or without an external wrapper of paper, plastic or the like. Figs. 2, 3 and 4 are sectional views of different designs of the device according to Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a device resembling a pipebowl.
In Fig. 1, the device according to the invention is in~the form of cigarette holder 30 defining a cylindrical space 31 which is open at one end of the holder 30 and so dimensioned that an untipped cigarette 33 is insertable therein substantially in its entirety with suitable friction.
At the opposite end, the holder 30 is designed with a mouthpiece 32. It appears that the cigarette holderlike device does not differ to any major extent from a conventional cigarette holder.
The device 30 may take the form of many different embodiments to fulfil the objects of the invention. According to Fig. 2, the peripheral wall of the opening 31 and an outer wall 34 define between them a space of annular cross-section having a length corresponding to that of the "cigarette" 33. At its end remote From the insertion end, the opening 31 merges into an opening 36 of reduced cross-section via an abutment 37 restricting the depth of insertion oF the "cigarette" 33. The annular channel defined between the walls 34, 35 is slightly widened in the area between the abutment 37 and the mouthpiece 32 to provide room in this widened space 38 for an electric battery 39. This battery 39 is connect-ed over a switch (not shown) to a heating coil 40 surrounding the wall 35 deFining the opening 31. In the lines (not shown) between the battery 39 and the coil 40, there is connected a circuit comprising a temperature sensor 41, preferably also comprising predetermined temperature maximizing and minimizing means (not shown). In the use of the holder according to Fig. 2, a "cigarette" 33 is introduced in the opening 31 and the switch (not shown) is activated so that current is supplied to the coil 40 which then supplies heat to the "clgarette" 33 in the space 31. When the predetermined maximum temperature has been reached, this is detected by the sensor 41 which disconnects the battery 39 and reconnects it again when the lower temperature minimum is reached. The temperature in the space 31 can be maintained by means of the illustrated device within a desired narrow temperature range. The Figure merely illustrates the main parts of the device schematically whereas such components as switches, leads, etc., are not illustrated inasmuch as the device can be modified in many different ways within the scope of the invention and the details may vary from one embodiment to another and because such means as are not illustrated are conventional in the art.
~2~ 8~
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Fig. 3 illustrates another embodiment of the invention, in which the electric heating device has been replaced by a gas burner device.
Thus, the walls 34 and 35 define between them a chamber 42 which can be filled with gas through a conventional charging valve 45, e.g., of the type used in cigarette-lighters. Between the walls,`there is arranged a further chamber 43 accomodating an igniting device 47 which may also be of the same type as employed conventionally in cigarette-lighters.
The two chambers are separated by a partition 44 in which a flow control valve 46 for controlling the flow of gas into the chamber 43 (and then into material 48) is disposed. The remainder of the space between the walls 34 and 35 up to the cigarette insertion end is filled with a suitable, incombustible material which is gas-permeable. To this end, use may be made of different ceramic materials in a suitable design or quite simply suitably packed temperature-stable, high surface area materials such as glass fibres, particles, or shreds, terracotta, mineral wool or the like. The space between the walls 34, 35 is sealed at the cigarette insertion end but has vent openings 53 to allow air and oxygen intake and gas combustion and exhaust. In the use of this embodiment of the device the-"cigarette" 33, as in the preceding case, is inserted in the space 31 and gas is thereafter supplied to the chamber 42 through the valve 45, if so required. The gas flows into the chamber 43 with the igniting means 47 through the valve 4~ and is there ignited by manually activating the igniting means 47. The hot gases then flow through the gas-permeable material 48 along the space 31 and enter the ambient atmosphere through the openings 53. The temperature in the space 31 is adjusted by means of the valve 46 which allows the passage of a predetermined amount of gas per unit of time, and optionally by solution of the material 48 and the gas permeability factor thereof. When the gas permeable material 48 is ceramic it is possible to preselect the number and size of the interstices thereoF per unit area and thereby to determine the rate of gas flow therein and therethrough and the rate of gas permea-tion thereof, and thus also the maximum attainable temperature, so that a separate temperature control can be eliminated and a desired minimum temperature maintained by rate and amount of suction applied so long as gas is available in chamber 42. With other gas-permeable materials, the temperature control is not inherently "built-in" and separate temperature control means should accordingly be provided. When the gas-permeable material employed is non-catalytic or catalytic and wholly or partially self-igniting, then no igniting means is necessary whereas, when no part ~2~
o~ the gas-permeable material 48 is sel~-igniting, then an ignition means 47 is required.
Fig. 4 illus~rates a very simple embodiment of the device according to the invention in which -the required heat is pro~uccd by means of ~wo fluids, pre~erably liquids, 49 and 50 which are enclos~d in;~he space between the walls 34 and 35 and separated by means o~ a partition 51. ~he liquids 49, 50 are selected fromlthe group of liquids which prc~ce heat when mu`xed with each other the preferred liquids to be mixed tcgether are lithium chloride and water. In the device acoording to Fig. 4, the part of the device containing the opening 31 is first bent back and forth, whereby the partition 51 of brittle material is broken and the liquids 49, 50 are mixed with each other so as to generate the required heat. The "cigarette"
may of course also be inserted before the wall 51 is broken. In this embodiment, the mouthpiece 32 has micro-size through openings 52 to allow air to enter into the opening 36 through which the nicotine passes to cool the same before entering the mouth.
The above-described dévices are made of a suitable heat-insulating material so that the mouthpiece 32 held between the lips will not become too hot and uncomfortable.
Fig. 5 illustrates an embodiment of the device according to the in-vention which takes the form of a pipe-bowl 10. The pipe-bowl, which may be made of wood or any other suitable material, defines in a convention-al way a cup~shaped cavity ll having a gas outlet 12 adjacent its bottom and an air inlet 13. The air inlet 13 may also be arranged in a cover 15 to be placed on the top face of the pipe-bowl 10. Along its sides and bottom, the cavity 11 has a heating element 14, e.g., in the form of a heating coil. This heating coil is connected to a battery 16 by an electronic circuit 17 including a manually operable switch and sensor (not shown) operating in the same way as the sensor 41. The battery is maintained in place by means of a screw plug 18. A pipe-stem 19 is connected to the bowl 10 by a threaded portion 20. The device according to Fig. 5 functions in substantially the same manner as the device according to Fig. 2, except for the fact that loose tobacco, and not a "cigarette", is placed in the receiving space 11.
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:--'.
TOBACCO COMPOSITIONS, METNOD AND DEVICE FOR RELEASING ESSENTIALLY PURE
NICOTINE
The present invention concerns tobacco compositions and a non-combustion method of liberating essentially pure nicotine from such compositions. It also includes a device for carrying out the method.
It is now widely recognized that smoking can be a major health hazard. This hazard can be cut down by reducing or eliminating smoking, but smokers find this extremely difficult and it is generally accepted that this difficulty is caused by nicotine-dependence. While the presence of nicotine in tobacco smoke is considered a risk factor, there are other, more important risk factors in the substances formed during the combustion of tobacco such as carbon monooxide, tar products, aldehydes and hydrocyanic acid.
One way of eliminating risk factors other than nicotine is disclosed in the US patent 4,284,089. According to this patent pure nicotine vapors are obtained when air is drawn through a device containing a nicotine mixture disposed within an absorbent member. The nicotine mixture may be selected from the group consisting of nicotine (d), nicotine (1), nicotine (d,l), nicotine salts and nicotine esters.
The US patents 4,141,369 and 4,219,032 disclose devices for non-combustion utilization of tobacco. These devices are concerned with de-signs of the devices different from that according to the present inven-tion. Besides, no information is given on the amount or the purity of nicotine obtained when gas from these devices is inhaled.
Objects of the invention It is an object of the invention to provide a novel tobacco compo-sition which - when air is drawn therethrough for inhalation purposes -liberates essentially pure nicotine.
A second object of the invention is to provide a non-combustion method of liberating essentially pure nicotine for inhalation purposes from the novel tobacco composition.
A third object of the inven-tion is to provide a non-combustion method of liberating essentially pure nicotine from the novel tobacco compositions according to which essentially the same rate and amount of nicotine release is obtained at inhalation as when smoking the corresponding amount of tobacco.
~L 2 5~
A forth object is to provide a non-combustion method of liberating essentially pure nicotine from the novel tobacco compositions, which method requires only moderately elevated temperatures at which essential-ly no thermal decomposition products are formed.
A fifth object of the invention is to provide a device that can be used ~or the inhalation of nicotine from the novel tobacco composition.
A sixth ob~ect of the invention is to provide a nicotine releasing product that can be handled in substantially the same way as the tobacco products presently used, which is not clumsy or complicated and which comprises the device having the novel tobacco compositions included therein.
Summar of the invention y The invention concerns novel tobacco compositions liberating essentially pure nicotine when air is drawn through the composition for e.g. inhalation purposes. The compositions include as major constituents tobacco, water and a basic substance. Optionally oils9 detergents and/or flavoring agents may be added to the compositions.
The invention also concerns a non-combustion method of liberating essentially pure nicotine ~rom these tobacco compositions, comprising the steps o~ mixing a tobacco material optionally containing oils, detergents and/or flavoring agents with water and a basic substance ei~her dissolved or dispersed in the water. The composition obtain-ed is heated to a temperature below the combustion temperature of the tobacco but sufficiently high to liberate nicotine in an amount and at a rate si~ilar to that obtained at smoking when air is drawn through the composition.
The device ~or the release and administration of nicotine according to the invention comprises receiving means which has a space provided with an inlet and an outlet and in which a matrix such as the novel tobacco compositions containing the nicotine is insertable, and a ~uuthpiece communicating with the outlet of said recei~ing space. ~he device is characterized by a heating element associated with said receiving space , said element being adapted upon manual activation to produce heat in said space , and means For restricting the temperature in the receiving space to a predetermined value below the combustion temperature of the matrix.
~L2~5~
Detailed description of the invention The tobacco compositions according to the invention include a mixture consisting essentially of tobacco, water and a basic substance.
The water can be added to the tobacco in the form of ordinary drinking water. Before mixing the tobacco and water it is usually preferable to dissolve or disperse the basic substance in the waker. The tobacco compositions according to the invention can also contain the water in the form of water-containing salts or water-containing zeolites or in the form of heatsensitive microcapsuls. Examples of water-containing salts are hydrated sodium carbonate, calcium hydrates such as calcium monohydrate, dihydrate or hexahydrate, sodium pyrophosphates such as Na4P207lo H20 or Na4P207 2 or sodium ortophosphates such as Na HPO 7 H O or Na?HP04 12 H20. The "dry" water contained in the water-containing salts and in the microcapsuls is set free at the elevated temperature required according to the invention and a wet basic tobacco composition is obtained. This composition is capable of releasing nicotine at inhalation in an amount and at a rate similar to that which is obtained when smoking.
Special ad~antages can be obtained by using Na2C03 10 H20. This salt contains water to such an amount that it will not be necessary to add free water, at the same time as a basic substance necessary to get the required pH is provided. In order to obtain an effective amount of nicotine, i.e. an amount of the same magnitude as when smoking, it is required that the pH of the tobacco compositions according to the present invention exceeds 7. Preferably the pH shall exceed 8 and most preferably 8.8. There seems to be no additional benefit to the use of a pH above 12 and with ordinary tobacco there seems to be no additional benefit to the use of compositions having a pH above 10. However, the upper limit of the pH can be decided separately and according to taste, desired nicotine release and other parameters known to the man skilled in the art.
As pointed out previously a certain amount of water is necessary in order to get a satisfactory nicotine release. It should be pointed out in this context that tobacco contains water in amounts varying between 5 and 25 percent (weight/weight) of the tobacco. For the same reasons as di5cussed above as regards the pH it is obvious that the water content of the tobacco composition according to the invention can vary within a wide range. Good results as regards the nicotine release have been obtained with tobacco compositions having a water content varying between 0.25 and 7, preferably between 1 and 5, 9 water per g ordinary tobacco.
At present the most favourable results have been obtained with about 3 9 water/g ordinary tobacco.
125~
In addition to sodium carbonate the basic material can be selected from a wide variety of substances which, of course, should be non-toxic and preferably tasteless or palatable. Example6 of suitable basic substances to be incorporated in the ~obacco compositions accord-ing to the invention are carbonates or hydroxides of sodium, potassium or calcium.
Various additives can be incorporated into the tobacco compositions according to the invention in order to improve its characteristics.
Examples of such additives are oils, e.g. silicone oils and paraffine oils, detergents, e.g. polyoxyethylene ethers such as BrijTM or TweenTM
and flavoring agents, e.g. menthol, anis.
The present invention also concerns a method for liberating essentially pure nicotine from tobacco for inhalation purposes. This method comprises the steps of mixing a tobacco material optionally containing oil, detergent and/or flavoring agents with water and a-basic substance either dissolved or dispersed in the water and heating the composition obtained to a temperature sufficient to liberate an efficient amount of nicotine but below the combustion temperature of the tobacco.
As previously described the water may be in the form of a watercontain-ing salt or in the form of heatsensitive microcapsuls and optionally the water and the basic substance may be provided in the same substance, e.g. soda.
As described above the efficient amount of nicotine is an amount corresponding to the amount that the smoker obtains when smoking. The temperature required in order to obtain this amount on the composition used can be easily determined by simple experiments. Usually the temperature required varies between 30 and 200C and preferably between 50 and 100C. The most favourable results have been obtained by using temperatures between 70 and 80C. In order to reach the desired tem-perature rapidly it is possible to subject the tobacco composi-tions to a higher temperature initially. When the water is present in bound form in the tobacco composition free water will be liberated upon heating.
, The following tests illustrate the release of nicotine from the compositions according to the invention:
Small glass columns were packed with tobacco compositions according to the invention. The tobacco compositions consisted of 1 9 of tobacco ~25~
that had been soaked w-ith 2 ml of a saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution. Unt.eated tobacco was used as reference. Air (1 liter) was blown through each column at a rate of 50 ml/3-~ s with a syringe and the released nicotine was collected in sulphuric acid solution. UV
absorption measurements indicated that essentially pure nicotine was liberated.
The following results were obtained:
Tobacco composition Temperature C ~eleased nicotine mg/l air According to the 35 0 05 _ 0 13 invention approxØ50 1, 75 " 2.20 Untreated 75 ~ 0 03 The bioavailability o F nicotine, i.e. -the blood plasma nicotine levels, after inhalation of air from the glass columns prepared as described above at 65C and 75C, respectively was also investigated.
The test persons had abstained from smoking or having nicotine in any other way for 12 h before the test.
The following plasma peak values were obtained:
Temperature C Plasma nicotine ng/ml A device for the release and administration of nicotine from the composition described above should comply with two important require-ments. First, i-t must be able to produce heat of a temperature which is below the combustion temperature of the matrix, i.e. tobacco composition, and, secondly, it must be small and easy to transport and handle.
Preferably, it should have the approximate size and shape of a cigarette ho~der or a pipe, i.e. have the appearance o-F an object to which the smoker is accustomed.
In the enclosed drawings, there are shown examples of suitable de-vices. Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a device designed as a "cigarette"
holder, together with a "cigarette", by which is meant a composition of the present invention as herein defined, in the form of a more or less conventional cigarette, with or without an external wrapper of paper, plastic or the like. Figs. 2, 3 and 4 are sectional views of different designs of the device according to Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a device resembling a pipebowl.
In Fig. 1, the device according to the invention is in~the form of cigarette holder 30 defining a cylindrical space 31 which is open at one end of the holder 30 and so dimensioned that an untipped cigarette 33 is insertable therein substantially in its entirety with suitable friction.
At the opposite end, the holder 30 is designed with a mouthpiece 32. It appears that the cigarette holderlike device does not differ to any major extent from a conventional cigarette holder.
The device 30 may take the form of many different embodiments to fulfil the objects of the invention. According to Fig. 2, the peripheral wall of the opening 31 and an outer wall 34 define between them a space of annular cross-section having a length corresponding to that of the "cigarette" 33. At its end remote From the insertion end, the opening 31 merges into an opening 36 of reduced cross-section via an abutment 37 restricting the depth of insertion oF the "cigarette" 33. The annular channel defined between the walls 34, 35 is slightly widened in the area between the abutment 37 and the mouthpiece 32 to provide room in this widened space 38 for an electric battery 39. This battery 39 is connect-ed over a switch (not shown) to a heating coil 40 surrounding the wall 35 deFining the opening 31. In the lines (not shown) between the battery 39 and the coil 40, there is connected a circuit comprising a temperature sensor 41, preferably also comprising predetermined temperature maximizing and minimizing means (not shown). In the use of the holder according to Fig. 2, a "cigarette" 33 is introduced in the opening 31 and the switch (not shown) is activated so that current is supplied to the coil 40 which then supplies heat to the "clgarette" 33 in the space 31. When the predetermined maximum temperature has been reached, this is detected by the sensor 41 which disconnects the battery 39 and reconnects it again when the lower temperature minimum is reached. The temperature in the space 31 can be maintained by means of the illustrated device within a desired narrow temperature range. The Figure merely illustrates the main parts of the device schematically whereas such components as switches, leads, etc., are not illustrated inasmuch as the device can be modified in many different ways within the scope of the invention and the details may vary from one embodiment to another and because such means as are not illustrated are conventional in the art.
~2~ 8~
~.~
Fig. 3 illustrates another embodiment of the invention, in which the electric heating device has been replaced by a gas burner device.
Thus, the walls 34 and 35 define between them a chamber 42 which can be filled with gas through a conventional charging valve 45, e.g., of the type used in cigarette-lighters. Between the walls,`there is arranged a further chamber 43 accomodating an igniting device 47 which may also be of the same type as employed conventionally in cigarette-lighters.
The two chambers are separated by a partition 44 in which a flow control valve 46 for controlling the flow of gas into the chamber 43 (and then into material 48) is disposed. The remainder of the space between the walls 34 and 35 up to the cigarette insertion end is filled with a suitable, incombustible material which is gas-permeable. To this end, use may be made of different ceramic materials in a suitable design or quite simply suitably packed temperature-stable, high surface area materials such as glass fibres, particles, or shreds, terracotta, mineral wool or the like. The space between the walls 34, 35 is sealed at the cigarette insertion end but has vent openings 53 to allow air and oxygen intake and gas combustion and exhaust. In the use of this embodiment of the device the-"cigarette" 33, as in the preceding case, is inserted in the space 31 and gas is thereafter supplied to the chamber 42 through the valve 45, if so required. The gas flows into the chamber 43 with the igniting means 47 through the valve 4~ and is there ignited by manually activating the igniting means 47. The hot gases then flow through the gas-permeable material 48 along the space 31 and enter the ambient atmosphere through the openings 53. The temperature in the space 31 is adjusted by means of the valve 46 which allows the passage of a predetermined amount of gas per unit of time, and optionally by solution of the material 48 and the gas permeability factor thereof. When the gas permeable material 48 is ceramic it is possible to preselect the number and size of the interstices thereoF per unit area and thereby to determine the rate of gas flow therein and therethrough and the rate of gas permea-tion thereof, and thus also the maximum attainable temperature, so that a separate temperature control can be eliminated and a desired minimum temperature maintained by rate and amount of suction applied so long as gas is available in chamber 42. With other gas-permeable materials, the temperature control is not inherently "built-in" and separate temperature control means should accordingly be provided. When the gas-permeable material employed is non-catalytic or catalytic and wholly or partially self-igniting, then no igniting means is necessary whereas, when no part ~2~
o~ the gas-permeable material 48 is sel~-igniting, then an ignition means 47 is required.
Fig. 4 illus~rates a very simple embodiment of the device according to the invention in which -the required heat is pro~uccd by means of ~wo fluids, pre~erably liquids, 49 and 50 which are enclos~d in;~he space between the walls 34 and 35 and separated by means o~ a partition 51. ~he liquids 49, 50 are selected fromlthe group of liquids which prc~ce heat when mu`xed with each other the preferred liquids to be mixed tcgether are lithium chloride and water. In the device acoording to Fig. 4, the part of the device containing the opening 31 is first bent back and forth, whereby the partition 51 of brittle material is broken and the liquids 49, 50 are mixed with each other so as to generate the required heat. The "cigarette"
may of course also be inserted before the wall 51 is broken. In this embodiment, the mouthpiece 32 has micro-size through openings 52 to allow air to enter into the opening 36 through which the nicotine passes to cool the same before entering the mouth.
The above-described dévices are made of a suitable heat-insulating material so that the mouthpiece 32 held between the lips will not become too hot and uncomfortable.
Fig. 5 illustrates an embodiment of the device according to the in-vention which takes the form of a pipe-bowl 10. The pipe-bowl, which may be made of wood or any other suitable material, defines in a convention-al way a cup~shaped cavity ll having a gas outlet 12 adjacent its bottom and an air inlet 13. The air inlet 13 may also be arranged in a cover 15 to be placed on the top face of the pipe-bowl 10. Along its sides and bottom, the cavity 11 has a heating element 14, e.g., in the form of a heating coil. This heating coil is connected to a battery 16 by an electronic circuit 17 including a manually operable switch and sensor (not shown) operating in the same way as the sensor 41. The battery is maintained in place by means of a screw plug 18. A pipe-stem 19 is connected to the bowl 10 by a threaded portion 20. The device according to Fig. 5 functions in substantially the same manner as the device according to Fig. 2, except for the fact that loose tobacco, and not a "cigarette", is placed in the receiving space 11.
r~A~
:--'.
Claims (29)
1. A tobacco composition for liberating essentially pure nicotine in effective amounts for inhalation purposes, when air is drawn therethrough and when subjected to elevated temperatures below the combustion temperature of the tobacco, comprising a mixture of tobacco, water and a basic material.
2. Composition according to claim 1 characterized in that the water is present in the form of a water-containing salt.
3. Composition according to claim 1 characterized in that the water is present as a water-containing zeolite.
4. Composition according to claim 1 characterized in that the water and the basic material are present in the form of Na2CO3 10 H2O.
5. Composition according to claim 1 characterized in that the basic material is selected from the group consisting of carbon-ates and hydroxides of sodium, potassium and calcium.
6. Composition according to claim 1 characterized in that the water is present in the form of heat-sensitive micro-capsuls.
7. Composition according to any of claims 1, 2 or 3 charac-terized in that the water is present in 0.25-7 g of water per gram of tobacco.
8. Composition according to any of claims 4, 5 or 6 charac-terized in that the water is present in 0.25-7 g of water per gram of tobacco.
9. Composition according to any of claims 1, 2 or 3 charac-terized in that the water is present in 1-5 g of water per gram of tobacco.
10. Composition according to any of claims 4, 5 or 6 charac-terized in that the water is present in 1-5 g of water per gram of tobacco.
11. Composition according to any of claims 1, 2 or 3 in which the pH of the composition is at least 8.8.
12. Composition according to any of claims 4, 5 or 6 in which the pH of the composition is at least 8.8
13. Composition according to any of claims 1, 2 or 3, additionally including at least one of an oil, a detergent and a flavouring agent.
14. Composition according to any of claims 4, 5 or 6, additionally including at least one of an oil, a detergent and a flavouring agent.
15. A method of liberating essentially pure nicotine from tobacco compositions comprising the step of mixing a tobacco material with water and a basic substance dissolved or dispersed in the water and heating the composition obtained to an elevated temperature below the combustion-temperature of the tobacco but sufficiently high to liberate an effective amount of nicotine for inhalation purposes when air is drawn through the composition.
16. A method as claimed in claim 15 where the water, prior to the heating step is present in the form of a water-containing salt.
17. A method as claimed in claim 16 in which the water-containing salt is selected from the group consisting of hydrated sodium carbonate and water-containing zeolites.
18. A method as claimed in any of claims 15, 16 or 17, in which the elevated temperature is from 30°C to 200°C.
19. A method as claimed in any of claims 15, 16 and 17, in which the elevated temperature is from 50°C to 100°C.
20. Device for the release and administration of nicotine in gaseous form, comprising receiving means which has a receiving space provided therein with an inlet and an outlet and in which a matrix containing the nicotine is insertable, and a mouthpiece communicating with the outlet of said receiving space, and a heat-ing element associated with said receiving space, said element being adapted to produce heat in said space to a predetermined temperature below the combustion temperature of the matrix.
21. Device as claimed in claim 20 in which the heating element is a heating coil connectible to a battery and disposed in the wall defining the receiving space.
22. Device as claimed in claim 20 in which the heating element is a gas burner comprising an igniter which is adapted to ignite gas flowing from a gas storage space through a control valve to a channel communicating with the ambient atmosphere and containing a gas-permeable material.
23. Device as claimed in claim 22 in which the gas-permeable material is a catalytic combustion matrix.
24. Device as claimed in claim 22 in which the gas-permeablematerial is mineral wool.
25. Device as claimed in claim 20 in which the heating element is a container holding two fluids separated by a rupturable partition, said fluids being fluids which produce heat when mixed.
26. Device as claimed in claim 25 in which the fluids are lithium chloride and water.
27. Device as claimed in claim 21 comprising temperature restricting means which include a temperature sensor connected to the battery and means for disconnecting the heating coil from the battery when said predetermined temperature is exceeded.
28. Device as claimed in any of claims 22, 23 or 24 in which the control valve between the gas storage space and the chan-nel constitutes a temperature restricting means and interrupts gas flow when said predetermined temperature is exceeded.
29. Device as claimed in claim 25 or 26 in which the fluid volumes and the ratio between them are chosen so that the amount of heat to be produced by their mixing is insufficient to cause the matrix to exceed said predetermined temperature.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE8405479A SE8405479D0 (en) | 1984-11-01 | 1984-11-01 | WANT TO ADMINISTER VOCABULARY, PHYSIOLOGY, ACTIVE SUBJECTS AND DEVICE FOR THIS |
| SE8405479-0 | 1984-11-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1259181A true CA1259181A (en) | 1989-09-12 |
Family
ID=20357577
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000494091A Expired CA1259181A (en) | 1984-11-01 | 1985-10-29 | Tobacco compositions, method and device for releasing essentially pure nicotine |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US4776353A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0230420B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS62501050A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN86102917A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU5015385A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1259181A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3582255D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK313886A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO862617L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE8405479D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1986002528A1 (en) |
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| US2104266A (en) * | 1935-09-23 | 1938-01-04 | William J Mccormick | Means for the production and inhalation of tobacco fumes |
| US2972557A (en) * | 1957-10-14 | 1961-02-21 | Basic Res Corp | Tobacco smoking product |
| US3292636A (en) * | 1964-05-04 | 1966-12-20 | Union Carbide Corp | Smoking tobacco preparation |
| GB1116644A (en) * | 1964-09-14 | 1968-06-12 | Philip Morris Inc | Tobacco products |
| GB1185887A (en) * | 1966-06-22 | 1970-03-25 | Synectics Inc | Smoking Article |
| GB1289766A (en) * | 1970-06-25 | 1972-09-20 | ||
| GB1316987A (en) * | 1970-08-06 | 1973-05-16 | Bursztyn I | Smoking tobaccos |
| US4141369A (en) * | 1977-01-24 | 1979-02-27 | Burruss Robert P | Noncombustion system for the utilization of tobacco and other smoking materials |
| US4219032A (en) * | 1977-11-30 | 1980-08-26 | Reiner Steven H | Smoking device |
| US4149548A (en) * | 1978-09-21 | 1979-04-17 | Bradshaw John C | Therapeutic cigarette-substitute |
| US4284089A (en) * | 1978-10-02 | 1981-08-18 | Ray Jon P | Simulated smoking device |
| US4340072A (en) * | 1979-11-16 | 1982-07-20 | Imperial Group Limited | Smokeable device |
| US4303083A (en) * | 1980-10-10 | 1981-12-01 | Burruss Jr Robert P | Device for evaporation and inhalation of volatile compounds and medications |
| US4474191A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1984-10-02 | Steiner Pierre G | Tar-free smoking devices |
| EP0155514B1 (en) * | 1984-02-29 | 1988-06-08 | Efka-Werke Fritz Kiehn GmbH | System for making a cigarette, method and device using the system |
| US4735217A (en) * | 1986-08-21 | 1988-04-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Dosing device to provide vaporized medicament to the lungs as a fine aerosol |
-
1984
- 1984-11-01 SE SE8405479A patent/SE8405479D0/en unknown
-
1985
- 1985-10-29 WO PCT/SE1985/000424 patent/WO1986002528A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1985-10-29 EP EP85905545A patent/EP0230420B1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-10-29 CA CA000494091A patent/CA1259181A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-10-29 DE DE8585905545T patent/DE3582255D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-10-29 AU AU50153/85A patent/AU5015385A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1985-10-29 JP JP60504911A patent/JPS62501050A/en active Pending
-
1986
- 1986-04-30 CN CN198686102917A patent/CN86102917A/en active Pending
- 1986-06-19 US US06/882,929 patent/US4776353A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-06-27 NO NO862617A patent/NO862617L/en unknown
- 1986-07-01 DK DK313886A patent/DK313886A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1988
- 1988-01-26 US US07/148,553 patent/US4848376A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-01-26 US US07/148,701 patent/US4907606A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0230420B1 (en) | 1991-03-20 |
| US4907606A (en) | 1990-03-13 |
| DK313886D0 (en) | 1986-07-01 |
| NO862617D0 (en) | 1986-06-27 |
| DE3582255D1 (en) | 1991-04-25 |
| US4776353A (en) | 1988-10-11 |
| NO862617L (en) | 1986-06-27 |
| US4848376A (en) | 1989-07-18 |
| JPS62501050A (en) | 1987-04-30 |
| EP0230420A1 (en) | 1987-08-05 |
| WO1986002528A1 (en) | 1986-05-09 |
| CN86102917A (en) | 1987-11-11 |
| DK313886A (en) | 1986-07-15 |
| SE8405479D0 (en) | 1984-11-01 |
| AU5015385A (en) | 1986-05-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |