CA1265408A - Cryogenic-and-ultrasonic scalpel - Google Patents
Cryogenic-and-ultrasonic scalpelInfo
- Publication number
- CA1265408A CA1265408A CA000522962A CA522962A CA1265408A CA 1265408 A CA1265408 A CA 1265408A CA 000522962 A CA000522962 A CA 000522962A CA 522962 A CA522962 A CA 522962A CA 1265408 A CA1265408 A CA 1265408A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- blade
- heat exchanger
- ultrasonic
- outside tube
- cryogenic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
- A61B17/22004—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves
- A61B17/22012—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by cooling, e.g. cryogenic techniques
- A61B18/0206—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by cooling, e.g. cryogenic techniques ultrasonic, e.g. for destroying tissue or enhancing freezing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
- A61B2017/320082—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic for incising tissue
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
- A61B2017/320089—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic node location
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B19/00—Machines, plants or systems, using evaporation of a refrigerant but without recovery of the vapour
- F25B19/005—Machines, plants or systems, using evaporation of a refrigerant but without recovery of the vapour the refrigerant being a liquefied gas
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S128/00—Surgery
- Y10S128/27—Cryogenic
Abstract
CRYOGENIC-AND-ULTRASONIC SCALPEL
Abstract of the disclosure A cryogenic-and-ultrasonic scalpel comprises a body, a source of ultrasonic vibrations accommo-dated in the body, a transformer connected to the source of ultrasonic vibrations, and a tublar heat exchanger adapted for refrigerent to admit to and withdraw from the sculpel blade, said heat ex-changer being accommodated in the body and made as at least two intercommunicating coaxial tubes.
The blade and the transformer are connected to the outside tube, ultrasonic vibrations being imparted to the outside tube and further to the blade through said transformer.
Abstract of the disclosure A cryogenic-and-ultrasonic scalpel comprises a body, a source of ultrasonic vibrations accommo-dated in the body, a transformer connected to the source of ultrasonic vibrations, and a tublar heat exchanger adapted for refrigerent to admit to and withdraw from the sculpel blade, said heat ex-changer being accommodated in the body and made as at least two intercommunicating coaxial tubes.
The blade and the transformer are connected to the outside tube, ultrasonic vibrations being imparted to the outside tube and further to the blade through said transformer.
Description
i5~
Field o~ the Inveriti~n ~he inventiDn r~lates generallg to ~urgical instruments and more specifically it cDneern~ cryD-genic-and-ultrasonic sealpels.
~e inventiDn can find applicatiDn fDr surgery Dn soft tissues and parenchymatDus Drgans, i.e , the liver, paneraas, ~idneys, lungs, spleen~ a~ well as in neur~surgery.
Baekgr D und Art KnDwn in ~he present state of the art are ergD-genic-and-ultrasonle ~urgieal instruments, partieu-larly, prDbes wbich eDmprise a mechanism jDining t~e wDrking pDrtiDn with the souree of ultrasonic vibrati~ns, a jacket f~r refrigerant tD pags~ Lnter-posed between the insbrumenb base and the s~urce of ultrasDnic vibratiDns, and a nozzle located at the inlet of the refrigerant to the in6trumenb (cf , e g., U~SR InYentor's Certificate ND. 460,869 Int~
Cl. A61~ 7/00, 1975, Bulletin No. 7, inve~tDrs A.A.Pisarevsky et al.). Eowe~er, the instrument is unsuitable fDr surgery as not eapable of disseeting - tissues.
There i~ known a eryogenie-and-ultrasonie seal-pel, eomprisi~g a body aeeDmmodating a souree of ult-rasDnie vibratiDns, a blade eonneeted bD the sDureeDf ultrasonie vibration3 thrDugb a transfDrmer and a tubular heat exehanger for refrigerant bo admit ~bD and witbdraw frDm tbe blade. ~be heat exehanger o~
i9 ~as~ion~d as a U~ube i~9talled with a possibility of thermal contact ~it~ th0 blad0 lateral surface and is co~nect0d to the refrigerant admi~sion and withdrawal pipes through bellows lDcatad within bhe zDn0 Df a standing wav0 arising ~hen the blade is connected to the sourc0 Df Ultra9D!liC VibratiDnS.
~he tubes of the heat exchanger taper towards ths cutting edge of the scalpel. (cf., e.g., USSR In-ve~tDr's Certificabe ND. 825056 Int.Gl. A61B
17/36, 1981, Bulletin No. 16, inventors L.~.Paramono-va et al.).
Disadva~tages inherent in the afDresaid cryDgenic-and-ultra~onic scalpel reside in a 1DW hemostatic effect and inad0guate tissue di~sect~on rate in sur-gery on soft tissues and parenchymatous organs, suchas the liver or pancreas, due tD toD low refrigera-ting capacity of bhe U-shaped tubular heat exchan-g0r. ~hese disadvantage~ stem from the fact the blade feature~ direct and thermal contact with the transformer at the pDint of their interconnection.
In this case, considerable part of heat evolved by the transformer and the sDurce Df ultrasonic vibrations due tD great 10~9 of ConVerSiDn Df elactric ulbrasonic power into mechanical~ i5 translated tD the blade, thus causing its tempe-rature rise~ A~ a result~ tbe refrigerating capaci-ty Df the U-shaped heat exchanger which is in the~mal contact not only with the blade but also ~2 ~5~
with the abundarltly bluDd-supplied organ being ~pe-rated (e.g~, the liver)~ happena tD b~ insufficient, especially in cases Df prolDnged surgerg, thus ca-using tissue sticking tD the blade, reduced tissue dissection rate and ~dversel~ affected hemDstatic therapeutic e~ect.
MOreDVer 3 tha U-shape Df the heat exchanger fea-turing khe refrigerant admissiDn and withdraual pipes spaced sDmewhat apart renders tbe instrument toD
10 unwield~ and bence inconvenient in operatiDn.
Summary ~f the Invention It is an object of the inventiDn tD provide a cryDgenic-and-ultrasDnic scalpel, wherein the tissue being dissected wDuld be prevented frDm sticking 15 tD the blade.
It is another object ~f the invention tD retain sucb a tissue dissectiDn rate that is equal tD bhe dissectiDn rate obtained with a conventiDnal ~calpel.
It is one mDre object Df the inventiDn to provide 20 a higher hemostatic therapeutic effect in tbe course D f surg~y.
It is still more object of the invention to maintain the temperature of bhe instrument below 1~0C in order tD elimin~te tis~ue sticking to the 25 blade.
It is yet ~till more Dbject Df the inventiDn tD prDvide a scalpel that wDuld be Df 1DW bulk and handy in Dperation. 4 It is a further Db ject Df the inYsnti~n tD
reduce traumatic lesiDn inflicted upDn th~ ~is9U~ S
Df the Drgan~ Dpsrated upon It i3 an additiDnal object Df the inventiDn tD prDvide a scalpel that wDuld be ins~rumental in establishing a maximum depth uf tissue fre~zing Df 2 mm, that is, in eliminating temperature trauma-tization o~ tissu~.
It is slso an obj0ct Df ths invention to reduce 10 the amDunt of heat inflDw tD the blade and hence to increase the refrigerating cspacity of the ins-trumsnt.
It is likewise an Dbject o~ the invention to prDvid~ an automatic adjustment Df freguencg of ult-rasonic vibrations due tD reduced 1DSS Df CDnVer~sion Df ultrasDnic electric power into mechanical Dne .
~ hese Dbjects are accDmplished due tD the fact that in a cryDgsnic-and-ultrasonic scalpel, compri-sing a bDdy accommodating a sDurce of ultrasonicvibrations, a blade connected to the so~rce Df ultrasDnic vibrations thrDugh a transfDrmer, and a tubular heat exchan~er for refrigerant to ad-mit tD and withdraw frDm tbe blade, accDrding to the invention9 ths tubular heat excbanOer i8 faShiD-nsd as at least tWD coaxigl intercDmmunicating tubes, and tbe transform~r i5 connect~d to tb~ outsid~ tu-~ 65~
be of the ~ubular heat exchan~er SD a3 tD impart ultrasDnic vibrations to the abov0said tube.
It is expedienb that Ibhe tran~former be made as a bollDw bDdy Df revDlutiDn whD9e through bor~
accommodates the out 8 ide cDaxiallg arranged tube of the tubular heat exchanger in the fDrm, of, e.g~, a holl~w cone frustum ~he greater base of which is connected to the sDurce of ultrasonic vibrations, while the lesser base is rigidly linked bo the Dut-side tube of the tubular heat exchanger so as tD lm-part ultrasonic vibrations to the scalpel blade.
A longibudinal slit may be made in the outside tube of the tubular heat excbanger for the scalpel blade to be ti~htly held therein, while the blade surface facing i~to t~e bore of the outside tube may bs shaped as at least single-rDw comb.
It is desirable that the hol3s in the inside tube Df the tubuIar heat exchanger be directed to-wards the co~b shaped blade portion.
It is al90 practicable that an ultrasDnic vib-ration pickup be oonnected to the sDurce of ultraso-nic vibration~ and be accDmmDdated insido the bDdy ~o as tD pr~vids contrD1 of the frequency Df ulbra-sDnic vibrations, ~aid ultrasonic vibration pickup being expedient to be located within the antinode zone Df a sDund wave arising from excitation Df the sDur-.
ce Df ultrasDnic vibrations.
5~
Brief Description of ~he Dra~ings Otbar Dbjecta and advantage~ of tha prese~t invention will beccme appare~t bareinbalow from a cDn~idaratiDn D-f some specific embDdiments the-reDf with rafarenca tD tha accompanying drawingwherein:
~ IG. 1 is a genaral lDngitudinal sactiDnal viaw Df a cryDgenic-and ultrasonic scalpel, accDr-di~g tD tha invention; and FIG. 2 i9 a ~ectiDn taken througb th~ scalpel Df ~IG~ 1 along the line II-II tberein.
Detailed Descriptio~ of the InvantiDn - The cryogenic-and-ultrasonic scalpel Df the invention comprises a bDdy l, a sDurce 2 of ultra-sDnic vibra~iDns accommodated in tha bDdy 1 and provided with an ane~gizing coil 3 and a magnetostric-ti~a element 4.
Connectad to bhe source 2 is a transformar 5 which i~ made as a hollow bod~ of ravoluti~, the most aff~ciant shape of the transformar proved to be a bDllDw cone frustum whDsa greater basa 6 is co~nectad tD bhe source 2. Accommodatad inside the body 1 in a thr~ugh bora of the t ansformer 5 is a tubular haat exchanger 7 adapted for a raf~ige-ra~t tD admit and withdraw. ~he heat exohanger i9co~titub0d by at least two i~tercDmmunicating coaxial tubes 8 and 9, Df whicb the Dutside tube 8 : -7-::
~ 6~
is connected tD a lesser base 10 of the transfDr-mer 5 SD as tD transmit ultrasDnic vibrations tD
said tube 8.
~he he2t exchang0r 7 ma~ have such tubes in excess of two in number, thDugh tbe number Df tubes dspe~ds Dn requirements tD the re~rigerating capa-city Df the heat exchanger 7~ Tbe accDmanying dra-WiRgS represent an embodiment Df the heat e~changsr 7 incorporatiRg tWD tubes, hDwaver, three, four, or 10 mDre tubes ma~ be employed to goDd advantage.
A longitudinal slit i9 made in tbe Dutside tube 8 of the beat exchanger 7 on its section prDbruding beyond the body 1j a blade 11 (~IG. 2) being tight-ly held ih said slit.
~he surface Df the blade 11 (~IG. 1) bhat faces intD the bDre Df the tube 8 i9 sbaped as ab least a single-row cDmb 12 fDr t~e sake of increased con-tact area Df the blade 11 with tbe refrigerant. With a view to still mors incr6asiRg tbe afDresaid COR-tact area the comb 12 may be made Df a mulbirow design, e.g., tbree-rDw a~ shown in FIG. 2.
A plurality o~ holes 13 are made in the inside tube 9 of the heat exchanger 7 at the level o~ the comb 12 for tbe refrigerant to pass.
~he inside tube 9 (FIG. 1) and the outside tu-be 8 af the héa~ excha~ger 7 are connected respe~-tiveIy to sleeV~9 14 and 15 thro~gh bellow~ 16 and 17.
~ -8-:, ~2~ 8 Connected t D the 9D~ ce 2 (FIG. 1~ i8 an ult-rasonic vibration pickup 18 wbich is accommodat0d in the body 1 and p.rovides ~or contrDl].in~ of tbe frequency of ul~rasonic vibrations. The pickup 18 is mosb 0fficient to be installed wibbin the anti-nDds Z D ne of an ultrasDnic wave arising ~rDm exci~
tation of ths source 2.
~he bDdy 1 is tightly closed with a cDver 19 seated in gaskebs 200 In tbe embDdiment considered herein the bla-de 11 is held in place ~ith a cutting edge 21 up-wards.
The cryogenic-and-ultrasonic scalpel is pre-pared for ~peration as follows.
~he re~rigerant is fed along tbe inlet sleeve 14 through the bellDws ~6, in the directiDn of an arrow 22, to the heat exc~anger 7, whereupon it flDws alDng its inside tu~e 9 and upon emerging from the hole 13, it gets onto the teeth D~ tbe comb 12 of the blade 110 Tbe resultant vapDur-liguid mixture is dischar-ged from the heat exchanger 7 along its outside tube 8 through the ballow9 17 and the 91eeve 15 as indicated witb arrDws 23.
l'he working temperature setting time o~ the cryogenic-and-ultrasonic scalpel, wben using liquid nitrogen at 80 K as a refrigerant, ranges witbin 3 _9_ ~ 6~ 0 ~
and 5 min a~ a positive pressur0 in ~he ~eed reser-vDir equal tD 0.2 105 or 0.5 105 Pa. ~hile getting cDoled the blade i0 first cDvered with hoar-~rD3t, and Dn reaching a temperature of 80 K the atmospheric gases get lique~ied on the blade, which is mani-fested by fDrmation Df a thin film of liquid air on the outside tube 8 Df the heat excbanger 7 extending frDm the bDdy 1 and on tbe blade 1~ tightly held in the longitudinal slit of said tube.
Once the wDrking temperature of th~ scalpel has besn attained, the source 2 Df ultrasonic vibrations is energized. ~D obtain tbe maximum vibratiDn amp~i-tude o~ the blade 11 the frequency of the source 2 is aut~matically adjusted for the resonant level witb the aid of the ultrasonic vibration pickup 18.
~his in turn leads to the maximum vibrati~n am~litude Df the blade 11, eliminabes stic~ing Df the tissues operated upon to the blade 11 and enhances the he- -mostatic effect produced, whereupon the organ is operated upDn.
In the ~ase of surgery Dn the sDft tissues Dr parenhcymatous Drgans the working temperature of the blade is withln 120 E~ since th~ inflows Df cold to tbe blade 11 from the heat exchanger 7 exceed the inflcws of beab ~rom the Drgan being operated, High hemostatic effect is observed even when the blade 11 is intrDduced completely into the Drgan being Dperated SD thak ~e tis3ue in contact with the portiDn of the outside tube 8 0xtandin~ frDm the heat exchanger 7 and carrying the blade 11 tigth-ly held in th0 lDngitudinal slit, i9 CDDled ak the highest rate. Tha tissue dissectiDn rate is adjus-ted by an apprnpriately selected refregirant pres-sure, whereby sticking D~ the tissue Df the Drgan Dperated upon t~ the blade 11 is elimi~ated. This in turn makes it pDssible to dissect tissues witb 10 the propDsed cryoge~ic-and-ultrasDnic scalpel at - a rate equal to that Df a conv0ntiona~ surgical scalpel even in cases Df prDlDnged surgery on such organs as the llver and pancreas.
~hanks tD the fact tha~ the blade 11 is tightly held i~ the longitudinal slit Df the Dutside tube 8 of tbe haat e~changer 7 extending f~Dm the body 1 ~nd that the blade surface facing intD the bore of the heat exchanger tube i8 shaped as the multi-rDw comb 12 wb~se teeth ~ace tDwards the inside tu-be 9 Df the heat excbanger 7 prDvided with the ho-les 13 spaced thrDughDut the length of the cDmb 12, there occurs more efficient cooli~g Df the blade 11 ~f the cryDgenic~and-ulbrasonic sc~lpcl due tD an increased ar0a of heat transfer between the refri-gerant and tbe blade 11. Moreover, additio~al provi-sion Df the pickup 18 on the source 2 of ultrasonic vibrations within the antinode æDne of an ultra-~2 ~S~0~
sDnic wave resulting frDm excitation Df said sD~ce makes p~ssible an autDmatic adjustment Df ~he fre-guency Df the source 2 Df ultragonic VibratiDnS
in the cDurse Df the scalpel operatiDn, ~bis in turn results in 3 to 5 fDld reductiDn of heat evolu-tiDn frDm tbe transfDrmer 5 (due tD lovJer loss Df cDnversiDn of ultrasunic electric pDwer intD mecha-nical Dne), that i5, in decreased heat inflows tD
the blade 11. Apar~ from ~his, the tissue Df the Drgan Dperated upon is prevented from sticking tD
the blade 11, tba ra~e of tissue dissection i~ in-creased and the therapeutic bemostatic effecb is enhanced.
Provisi~n of the heat exchanger 7 in the shape Df the cDaxialIy arranged tubes, tbe outside tube 8 and tbe i~side tube 9, both being ~ccommDda~ed in the tbrDugh bore of the hollD~ transformer 5, re-ducas overall dimensiDns of the scalpel and makes manipulatiD~s with it more convenient, ~ithDut inju-ring the tissues of tbe parencbymatDus Drgan bèingoperated. ~esides, no tissue sticking to the bla-de 11 Dccurs, the dissection xate is increased and any postoperative complicatiDn~ become less possib-1~ .
25 ~he present cryDg~nic-and-ultrasonic scalpel bas been tested experimentally on twelve tcst ani-mals, wberein resection of the liver of tbe diffe-: ~ -12-rence e~tension~ ha~ been p~r~Drm~d~ It i~ e~tab-li~hed that the present ~calpel, a~r ha~ing reached the working ~emperature, is capable of ti~sue di3sec-ting at a rate Df a cDnvention~l ~calpel, involves n~ tissue sticking tD the blade 11 and prDduce~ he-matostasis Dn parenchymat~us vessels having a diame-tsr up to 2 mm~
Witb tbs use of the present cryogenic-and-ult-rasDnic scalpel tbere have been performed a total of seven liver resectiOn under clinical cDnditiDns (i.e., lobectomies and halving~ Df the organ) for sDme parasitic diseases (alveDlDcoccDsis, echnD-C DCCDSiS) and tumors, as well as for purulent pro-c~sses. All sxperimental data characberizing the scalpel DperatiDn have been fully corrDborated during the aforementi~ned surgery~ Ths patients operated upon have sustained surgery successfully and recDvered uneventfully. ~here has been Dbserved a prDnDuncsd hsmDstatic effect during surgery (i.s., arresting Df the parenchymatous bleeding). ~he hDspitalizatiDn periDd Df the patisnts has been cut dDvJn, ~OD.
Field o~ the Inveriti~n ~he inventiDn r~lates generallg to ~urgical instruments and more specifically it cDneern~ cryD-genic-and-ultrasonic sealpels.
~e inventiDn can find applicatiDn fDr surgery Dn soft tissues and parenchymatDus Drgans, i.e , the liver, paneraas, ~idneys, lungs, spleen~ a~ well as in neur~surgery.
Baekgr D und Art KnDwn in ~he present state of the art are ergD-genic-and-ultrasonle ~urgieal instruments, partieu-larly, prDbes wbich eDmprise a mechanism jDining t~e wDrking pDrtiDn with the souree of ultrasonic vibrati~ns, a jacket f~r refrigerant tD pags~ Lnter-posed between the insbrumenb base and the s~urce of ultrasDnic vibratiDns, and a nozzle located at the inlet of the refrigerant to the in6trumenb (cf , e g., U~SR InYentor's Certificate ND. 460,869 Int~
Cl. A61~ 7/00, 1975, Bulletin No. 7, inve~tDrs A.A.Pisarevsky et al.). Eowe~er, the instrument is unsuitable fDr surgery as not eapable of disseeting - tissues.
There i~ known a eryogenie-and-ultrasonie seal-pel, eomprisi~g a body aeeDmmodating a souree of ult-rasDnie vibratiDns, a blade eonneeted bD the sDureeDf ultrasonie vibration3 thrDugb a transfDrmer and a tubular heat exehanger for refrigerant bo admit ~bD and witbdraw frDm tbe blade. ~be heat exehanger o~
i9 ~as~ion~d as a U~ube i~9talled with a possibility of thermal contact ~it~ th0 blad0 lateral surface and is co~nect0d to the refrigerant admi~sion and withdrawal pipes through bellows lDcatad within bhe zDn0 Df a standing wav0 arising ~hen the blade is connected to the sourc0 Df Ultra9D!liC VibratiDnS.
~he tubes of the heat exchanger taper towards ths cutting edge of the scalpel. (cf., e.g., USSR In-ve~tDr's Certificabe ND. 825056 Int.Gl. A61B
17/36, 1981, Bulletin No. 16, inventors L.~.Paramono-va et al.).
Disadva~tages inherent in the afDresaid cryDgenic-and-ultra~onic scalpel reside in a 1DW hemostatic effect and inad0guate tissue di~sect~on rate in sur-gery on soft tissues and parenchymatous organs, suchas the liver or pancreas, due tD toD low refrigera-ting capacity of bhe U-shaped tubular heat exchan-g0r. ~hese disadvantage~ stem from the fact the blade feature~ direct and thermal contact with the transformer at the pDint of their interconnection.
In this case, considerable part of heat evolved by the transformer and the sDurce Df ultrasonic vibrations due tD great 10~9 of ConVerSiDn Df elactric ulbrasonic power into mechanical~ i5 translated tD the blade, thus causing its tempe-rature rise~ A~ a result~ tbe refrigerating capaci-ty Df the U-shaped heat exchanger which is in the~mal contact not only with the blade but also ~2 ~5~
with the abundarltly bluDd-supplied organ being ~pe-rated (e.g~, the liver)~ happena tD b~ insufficient, especially in cases Df prolDnged surgerg, thus ca-using tissue sticking tD the blade, reduced tissue dissection rate and ~dversel~ affected hemDstatic therapeutic e~ect.
MOreDVer 3 tha U-shape Df the heat exchanger fea-turing khe refrigerant admissiDn and withdraual pipes spaced sDmewhat apart renders tbe instrument toD
10 unwield~ and bence inconvenient in operatiDn.
Summary ~f the Invention It is an object of the inventiDn tD provide a cryDgenic-and-ultrasDnic scalpel, wherein the tissue being dissected wDuld be prevented frDm sticking 15 tD the blade.
It is another object ~f the invention tD retain sucb a tissue dissectiDn rate that is equal tD bhe dissectiDn rate obtained with a conventiDnal ~calpel.
It is one mDre object Df the inventiDn to provide 20 a higher hemostatic therapeutic effect in tbe course D f surg~y.
It is still more object of the invention to maintain the temperature of bhe instrument below 1~0C in order tD elimin~te tis~ue sticking to the 25 blade.
It is yet ~till more Dbject Df the inventiDn tD prDvide a scalpel that wDuld be Df 1DW bulk and handy in Dperation. 4 It is a further Db ject Df the inYsnti~n tD
reduce traumatic lesiDn inflicted upDn th~ ~is9U~ S
Df the Drgan~ Dpsrated upon It i3 an additiDnal object Df the inventiDn tD prDvide a scalpel that wDuld be ins~rumental in establishing a maximum depth uf tissue fre~zing Df 2 mm, that is, in eliminating temperature trauma-tization o~ tissu~.
It is slso an obj0ct Df ths invention to reduce 10 the amDunt of heat inflDw tD the blade and hence to increase the refrigerating cspacity of the ins-trumsnt.
It is likewise an Dbject o~ the invention to prDvid~ an automatic adjustment Df freguencg of ult-rasonic vibrations due tD reduced 1DSS Df CDnVer~sion Df ultrasDnic electric power into mechanical Dne .
~ hese Dbjects are accDmplished due tD the fact that in a cryDgsnic-and-ultrasonic scalpel, compri-sing a bDdy accommodating a sDurce of ultrasonicvibrations, a blade connected to the so~rce Df ultrasDnic vibrations thrDugh a transfDrmer, and a tubular heat exchan~er for refrigerant to ad-mit tD and withdraw frDm tbe blade, accDrding to the invention9 ths tubular heat excbanOer i8 faShiD-nsd as at least tWD coaxigl intercDmmunicating tubes, and tbe transform~r i5 connect~d to tb~ outsid~ tu-~ 65~
be of the ~ubular heat exchan~er SD a3 tD impart ultrasDnic vibrations to the abov0said tube.
It is expedienb that Ibhe tran~former be made as a bollDw bDdy Df revDlutiDn whD9e through bor~
accommodates the out 8 ide cDaxiallg arranged tube of the tubular heat exchanger in the fDrm, of, e.g~, a holl~w cone frustum ~he greater base of which is connected to the sDurce of ultrasonic vibrations, while the lesser base is rigidly linked bo the Dut-side tube of the tubular heat exchanger so as tD lm-part ultrasonic vibrations to the scalpel blade.
A longibudinal slit may be made in the outside tube of the tubular heat excbanger for the scalpel blade to be ti~htly held therein, while the blade surface facing i~to t~e bore of the outside tube may bs shaped as at least single-rDw comb.
It is desirable that the hol3s in the inside tube Df the tubuIar heat exchanger be directed to-wards the co~b shaped blade portion.
It is al90 practicable that an ultrasDnic vib-ration pickup be oonnected to the sDurce of ultraso-nic vibration~ and be accDmmDdated insido the bDdy ~o as tD pr~vids contrD1 of the frequency Df ulbra-sDnic vibrations, ~aid ultrasonic vibration pickup being expedient to be located within the antinode zone Df a sDund wave arising from excitation Df the sDur-.
ce Df ultrasDnic vibrations.
5~
Brief Description of ~he Dra~ings Otbar Dbjecta and advantage~ of tha prese~t invention will beccme appare~t bareinbalow from a cDn~idaratiDn D-f some specific embDdiments the-reDf with rafarenca tD tha accompanying drawingwherein:
~ IG. 1 is a genaral lDngitudinal sactiDnal viaw Df a cryDgenic-and ultrasonic scalpel, accDr-di~g tD tha invention; and FIG. 2 i9 a ~ectiDn taken througb th~ scalpel Df ~IG~ 1 along the line II-II tberein.
Detailed Descriptio~ of the InvantiDn - The cryogenic-and-ultrasonic scalpel Df the invention comprises a bDdy l, a sDurce 2 of ultra-sDnic vibra~iDns accommodated in tha bDdy 1 and provided with an ane~gizing coil 3 and a magnetostric-ti~a element 4.
Connectad to bhe source 2 is a transformar 5 which i~ made as a hollow bod~ of ravoluti~, the most aff~ciant shape of the transformar proved to be a bDllDw cone frustum whDsa greater basa 6 is co~nectad tD bhe source 2. Accommodatad inside the body 1 in a thr~ugh bora of the t ansformer 5 is a tubular haat exchanger 7 adapted for a raf~ige-ra~t tD admit and withdraw. ~he heat exohanger i9co~titub0d by at least two i~tercDmmunicating coaxial tubes 8 and 9, Df whicb the Dutside tube 8 : -7-::
~ 6~
is connected tD a lesser base 10 of the transfDr-mer 5 SD as tD transmit ultrasDnic vibrations tD
said tube 8.
~he he2t exchang0r 7 ma~ have such tubes in excess of two in number, thDugh tbe number Df tubes dspe~ds Dn requirements tD the re~rigerating capa-city Df the heat exchanger 7~ Tbe accDmanying dra-WiRgS represent an embodiment Df the heat e~changsr 7 incorporatiRg tWD tubes, hDwaver, three, four, or 10 mDre tubes ma~ be employed to goDd advantage.
A longitudinal slit i9 made in tbe Dutside tube 8 of the beat exchanger 7 on its section prDbruding beyond the body 1j a blade 11 (~IG. 2) being tight-ly held ih said slit.
~he surface Df the blade 11 (~IG. 1) bhat faces intD the bDre Df the tube 8 i9 sbaped as ab least a single-row cDmb 12 fDr t~e sake of increased con-tact area Df the blade 11 with tbe refrigerant. With a view to still mors incr6asiRg tbe afDresaid COR-tact area the comb 12 may be made Df a mulbirow design, e.g., tbree-rDw a~ shown in FIG. 2.
A plurality o~ holes 13 are made in the inside tube 9 of the heat exchanger 7 at the level o~ the comb 12 for tbe refrigerant to pass.
~he inside tube 9 (FIG. 1) and the outside tu-be 8 af the héa~ excha~ger 7 are connected respe~-tiveIy to sleeV~9 14 and 15 thro~gh bellow~ 16 and 17.
~ -8-:, ~2~ 8 Connected t D the 9D~ ce 2 (FIG. 1~ i8 an ult-rasonic vibration pickup 18 wbich is accommodat0d in the body 1 and p.rovides ~or contrDl].in~ of tbe frequency of ul~rasonic vibrations. The pickup 18 is mosb 0fficient to be installed wibbin the anti-nDds Z D ne of an ultrasDnic wave arising ~rDm exci~
tation of ths source 2.
~he bDdy 1 is tightly closed with a cDver 19 seated in gaskebs 200 In tbe embDdiment considered herein the bla-de 11 is held in place ~ith a cutting edge 21 up-wards.
The cryogenic-and-ultrasonic scalpel is pre-pared for ~peration as follows.
~he re~rigerant is fed along tbe inlet sleeve 14 through the bellDws ~6, in the directiDn of an arrow 22, to the heat exc~anger 7, whereupon it flDws alDng its inside tu~e 9 and upon emerging from the hole 13, it gets onto the teeth D~ tbe comb 12 of the blade 110 Tbe resultant vapDur-liguid mixture is dischar-ged from the heat exchanger 7 along its outside tube 8 through the ballow9 17 and the 91eeve 15 as indicated witb arrDws 23.
l'he working temperature setting time o~ the cryogenic-and-ultrasonic scalpel, wben using liquid nitrogen at 80 K as a refrigerant, ranges witbin 3 _9_ ~ 6~ 0 ~
and 5 min a~ a positive pressur0 in ~he ~eed reser-vDir equal tD 0.2 105 or 0.5 105 Pa. ~hile getting cDoled the blade i0 first cDvered with hoar-~rD3t, and Dn reaching a temperature of 80 K the atmospheric gases get lique~ied on the blade, which is mani-fested by fDrmation Df a thin film of liquid air on the outside tube 8 Df the heat excbanger 7 extending frDm the bDdy 1 and on tbe blade 1~ tightly held in the longitudinal slit of said tube.
Once the wDrking temperature of th~ scalpel has besn attained, the source 2 Df ultrasonic vibrations is energized. ~D obtain tbe maximum vibratiDn amp~i-tude o~ the blade 11 the frequency of the source 2 is aut~matically adjusted for the resonant level witb the aid of the ultrasonic vibration pickup 18.
~his in turn leads to the maximum vibrati~n am~litude Df the blade 11, eliminabes stic~ing Df the tissues operated upon to the blade 11 and enhances the he- -mostatic effect produced, whereupon the organ is operated upDn.
In the ~ase of surgery Dn the sDft tissues Dr parenhcymatous Drgans the working temperature of the blade is withln 120 E~ since th~ inflows Df cold to tbe blade 11 from the heat exchanger 7 exceed the inflcws of beab ~rom the Drgan being operated, High hemostatic effect is observed even when the blade 11 is intrDduced completely into the Drgan being Dperated SD thak ~e tis3ue in contact with the portiDn of the outside tube 8 0xtandin~ frDm the heat exchanger 7 and carrying the blade 11 tigth-ly held in th0 lDngitudinal slit, i9 CDDled ak the highest rate. Tha tissue dissectiDn rate is adjus-ted by an apprnpriately selected refregirant pres-sure, whereby sticking D~ the tissue Df the Drgan Dperated upon t~ the blade 11 is elimi~ated. This in turn makes it pDssible to dissect tissues witb 10 the propDsed cryoge~ic-and-ultrasDnic scalpel at - a rate equal to that Df a conv0ntiona~ surgical scalpel even in cases Df prDlDnged surgery on such organs as the llver and pancreas.
~hanks tD the fact tha~ the blade 11 is tightly held i~ the longitudinal slit Df the Dutside tube 8 of tbe haat e~changer 7 extending f~Dm the body 1 ~nd that the blade surface facing intD the bore of the heat exchanger tube i8 shaped as the multi-rDw comb 12 wb~se teeth ~ace tDwards the inside tu-be 9 Df the heat excbanger 7 prDvided with the ho-les 13 spaced thrDughDut the length of the cDmb 12, there occurs more efficient cooli~g Df the blade 11 ~f the cryDgenic~and-ulbrasonic sc~lpcl due tD an increased ar0a of heat transfer between the refri-gerant and tbe blade 11. Moreover, additio~al provi-sion Df the pickup 18 on the source 2 of ultrasonic vibrations within the antinode æDne of an ultra-~2 ~S~0~
sDnic wave resulting frDm excitation Df said sD~ce makes p~ssible an autDmatic adjustment Df ~he fre-guency Df the source 2 Df ultragonic VibratiDnS
in the cDurse Df the scalpel operatiDn, ~bis in turn results in 3 to 5 fDld reductiDn of heat evolu-tiDn frDm tbe transfDrmer 5 (due tD lovJer loss Df cDnversiDn of ultrasunic electric pDwer intD mecha-nical Dne), that i5, in decreased heat inflows tD
the blade 11. Apar~ from ~his, the tissue Df the Drgan Dperated upon is prevented from sticking tD
the blade 11, tba ra~e of tissue dissection i~ in-creased and the therapeutic bemostatic effecb is enhanced.
Provisi~n of the heat exchanger 7 in the shape Df the cDaxialIy arranged tubes, tbe outside tube 8 and tbe i~side tube 9, both being ~ccommDda~ed in the tbrDugh bore of the hollD~ transformer 5, re-ducas overall dimensiDns of the scalpel and makes manipulatiD~s with it more convenient, ~ithDut inju-ring the tissues of tbe parencbymatDus Drgan bèingoperated. ~esides, no tissue sticking to the bla-de 11 Dccurs, the dissection xate is increased and any postoperative complicatiDn~ become less possib-1~ .
25 ~he present cryDg~nic-and-ultrasonic scalpel bas been tested experimentally on twelve tcst ani-mals, wberein resection of the liver of tbe diffe-: ~ -12-rence e~tension~ ha~ been p~r~Drm~d~ It i~ e~tab-li~hed that the present ~calpel, a~r ha~ing reached the working ~emperature, is capable of ti~sue di3sec-ting at a rate Df a cDnvention~l ~calpel, involves n~ tissue sticking tD the blade 11 and prDduce~ he-matostasis Dn parenchymat~us vessels having a diame-tsr up to 2 mm~
Witb tbs use of the present cryogenic-and-ult-rasDnic scalpel tbere have been performed a total of seven liver resectiOn under clinical cDnditiDns (i.e., lobectomies and halving~ Df the organ) for sDme parasitic diseases (alveDlDcoccDsis, echnD-C DCCDSiS) and tumors, as well as for purulent pro-c~sses. All sxperimental data characberizing the scalpel DperatiDn have been fully corrDborated during the aforementi~ned surgery~ Ths patients operated upon have sustained surgery successfully and recDvered uneventfully. ~here has been Dbserved a prDnDuncsd hsmDstatic effect during surgery (i.s., arresting Df the parenchymatous bleeding). ~he hDspitalizatiDn periDd Df the patisnts has been cut dDvJn, ~OD.
Claims (10)
1. A cryogenic-and-ultrasonic scalpel, comp-rising:
a blade for dissecting biological tissues, said blade having a cutting edge;
a body;
a source of ultrasonic vibrations, said source being accommodated in said body;
a transformer accommodated in said body and connected to said source of ultrasonic vibrations;
a heat exchanger accommodated in said body and comprising an outside tube and at least one inside tube arranged coaxially with said outside tube, both of said tubes communicating with each other; said heat exchanger admitting a refrigera-ting agent to said blade and withdrawing said agent from said blade for cooling the latter; said out-side tube of said heat exchanger communicating with said transformer and with said blade for im-parting ultrasonic vibrations from said source of ultrasonic vibrations to said blade through said outside tube.
a blade for dissecting biological tissues, said blade having a cutting edge;
a body;
a source of ultrasonic vibrations, said source being accommodated in said body;
a transformer accommodated in said body and connected to said source of ultrasonic vibrations;
a heat exchanger accommodated in said body and comprising an outside tube and at least one inside tube arranged coaxially with said outside tube, both of said tubes communicating with each other; said heat exchanger admitting a refrigera-ting agent to said blade and withdrawing said agent from said blade for cooling the latter; said out-side tube of said heat exchanger communicating with said transformer and with said blade for im-parting ultrasonic vibrations from said source of ultrasonic vibrations to said blade through said outside tube.
2. A cryogenic-and-ultrasonic scalpel as clai-med in Claim 1, wherein said transformer is made as a hollow body of revolution having a through bore coaxial with said outside tube of said tubu-lar heat exchanger, while said outside tube of said tubular heat exchanger, while said outside tube of said tubular heat exchanger is accommodated in said through bore.
3, A cryogenic-and-ultrasonic scalpel as clai-med in Claim 1, wherein a longitudinal slit is made in said outside tube of said heat exchanger, and said blade is tightly held in said longitudinal slit with said cutting edge upwards.
4, A cryogsnic-and-ultrasonic scalpel as clai-med in Claim 1, comprising an ultrasonic vibration pickup accommodated inside said body and instru-mental in controlling the frequency of ultrasonic vibrations.
5. A cryogenic-and-ultrasonic scalpel as clai-med in Claim 2, wherein said transformer made as a hollow body of revolution is in fact a hollow cone frustum having a greater and a leser base; said greater base being connected to said source of ultra-sonic vibrations; said lesser base being connected to said outside tube of said heat exchanger so as to impart vibrations to said blade.
6. A cryogenic-and-ultrasonic scalpel as clai-med in Claim 2, wherein a longitudinal slit is made in said outside tube of said heat exchanger, and said blade is tightly held in said longitudinal slit with said cutting edge upwards.
7. A cryogenic-and-ultrasonic scalpel as claimed in claim 3, wherein said blade has a surface that faces into the bore of said outside tube of said heat exchanger, and at least a single-row comb provided on said surface of said blade.
8. A cryogenic-and-ultrasonic scalpel as claimed in claim 4, wherein said source of ultrasonic vibrations establishes the antinode zone of an ultrasonic wave, while said ultrasonic vibration pick up is located within said antinode zone.
9. A cryogenic-and-ultrasonic scalpel as claimed in claim 7, wherein said inside tube of said heat exchanger has a plurality of holes which face towards said at least single-row comb.
10. A cryogenic-and-ultrasonic scalpel, com-prising:
a blade having a cutting edge adapted for dissecting biological tissues;
a body;
a source of ultrasonic vibrations accomm-odated in said body;
a transformer accommodated in said body and made as a hollow cone frustum having a greater base, a lesser base, and a through bore; said greater base being connected to said source of ultrasonic vibra-tions;
a heat exchanger accommodated in said body and comprising an outside tube and at least one inside tube, both communicating to each other, while said inside tube is coaxial with said outside tube; said heat exchanger being adapted to admit a refrigerating agent to and withdraw it from said blade for cooling the latter;
said outside tube of said heat exchanger arran-ged coaxially in said through bore of said transfor-mer and connected to said lesser base of said trans-former so as to impart ultrasonic vibrations to said blade; a longitudinal slit being made in said outside tube; said blade held in said longitudinal slit with said cutting edge upwards;
said blade having a surface that faces into the bore of said outside tube of said heat exchanger, and at least a single-row comb provided on said surface of said blade.
a blade having a cutting edge adapted for dissecting biological tissues;
a body;
a source of ultrasonic vibrations accomm-odated in said body;
a transformer accommodated in said body and made as a hollow cone frustum having a greater base, a lesser base, and a through bore; said greater base being connected to said source of ultrasonic vibra-tions;
a heat exchanger accommodated in said body and comprising an outside tube and at least one inside tube, both communicating to each other, while said inside tube is coaxial with said outside tube; said heat exchanger being adapted to admit a refrigerating agent to and withdraw it from said blade for cooling the latter;
said outside tube of said heat exchanger arran-ged coaxially in said through bore of said transfor-mer and connected to said lesser base of said trans-former so as to impart ultrasonic vibrations to said blade; a longitudinal slit being made in said outside tube; said blade held in said longitudinal slit with said cutting edge upwards;
said blade having a surface that faces into the bore of said outside tube of said heat exchanger, and at least a single-row comb provided on said surface of said blade.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SU3973881 | 1985-11-20 | ||
| SU853973881A SU1417868A1 (en) | 1985-11-20 | 1985-11-20 | Cryoultrasonic scalpel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1265408A true CA1265408A (en) | 1990-02-06 |
Family
ID=21204295
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000522962A Expired - Fee Related CA1265408A (en) | 1985-11-20 | 1986-11-14 | Cryogenic-and-ultrasonic scalpel |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US4724834A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS62142544A (en) |
| BG (1) | BG47969A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1265408A (en) |
| CS (1) | CS465886A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3638916A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI864666A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2590154A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2183162B (en) |
| HU (1) | HU194490B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1216342B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO864590L (en) |
| PL (1) | PL147428B1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE464613B (en) |
| SU (1) | SU1417868A1 (en) |
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| US5057119A (en) * | 1989-12-12 | 1991-10-15 | Ultracision Inc. | Apparatus and methods for attaching and detaching an ultrasonic actuated blade/coupler and an acoustical mount therefor |
| US5211646A (en) * | 1990-03-09 | 1993-05-18 | Alperovich Boris I | Cryogenic scalpel |
| GB2289414B (en) * | 1994-05-10 | 1998-05-13 | Spembly Medical Ltd | Cryosurgical instrument |
| US6669689B2 (en) | 1997-02-27 | 2003-12-30 | Cryocath Technologies Inc. | Cryosurgical catheter |
| US5769866A (en) * | 1997-05-14 | 1998-06-23 | Global Therapeutics, Inc. | Incision device |
| GB2328562B (en) * | 1997-07-01 | 2002-03-27 | Otter Controls Ltd | Improvements relating to electrical appliances |
| US6905223B2 (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2005-06-14 | Mag Instrument, Inc. | Flashlight |
| US8348880B2 (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2013-01-08 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Ultrasonic surgical instrument incorporating fluid management |
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| US7842032B2 (en) * | 2005-10-13 | 2010-11-30 | Bacoustics, Llc | Apparatus and methods for the selective removal of tissue |
| US7572268B2 (en) * | 2005-10-13 | 2009-08-11 | Bacoustics, Llc | Apparatus and methods for the selective removal of tissue using combinations of ultrasonic energy and cryogenic energy |
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-
1985
- 1985-11-20 SU SU853973881A patent/SU1417868A1/en active
-
1986
- 1986-06-24 CS CS864658A patent/CS465886A1/en unknown
- 1986-07-09 BG BG75666A patent/BG47969A1/en unknown
- 1986-08-26 US US06/900,457 patent/US4724834A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-11-13 IT IT8641628A patent/IT1216342B/en active
- 1986-11-14 DE DE19863638916 patent/DE3638916A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-11-14 CA CA000522962A patent/CA1265408A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-11-17 FI FI864666A patent/FI864666A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1986-11-18 GB GB8627536A patent/GB2183162B/en not_active Expired
- 1986-11-18 NO NO864590A patent/NO864590L/en unknown
- 1986-11-18 JP JP61273042A patent/JPS62142544A/en active Granted
- 1986-11-18 HU HU864768A patent/HU194490B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-11-19 PL PL1986262479A patent/PL147428B1/en unknown
- 1986-11-19 FR FR8616112A patent/FR2590154A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1986-11-19 SE SE8604945A patent/SE464613B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1987
- 1987-05-28 US US07/055,168 patent/US4823790A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT8641628A0 (en) | 1986-11-13 |
| HU194490B (en) | 1988-02-29 |
| SE464613B (en) | 1991-05-27 |
| JPH0371895B2 (en) | 1991-11-14 |
| PL147428B1 (en) | 1989-06-30 |
| GB2183162A (en) | 1987-06-03 |
| FI864666A (en) | 1987-05-21 |
| CS465886A1 (en) | 1989-08-14 |
| FI864666A0 (en) | 1986-11-17 |
| DE3638916A1 (en) | 1987-05-21 |
| SE8604945D0 (en) | 1986-11-19 |
| PL262479A1 (en) | 1987-09-21 |
| HUT42933A (en) | 1987-09-28 |
| GB2183162B (en) | 1989-10-18 |
| IT1216342B (en) | 1990-02-22 |
| BG47969A1 (en) | 1990-11-15 |
| JPS62142544A (en) | 1987-06-25 |
| GB8627536D0 (en) | 1986-12-17 |
| FR2590154A1 (en) | 1987-05-22 |
| NO864590D0 (en) | 1986-11-18 |
| US4724834A (en) | 1988-02-16 |
| SE8604945L (en) | 1987-05-21 |
| US4823790A (en) | 1989-04-25 |
| SU1417868A1 (en) | 1988-08-23 |
| NO864590L (en) | 1987-05-21 |
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