CA1265761A - Multistage stripper for fcc unit with improved catalyst separation - Google Patents
Multistage stripper for fcc unit with improved catalyst separationInfo
- Publication number
- CA1265761A CA1265761A CA000487850A CA487850A CA1265761A CA 1265761 A CA1265761 A CA 1265761A CA 000487850 A CA000487850 A CA 000487850A CA 487850 A CA487850 A CA 487850A CA 1265761 A CA1265761 A CA 1265761A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- riser
- conduit
- downstream end
- deflector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/14—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
- C10G11/18—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/005—Separating solid material from the gas/liquid stream
- B01J8/0055—Separating solid material from the gas/liquid stream using cyclones
Abstract
MULTISTAGE STRIPPER FOR FCC UNIT WITH
IMPROVED CATALYST SEPARATION
Abstract Disclosed is a method and apparatus for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) of a hydrocarbon feed in an open or closed system, which includes a multistage stripper system. The multistage stripper system comprises a means for spinning a gasiform mixture of catalyst and cracked hydrocarbons exiting from a riser, a first means for stripping the spun gasiform mixture, and a means for deflecting the gasiform mixture to separate catalyst from the cracked hydrocarbons.
IMPROVED CATALYST SEPARATION
Abstract Disclosed is a method and apparatus for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) of a hydrocarbon feed in an open or closed system, which includes a multistage stripper system. The multistage stripper system comprises a means for spinning a gasiform mixture of catalyst and cracked hydrocarbons exiting from a riser, a first means for stripping the spun gasiform mixture, and a means for deflecting the gasiform mixture to separate catalyst from the cracked hydrocarbons.
Description
F-3063 ~L~ S7~L
MULTISTAGE STRIPPER FOR FCC UNIT WIT~I
~PROVED ~ATALYS~SEPARATION
The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for the separation of a catalyst and hydrocarbon materials in a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) unit and for subjecting the FCC
catalyst to multistage stripping.
Fluid catalytic cracking operations have undergone significant development improvements due in part to advances in catalyst technology. With the advent of zeolite cracking catalyst, new areas of operating technology have been encountered requiring even further refinements in processing techniques to take advantage of the high catalyst activity, selectivity and operating sensitivity.
By way of background, the FCC catalyst is transferred in suspended or dispersed phase condition with a hydrocarbon feed generally upwardly through one or more riser conversion zones, providing a hydrocarbon residence time of û.5 to 10 seconds, usually less than 8 seconds. High temperature riser reactors, operating at 538 (1000F) and higher at 0.5 to 4 seconds hydrocarbon residence time are desirable.
Rapid separation of catalyst from hydrocarbons discharged from a riser conversion zone is desirable for restricting hydrocarbon conversion time. During cracking carbonaceous deposits or coke accumulate on the catalyst particles. The catalyst particles entrain hydrocarbon vapors upon removal from the hydrocarbon converslon zone. The entrained hydrocarbons are frequently overcracked. A catalyst stripper helps remove entrained hydrocarbon~ Hydrocarbon conversion products separated and stripped from the catalyst are combined and passed to a product fractionation step. Stripped catalyst containing coke is then passed to a catalyst regenerator.
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Typically the gasiform mixture exiting the riser and containing catalyst particles and cracked product will exit the riser through a perpendicular conduit attached to one or more cyclones. The cyclones are used for efficient separation of fluidizable catalyst particles from the gasiform mixture. Passing gas from a riser to a perpendicular conduit can result in substantial erosion of the top of the riser where catalyst impinges before passing into the conduit. The impinging also has the disadvantage of increasing the residence time of catalyst within the riser. Another drawback is that the cyclonic equipment typically used for efficient separation of fluidizable catalyst particles ~rom the gasiform mixture exiting from the riser, often permits an undesirable residence time of the product vapor within a cycloneO
This extended residence time both from the impinging and within the cyclone reduces the desired product yield by as much as 4% through non-selective cracking.
Various processes and mechanical means have been employed heretofore to effect rapid separation of the catalyst phase from the hydrocarbon phase, at the termination of the riser conversion zone, to mlnimize contact time of the catalyst with cracked hydrocarbons.
U. S. Patent No. 4,043,899 to Anderson et al discloses a system in which a mixture of catalyst and hydro~arbon gases pass from a riser into a stripping cyclone. Steam is admitted into the stripping cyclone to strip catalyst while in the cyclone.
U. S. Patent No. 49219,407 to Haddad et al describes a riser cracking-catalyst regeneration operation wherein a gasiform mixture discharged from a riser is passed into conduits with downwardly directed end portions to discharge a concentrated stream of catalyst separated from gasiform material into a downcomer zone and out of further contact with discharged gasiform material in the gasiform mixture. A stripping gas is used to particularly aid the separation of catalyst from the hydrocarbon vaporsO
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U. S. Patent No. 4,206,l74 to Heffley et al discloses an apparatus provided contiguous with a riser discharge which centri~ugally initially separates a solid and gasiform mixture into - a solid phase and a gasiform material phase prior to discharge from a riser into a cylindrical vessel. The centrifugal separation is provided by passing the gasiform mixture across stator type blades (fixed spaced apart sloping baffles), at or near the downstream end of the riser, to impart a spinning motion to the gasiform mixture.
The catalyst may be further stripped, if desired, in equipment above and about the riser discharge.
While the above patents represent improvements in the field of rapid separation and stripping of hydrocarbon materials from catalyst particles, there is still a need to further reduce total contact time between hydrocarbon materials and catalyst to reduce to the extent possible non-selective cracking.
For example, a problem associated with the system of U.S.
Patent No. 4,206,174 to Heffley et al is that catalyst exiting the riser is separated ~rom gasiform material only by centrifugal force. In addition, it is difficult to achieve significant catalyst stripping within the cylindrical vessel, thus extending total contact time. A diPficulty with the system of U.S~ Patent No.
4,219,407 to Haddad et al and U. S. Patent No. 4,043,899 to Anderson et al is that upwardly directed catalyst particles 'limpinge" off the top of a riser back into the continuous upward flow o~ hydrocarban and catalyst. Thus, the downward velocity of the impinged particles must be reduced by the rising hydrocarbon~catalyst gasiform mixture before again moving upwardly in the riser toward its exit into a separating means. The additional contact time of hydrocarbon vapor and catalyst caused by the impinging effect produces overcracking and loss of precise contral of cracked products.
A way has now been discovered to overcome these problems.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a fluid catalytic cracking apparatus comprising:
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a riser conversion zone formed as a vertically disposed elongated tubular conduit having an upstream end and a downstream end; inlets for introducing hydrocarbon feed and catalyst into the upstream end of the riser to produce a gasiform mixture of catalyst and cracked hydrocarbons exiting at the downstream end of the riser conversion zone; characterized by a spinner for spinning the mixture, at the downstream end around the longitudinal axis of the riser; a first catalyst stripping zone for contacting the catalyst in the mixture with stripping gas, adjacent to the spinner;
and a deflecter for deflectîng the catalyst from the spinner to separate a major portion of the catalyst from cracked hydrocarbons.
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic sketch of an FCC unit with fixed sloping baffles within a riser conversion zone, the baffles having perforations to allow catalyst stripping;
Fig. 2 is a top view of the apparatus of Fig~ 1 and shows two symmetrical baffles attached to a concentric closed conduit (hub);
-Fig. 3 is a side view along the lines A-A ot` Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a side view along the lines B-B of Fig. 2 and shows a seal pot at the lower end of a downcomer;
Fig. 5 shows a top Yiew o~ a modification wherein catalyst passes from the riser through a conduit directly attached to a cyclone separator;
Fig. 6 is a side view of the apparatus of Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is a top view of another embodiment of the invention wherein catalyst passes through a conduit directly into a cylindrical vessel (not shown);
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F-3063 ~5-Fig. 8 is a side view of the apparatus of Fig. 7 showing a closed conduit connecting the cylindrical vessel, containing a first catalyst stripping zone, to a cyclone, and a second catalyst stripping zone axially aligned with the catalytic reactor;
Fig. 9 shows a riser with its downstream end enclosed in a cylindrical vessel, baffles to direct catalyst from the riser to impinge on a top member of the cylindrical vessel, and an external second catalyst stripping zone;
Fig. lO shows a detailed view of one embodiment of the downstream end of the riser of Fig. 9 provided with optional sawtooth cutout sections;
Fig. ll shows a top view of the riser of Fig. ~;
Fig. 12 shows a side view of the downstream end of the riser of Fig. 9;
Fig. 13 shows a cut-open view of the riser and baffles of Fig. lO to highli9ht the sawtooth cutouts in the riser wall;
Fig. 14 is a top view of another embodiment of a riser terminating within a cylindrical vessel;
Fig. 15 is a side view of the embodiment of Fig. 14;
Fig. 16 is a top view of another embodiment of a riser terminating within a cylindrical vessel wherein the cylindrical vessel has an annular ring; and Fig. 17 is a side view of the embodiment of Fig. 16.
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The present invention is directed toward a riser provided with a means for spinning catalyst, a means for deflecting the spun catalyst to separate catalyst from hydrocarbon gases and provided with at least one and preferably two or more zones of catalyst stripping, with a first stripping zone quickly removing a portion of hydrocarbons from the catalyst, and a second stripping zone operating at more severe conditions, removing additional hydrocarbons. The present invention also provides a compact apparatus to retrofit small FCC systems.
The invention is also directed to a method and apparatus for performing short contact time stripping by using ~affles having perforations which admit steam to contact and strip catalyst which passes along the perforated baffles before it exits the riser, as shown in Figs. 1-6~
Referring now more particularly to the drawings, wherein like numerals represent like elements throughout the views, Figs.
1-4 illustrate a first embcdiment. Catalyst passes into a riser conversion zone 2, comprising an upstream end 50 and downstream end 52, by means of a catalyst conduit 39, prov:ided with valve 41, at the upstream end 50, while hydrocarbons pass through hydrocarbon conduit 40, with a multiple feed nozzle inlet means 43, for admixture with the catalyst. The catalyst is typically a hot regenerated catalyst, at a temperature of a~ least 704C ~1~00F~
and more usually at least 732C (1350F). The mixture temperature is ucually at least 5~8C (1000F) in the riser 2. The mixture passes through riser 2 to the downstream end 52, in which is located a spinning means 1, comprising spirally curved, perforated baffles 54, which direct the gasiform mixture of hydrocarbon and catalyst into at least one first conduit 64a (two are illustrated in Figs.
1-4).
In the arrangement of Fig. 1, there are two perforated baffles 54, although there may be more, such as four. The number employed is a function of the mixture throughput and the diameter of '` : , i7~L
the riser. The curved, perforated baffles 54 act to spin the mixture around the longitudinal axis of the riser~ The perforated ba~fles 54 act as a first catalyst stripping zone 56 because the perforations 58 allow stripping gas from the reactor 22 to pass through the perforated baffles 54 to contact with catalyst passing along the underside thereof. The catalyst passes along the underside of the perforated baffles 54 due to the centrifugal force exerted on the catalyst by th spinning motion~ The per~orated baffles 54 are attached to the inside of the riser 2 and to a closed conduit (hub) 18 which lies along the longitudinal axis of the riser
MULTISTAGE STRIPPER FOR FCC UNIT WIT~I
~PROVED ~ATALYS~SEPARATION
The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for the separation of a catalyst and hydrocarbon materials in a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) unit and for subjecting the FCC
catalyst to multistage stripping.
Fluid catalytic cracking operations have undergone significant development improvements due in part to advances in catalyst technology. With the advent of zeolite cracking catalyst, new areas of operating technology have been encountered requiring even further refinements in processing techniques to take advantage of the high catalyst activity, selectivity and operating sensitivity.
By way of background, the FCC catalyst is transferred in suspended or dispersed phase condition with a hydrocarbon feed generally upwardly through one or more riser conversion zones, providing a hydrocarbon residence time of û.5 to 10 seconds, usually less than 8 seconds. High temperature riser reactors, operating at 538 (1000F) and higher at 0.5 to 4 seconds hydrocarbon residence time are desirable.
Rapid separation of catalyst from hydrocarbons discharged from a riser conversion zone is desirable for restricting hydrocarbon conversion time. During cracking carbonaceous deposits or coke accumulate on the catalyst particles. The catalyst particles entrain hydrocarbon vapors upon removal from the hydrocarbon converslon zone. The entrained hydrocarbons are frequently overcracked. A catalyst stripper helps remove entrained hydrocarbon~ Hydrocarbon conversion products separated and stripped from the catalyst are combined and passed to a product fractionation step. Stripped catalyst containing coke is then passed to a catalyst regenerator.
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Typically the gasiform mixture exiting the riser and containing catalyst particles and cracked product will exit the riser through a perpendicular conduit attached to one or more cyclones. The cyclones are used for efficient separation of fluidizable catalyst particles from the gasiform mixture. Passing gas from a riser to a perpendicular conduit can result in substantial erosion of the top of the riser where catalyst impinges before passing into the conduit. The impinging also has the disadvantage of increasing the residence time of catalyst within the riser. Another drawback is that the cyclonic equipment typically used for efficient separation of fluidizable catalyst particles ~rom the gasiform mixture exiting from the riser, often permits an undesirable residence time of the product vapor within a cycloneO
This extended residence time both from the impinging and within the cyclone reduces the desired product yield by as much as 4% through non-selective cracking.
Various processes and mechanical means have been employed heretofore to effect rapid separation of the catalyst phase from the hydrocarbon phase, at the termination of the riser conversion zone, to mlnimize contact time of the catalyst with cracked hydrocarbons.
U. S. Patent No. 4,043,899 to Anderson et al discloses a system in which a mixture of catalyst and hydro~arbon gases pass from a riser into a stripping cyclone. Steam is admitted into the stripping cyclone to strip catalyst while in the cyclone.
U. S. Patent No. 49219,407 to Haddad et al describes a riser cracking-catalyst regeneration operation wherein a gasiform mixture discharged from a riser is passed into conduits with downwardly directed end portions to discharge a concentrated stream of catalyst separated from gasiform material into a downcomer zone and out of further contact with discharged gasiform material in the gasiform mixture. A stripping gas is used to particularly aid the separation of catalyst from the hydrocarbon vaporsO
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U. S. Patent No. 4,206,l74 to Heffley et al discloses an apparatus provided contiguous with a riser discharge which centri~ugally initially separates a solid and gasiform mixture into - a solid phase and a gasiform material phase prior to discharge from a riser into a cylindrical vessel. The centrifugal separation is provided by passing the gasiform mixture across stator type blades (fixed spaced apart sloping baffles), at or near the downstream end of the riser, to impart a spinning motion to the gasiform mixture.
The catalyst may be further stripped, if desired, in equipment above and about the riser discharge.
While the above patents represent improvements in the field of rapid separation and stripping of hydrocarbon materials from catalyst particles, there is still a need to further reduce total contact time between hydrocarbon materials and catalyst to reduce to the extent possible non-selective cracking.
For example, a problem associated with the system of U.S.
Patent No. 4,206,174 to Heffley et al is that catalyst exiting the riser is separated ~rom gasiform material only by centrifugal force. In addition, it is difficult to achieve significant catalyst stripping within the cylindrical vessel, thus extending total contact time. A diPficulty with the system of U.S~ Patent No.
4,219,407 to Haddad et al and U. S. Patent No. 4,043,899 to Anderson et al is that upwardly directed catalyst particles 'limpinge" off the top of a riser back into the continuous upward flow o~ hydrocarban and catalyst. Thus, the downward velocity of the impinged particles must be reduced by the rising hydrocarbon~catalyst gasiform mixture before again moving upwardly in the riser toward its exit into a separating means. The additional contact time of hydrocarbon vapor and catalyst caused by the impinging effect produces overcracking and loss of precise contral of cracked products.
A way has now been discovered to overcome these problems.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a fluid catalytic cracking apparatus comprising:
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a riser conversion zone formed as a vertically disposed elongated tubular conduit having an upstream end and a downstream end; inlets for introducing hydrocarbon feed and catalyst into the upstream end of the riser to produce a gasiform mixture of catalyst and cracked hydrocarbons exiting at the downstream end of the riser conversion zone; characterized by a spinner for spinning the mixture, at the downstream end around the longitudinal axis of the riser; a first catalyst stripping zone for contacting the catalyst in the mixture with stripping gas, adjacent to the spinner;
and a deflecter for deflectîng the catalyst from the spinner to separate a major portion of the catalyst from cracked hydrocarbons.
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic sketch of an FCC unit with fixed sloping baffles within a riser conversion zone, the baffles having perforations to allow catalyst stripping;
Fig. 2 is a top view of the apparatus of Fig~ 1 and shows two symmetrical baffles attached to a concentric closed conduit (hub);
-Fig. 3 is a side view along the lines A-A ot` Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a side view along the lines B-B of Fig. 2 and shows a seal pot at the lower end of a downcomer;
Fig. 5 shows a top Yiew o~ a modification wherein catalyst passes from the riser through a conduit directly attached to a cyclone separator;
Fig. 6 is a side view of the apparatus of Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is a top view of another embodiment of the invention wherein catalyst passes through a conduit directly into a cylindrical vessel (not shown);
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F-3063 ~5-Fig. 8 is a side view of the apparatus of Fig. 7 showing a closed conduit connecting the cylindrical vessel, containing a first catalyst stripping zone, to a cyclone, and a second catalyst stripping zone axially aligned with the catalytic reactor;
Fig. 9 shows a riser with its downstream end enclosed in a cylindrical vessel, baffles to direct catalyst from the riser to impinge on a top member of the cylindrical vessel, and an external second catalyst stripping zone;
Fig. lO shows a detailed view of one embodiment of the downstream end of the riser of Fig. 9 provided with optional sawtooth cutout sections;
Fig. ll shows a top view of the riser of Fig. ~;
Fig. 12 shows a side view of the downstream end of the riser of Fig. 9;
Fig. 13 shows a cut-open view of the riser and baffles of Fig. lO to highli9ht the sawtooth cutouts in the riser wall;
Fig. 14 is a top view of another embodiment of a riser terminating within a cylindrical vessel;
Fig. 15 is a side view of the embodiment of Fig. 14;
Fig. 16 is a top view of another embodiment of a riser terminating within a cylindrical vessel wherein the cylindrical vessel has an annular ring; and Fig. 17 is a side view of the embodiment of Fig. 16.
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The present invention is directed toward a riser provided with a means for spinning catalyst, a means for deflecting the spun catalyst to separate catalyst from hydrocarbon gases and provided with at least one and preferably two or more zones of catalyst stripping, with a first stripping zone quickly removing a portion of hydrocarbons from the catalyst, and a second stripping zone operating at more severe conditions, removing additional hydrocarbons. The present invention also provides a compact apparatus to retrofit small FCC systems.
The invention is also directed to a method and apparatus for performing short contact time stripping by using ~affles having perforations which admit steam to contact and strip catalyst which passes along the perforated baffles before it exits the riser, as shown in Figs. 1-6~
Referring now more particularly to the drawings, wherein like numerals represent like elements throughout the views, Figs.
1-4 illustrate a first embcdiment. Catalyst passes into a riser conversion zone 2, comprising an upstream end 50 and downstream end 52, by means of a catalyst conduit 39, prov:ided with valve 41, at the upstream end 50, while hydrocarbons pass through hydrocarbon conduit 40, with a multiple feed nozzle inlet means 43, for admixture with the catalyst. The catalyst is typically a hot regenerated catalyst, at a temperature of a~ least 704C ~1~00F~
and more usually at least 732C (1350F). The mixture temperature is ucually at least 5~8C (1000F) in the riser 2. The mixture passes through riser 2 to the downstream end 52, in which is located a spinning means 1, comprising spirally curved, perforated baffles 54, which direct the gasiform mixture of hydrocarbon and catalyst into at least one first conduit 64a (two are illustrated in Figs.
1-4).
In the arrangement of Fig. 1, there are two perforated baffles 54, although there may be more, such as four. The number employed is a function of the mixture throughput and the diameter of '` : , i7~L
the riser. The curved, perforated baffles 54 act to spin the mixture around the longitudinal axis of the riser~ The perforated ba~fles 54 act as a first catalyst stripping zone 56 because the perforations 58 allow stripping gas from the reactor 22 to pass through the perforated baffles 54 to contact with catalyst passing along the underside thereof. The catalyst passes along the underside of the perforated baffles 54 due to the centrifugal force exerted on the catalyst by th spinning motion~ The per~orated baffles 54 are attached to the inside of the riser 2 and to a closed conduit (hub) 18 which lies along the longitudinal axis of the riser
2 and has a preferably hemispherical bottom portion 20. The perforated baffles 54 are in open communication with the catalytic reactor 22 to allow stripping gas contained therein to pass from the catalytic reactor 22 therethrough.
After passing baffles 54, the catalyst contained in the gasiform mixture then passes through the first conduit 64a, which has an upstream end 66a and a downstream end 68a, as seen in Fig. 4.
Upstream end 66a is attached to the riser 2 and perforated baf~les 54. The first conduit 64a includes a deflector 62a, which is a downward bend in conduit 64a, ~or providing a momentum to direct catalyst downwardly into a downcomer 72. Downcomer 72 may be attached to the downstream end 68a of the ~irst conduit 64a by means of transition conduit 70. The dawncomer 7~ is sealed, to provide a closed cyclone system, by a catalyst seal 74 which is held in place by a sealpot 106 or by extending the downcomer 72 into a catalyst bed 42~ The closed cyclone system allows the gasiform hydrocarbons to pass from the riser through the separating means and out of the catalytic reactor without passing into the atmosphere of the catalytic reactor.
Meanwhile, the gasiform material comprising hydrocarbons and remaining catalyst passes through a cyclone inlet duct 76 to a cyclone separator means 24. The cyclone inlet duct 76 may be openly attached to a lower wall of the first conduit 64a between its .
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upstream end 66a and downstream end 68a, as shown in Fig. 4.
Hydrocarbon conversion products and stripping gas are passed from the cyclone 24 by cyclone overhead conduit 26 communicating with a common header pipe (not shown) and in communication with a downstream fractionation zone (not shown).
A second catalyst stripping zone 32 may also be provided, as shown in Fig. l. The second stripping zone 32 is formed by attaching one end of a frustoconical member 23 to the bottom of the reactor vessel 22 and the other end to side walls 33 of second 1~ stripping zone 32. The second stripping zone 32 is filled with a catalyst bed 42, which is contacted by fluidizing or stripping gas provided by gas conduit 28. The second stripping zone 32 is also in open communication with stripped catalyst withdrawal conduit 38.
The second stripping zone 32 is provided with a plurality of downwardly sloping trays 34, arranged to enhance contact of downflowing catalyst with upflowing stripping and fluidizing gas provided by the gas conduit 28, which is attached to fluidizing or stripping gas header 29 located in the bottom of the second stripping zone 32. Catalyst is withdrawn through co~duit 38 for passage to a catalyst regeneration zone (not shown), ~hich in turn supplies catalyst to conduit ~9~
The embodiment of Figs. 1-4 of the invention provides for quick separation of catalyst and gasiform hydrocarbons at the downstream end 52 of the riser conversion zone 2 to eliminate undesirable post riser cracking and reduce additional coke formation and hydrocarbon entrainment. Directing the flow of catalyst particles by a spinning motion out of the riser prevents impinging of catalyst on the top of the riser 2, thus, reducing the catalyst residence time in the riser 2. The spinning means 1 also provides for an initial centrifugal separation of catalyst from gasiform hydrocarbons by forcing catalyst along the baffles 54 and the first conduit 64a attached to the baffles 54.
The embodiment af Figs. 1~4 also provides for quick contacting of catalyst with a stripping gas in the first catalyst ' ' ' ; ,.. " ': :
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stripping zone 56. In addition, the embodiment o~ Figs. 1-4 provides a deflector 62a to deflect catalyst away from gasiform hydrocarbons, thus further reducing undesirable post riser cracking.
In the embodiment shown in Figs. 5 and 6, a catalyst deflector 62b îs formed by a cyclone separator 24 which is attached to the downstream end 52 of the riser 2 by a first conduit 64b, comprising an upstream end 66b and a downstream end 68b. Conduit 64b is substantially horizontal and preferably curved to follow the curve of the baffles 54. A cyclone overhead conduit 26 conducts a stream comprising hydrocarbons and unseparated catalyst out o~ the cyclone separator 24.
Figs. 7-17 disclose alternate embodiments o~ the invention. In each o~ these embodiments, a riser 2 terminates within a closed cylindrical vessel 4 (Fig. 9), containing a first catalyst stripping zone 56 and a deflector 62c (Figs. 7, 8), 62d (Fig. 9), 62e (Figs. 14~ 15) or 62f (Figs. 16, 17) to separate catalyst from hydrocarbons in the respective embodiments.
Fig. g shows an apparatus for a fluid catalytic cracking ~FCC) method comprising a riser 2, wherein the downstream end 52 of the riser 2 is attached to a means for spinning 1~ comprising baf~les 16 wh1ch spin the gasiform mixture and direct catalyst to a deflector 62d located within the cylindrical vessel 4. Baf~les 16 comprise ~ixed curved spaced apart sloping baff`les, resembiing the per~orated baffles 54, although the baffles 16 do not require perforations. The baf~les 16 are arranged about the concentric closed conduit 18, comprising a conical top portion 19 with hemispherical bottom portion 20 (Fig. 10). In the arrangement of Fig. 9, there are two ba~fles 16, although there may be more, such as four. The number employed will be a function of the gasi~orm mixture throughput and the diameter of the riser. The closed cylindrical vessel 4 has a larger diameter than the riser conversion zone 2 and comprises sidewalls 104 attached to a top member 10 and a sloping bottom member 6. The top member 10 of vessel 4 is attached to a gasi~orm material withdrawal conduit 12, pre~erably positioned coaxially with vessel 4 and riser ~.
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F~3063 -10-( Catalyst, as shown in Fig. 9, is directed fro~ riser 2 by the spinning means 1, which comprises the baffles 16, to contact the top member 10 of the cylindrical vessel 4 which acts as the deflector 62d. As shown by Fig. 9, the catalyst e~iting the riser is in open communication with the atmosphere of the vessel 4 to allow stripping gas to contact with the catalyst. The top member 10 deflects catalyst downwardly into the first catalyst stripping zone 56 provided in the lower portion of vessel 4, where it contacts stripping gas, such as steam, provided by a stripping gas conduit i~ 15. The conduit 15 is located to allow stripping gas to be directed upwardly by a conventional stripping gas distributor (not shown) within the vessel 4 and to promote separation of catalyst from hydrocarbon vapors. The cylindrical vessel 4 may also have trays 35 which are attached to the facing walls of the cylindrical vessel 4 and riser conversion zone 2. Gasiform material separated from the catalyst, comprising hydrocarbons and unseparated catalyst, passes through the gasiform material withdrawal conduit 12. Conduit 12 may be a continuous conduit attached to cyclone inlet duct 78, as shown in Fig. 8. Otherwise, as shown in Fig. 9, conduit 12 may be inserted into overhead duct 84 to form an annulus to admit stripping gas into duct 84, which is in turn attached to cyclone separator ~4 (one shown) by inlet duct 78 to provide a closed cyclone system.
The cylindrical vessel 4 of Fig. 9 further comprises a conduit 8 for withdrawing particles of separated catalyst attached to the bottom member 6. Catalyst passes from conduit 8 to an external second catalyst stripping zone 132~ provided with downwardly sloping trays 1~4 over which the catalyst passes countercurrent to upflowing stripping gas introduced by a means (not
After passing baffles 54, the catalyst contained in the gasiform mixture then passes through the first conduit 64a, which has an upstream end 66a and a downstream end 68a, as seen in Fig. 4.
Upstream end 66a is attached to the riser 2 and perforated baf~les 54. The first conduit 64a includes a deflector 62a, which is a downward bend in conduit 64a, ~or providing a momentum to direct catalyst downwardly into a downcomer 72. Downcomer 72 may be attached to the downstream end 68a of the ~irst conduit 64a by means of transition conduit 70. The dawncomer 7~ is sealed, to provide a closed cyclone system, by a catalyst seal 74 which is held in place by a sealpot 106 or by extending the downcomer 72 into a catalyst bed 42~ The closed cyclone system allows the gasiform hydrocarbons to pass from the riser through the separating means and out of the catalytic reactor without passing into the atmosphere of the catalytic reactor.
Meanwhile, the gasiform material comprising hydrocarbons and remaining catalyst passes through a cyclone inlet duct 76 to a cyclone separator means 24. The cyclone inlet duct 76 may be openly attached to a lower wall of the first conduit 64a between its .
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upstream end 66a and downstream end 68a, as shown in Fig. 4.
Hydrocarbon conversion products and stripping gas are passed from the cyclone 24 by cyclone overhead conduit 26 communicating with a common header pipe (not shown) and in communication with a downstream fractionation zone (not shown).
A second catalyst stripping zone 32 may also be provided, as shown in Fig. l. The second stripping zone 32 is formed by attaching one end of a frustoconical member 23 to the bottom of the reactor vessel 22 and the other end to side walls 33 of second 1~ stripping zone 32. The second stripping zone 32 is filled with a catalyst bed 42, which is contacted by fluidizing or stripping gas provided by gas conduit 28. The second stripping zone 32 is also in open communication with stripped catalyst withdrawal conduit 38.
The second stripping zone 32 is provided with a plurality of downwardly sloping trays 34, arranged to enhance contact of downflowing catalyst with upflowing stripping and fluidizing gas provided by the gas conduit 28, which is attached to fluidizing or stripping gas header 29 located in the bottom of the second stripping zone 32. Catalyst is withdrawn through co~duit 38 for passage to a catalyst regeneration zone (not shown), ~hich in turn supplies catalyst to conduit ~9~
The embodiment of Figs. 1-4 of the invention provides for quick separation of catalyst and gasiform hydrocarbons at the downstream end 52 of the riser conversion zone 2 to eliminate undesirable post riser cracking and reduce additional coke formation and hydrocarbon entrainment. Directing the flow of catalyst particles by a spinning motion out of the riser prevents impinging of catalyst on the top of the riser 2, thus, reducing the catalyst residence time in the riser 2. The spinning means 1 also provides for an initial centrifugal separation of catalyst from gasiform hydrocarbons by forcing catalyst along the baffles 54 and the first conduit 64a attached to the baffles 54.
The embodiment af Figs. 1~4 also provides for quick contacting of catalyst with a stripping gas in the first catalyst ' ' ' ; ,.. " ': :
.
;76~L
stripping zone 56. In addition, the embodiment o~ Figs. 1-4 provides a deflector 62a to deflect catalyst away from gasiform hydrocarbons, thus further reducing undesirable post riser cracking.
In the embodiment shown in Figs. 5 and 6, a catalyst deflector 62b îs formed by a cyclone separator 24 which is attached to the downstream end 52 of the riser 2 by a first conduit 64b, comprising an upstream end 66b and a downstream end 68b. Conduit 64b is substantially horizontal and preferably curved to follow the curve of the baffles 54. A cyclone overhead conduit 26 conducts a stream comprising hydrocarbons and unseparated catalyst out o~ the cyclone separator 24.
Figs. 7-17 disclose alternate embodiments o~ the invention. In each o~ these embodiments, a riser 2 terminates within a closed cylindrical vessel 4 (Fig. 9), containing a first catalyst stripping zone 56 and a deflector 62c (Figs. 7, 8), 62d (Fig. 9), 62e (Figs. 14~ 15) or 62f (Figs. 16, 17) to separate catalyst from hydrocarbons in the respective embodiments.
Fig. g shows an apparatus for a fluid catalytic cracking ~FCC) method comprising a riser 2, wherein the downstream end 52 of the riser 2 is attached to a means for spinning 1~ comprising baf~les 16 wh1ch spin the gasiform mixture and direct catalyst to a deflector 62d located within the cylindrical vessel 4. Baf~les 16 comprise ~ixed curved spaced apart sloping baff`les, resembiing the per~orated baffles 54, although the baffles 16 do not require perforations. The baf~les 16 are arranged about the concentric closed conduit 18, comprising a conical top portion 19 with hemispherical bottom portion 20 (Fig. 10). In the arrangement of Fig. 9, there are two ba~fles 16, although there may be more, such as four. The number employed will be a function of the gasi~orm mixture throughput and the diameter of the riser. The closed cylindrical vessel 4 has a larger diameter than the riser conversion zone 2 and comprises sidewalls 104 attached to a top member 10 and a sloping bottom member 6. The top member 10 of vessel 4 is attached to a gasi~orm material withdrawal conduit 12, pre~erably positioned coaxially with vessel 4 and riser ~.
.: :
.
F~3063 -10-( Catalyst, as shown in Fig. 9, is directed fro~ riser 2 by the spinning means 1, which comprises the baffles 16, to contact the top member 10 of the cylindrical vessel 4 which acts as the deflector 62d. As shown by Fig. 9, the catalyst e~iting the riser is in open communication with the atmosphere of the vessel 4 to allow stripping gas to contact with the catalyst. The top member 10 deflects catalyst downwardly into the first catalyst stripping zone 56 provided in the lower portion of vessel 4, where it contacts stripping gas, such as steam, provided by a stripping gas conduit i~ 15. The conduit 15 is located to allow stripping gas to be directed upwardly by a conventional stripping gas distributor (not shown) within the vessel 4 and to promote separation of catalyst from hydrocarbon vapors. The cylindrical vessel 4 may also have trays 35 which are attached to the facing walls of the cylindrical vessel 4 and riser conversion zone 2. Gasiform material separated from the catalyst, comprising hydrocarbons and unseparated catalyst, passes through the gasiform material withdrawal conduit 12. Conduit 12 may be a continuous conduit attached to cyclone inlet duct 78, as shown in Fig. 8. Otherwise, as shown in Fig. 9, conduit 12 may be inserted into overhead duct 84 to form an annulus to admit stripping gas into duct 84, which is in turn attached to cyclone separator ~4 (one shown) by inlet duct 78 to provide a closed cyclone system.
The cylindrical vessel 4 of Fig. 9 further comprises a conduit 8 for withdrawing particles of separated catalyst attached to the bottom member 6. Catalyst passes from conduit 8 to an external second catalyst stripping zone 132~ provided with downwardly sloping trays 1~4 over which the catalyst passes countercurrent to upflowing stripping gas introduced by a means (not
3~ shown) to a lower portion of the external stripping zone 132. The stripped catalyst is then withdrawn from the external stripping zone 132 for passage to catalyst regeneration (not shown). Alternatively, bottom 6 of cylindrical vessel 4, as disclosed by Fig. 9, can be of ~ .
I ~
:~ ,. ..~11.
. , , ~LZ~5~6~1 different shapes, as shown in Figs. 8-17. Thus, as shown by Fig. 8, a frustoconical bottom member 80, and a conduit 82 for withdrawing particles of separated catalyst, which is concentric ~ith the riser 2 and attached to the bottom member 80, can be provided. Conduit 82 also admits stripping gas from the second catalyst stripping zone 32 into the first catalyst stripping zone 56.
Figs. 10 13 show details of the baffles 16 (four baffles shown) resembling those located in the downstream end 52 of the riser 2, shown in Fig. 9 (two baffles shown). The baffles 16 are attached to the closed conduit 18, which has the hemispherical bottom portion 20 and conical top portion 19. The baffles 16, as well as the perforated baffles 54 shown in other embodiments, may be substantially vertical at their upstream end 55 and form an angle A
of 90~ with a first horizontal axis 59, as shown in Fig. 13. At their downstream end 57, they preferably form an angle ~ of 30 with a second horizontal axis 61. ~s an example of suitable dimensions for the embodiment of Figs. 10-14, the riser 3 may have a diameter D
of 3 feet and a distance C of 2.36 feet from the edge 55 of one baffle 16 to the next baffle 16. The closecl conduit 18 has a diameter E of one-half that of the riser 2, and the conical side walls 21 of the conical top portion 19 ~orm an anglc F of 100 with each other. Fig. 12 omits the ba~fles 16 to more clearly show closed conduit 18.
The downstream end 52 of the riser 2 may be provided with cutout sections 88 along the riser edge 60 to facilitate catalyst exiting from the riser 2 along the path provided by the baffles 16.
Figs. 7, 8 and 14-17 show alternate embodiments of the invention. In these embodiments, extensions 90 are attached to the baffles 16. The extensions 90a (Figs. 7, 8), 90b ~Figs. 14, 15~, and 90c (Figs. 16, 17) direct catalyst into cylindrical vessel 4 and allow the catalyst to contact respective deflectors 62c, 62e or 62f. The embodiment of Figs. 7 and 8 has the extension 90a, comprising the first conduit 64c attached at its upstream end 66c to :, `' ~
.; ' ~76~
the baf~les 16. The deflector 62c also has a downstream end 68c ~orming the first conduit 64c, which is curved downwardly to induce a downward momentum on the catalyst sufficient to direct the catalyst downwardly into the cylindrical vessel 4 towards the first catalyst stripping zone 56 located in the lower portion of the vessel 4. Strippiny gas may be provided from either conduit 15, as in Fig. 9, or by locating the conduit 82 o~ cylindrical vessel 4 in open communication with the second stripping zone 32, as in Fig. 8.
The stripping gas contacts with the catalyst and directs hydrocarbons stripped away from the catalyst overhead through gasiform material withdrawal conduit 12, which leads to an inlet duct 78 for a cyclone separator 24 (one shown) to remove any entrained catalyst. Separated catalyst passes through cyclone dipleg 30, while a stream comprising gasiform hydrocarbons passes through cyclone overhead conduit 26 to downstream processing~ such as distillation (not shown).
The catalyst is driven by centrifugal force to pass along the surface o~ the top wall lOOa and side wall 102a. The upstream end 92b of the extension 90b is upwardly directed and~is attached to 2~ a downstxeam end ~4b, which forms a deflector 62e which is a downwardly curved member for directing catalyst downwardly into the first catalyst stripping zone 56. As shown by Figs. 14-15, the extension 90b is open, so it allows stripping gas to contact the catalyst. Figs. 14 and 15 illustrate another embodiment o~ the invention, wherein the extension 90b is an open channel member comprising a top wall lOOa attached to a side wall 102a.
Figs. 16 and 17 disclose another embodiment of the invention, wherein the extensions 90c are open channel members which are perpendicular to the riser 2 and direct the catalyst and hydrocarbon mixture to a catalyst deflector 62f comprising an annular pocket 96 in the sidewalls 104 o~ the cylindrical vessel 4.
The extensions 90c may comprise a top wall lOOb attached to a side wall 102b. Qs shown by Figs. 16-17, the extension 90c is open, so .
.. : . ` '~: , . , .-. , , ~;265~
it allows stripping gas to contact the catalyst. The annular pocket 96 is lined with rotating catalyst 110 so that the catalyst from the riser 2 does not directly impinge on the walls of the annular pocket 96. Catalyst drops from the annular pocket into the first catalyst stripping zone 56 and contacts with stripping gas countercurrently to push hydrocarbon gases upward through gasiform material withdrawal conduit 12, while allowing a major portion of the catalyst to drop through cylindrical vessel 4.
All of the embodiments disclosed in Figs. 1-17 provide ~or quick separation of catalyst and gasiform hydrocarbons at the upstream end of a riser conversion zone 2 to eliminate undesirable post riser cracking, as well as additional coke formation and hydrocarbon entrainment.
Particularly, the embodiments of Figs. 1-6 provide for quicker first zone catalyst stripping, as the perforated baffles 54 allow catalyst stripping before the catalyst exits the riser 2. The embodiments o~ Figs. 7-17 provide for a more thorough first zone catalyst stripping, because the cylindrical vessel 4 allows more intimate contact of catalyst with strippinq gas. In addition, the embodiments of Figs. 1-6 are pre~erred for retrofitting existing facilities which do not have space within a catalytic reactor 22 for a cylindrical vessel 4, and which already include cyclones 24 which are adaptable to the embodiments o~ Figs. 1-6.
While specific embodiments of the method and apparatus aspects o~ the invention have been shown and described, it should be apparent that many modifications can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not limited by the foregoing description, but is only limited by the scope o~ the claims appended thereto.
- ' ' ' , ~ . ~
~ .
`' ' :
I ~
:~ ,. ..~11.
. , , ~LZ~5~6~1 different shapes, as shown in Figs. 8-17. Thus, as shown by Fig. 8, a frustoconical bottom member 80, and a conduit 82 for withdrawing particles of separated catalyst, which is concentric ~ith the riser 2 and attached to the bottom member 80, can be provided. Conduit 82 also admits stripping gas from the second catalyst stripping zone 32 into the first catalyst stripping zone 56.
Figs. 10 13 show details of the baffles 16 (four baffles shown) resembling those located in the downstream end 52 of the riser 2, shown in Fig. 9 (two baffles shown). The baffles 16 are attached to the closed conduit 18, which has the hemispherical bottom portion 20 and conical top portion 19. The baffles 16, as well as the perforated baffles 54 shown in other embodiments, may be substantially vertical at their upstream end 55 and form an angle A
of 90~ with a first horizontal axis 59, as shown in Fig. 13. At their downstream end 57, they preferably form an angle ~ of 30 with a second horizontal axis 61. ~s an example of suitable dimensions for the embodiment of Figs. 10-14, the riser 3 may have a diameter D
of 3 feet and a distance C of 2.36 feet from the edge 55 of one baffle 16 to the next baffle 16. The closecl conduit 18 has a diameter E of one-half that of the riser 2, and the conical side walls 21 of the conical top portion 19 ~orm an anglc F of 100 with each other. Fig. 12 omits the ba~fles 16 to more clearly show closed conduit 18.
The downstream end 52 of the riser 2 may be provided with cutout sections 88 along the riser edge 60 to facilitate catalyst exiting from the riser 2 along the path provided by the baffles 16.
Figs. 7, 8 and 14-17 show alternate embodiments of the invention. In these embodiments, extensions 90 are attached to the baffles 16. The extensions 90a (Figs. 7, 8), 90b ~Figs. 14, 15~, and 90c (Figs. 16, 17) direct catalyst into cylindrical vessel 4 and allow the catalyst to contact respective deflectors 62c, 62e or 62f. The embodiment of Figs. 7 and 8 has the extension 90a, comprising the first conduit 64c attached at its upstream end 66c to :, `' ~
.; ' ~76~
the baf~les 16. The deflector 62c also has a downstream end 68c ~orming the first conduit 64c, which is curved downwardly to induce a downward momentum on the catalyst sufficient to direct the catalyst downwardly into the cylindrical vessel 4 towards the first catalyst stripping zone 56 located in the lower portion of the vessel 4. Strippiny gas may be provided from either conduit 15, as in Fig. 9, or by locating the conduit 82 o~ cylindrical vessel 4 in open communication with the second stripping zone 32, as in Fig. 8.
The stripping gas contacts with the catalyst and directs hydrocarbons stripped away from the catalyst overhead through gasiform material withdrawal conduit 12, which leads to an inlet duct 78 for a cyclone separator 24 (one shown) to remove any entrained catalyst. Separated catalyst passes through cyclone dipleg 30, while a stream comprising gasiform hydrocarbons passes through cyclone overhead conduit 26 to downstream processing~ such as distillation (not shown).
The catalyst is driven by centrifugal force to pass along the surface o~ the top wall lOOa and side wall 102a. The upstream end 92b of the extension 90b is upwardly directed and~is attached to 2~ a downstxeam end ~4b, which forms a deflector 62e which is a downwardly curved member for directing catalyst downwardly into the first catalyst stripping zone 56. As shown by Figs. 14-15, the extension 90b is open, so it allows stripping gas to contact the catalyst. Figs. 14 and 15 illustrate another embodiment o~ the invention, wherein the extension 90b is an open channel member comprising a top wall lOOa attached to a side wall 102a.
Figs. 16 and 17 disclose another embodiment of the invention, wherein the extensions 90c are open channel members which are perpendicular to the riser 2 and direct the catalyst and hydrocarbon mixture to a catalyst deflector 62f comprising an annular pocket 96 in the sidewalls 104 o~ the cylindrical vessel 4.
The extensions 90c may comprise a top wall lOOb attached to a side wall 102b. Qs shown by Figs. 16-17, the extension 90c is open, so .
.. : . ` '~: , . , .-. , , ~;265~
it allows stripping gas to contact the catalyst. The annular pocket 96 is lined with rotating catalyst 110 so that the catalyst from the riser 2 does not directly impinge on the walls of the annular pocket 96. Catalyst drops from the annular pocket into the first catalyst stripping zone 56 and contacts with stripping gas countercurrently to push hydrocarbon gases upward through gasiform material withdrawal conduit 12, while allowing a major portion of the catalyst to drop through cylindrical vessel 4.
All of the embodiments disclosed in Figs. 1-17 provide ~or quick separation of catalyst and gasiform hydrocarbons at the upstream end of a riser conversion zone 2 to eliminate undesirable post riser cracking, as well as additional coke formation and hydrocarbon entrainment.
Particularly, the embodiments of Figs. 1-6 provide for quicker first zone catalyst stripping, as the perforated baffles 54 allow catalyst stripping before the catalyst exits the riser 2. The embodiments o~ Figs. 7-17 provide for a more thorough first zone catalyst stripping, because the cylindrical vessel 4 allows more intimate contact of catalyst with strippinq gas. In addition, the embodiments of Figs. 1-6 are pre~erred for retrofitting existing facilities which do not have space within a catalytic reactor 22 for a cylindrical vessel 4, and which already include cyclones 24 which are adaptable to the embodiments o~ Figs. 1-6.
While specific embodiments of the method and apparatus aspects o~ the invention have been shown and described, it should be apparent that many modifications can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not limited by the foregoing description, but is only limited by the scope o~ the claims appended thereto.
- ' ' ' , ~ . ~
~ .
`' ' :
Claims (16)
1. A fluid catalytic cracking apparatus comprising:
a riser conversion zone formed as a vertically disposed elongated tubular conduit having an upstream end and a downstream end;
inlets for introducing hydrocarbon feed and catalyst into the upstream end of the riser to produce a gasiform mixture of catalyst and cracked hydrocarbons exiting at the downstream end of the riser conversion zone; characterized by a spinner for for spinning the mixture, at the downstream end around the longitudinal axis of the riser;
a first catalyst stripping zone for contacting the catalyst in the mixture with stripping gas, adjacent to the spinner;
and a deflector for deflecting the catalyst from the spinner to separate a major portion of the catalyst from the cracked hydrocarbons.
a riser conversion zone formed as a vertically disposed elongated tubular conduit having an upstream end and a downstream end;
inlets for introducing hydrocarbon feed and catalyst into the upstream end of the riser to produce a gasiform mixture of catalyst and cracked hydrocarbons exiting at the downstream end of the riser conversion zone; characterized by a spinner for for spinning the mixture, at the downstream end around the longitudinal axis of the riser;
a first catalyst stripping zone for contacting the catalyst in the mixture with stripping gas, adjacent to the spinner;
and a deflector for deflecting the catalyst from the spinner to separate a major portion of the catalyst from the cracked hydrocarbons.
2. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein a second catalyst stripping zone is provided for contacting the separated catalyst with stripping gas.
3. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the spinner is located within and adjacent the downstream end of the riser and comprises an annular space in the riser provided with a plurality of fixed spaced apart sloping baffles.
4. The apparatus of Claim 3 wherein the baffles have perforations therein to allow stripping gas to pass through the baffles to contact the catalyst.
5. The apparatus of Claim 4 wherein the perforated baffles are attached to an upstream end of a first conduit having a downstream end which directs the mixture to the deflector.
6. The apparatus of Claim 5 wherein the deflector comprises a downwardly curved portion of the first conduit which leads to a downcomer having a catalyst seal in the downstream end thereof, and a cyclone inlet duct is attached to the first conduit between the upstream and downstream ends thereof.
7. The apparatus of Claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the deflector comprises a cyclone separator which directs a major portion of the catalyst through a cyclone dipleg to a second catalyst stripping zone, the separator having a conduit which conducts a stream comprising hydrocarbons and unseparated catalyst out of the cyclone separator.
8. The apparatus of Claim 3, wherein the riser terminates within a cylindrical vessel and the baffles direct the catalyst to the deflector located within the cylindrical vessel, the cylindrical vessel comprising the first catalyst stripping zone which is located within a lower portion of the vessel, side walls attached to a top member and a bottom member, a means for withdrawing particles of separated catalyst, a means for admitting stripping gas which directs hydrocarbon vapors upwardly to promote separation of catalyst from hydrocarbon vapors, and a gasiform material withdrawal conduit for passing gasiform material comprising hydrocarbons and unseparated catalyst out of the cylindrical vessel, the withdrawal conduit being spaced apart from the riser downstream end and attached to the top member.
9. The apparatus of Claim 8 wherein a portion of the gasiform material withdrawal conduit is attached to an overhead duct which is connected to an inlet duct of a downstream cyclone separator.
10. The apparatus of Claim 9, wherein the cyclone separator is part of a closed cyclone fluid catalytic cracking system.
11. The apparatus of Claim 8, wherein the deflector is formed by the top member which is located so that catalyst impacts thereon to be deflected downwardly into the first catalyst stripping zone.
12. The apparatus of Claim 11, wherein the riser has cut out sections for facilitating passage of the catalyst from the riser, located on the perimeter at the downstream edge of the riser.
13. The apparatus of Claim 8, wherein each baffle is attached to an extension for guiding the catalyst to the deflecting means.
14. The apparatus of Claim 13, wherein the extension comprises a first conduit, and the deflector comprises a downstream end of the first conduit which is curved downwardly for deflecting the catalyst downwardly into the first catalyst stripping zone.
15. The apparatus of Claim 13, wherein the extension comprises an open channel member, and the deflecting means comprises a downstream end of the open channel member which is downwardly curved for deflecting catalyst downwardly into the first catalyst stripping zone.
16. The apparatus of Claim 13, wherein the extensions are open channel members perpendicular to the riser for directing the catalyst and hydrocarbon mixture to the catalyst deflector, the deflector comprising an annular pocket attached to the side wall of the cylindrical vessel where the catalyst impacts with rotating catalyst.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US663,104 | 1984-10-22 | ||
| US06/663,104 US4572780A (en) | 1984-10-22 | 1984-10-22 | Multistage stripper for FCC unit with catalyst separation by spinning |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1265761A true CA1265761A (en) | 1990-02-13 |
Family
ID=24660490
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000487850A Expired - Lifetime CA1265761A (en) | 1984-10-22 | 1985-07-31 | Multistage stripper for fcc unit with improved catalyst separation |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4572780A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0180294B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS61101593A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU587198B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8504083A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1265761A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3581695D1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA855532B (en) |
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| US4927527A (en) * | 1984-07-18 | 1990-05-22 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Method for reducing overcracking during FCC catalyst separation |
| GB8526540D0 (en) * | 1985-10-28 | 1985-12-04 | Shell Int Research | Solids-fluid separation |
| GB8527215D0 (en) * | 1985-11-05 | 1985-12-11 | Shell Int Research | Solids-fluid separation |
| US4793915A (en) * | 1987-01-15 | 1988-12-27 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Short contact time fluid catalytic cracking process |
| US4946656A (en) * | 1987-12-22 | 1990-08-07 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Vented stripper section for a fluid catalytic cracking unit apparatus |
| US4904281A (en) * | 1988-07-15 | 1990-02-27 | Engelhard Corporation | Method and apparatus for separation of solids from a gaseous stream |
| US5474669A (en) * | 1988-12-16 | 1995-12-12 | Uop | Side mounted FCC stripper with two-zone stripping |
| US5141625A (en) * | 1989-12-27 | 1992-08-25 | Uop | Second stage stripping and lift gas supply |
| CA2080974C (en) * | 1990-11-15 | 2004-02-17 | Ismail Birkan Cetinkaya | Disengager stripper containing dissipation plates for use in an fcc process |
| US5190650A (en) * | 1991-06-24 | 1993-03-02 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Tangential solids separation transfer tunnel |
| US5290430A (en) * | 1991-11-13 | 1994-03-01 | Uop | Riser disengager with suspended catalyst separation zone |
| US5614083A (en) * | 1991-11-13 | 1997-03-25 | Uop | Riser disengager with suspended catalyst separation zone |
| US5393414A (en) * | 1991-12-06 | 1995-02-28 | Uop | FCC process with enclosed vented riser |
| US6038934A (en) * | 1992-06-09 | 2000-03-21 | Peterson; Roger | Sampler apparatus and method of use |
| US5593643A (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 1997-01-14 | Uop | FCC arrangement with externally suspended catalyst separation zone |
| US7351326B1 (en) * | 2002-07-23 | 2008-04-01 | Hartley Owen | FCC closed cyclone with snorkel |
| US7179427B2 (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2007-02-20 | Abb Lummus Global Inc. | Apparatus for countercurrent contacting of gas and solids |
| US7927404B2 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2011-04-19 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Reactor having a downcomer producing improved gas-liquid separation and method of use |
| US8435401B2 (en) | 2009-01-06 | 2013-05-07 | Process Innovators, Inc. | Fluidized catalytic cracker with active stripper and methods using same |
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| US8815082B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2014-08-26 | Uop Llc | Process and apparatus for mixing two streams of catalyst |
| US8747657B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2014-06-10 | Uop Llc | Process and apparatus for mixing two streams of catalyst |
| US8747504B2 (en) | 2011-12-16 | 2014-06-10 | Uop Llc | Gas-solids separation units and methods for the manufacture thereof |
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| US8916099B2 (en) | 2012-03-20 | 2014-12-23 | Uop Llc | Process and apparatus for mixing two streams of catalyst |
| US9375695B2 (en) | 2012-03-20 | 2016-06-28 | Uop Llc | Process and apparatus for mixing two streams of catalyst |
| US8936758B2 (en) | 2012-03-20 | 2015-01-20 | Uop Llc | Process and apparatus for mixing two streams of catalyst |
| US8815166B2 (en) | 2012-03-20 | 2014-08-26 | Uop Llc | Process and apparatus for mixing two streams of catalyst |
| US9376633B2 (en) | 2014-03-31 | 2016-06-28 | Uop Llc | Process and apparatus for distributing fluidizing gas to an FCC riser |
| US9205394B2 (en) | 2014-03-31 | 2015-12-08 | Uop Llc | Process and apparatus for distributing fluidizing gas to an FCC riser |
| FR3094984A1 (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2020-10-16 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | THREE-PHASE REACTOR WITH RECYCLE CUP WITH DECREASING SECTION AND VARIABLE TILT ANGLE |
| EP4114573A4 (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2023-12-06 | Metso Metals Oy | Cyclone separator arrangement |
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| US3123547A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | Fluidized catalytic cracking process | ||
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1984
- 1984-10-22 US US06/663,104 patent/US4572780A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1985
- 1985-07-22 ZA ZA855532A patent/ZA855532B/en unknown
- 1985-07-24 EP EP85305251A patent/EP0180294B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-07-24 DE DE8585305251T patent/DE3581695D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-07-31 AU AU45635/85A patent/AU587198B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1985-07-31 CA CA000487850A patent/CA1265761A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-08-26 BR BR8504083A patent/BR8504083A/en unknown
- 1985-10-22 JP JP60234675A patent/JPS61101593A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA855532B (en) | 1987-02-25 |
| AU587198B2 (en) | 1989-08-10 |
| AU4563585A (en) | 1986-05-01 |
| EP0180294B1 (en) | 1991-02-06 |
| JPS61101593A (en) | 1986-05-20 |
| BR8504083A (en) | 1986-06-17 |
| EP0180294A1 (en) | 1986-05-07 |
| DE3581695D1 (en) | 1991-03-14 |
| US4572780A (en) | 1986-02-25 |
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