CA1287425C - Method and apparatus for transporting photosensitive fluids - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for transporting photosensitive fluidsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1287425C CA1287425C CA000500248A CA500248A CA1287425C CA 1287425 C CA1287425 C CA 1287425C CA 000500248 A CA000500248 A CA 000500248A CA 500248 A CA500248 A CA 500248A CA 1287425 C CA1287425 C CA 1287425C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- polymer material
- container
- colouring matter
- electromagnetic radiation
- blend
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/508—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0041—Optical brightening agents, organic pigments
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/25—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing including sample preparation
- Y10T436/2525—Stabilizing or preserving
Abstract
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSPORTING
BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS
ABSTRACT
A container body is formed of a polymer material and contains coloring matter effective to render the body substantially opaque to electro-magnetic radiation having a wave length Or about 5 to about 600 nm and translucent or semi-transparent to electromagnetic radiation having a wave length of about 600 to about 800 nm; the container permits storage and transport of photosensitive fluids, for example, body fluids for test purposes which contain bilirubin and other photo-degradable substances; at the same time the contents of the container body is apparent from visual inspection.
BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS
ABSTRACT
A container body is formed of a polymer material and contains coloring matter effective to render the body substantially opaque to electro-magnetic radiation having a wave length Or about 5 to about 600 nm and translucent or semi-transparent to electromagnetic radiation having a wave length of about 600 to about 800 nm; the container permits storage and transport of photosensitive fluids, for example, body fluids for test purposes which contain bilirubin and other photo-degradable substances; at the same time the contents of the container body is apparent from visual inspection.
Description
-- ~Z87~25 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
i) Field of the Invention This invention is concerned with the storage and transport of photo-sensitive fluids, especially biological fluids. In particular, the invention is concerned with a container for the storage, protection and transport of such fluids, a method of storing and transporting such fluids and an improved diagnostic metllod.
ii) Description of Prior Art Analytical tèsts play an important role in food and medicinal chemistry. In the field oE
medicine such tests are used both in diagnosis and prognosis of disease and are being used increasingly in routine medical examinations.
Analytical tests for diagnosis and prognosis of disease are more generally referred to as diagnostic tests. Such tests involve obtaining samples of body fluids, for example, blood or urine, from a patient, and subjectin~ the samples to analytical tests or the presence oE abnormal components, the absence of normal components or of an excess of normal components, any of which may be indicative of disease or the onset of disease.
' 2~ 5 The analytical testing is frequently carried out at a location and time remote from those at which the samples are taken.
One difficulty with tests of this type is the possible presence in the sample, at the time of testing, of materials which interfere with the test or distort the test results. Such interfering or disturbing materials may produce a false positive or negative finding.
Another difficulty is that the substances in the sample which are to be tested for may degrade between the time that the sample is taken and the time of the analytical test. One cause of such degradation is exposure to electromagnetic radiation or light.
In ordèr to avoid this problem it has been common practice to store the samples in opaque containers up to the time of testing.
In this way degradation of substances to be tested for may be minimized.
A disadvantage of this practice is that the contents of the container can not be viewed with-out opening the container. Thus, whether or not a container contains a fluld sample ls not apparent from a visual inspection. Opening the container prior to the analytical testing does, of course, lZ8~742~
.
expose the fluid contents to electromagnetic radiation which may be sufficient to initiate degradation o~
substances in the fluid.
It is an object of this invention to over-come problems associated with conventional containers.
It is another object of this invention to provide an improved method for storing and transport-ing photo-sensitive fluids.
It is still another object of this invention to provide an improvement in diagnostic methods.
SUMMARY OF T~E INVENTION
In accordance with the invention there is provided a container for storage and transportation of photo-sensitive ~luids. The container has a container body formed of polymer material which contains colouring matter. The colourinq matter is selected so as to render the container body substantially opaque to electromagnetic radiation having a wave length of about 200 to about 600 nm, and translucent to electromagnetic radiation havinq a wave length of about 600 to about ~00 nm.
There is also provided, in accordance with the invention, a composition for forming the container body and a method of storing photosensitive fluids.
In particular the use of colouring matter which prevents any significant transission of ultra-vi~let light and light in the visible spectrum having a wave length below 600 nm prevents degradation of many substances found in body fluids, including bilirubin, ceruloplasmin, creatine phosphokinase, Vitamin A, carotene and folic acid which substances are photo-sensitive.
On the other hand, the colouring matter is also selected to permit transmission of some light in the visible spectrum so as to be semi-transparent or translucent, whereby the interior of the container body may be viewed by visual inspection o~ the body, without the necessity of opening the container.
The polymer material is one which, in the absence of the colourin~ matter, will form a clear body, transparent to ultraviolet radiation and light in the visible spectrum.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
i) Polymer Material Any polymer material meeting the basic requirements for forming an essentially clear trans-parent container body may be employed.
Suitably the polymer material is moldablè
to form a hard, sel~-supporting body of rigid, durable, impact and heat resistant structure. The polymer material should be substantially inert to the environment in which it is to be used. Clearly the polymer material should be inert to the photo-sensitive fluids which it is to house.
~ e polymer material should not readily discolour or stain and should be susceptible to being mol~ed with colouring matter of an inorganic or organic nature, and should withstand temperature extremes without cracXing.
The polymer may be a homopolymer or copolymer or mixtures thereof or a high molecular weight condensation product.
An especially suitable polymer material is polystyrene especially clear or crystal polystyrène, for example, that marketed under the trade mark Styron 667, by Dow Chemical ~anada.
The colouring matter may be inorganic or organic in nature and may be a pigment or dye.
ii) Colouring Matter The colouring matter should be dispersible in the polymer material so as to uniformly colour the resulting container body to produce an acceptable appearance. The colouring matter should be stable at the elevated temperatures encountered in the processing of the polymer material to form the`
container body. Also, the colouring matter should be inert to the photosensitive fluids housed in the container.
~ he colouring matter may be composed of a mixture of two or more pigments or dyes which together provide the required characteristics of blocking.
`: 1;;:87~
certain ranges of electromagne~ic radiation and being transparent or translucent to others.
In practice of the invention i~ is not essential that the colourin~ matter render the container body comletely opaque within the range of about 200 to about 600 nm, and some transmission in short ranges within this range may be permissible.
For the purposes of the invention transmission in short ranges spanning up to 100 nm within the range of 200 to about 550 nm should not exceed 20~, preferably not exceed 15% and most pre~erably not exceed 10%.
It will be understood that different components of photo-sensitive fluids are degradable at different wave lengths of electromagnetic radiation. Limi~ed transmission o~ electromagnetic radiation at wave lengths which do not signiicantly affec~ components under consideration in the fluid is not detrimental.
By way of example, the st significant degradation of bilirubin occurs on exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the range oE 400 to 600 nm which is within the visible spectrum, and there is si~niicantly less degradation on exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the ultra-violet region below 400 nm, especially below 370 nm.
~28~742S
Ceruloplasmin, on the other hand, degrades on exposure to ultra-violet radiation having a wave length oP about 254 nm. Clearly some limited trans-mission of electromagnetic radiation in a short range of wave length between 254 nm and 370 nm will not affect bilirubin and ceruloplasmin to any significant extent and thus will not affect analysis results concerning these two components of biological fluids.
Other test components such as Vitamin A, carotene and folic acid are likewise sensitive to electromagnetic radiation in the ultra-violet region. Creatine phosphokinase is sensitive to blue light in the visible spectrum around 390 to 400 nm.
An especially preferred class of colouring matter is that which produces an amber colouration in the container body.
Inorganic pigments which produce an amber colouration include blends of iron oxides. For example, an amber colouration is produced by a blend comprising a red iron oxide pigment with a small amount typically 10 to 15%, by weight, of the blend, of black iron oxide pigment.
Red iron oxide, also known as brown iron oxide is reddish-brown in colour; it is not a true iron oxide but contains ferric carbonate, ferric hydroxide and ferrous hydroxide and is used as a lZ87~
paint pigment. One suitable red iron oxide is that available from ~lilton Davis (U.S.A.) under tlle trade mark Microspin Red, ~hich is in a micronized powder form and has a colour index No. 77491.
Black iron oxide is klue-black in colour and contains ferrous oxide, ferric oxide and ferriferrous oxide. One suitable black iron oxide is that available ~rom Hilton Davis (~.S.A.), under the trade mark ~ransoxide BlacX, which is also in a micronized powder form and has a colour index No. 77499-Blends of organic dyes having blue, red and yellow colourations are found to be useful in forming an amber colouration. Such dyes include, in particular, polycyclic compounds, for example, anthra~
quinone and perinone derivatives which are soluble or dispersible in solvents. For example, an ambercolouration is produced by a blend of blue, red and yellow organic dyes of this type available from Hoechst Canada under the trade marks Solvoperm Blue B, Solvoperm Red G and Solvoperm Yellow G. For example, an amber colouration is obtained from a blend comprising 10 to 30%, by weight, of Solvoperm Blue B
and 35 to 45~, by weight, of each of Solvoperm Red G
and Solvoperm Yellow G to a total of 100%, more especially a blend comprising 20% of the Blue B an 40%
of each of the Red G and Yellow G, by weight, provides good results.
_ 9 _ 1287~
Organic dyes~ such as those of the Solvoperm series can be more particularly characterized by reference to their Colour Index. The Colour Index is an International Classification established by the Society of Dyers and Colourists of Great Britain and the American Association Or Textile Chemists and Colourists. The characterizing Colour Indices of the three SolvGperm dyes is set out hereinafter in Table I.
TABLE
Dye Colour Index Solvoperm Blue B Solvent Violet 13 Solvoperm Red G Solvent Red 135 Solvoperm Yellow G Disperse Yellow 64 iii) Container The container conveniently includes a container body in accordance with the invention and a container lid. The invention is not concerned with the mechanical structure Or the container which may be conventional.
A typical container body will include a 6enerally cylindrical wall terminating at a base end in a disc-shaped floor and being open at a rim end.
A structure such as a thread is provided at the rim end ror secure engagement with the lid.
~87~1~5 ~~- The lid is suitably pigmented to render it substantially opaque to electromagnetic radiation having a wave length in the range of abou~ 200 to about 800 nm. Thus the lid would be opaque to both ultra-voilet and visible light. Conveniently the lid may be molded from low density polyethylene pigmented with a white pigment, for example, titanium dioxide.
The lid could be manufactured from the formulation employed in the container body but this is not necessary.
The polymer material of the container body typically will contain from 0.010 to 0.5%, preferably ~5-~ ~f-'~
t~2-5-~, by weight, of the colouring matter, the remainder being polymer material.
The wall thickness of the container is suitably from 0.5 cm to 0.25 cm, and preferably about 0.1 cm to about 0.15 cm.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention is further illustrated by reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows a container for biological fluids in accordance witll the invention, FIG. 2 illustrates graphically the transmission properties of a container body of the invention in a first embodiment, FIG. 3 illustrates graphically the trans-mission properties of a container body of the invention in a second embodiment, and FIG. 4 illustrates graphically the trans-mission properties of a container body formed from the polymer material of the container bodies of FIGS. 2 and 3 but without the inclusion of colouring matter.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED AND
PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS WITH REFERENCE
TO THE DRAWINGS
With further reference to FIG. 1 a container 10 for biological fluid samples includes a container body 12 and a lid 14.
Lid 14 is substantially opa~ue and the interior of container 10 can not be viewed through lid 14.
Container body 12 is amber coloured and semi-transparent or translucent such that the interior of container 10 can be viewed through the walls Or container body 12.
With further reference to FIG. 2, there is shown graphically a plot of transmission of electro-magnetic radiation against wave length in the region 200 to 800 nm for a composition of the invention ~Z~7~
suitable for forming a body 12 of the invention. It will be observed that there is substantially no transmission of electromagnetic radiation up to 500 nm and transmission only begins to increase at about 550 nm so that transmission is low up to about 600 nm where it is about 0.4. Thereafter transmission increases steadily in the range 600 nm to 800 nm.
With further reference to FIG. 3, similar results are shown for a different composition in accordance with the invention. In this case there i5 no significant increase in transmission until above 600 nm, although there is a small peak showing some increased transmission in a narrow range between 300 and 400 nm.
With further reference to FIG. 4 it can be seen that in the absence o colouring matter the polymer material is substantially transparent in a region from below 300 nm to 800 nm.
~2~
EXAMPLE
In order to demonstrate the utility of the compositions of the invention for storage of photo-sensitive fluids, light absorption and extraction studies were carried out on compositions in accordance with the invention having the same base polymer material, and a comparison was made with the base polymer material unadulterated with colouring matter.
A. LIGHT ABSORPTION STUDIES
iJ Sample Preparation The samples used for light absorption studies were cut from large batch sheets of molded compositions of the invention in such a way as to give similar thickness, a flat surface with no air bubbles and dimensions of approximately 1 x 3 cm.
Absorption spectra were recorded on a HP 8451A DIODE ARRAY SPECTROPHOTOMETER in the 200 to 800 nm region.
ii) Results TABLE II: ABSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FOUR
DIFFERENT MATERIALS (% TRANSMITTANCE) Example~ Wavelength of Interest (nm) 200-300 300-400 400-500 500-600 `
:lZ~7~
, ~
Example 1 has substantially no transmission up to 500 nm and beyond with a gradual increase of light transmission up to 19% at 600 nm. Example 2 allowed a small amount of light (about 12%) to pass through in a short range between 300-400 nm. Beyond 500 nm, there was a gradual increase of light transmission but the amount of light transmitted was considerably less than for Example 1 in the same region.
A plot of transmission with wave length was obtained for each Example. The results for Example 1 are shown in FIG. 2 and the results for Example 2 are shown in FIG. 3.
The compositions of Examples 1 and 2 are as follows:
Example 1 Base polymer material - crystal polystyrene tstYron 667) 99.77~, by weight.
Colouring matter - Microspin Red - 0.2~, by weight - Transoxide Black 0.03~, by weight Example 2 Base polymer material - crystal polystyrene (Stryon 667) 99.925%, by weight Colouring ~latter:
Solvent Violet 13 - Solvo~erm Blue B, 0.015~, by ~eight Solvent Red 135 - Solvoperm Red G. 0.03%, by weight Disperse Yellow 64 - Solvoperm Yellow G, 0.03%, by weight - . .~ ,.,,, , .... , . . - .
~2~7~
In each case the base polymer was intimately blended with the colouring matter to distribute the clouring matter unifcrmly therethrough at a temperature of 200oc, and the test sheets were molded from the resulting blend.
FIG. 4 is a comparison showing the results on a test sheet formed from the base polymer material of Examples l and ? but without the addition Or colouring matter.
B. EXTRACTION STUDIES
i) Sample Preparation Sufficient materials from the sheets employed in the light absorption studies were cut into tiny pieces and stored in a vial. 2.00~ 0.01g of the pieces were weighed into each of three containers tone 25 ml volumetric flask and two 25 ml clear bottles).
Three different liquids were dispensed into each con-tainer as follows: l0 ml of 10% ethanol into the 25 ml flask; 5 ml of 0.1N HCl and 5 ml of 0.1N NaOH into the two bottles whereafter the containers were wrapped with parafilm and labelled. The containers were placed onto a heater controlled at a temperature of 50 ~ 3C for 17 hours. Transmission characteristics of the three solvents in the range 200 nm to 800 nm were recorded and these demonstrated substantially no extraction of colouring matter from the pieces by the . :,. -' ': '' :
7~
liquids. This demonstrates the inert and stable character of the compositions of the invention.
.
i) Field of the Invention This invention is concerned with the storage and transport of photo-sensitive fluids, especially biological fluids. In particular, the invention is concerned with a container for the storage, protection and transport of such fluids, a method of storing and transporting such fluids and an improved diagnostic metllod.
ii) Description of Prior Art Analytical tèsts play an important role in food and medicinal chemistry. In the field oE
medicine such tests are used both in diagnosis and prognosis of disease and are being used increasingly in routine medical examinations.
Analytical tests for diagnosis and prognosis of disease are more generally referred to as diagnostic tests. Such tests involve obtaining samples of body fluids, for example, blood or urine, from a patient, and subjectin~ the samples to analytical tests or the presence oE abnormal components, the absence of normal components or of an excess of normal components, any of which may be indicative of disease or the onset of disease.
' 2~ 5 The analytical testing is frequently carried out at a location and time remote from those at which the samples are taken.
One difficulty with tests of this type is the possible presence in the sample, at the time of testing, of materials which interfere with the test or distort the test results. Such interfering or disturbing materials may produce a false positive or negative finding.
Another difficulty is that the substances in the sample which are to be tested for may degrade between the time that the sample is taken and the time of the analytical test. One cause of such degradation is exposure to electromagnetic radiation or light.
In ordèr to avoid this problem it has been common practice to store the samples in opaque containers up to the time of testing.
In this way degradation of substances to be tested for may be minimized.
A disadvantage of this practice is that the contents of the container can not be viewed with-out opening the container. Thus, whether or not a container contains a fluld sample ls not apparent from a visual inspection. Opening the container prior to the analytical testing does, of course, lZ8~742~
.
expose the fluid contents to electromagnetic radiation which may be sufficient to initiate degradation o~
substances in the fluid.
It is an object of this invention to over-come problems associated with conventional containers.
It is another object of this invention to provide an improved method for storing and transport-ing photo-sensitive fluids.
It is still another object of this invention to provide an improvement in diagnostic methods.
SUMMARY OF T~E INVENTION
In accordance with the invention there is provided a container for storage and transportation of photo-sensitive ~luids. The container has a container body formed of polymer material which contains colouring matter. The colourinq matter is selected so as to render the container body substantially opaque to electromagnetic radiation having a wave length of about 200 to about 600 nm, and translucent to electromagnetic radiation havinq a wave length of about 600 to about ~00 nm.
There is also provided, in accordance with the invention, a composition for forming the container body and a method of storing photosensitive fluids.
In particular the use of colouring matter which prevents any significant transission of ultra-vi~let light and light in the visible spectrum having a wave length below 600 nm prevents degradation of many substances found in body fluids, including bilirubin, ceruloplasmin, creatine phosphokinase, Vitamin A, carotene and folic acid which substances are photo-sensitive.
On the other hand, the colouring matter is also selected to permit transmission of some light in the visible spectrum so as to be semi-transparent or translucent, whereby the interior of the container body may be viewed by visual inspection o~ the body, without the necessity of opening the container.
The polymer material is one which, in the absence of the colourin~ matter, will form a clear body, transparent to ultraviolet radiation and light in the visible spectrum.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
i) Polymer Material Any polymer material meeting the basic requirements for forming an essentially clear trans-parent container body may be employed.
Suitably the polymer material is moldablè
to form a hard, sel~-supporting body of rigid, durable, impact and heat resistant structure. The polymer material should be substantially inert to the environment in which it is to be used. Clearly the polymer material should be inert to the photo-sensitive fluids which it is to house.
~ e polymer material should not readily discolour or stain and should be susceptible to being mol~ed with colouring matter of an inorganic or organic nature, and should withstand temperature extremes without cracXing.
The polymer may be a homopolymer or copolymer or mixtures thereof or a high molecular weight condensation product.
An especially suitable polymer material is polystyrene especially clear or crystal polystyrène, for example, that marketed under the trade mark Styron 667, by Dow Chemical ~anada.
The colouring matter may be inorganic or organic in nature and may be a pigment or dye.
ii) Colouring Matter The colouring matter should be dispersible in the polymer material so as to uniformly colour the resulting container body to produce an acceptable appearance. The colouring matter should be stable at the elevated temperatures encountered in the processing of the polymer material to form the`
container body. Also, the colouring matter should be inert to the photosensitive fluids housed in the container.
~ he colouring matter may be composed of a mixture of two or more pigments or dyes which together provide the required characteristics of blocking.
`: 1;;:87~
certain ranges of electromagne~ic radiation and being transparent or translucent to others.
In practice of the invention i~ is not essential that the colourin~ matter render the container body comletely opaque within the range of about 200 to about 600 nm, and some transmission in short ranges within this range may be permissible.
For the purposes of the invention transmission in short ranges spanning up to 100 nm within the range of 200 to about 550 nm should not exceed 20~, preferably not exceed 15% and most pre~erably not exceed 10%.
It will be understood that different components of photo-sensitive fluids are degradable at different wave lengths of electromagnetic radiation. Limi~ed transmission o~ electromagnetic radiation at wave lengths which do not signiicantly affec~ components under consideration in the fluid is not detrimental.
By way of example, the st significant degradation of bilirubin occurs on exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the range oE 400 to 600 nm which is within the visible spectrum, and there is si~niicantly less degradation on exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the ultra-violet region below 400 nm, especially below 370 nm.
~28~742S
Ceruloplasmin, on the other hand, degrades on exposure to ultra-violet radiation having a wave length oP about 254 nm. Clearly some limited trans-mission of electromagnetic radiation in a short range of wave length between 254 nm and 370 nm will not affect bilirubin and ceruloplasmin to any significant extent and thus will not affect analysis results concerning these two components of biological fluids.
Other test components such as Vitamin A, carotene and folic acid are likewise sensitive to electromagnetic radiation in the ultra-violet region. Creatine phosphokinase is sensitive to blue light in the visible spectrum around 390 to 400 nm.
An especially preferred class of colouring matter is that which produces an amber colouration in the container body.
Inorganic pigments which produce an amber colouration include blends of iron oxides. For example, an amber colouration is produced by a blend comprising a red iron oxide pigment with a small amount typically 10 to 15%, by weight, of the blend, of black iron oxide pigment.
Red iron oxide, also known as brown iron oxide is reddish-brown in colour; it is not a true iron oxide but contains ferric carbonate, ferric hydroxide and ferrous hydroxide and is used as a lZ87~
paint pigment. One suitable red iron oxide is that available from ~lilton Davis (U.S.A.) under tlle trade mark Microspin Red, ~hich is in a micronized powder form and has a colour index No. 77491.
Black iron oxide is klue-black in colour and contains ferrous oxide, ferric oxide and ferriferrous oxide. One suitable black iron oxide is that available ~rom Hilton Davis (~.S.A.), under the trade mark ~ransoxide BlacX, which is also in a micronized powder form and has a colour index No. 77499-Blends of organic dyes having blue, red and yellow colourations are found to be useful in forming an amber colouration. Such dyes include, in particular, polycyclic compounds, for example, anthra~
quinone and perinone derivatives which are soluble or dispersible in solvents. For example, an ambercolouration is produced by a blend of blue, red and yellow organic dyes of this type available from Hoechst Canada under the trade marks Solvoperm Blue B, Solvoperm Red G and Solvoperm Yellow G. For example, an amber colouration is obtained from a blend comprising 10 to 30%, by weight, of Solvoperm Blue B
and 35 to 45~, by weight, of each of Solvoperm Red G
and Solvoperm Yellow G to a total of 100%, more especially a blend comprising 20% of the Blue B an 40%
of each of the Red G and Yellow G, by weight, provides good results.
_ 9 _ 1287~
Organic dyes~ such as those of the Solvoperm series can be more particularly characterized by reference to their Colour Index. The Colour Index is an International Classification established by the Society of Dyers and Colourists of Great Britain and the American Association Or Textile Chemists and Colourists. The characterizing Colour Indices of the three SolvGperm dyes is set out hereinafter in Table I.
TABLE
Dye Colour Index Solvoperm Blue B Solvent Violet 13 Solvoperm Red G Solvent Red 135 Solvoperm Yellow G Disperse Yellow 64 iii) Container The container conveniently includes a container body in accordance with the invention and a container lid. The invention is not concerned with the mechanical structure Or the container which may be conventional.
A typical container body will include a 6enerally cylindrical wall terminating at a base end in a disc-shaped floor and being open at a rim end.
A structure such as a thread is provided at the rim end ror secure engagement with the lid.
~87~1~5 ~~- The lid is suitably pigmented to render it substantially opaque to electromagnetic radiation having a wave length in the range of abou~ 200 to about 800 nm. Thus the lid would be opaque to both ultra-voilet and visible light. Conveniently the lid may be molded from low density polyethylene pigmented with a white pigment, for example, titanium dioxide.
The lid could be manufactured from the formulation employed in the container body but this is not necessary.
The polymer material of the container body typically will contain from 0.010 to 0.5%, preferably ~5-~ ~f-'~
t~2-5-~, by weight, of the colouring matter, the remainder being polymer material.
The wall thickness of the container is suitably from 0.5 cm to 0.25 cm, and preferably about 0.1 cm to about 0.15 cm.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention is further illustrated by reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows a container for biological fluids in accordance witll the invention, FIG. 2 illustrates graphically the transmission properties of a container body of the invention in a first embodiment, FIG. 3 illustrates graphically the trans-mission properties of a container body of the invention in a second embodiment, and FIG. 4 illustrates graphically the trans-mission properties of a container body formed from the polymer material of the container bodies of FIGS. 2 and 3 but without the inclusion of colouring matter.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED AND
PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS WITH REFERENCE
TO THE DRAWINGS
With further reference to FIG. 1 a container 10 for biological fluid samples includes a container body 12 and a lid 14.
Lid 14 is substantially opa~ue and the interior of container 10 can not be viewed through lid 14.
Container body 12 is amber coloured and semi-transparent or translucent such that the interior of container 10 can be viewed through the walls Or container body 12.
With further reference to FIG. 2, there is shown graphically a plot of transmission of electro-magnetic radiation against wave length in the region 200 to 800 nm for a composition of the invention ~Z~7~
suitable for forming a body 12 of the invention. It will be observed that there is substantially no transmission of electromagnetic radiation up to 500 nm and transmission only begins to increase at about 550 nm so that transmission is low up to about 600 nm where it is about 0.4. Thereafter transmission increases steadily in the range 600 nm to 800 nm.
With further reference to FIG. 3, similar results are shown for a different composition in accordance with the invention. In this case there i5 no significant increase in transmission until above 600 nm, although there is a small peak showing some increased transmission in a narrow range between 300 and 400 nm.
With further reference to FIG. 4 it can be seen that in the absence o colouring matter the polymer material is substantially transparent in a region from below 300 nm to 800 nm.
~2~
EXAMPLE
In order to demonstrate the utility of the compositions of the invention for storage of photo-sensitive fluids, light absorption and extraction studies were carried out on compositions in accordance with the invention having the same base polymer material, and a comparison was made with the base polymer material unadulterated with colouring matter.
A. LIGHT ABSORPTION STUDIES
iJ Sample Preparation The samples used for light absorption studies were cut from large batch sheets of molded compositions of the invention in such a way as to give similar thickness, a flat surface with no air bubbles and dimensions of approximately 1 x 3 cm.
Absorption spectra were recorded on a HP 8451A DIODE ARRAY SPECTROPHOTOMETER in the 200 to 800 nm region.
ii) Results TABLE II: ABSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FOUR
DIFFERENT MATERIALS (% TRANSMITTANCE) Example~ Wavelength of Interest (nm) 200-300 300-400 400-500 500-600 `
:lZ~7~
, ~
Example 1 has substantially no transmission up to 500 nm and beyond with a gradual increase of light transmission up to 19% at 600 nm. Example 2 allowed a small amount of light (about 12%) to pass through in a short range between 300-400 nm. Beyond 500 nm, there was a gradual increase of light transmission but the amount of light transmitted was considerably less than for Example 1 in the same region.
A plot of transmission with wave length was obtained for each Example. The results for Example 1 are shown in FIG. 2 and the results for Example 2 are shown in FIG. 3.
The compositions of Examples 1 and 2 are as follows:
Example 1 Base polymer material - crystal polystyrene tstYron 667) 99.77~, by weight.
Colouring matter - Microspin Red - 0.2~, by weight - Transoxide Black 0.03~, by weight Example 2 Base polymer material - crystal polystyrene (Stryon 667) 99.925%, by weight Colouring ~latter:
Solvent Violet 13 - Solvo~erm Blue B, 0.015~, by ~eight Solvent Red 135 - Solvoperm Red G. 0.03%, by weight Disperse Yellow 64 - Solvoperm Yellow G, 0.03%, by weight - . .~ ,.,,, , .... , . . - .
~2~7~
In each case the base polymer was intimately blended with the colouring matter to distribute the clouring matter unifcrmly therethrough at a temperature of 200oc, and the test sheets were molded from the resulting blend.
FIG. 4 is a comparison showing the results on a test sheet formed from the base polymer material of Examples l and ? but without the addition Or colouring matter.
B. EXTRACTION STUDIES
i) Sample Preparation Sufficient materials from the sheets employed in the light absorption studies were cut into tiny pieces and stored in a vial. 2.00~ 0.01g of the pieces were weighed into each of three containers tone 25 ml volumetric flask and two 25 ml clear bottles).
Three different liquids were dispensed into each con-tainer as follows: l0 ml of 10% ethanol into the 25 ml flask; 5 ml of 0.1N HCl and 5 ml of 0.1N NaOH into the two bottles whereafter the containers were wrapped with parafilm and labelled. The containers were placed onto a heater controlled at a temperature of 50 ~ 3C for 17 hours. Transmission characteristics of the three solvents in the range 200 nm to 800 nm were recorded and these demonstrated substantially no extraction of colouring matter from the pieces by the . :,. -' ': '' :
7~
liquids. This demonstrates the inert and stable character of the compositions of the invention.
.
Claims (6)
1. A container for storage and transportation of photo-sensitive fluids comprising:
a container body formed of polymer material, said polymer material containing colouring matter effective to render said body substantially opaque to electromagnetic radiation having a wave length of about 200 to about 600 nm and translucent to electromagnetic radiation having a wave length of about 600 to about 800 nm, said polymer material, when free of said colouring matter, being adapted to form a clear, body transparent to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of about 200 to about 800 nm.
a container body formed of polymer material, said polymer material containing colouring matter effective to render said body substantially opaque to electromagnetic radiation having a wave length of about 200 to about 600 nm and translucent to electromagnetic radiation having a wave length of about 600 to about 800 nm, said polymer material, when free of said colouring matter, being adapted to form a clear, body transparent to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of about 200 to about 800 nm.
2. A container according to claim 1, wherein said polymer material is crystal polystyrene and said colouring matter is a mixture of at least two inorganic or organic pigments effective to colour said crystal polystyrene amber;
said polymer material containing from 0.010% to 0.5%, by weight, of said colouring matter.
said polymer material containing from 0.010% to 0.5%, by weight, of said colouring matter.
3. A container according to claim 2, wherein said colouring matter is a blend of micronized red iron oxide and black iron oxide.
4. A container according to claim 2, wherein said colouring matter is a blend of dyes said dyes being polycyclic compounds.
5. A container according to claim 4, wherein said blend is a blend of dyes characterized in accordance with the Colour Index as Solvent Violet 13, Solvent Red 135 and Disperse Yellow 64, in amounts to produce an amber colouration.
6. A container according to claim 1, further including a molded lid adapted to be removably secured to close said container body, said lid being substantially opaque to electromagnetic radiation in the range of about 200 to about 800 nm.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US803,281 | 1985-12-02 | ||
| US06/803,281 US4769335A (en) | 1985-12-02 | 1985-12-02 | Method and apparatus for transporting photosensitive fluids |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1287425C true CA1287425C (en) | 1991-08-06 |
Family
ID=25186109
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000500248A Expired - Lifetime CA1287425C (en) | 1985-12-02 | 1986-01-23 | Method and apparatus for transporting photosensitive fluids |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4769335A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1287425C (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01177501A (en) * | 1988-01-07 | 1989-07-13 | Nippon Steel Chem Co Ltd | Resin composition for molding black shielding material |
| US6716396B1 (en) | 1999-05-14 | 2004-04-06 | Gen-Probe Incorporated | Penetrable cap |
| US20050172862A1 (en) * | 2004-02-10 | 2005-08-11 | Rich Zachary T. | Plastic resin delivery and dispensing system for fluid concrete admixtures |
| EP1741488A1 (en) * | 2005-07-07 | 2007-01-10 | Roche Diagnostics GmbH | Containers and methods for automated handling of a liquid |
| GB0515426D0 (en) * | 2005-07-27 | 2005-08-31 | Autom Partnership Cambridge | Sample tube |
| US20080169200A1 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-07-17 | Thomas David Burleigh | Method of Anodizing Steel |
| DE202008004440U1 (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2009-08-13 | Brand Gmbh + Co Kg | Volumeter for laboratory use |
| ES2358409A1 (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2011-05-10 | Ingenia Biosystems Sl | Double container system for components of a photochemical reaction. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1247520A (en) * | 1967-10-23 | 1971-09-22 | Ole Rues | Container for laboratory use |
| US4015131A (en) * | 1974-01-16 | 1977-03-29 | Pitney-Bowes, Inc. | Multi-detectable ink compositions and method of use |
| US4327127A (en) * | 1978-11-27 | 1982-04-27 | Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Mfg. Co., Inc. | Process for making transfer elements |
| US4250078A (en) * | 1979-03-19 | 1981-02-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Thermoplastic polyester molding compositions |
| JPS59226002A (en) * | 1983-06-06 | 1984-12-19 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Photo-polymerizable composition |
-
1985
- 1985-12-02 US US06/803,281 patent/US4769335A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1986
- 1986-01-23 CA CA000500248A patent/CA1287425C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4769335A (en) | 1988-09-06 |
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| MKEX | Expiry |