CA1294331C - Measuring system that allocates a measured value to a measurable variable and measurement transducer therefor - Google Patents
Measuring system that allocates a measured value to a measurable variable and measurement transducer thereforInfo
- Publication number
- CA1294331C CA1294331C CA000535316A CA535316A CA1294331C CA 1294331 C CA1294331 C CA 1294331C CA 000535316 A CA000535316 A CA 000535316A CA 535316 A CA535316 A CA 535316A CA 1294331 C CA1294331 C CA 1294331C
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- characteristic
- memory
- measurement transducer
- type
- individual
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D3/00—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups
- G01D3/02—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups with provision for altering or correcting the law of variation
- G01D3/022—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups with provision for altering or correcting the law of variation having an ideal characteristic, map or correction data stored in a digital memory
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A type characteristic of a measurement transducer is stored in a type memory of an evaluator. Deviations of the type characteristic from the individual characteristic of the measurement transducer are defined by individual values which accompany the measurement transducer in a coding memory. A
computer of the evaluator identifies the corresponding measured value for every electrical measured signal from the type characteristic and from the individual values.
A type characteristic of a measurement transducer is stored in a type memory of an evaluator. Deviations of the type characteristic from the individual characteristic of the measurement transducer are defined by individual values which accompany the measurement transducer in a coding memory. A
computer of the evaluator identifies the corresponding measured value for every electrical measured signal from the type characteristic and from the individual values.
Description
i2~3~331 BACKGROUND OF TH~ INV~NTION
The invention is directed to a measuring system comprising a measurement transducer and a following control device wherein a mea5ured value iS allocated to a parameter ~eing measured (the "measured parametern). The measurement transducer has an individual characteristic associated with it and contains a sensor for the measured parameter. The measurement transducer supplies an electrical mezsured signal dependent on the measured parameter.
A known measuring system of this type is disclosed in EP
079 086, ~3~e~v~d horoin. The measurement transducer represents a unit formed of the sensor and of a coding memory that contains characteristic data for the sensor. These characteri~tic data are, for example, the values for the null drift, the temperature behavior, etc., of the sensor signal referred to the values Of a standard sensor signal. The control device connected to the measurement transducer interrogates the content of the coding memory and corrects the sensor signals coming from the sensor therewith. ThiS oCCurS by linear changes of this sensor signal in the control device over the entire bandwidth Of the possible sensor signal (influence on gain factors or offset of operational amplifiers and adding up signals).
Such a measuring system is well-suited for the utilization of sensors having linear characteristics. Given employment of sensors having a non-linear characteristic, however, it is no longer possible to correCt the sensor signal with identical correction values over its entire bandwidth.
lZ~ 4 ~31 The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a measuring equipment such that sensors having a non-linear characteristic can also be employed.
According to the inVention~ the control device contains a computer having a processor, analog-to-digital converter, and a memory. The memory contains a type memory in which type data are stored. With the type data~ a type characteristic of the measurement transducer is defined. The characteristic data comprises m individual values of the measurement transducer by means of which the individual characteristic of the measurement transducer is defined in combination with the type data. The memory containS a program memory having a meaSUrement program with the assistance of which the buses identify the allocated measured value Of the measured parameter for every measured signal. ~his allocated measured value is identified from the type characteristic and from the ir.dividual values of the measurement transducers.
The invention proceeds on the basis of the consideration that a type characteristi~ Can be identified for every type of measurement transducer which fundamentally identifies all measurement transducers of the same type. In accordance with the invention, this type chara~teristic iS defined by type data that are stored in a type memory of the control device. ~he deviations of the individual characteristic of a measurement transducer from the type characteristic are identified by discrete individual values and accompany the measurement transducer in a coding memory. A computer in the control device then determines a reference point on the individual characteristic from every individual value and from the type characteristic. Proceeding on the basis of these reference 3~
points, a measuring program in the program memory of the computer subsequently determines the allocated measured value for every measuring signal.
For this purpose, the measuring program can be fashioned such that an identification regarding the two reference points of the individual characteristic between which a measured value lies is first identified given an incoming measured value.
Subsequently, the measured value is identified by one of the known interpolation methods, for example by linear interpolation between the two reference points.
When the measured values must be supplied at a very short interval following one another, then the method set forth presumes a very fast Computer. Under such circumstances, it can then be more expedient to first calculate all possible point value pairs of the individual characteristic with a calibration program proceeding on the basis Of the individual values and of the type characteristic, and to deposit these in the main memory of the computer such that the corresponding measured parameter for every measured value Can be directly read out therefrom.
The invention has particular significance given meaSurement transducers having a non-linear characteristic.
However, it can also be advantageously employed in measurement transducers having a linear characteristic. In this case, for example, one manages with two individual values of Which the one indicates the axial shift of the individual characteristic compared to the type characteristic in the direction of the abscissa or ordinate, and the second individual value indicates the slope of the individual characteristic.
Any means which contains one or more individual values coded such that at least one individual value can be interrogated 129~3~3i and decoded b~ the evaluator comes into consideration as a coding memory. A simple example is a connecting terminal strip whose posts are partly insulated and partly grounded, so that the connected evaluator can identify a binary number by a resistance measurement via the individual posts. Electrical components such as, for example, capacitors, resisto~s~ etc., come into consideration as analog memories Eor the coding memory that can be electrically interrogated by the evaluator.
In one embodiment of the invention, the type lo characteristic is stored as a mathematical characteristic function in the type memory that defines the type characteristic of the measurement transducer with m parameters.
The eval~ator r~places the m parameterS of thiS characteristic function by the m individual values from the coding memory of the measurement transducer, these being selected such that the characteristic function of the individual characteristic of the measurement transducer arises therewith.
In a second embodiment of the invention, the type memory contains the type characteristic in the form of discrete point value pairs and the coding memory contains the deviations of the individual characteristic from the type characteristic in m supporting points.
According to a broad aspect of the invention there is provided a measuring system wherein a measured value x is allocated to a parameter M being measured, comprising: a measurement transducer means for supplying an electrical measured signal S dependent on said measured parameter M, said measurement transducer means having a sensor means for determining said measured parameter M, and also having a coding memory means for providing characteristlc data of an individual characteristic associated with the sensor means; control device ,.:
~j - 5 -~ lZ~433~
means connected t~ the mea~urement transducer means for interrogating the characteristic data and correcting said measured value X therewith: said control device means includes a computer having a processor, analog-to-digital converter, and memory all interconnected sald memory including a type memory :~ in which type data are stored for defining a type characteristlc of sal~ measUrement transducer means; said characteristic data comprising m individual values of said measurement transducer means for defining the individual characteristlc of the measurement transducer means in ~ombination with the type data; and said memory containing a program memory having a measurement means f or use by the processor in identifying said mea~ured value X of the measured parameter M for every measured signal s ~rom the type characteristlc and from the indlvidual values Of the measurement tran~ducer means.
According to another broad aspect Of th~ invention there is provided a measurement transducer, comprising, a sensor means having lines for connection to a control device and for supplying an electrical measured signal S that is dependent on a parameter M being measured, a magnitude of said electrical measured signal S being defined by an individual characteristlc associated with the measurement transducer; and a permanent coding memory means having interrogation output lineæ for connection to processing means, said coding memory means storing m individual values, a deviation of said individual characteristic of the measurement transducer from a type characteristic identifying all measurement transducers of a same type being defined by said m individual values.
5a lZ94331 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 illustrates a measuring equipment for a measurement of air quantity in the intake pipe of an internal combustion engine; and Figure 2 shows the curve of the corresponding type and individual characteristic.
- 5b -~2943~1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The measuring equipment shown in Figure ~ is formed of a measurement transducer 1 that is fashioned as a thermally operating air volume meter and is arranged in the hot surround field of the internal combustion engine, namely at the intake pipe 111. The measurement transducer 1 contains a sensor 11 comprising a precision resistor 112 and a heating resistor 113, an adjustment means 12 comprising variable resistors 121, 122, and a coding memory 13 comprising coding resistors 131, 132, and 133.
The precision resistor 112 and the heating resistor 113 are fashioned as platinum thin-film resistors. They are accommodated in the intake pipe 111 of the internal combustion engine.
The precision resistor 112 is connected in series with a variable resistor 121 via an internal junction and forms a first, relatively high-impedance bridge arm. Correspondingly, the heating resistor 113 and the other variable resistor 122 are connected to an internal junction and form a second bridge arm.
These bridge arms lie parallel between a connecting line 101 and a return line 102. The internal junctions of the bridge arms are connected to output lines 103, 104. These output lines form a control device connection 100 together with the connecting line 101 and the return line 102~
At one end, the three ohmic coding resistors of the coding memory 13 are connected to a reference line 130 and lead to three coding lines at the other end. The latter form a memory connection 134 together with the reference line.
The control device 2 contains a controlled-gain amplifier 20, a terminating impedance 200, and a computer.
lZg43~
The two inputs of the controlled-gain amplifier are connected to the output lines 103, 104 of the control device connection lOO. Its output is connected to the connecting line 101. The return line 102 is conducted to ground via the terminating impedance 200. A known automatic control system arises in this way which keeps the temperature difference between the temperatures of the precision resistor 112 and of the heating resistor 113 at a constant value independently of the air volume flowing through, since the controlled-gain amplifier 20 correspondingly varies its output current via the resistors 113, 122 and 200. This current generates a voltage drop at the terminating impedance 200 which represents the measured signal S
whose size is dependent on the measured parameter in accordance with the individual characteristic 114 (Figure 2).
The computer in the control device 2 contains a microprocessor 22 and a master processor 25. At its input side, the microprocessor 22 is preceded by analog-to-digital converters 21. A main memory 24 in the form of a RAM, a type memory 231, and a program memory 232 which are formed by a ROM 23 are also allocated to it. The analog-to-digital converters 21 have a resolution of 8 bits and, accordingly, can supply 256 digital values. The input side of one of these receives the measured signal S in the form of a voltage.
Figure 2 shows the individual characteristic 114 and the type characteristic 115 of the measurement transducer 1, whereby the measured signal S is entered as a voltage dependent on the measured parameter M in the form of the stream of air volume.
The type characteristic 115 is formed of 256 points of which every one is defined by a point value pair (air volume stream M and voltage S). The type characteristic is identified, ~29~3~
for example, in the following way~ The measurement of the voltage S of z different measurement transducers 1 given the same air volume stream M determined by a standard yields z voltage values. The mean value or the maximum value of the Gaussian distribution of these z voltage values and the value of the standard of the air volume stream M form a pair of supporting points of the type characteristic 115. This procedure is carried out with a total of y different standards whose sizes are selected such that -- as shown on the ordinate in Figure 2 --they mark equidistant points. Thus, z supporting point value pairs of the type characteristic 115 result. The remaining point value pairs of the 256 points of the type characteristic 115 are calculated by a process control computer by known extrapolation such that the first and second derivation of the type characteristic 115 are respectively identical in every point.
All 256 point value pairs of the type characteristic are stored in the type memory 231, i.e. in the ROM 23.
The individual characteristic 114 of the measurement transducer 1 is likewise formed of 256 point value pairs. After manufacture of the measurement transducer, however, only three of these point value pairs -- referred to below as reference value pairs -- in three reference points are identified in the same way as the supporting point value pairs of the type characteristic llS. The deviation of the voltage S of the measurement transducer 1 from the voltage S of the type characteristic 115 given the respectively same air volume stream (Ml through M3) is referenced a, b, c. The amounts are the individual values of the measurement transducer 1 and are stored by correspondingly setting the values of the coding resistors 131, 132, 133 in the coding memory 13.
12~ ~ 331 An operational sign indicates the side toward which the individual characteristic 114 deviates from the type characteristic 115. For example, a deviation toward lower voltage values (cases a, b) has a negatiVe operational sign and a deviation toward higher voltage values ~c) has a positive operational sign. The information about the operational sign is contained in the coding resiStorS 131, 132, 133, for example in an additional location that is not occupied by the occurring individual values. When the individual values run, for example, from 1 to 50, then the number 43 denotes the value +43, and the value -43 is represented by the number 143.
In order to identify the complete individual characteristic, for example given first initialization of the measuring transducer 1, the microprocessor 22 identifies the size of the coding resistors 131, 132, 133 by resistance measurement with the cali~ration program in the program memory 232 via the interrogation output 1~4. With these three values, i.e. the individual values a, ~, c, the three reference points of the individual characteristic 114 is calculated with their reference value pairs and are stored in the RAM 24. Proceeding therefrom, the microprocessor 22 calculates the remaining point value pairs of the individual characteristic 114 by linear approximation since the deviating value (d in Figure 2~ given the same air volume stream (My) is calculated for every point value pair of the type characteristic 115 according to the equation d (a + b) My - Ml .
Ml and M2 thus denote the values of the measured parameter in the two neighboring referencé points. All 256 point value pairs of lZ943~1 the individual characteristic 114 identified in this way are deposited in the ~Ar~ 24 by the microprocessor 22 such that the address of the memory cell having the respectively allocated air volume stream M is allocated to every respectively occurring voltage value of the measured signal S of the measurement transducer 1.
The calculation of the individual characteristic 114 requires a number of seconds. It is therefore carried out only as needed, i.e. upon first initialization, and later, only when the air volume meter is replaced or following outage of the operating voltage (sinCe the Content Of ~he RAM 24 is then lost).
The microprocessor 22 therefore measures the size of the coding resistors 131, 132, 133 every time the internal combustion engine is started. When their size has remained the same in comparison to the value stored at the first initialization, i.e.
when the same measurement transducer 1 is still connected, the microprocessor 22 retains the individual characteristic 114 contained in the RAM 24.
In the measuring mode, controlled by a meaSuring program stored in the ROM 23, the analog-to-digital converter 21 converts the voltage S of the measurement transducer 1 at its input into digital values. The microprocessor 22 uses these digital values to directly address the memory cells having the digital values of the air volume stream M in the RAM, and reads these latter digital values (= unknown x~ out.
What iS usually required is not the air volume stream M
but the time integral thereof over an integration interval which extends over a predetermined part or over the entire duration of an intake clock of the internal combustion engine. It is ~2~4331 therefore provided in the measuring program that the microprocessor 22 forms a sum value from the digital values of the air volume stream M incoming during the integration interval.
The calculation of the time integral of the air volume stream M over the integration interval is controlled by the master processor 25. It first forwards the start and stop instruction for the formation of the sum value to the microprocesSor 22. The sum value is set to zero at every start instruction and the summing is initiated. The stop instruction interrogates the sum value and the number of summations carried out. The master processor 25 divides this sum value by the number of completed summations and multiplies by the time that corresponds to an integration interval. The air mass per integration interval thus results.
The microprocessor 22, accordingly, is relieved of the task of controlling the integration. This work division allows the utilization of a simple standard processor that would otherwise be overworked given high rpm's of the internal combustion engine. The master processor 25 does not represent any added expense since, due to auxiliary tasks not addressed here, it is already present. A further advantage of the proposed measuring equipment is that the calculation of the time interval of the air volume stream is possible with high precision without employing linearization means that are otherwise standard. In the solution of the invention, the measured parameter M is directly integrated, not the electrical sensor signal S. The problem of the non-proportionality of the integral of the measured parameter M and of the integral of the measured signal S
therefore does not occur.
12943~1 Of the two components of the measuring equipment, the measurement transducer 1 is more greatly stressed. A replacement by a new measurement transducer of the same type that may become necessary can be undertaken at any time at an arbitrary location without requiring any adaptation to the still-functioning control device.
Although various minor changes and modifications might be proposed by those skilled in the art, it will be understood that I wish to include within the claims of the patent warranted hereon all such changes and modifications as reasonably come within my contribution to the art.
The invention is directed to a measuring system comprising a measurement transducer and a following control device wherein a mea5ured value iS allocated to a parameter ~eing measured (the "measured parametern). The measurement transducer has an individual characteristic associated with it and contains a sensor for the measured parameter. The measurement transducer supplies an electrical mezsured signal dependent on the measured parameter.
A known measuring system of this type is disclosed in EP
079 086, ~3~e~v~d horoin. The measurement transducer represents a unit formed of the sensor and of a coding memory that contains characteristic data for the sensor. These characteri~tic data are, for example, the values for the null drift, the temperature behavior, etc., of the sensor signal referred to the values Of a standard sensor signal. The control device connected to the measurement transducer interrogates the content of the coding memory and corrects the sensor signals coming from the sensor therewith. ThiS oCCurS by linear changes of this sensor signal in the control device over the entire bandwidth Of the possible sensor signal (influence on gain factors or offset of operational amplifiers and adding up signals).
Such a measuring system is well-suited for the utilization of sensors having linear characteristics. Given employment of sensors having a non-linear characteristic, however, it is no longer possible to correCt the sensor signal with identical correction values over its entire bandwidth.
lZ~ 4 ~31 The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a measuring equipment such that sensors having a non-linear characteristic can also be employed.
According to the inVention~ the control device contains a computer having a processor, analog-to-digital converter, and a memory. The memory contains a type memory in which type data are stored. With the type data~ a type characteristic of the measurement transducer is defined. The characteristic data comprises m individual values of the measurement transducer by means of which the individual characteristic of the measurement transducer is defined in combination with the type data. The memory containS a program memory having a meaSUrement program with the assistance of which the buses identify the allocated measured value Of the measured parameter for every measured signal. ~his allocated measured value is identified from the type characteristic and from the ir.dividual values of the measurement transducers.
The invention proceeds on the basis of the consideration that a type characteristi~ Can be identified for every type of measurement transducer which fundamentally identifies all measurement transducers of the same type. In accordance with the invention, this type chara~teristic iS defined by type data that are stored in a type memory of the control device. ~he deviations of the individual characteristic of a measurement transducer from the type characteristic are identified by discrete individual values and accompany the measurement transducer in a coding memory. A computer in the control device then determines a reference point on the individual characteristic from every individual value and from the type characteristic. Proceeding on the basis of these reference 3~
points, a measuring program in the program memory of the computer subsequently determines the allocated measured value for every measuring signal.
For this purpose, the measuring program can be fashioned such that an identification regarding the two reference points of the individual characteristic between which a measured value lies is first identified given an incoming measured value.
Subsequently, the measured value is identified by one of the known interpolation methods, for example by linear interpolation between the two reference points.
When the measured values must be supplied at a very short interval following one another, then the method set forth presumes a very fast Computer. Under such circumstances, it can then be more expedient to first calculate all possible point value pairs of the individual characteristic with a calibration program proceeding on the basis Of the individual values and of the type characteristic, and to deposit these in the main memory of the computer such that the corresponding measured parameter for every measured value Can be directly read out therefrom.
The invention has particular significance given meaSurement transducers having a non-linear characteristic.
However, it can also be advantageously employed in measurement transducers having a linear characteristic. In this case, for example, one manages with two individual values of Which the one indicates the axial shift of the individual characteristic compared to the type characteristic in the direction of the abscissa or ordinate, and the second individual value indicates the slope of the individual characteristic.
Any means which contains one or more individual values coded such that at least one individual value can be interrogated 129~3~3i and decoded b~ the evaluator comes into consideration as a coding memory. A simple example is a connecting terminal strip whose posts are partly insulated and partly grounded, so that the connected evaluator can identify a binary number by a resistance measurement via the individual posts. Electrical components such as, for example, capacitors, resisto~s~ etc., come into consideration as analog memories Eor the coding memory that can be electrically interrogated by the evaluator.
In one embodiment of the invention, the type lo characteristic is stored as a mathematical characteristic function in the type memory that defines the type characteristic of the measurement transducer with m parameters.
The eval~ator r~places the m parameterS of thiS characteristic function by the m individual values from the coding memory of the measurement transducer, these being selected such that the characteristic function of the individual characteristic of the measurement transducer arises therewith.
In a second embodiment of the invention, the type memory contains the type characteristic in the form of discrete point value pairs and the coding memory contains the deviations of the individual characteristic from the type characteristic in m supporting points.
According to a broad aspect of the invention there is provided a measuring system wherein a measured value x is allocated to a parameter M being measured, comprising: a measurement transducer means for supplying an electrical measured signal S dependent on said measured parameter M, said measurement transducer means having a sensor means for determining said measured parameter M, and also having a coding memory means for providing characteristlc data of an individual characteristic associated with the sensor means; control device ,.:
~j - 5 -~ lZ~433~
means connected t~ the mea~urement transducer means for interrogating the characteristic data and correcting said measured value X therewith: said control device means includes a computer having a processor, analog-to-digital converter, and memory all interconnected sald memory including a type memory :~ in which type data are stored for defining a type characteristlc of sal~ measUrement transducer means; said characteristic data comprising m individual values of said measurement transducer means for defining the individual characteristlc of the measurement transducer means in ~ombination with the type data; and said memory containing a program memory having a measurement means f or use by the processor in identifying said mea~ured value X of the measured parameter M for every measured signal s ~rom the type characteristlc and from the indlvidual values Of the measurement tran~ducer means.
According to another broad aspect Of th~ invention there is provided a measurement transducer, comprising, a sensor means having lines for connection to a control device and for supplying an electrical measured signal S that is dependent on a parameter M being measured, a magnitude of said electrical measured signal S being defined by an individual characteristlc associated with the measurement transducer; and a permanent coding memory means having interrogation output lineæ for connection to processing means, said coding memory means storing m individual values, a deviation of said individual characteristic of the measurement transducer from a type characteristic identifying all measurement transducers of a same type being defined by said m individual values.
5a lZ94331 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 illustrates a measuring equipment for a measurement of air quantity in the intake pipe of an internal combustion engine; and Figure 2 shows the curve of the corresponding type and individual characteristic.
- 5b -~2943~1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The measuring equipment shown in Figure ~ is formed of a measurement transducer 1 that is fashioned as a thermally operating air volume meter and is arranged in the hot surround field of the internal combustion engine, namely at the intake pipe 111. The measurement transducer 1 contains a sensor 11 comprising a precision resistor 112 and a heating resistor 113, an adjustment means 12 comprising variable resistors 121, 122, and a coding memory 13 comprising coding resistors 131, 132, and 133.
The precision resistor 112 and the heating resistor 113 are fashioned as platinum thin-film resistors. They are accommodated in the intake pipe 111 of the internal combustion engine.
The precision resistor 112 is connected in series with a variable resistor 121 via an internal junction and forms a first, relatively high-impedance bridge arm. Correspondingly, the heating resistor 113 and the other variable resistor 122 are connected to an internal junction and form a second bridge arm.
These bridge arms lie parallel between a connecting line 101 and a return line 102. The internal junctions of the bridge arms are connected to output lines 103, 104. These output lines form a control device connection 100 together with the connecting line 101 and the return line 102~
At one end, the three ohmic coding resistors of the coding memory 13 are connected to a reference line 130 and lead to three coding lines at the other end. The latter form a memory connection 134 together with the reference line.
The control device 2 contains a controlled-gain amplifier 20, a terminating impedance 200, and a computer.
lZg43~
The two inputs of the controlled-gain amplifier are connected to the output lines 103, 104 of the control device connection lOO. Its output is connected to the connecting line 101. The return line 102 is conducted to ground via the terminating impedance 200. A known automatic control system arises in this way which keeps the temperature difference between the temperatures of the precision resistor 112 and of the heating resistor 113 at a constant value independently of the air volume flowing through, since the controlled-gain amplifier 20 correspondingly varies its output current via the resistors 113, 122 and 200. This current generates a voltage drop at the terminating impedance 200 which represents the measured signal S
whose size is dependent on the measured parameter in accordance with the individual characteristic 114 (Figure 2).
The computer in the control device 2 contains a microprocessor 22 and a master processor 25. At its input side, the microprocessor 22 is preceded by analog-to-digital converters 21. A main memory 24 in the form of a RAM, a type memory 231, and a program memory 232 which are formed by a ROM 23 are also allocated to it. The analog-to-digital converters 21 have a resolution of 8 bits and, accordingly, can supply 256 digital values. The input side of one of these receives the measured signal S in the form of a voltage.
Figure 2 shows the individual characteristic 114 and the type characteristic 115 of the measurement transducer 1, whereby the measured signal S is entered as a voltage dependent on the measured parameter M in the form of the stream of air volume.
The type characteristic 115 is formed of 256 points of which every one is defined by a point value pair (air volume stream M and voltage S). The type characteristic is identified, ~29~3~
for example, in the following way~ The measurement of the voltage S of z different measurement transducers 1 given the same air volume stream M determined by a standard yields z voltage values. The mean value or the maximum value of the Gaussian distribution of these z voltage values and the value of the standard of the air volume stream M form a pair of supporting points of the type characteristic 115. This procedure is carried out with a total of y different standards whose sizes are selected such that -- as shown on the ordinate in Figure 2 --they mark equidistant points. Thus, z supporting point value pairs of the type characteristic 115 result. The remaining point value pairs of the 256 points of the type characteristic 115 are calculated by a process control computer by known extrapolation such that the first and second derivation of the type characteristic 115 are respectively identical in every point.
All 256 point value pairs of the type characteristic are stored in the type memory 231, i.e. in the ROM 23.
The individual characteristic 114 of the measurement transducer 1 is likewise formed of 256 point value pairs. After manufacture of the measurement transducer, however, only three of these point value pairs -- referred to below as reference value pairs -- in three reference points are identified in the same way as the supporting point value pairs of the type characteristic llS. The deviation of the voltage S of the measurement transducer 1 from the voltage S of the type characteristic 115 given the respectively same air volume stream (Ml through M3) is referenced a, b, c. The amounts are the individual values of the measurement transducer 1 and are stored by correspondingly setting the values of the coding resistors 131, 132, 133 in the coding memory 13.
12~ ~ 331 An operational sign indicates the side toward which the individual characteristic 114 deviates from the type characteristic 115. For example, a deviation toward lower voltage values (cases a, b) has a negatiVe operational sign and a deviation toward higher voltage values ~c) has a positive operational sign. The information about the operational sign is contained in the coding resiStorS 131, 132, 133, for example in an additional location that is not occupied by the occurring individual values. When the individual values run, for example, from 1 to 50, then the number 43 denotes the value +43, and the value -43 is represented by the number 143.
In order to identify the complete individual characteristic, for example given first initialization of the measuring transducer 1, the microprocessor 22 identifies the size of the coding resistors 131, 132, 133 by resistance measurement with the cali~ration program in the program memory 232 via the interrogation output 1~4. With these three values, i.e. the individual values a, ~, c, the three reference points of the individual characteristic 114 is calculated with their reference value pairs and are stored in the RAM 24. Proceeding therefrom, the microprocessor 22 calculates the remaining point value pairs of the individual characteristic 114 by linear approximation since the deviating value (d in Figure 2~ given the same air volume stream (My) is calculated for every point value pair of the type characteristic 115 according to the equation d (a + b) My - Ml .
Ml and M2 thus denote the values of the measured parameter in the two neighboring referencé points. All 256 point value pairs of lZ943~1 the individual characteristic 114 identified in this way are deposited in the ~Ar~ 24 by the microprocessor 22 such that the address of the memory cell having the respectively allocated air volume stream M is allocated to every respectively occurring voltage value of the measured signal S of the measurement transducer 1.
The calculation of the individual characteristic 114 requires a number of seconds. It is therefore carried out only as needed, i.e. upon first initialization, and later, only when the air volume meter is replaced or following outage of the operating voltage (sinCe the Content Of ~he RAM 24 is then lost).
The microprocessor 22 therefore measures the size of the coding resistors 131, 132, 133 every time the internal combustion engine is started. When their size has remained the same in comparison to the value stored at the first initialization, i.e.
when the same measurement transducer 1 is still connected, the microprocessor 22 retains the individual characteristic 114 contained in the RAM 24.
In the measuring mode, controlled by a meaSuring program stored in the ROM 23, the analog-to-digital converter 21 converts the voltage S of the measurement transducer 1 at its input into digital values. The microprocessor 22 uses these digital values to directly address the memory cells having the digital values of the air volume stream M in the RAM, and reads these latter digital values (= unknown x~ out.
What iS usually required is not the air volume stream M
but the time integral thereof over an integration interval which extends over a predetermined part or over the entire duration of an intake clock of the internal combustion engine. It is ~2~4331 therefore provided in the measuring program that the microprocessor 22 forms a sum value from the digital values of the air volume stream M incoming during the integration interval.
The calculation of the time integral of the air volume stream M over the integration interval is controlled by the master processor 25. It first forwards the start and stop instruction for the formation of the sum value to the microprocesSor 22. The sum value is set to zero at every start instruction and the summing is initiated. The stop instruction interrogates the sum value and the number of summations carried out. The master processor 25 divides this sum value by the number of completed summations and multiplies by the time that corresponds to an integration interval. The air mass per integration interval thus results.
The microprocessor 22, accordingly, is relieved of the task of controlling the integration. This work division allows the utilization of a simple standard processor that would otherwise be overworked given high rpm's of the internal combustion engine. The master processor 25 does not represent any added expense since, due to auxiliary tasks not addressed here, it is already present. A further advantage of the proposed measuring equipment is that the calculation of the time interval of the air volume stream is possible with high precision without employing linearization means that are otherwise standard. In the solution of the invention, the measured parameter M is directly integrated, not the electrical sensor signal S. The problem of the non-proportionality of the integral of the measured parameter M and of the integral of the measured signal S
therefore does not occur.
12943~1 Of the two components of the measuring equipment, the measurement transducer 1 is more greatly stressed. A replacement by a new measurement transducer of the same type that may become necessary can be undertaken at any time at an arbitrary location without requiring any adaptation to the still-functioning control device.
Although various minor changes and modifications might be proposed by those skilled in the art, it will be understood that I wish to include within the claims of the patent warranted hereon all such changes and modifications as reasonably come within my contribution to the art.
Claims (8)
1. A measuring system wherein a measured value x is allocated to a parameter M being measured, comprising:
a measurement transducer means for supplying an electrical measured signal S dependent on said measured parameter M, said measurement transducer means having a sensor means for determining said measured parameter M, and also having a coding memory means for providing characteristic data of an individual characteristic associated with the sensor means;
control device means connected to the measurement transducer means for interrogating the characteristic data and correcting said measured value X therewith;
said control device means includes a computer having a processor, analog-to-digital converter, and memory all interconnected;
said memory including a type memory in which type data are stored for defining a type characteristic of said measurement transducer means;
said characteristic data comprising m individual values of said measurement transducer means for defining the individual characteristic of the measurement transducer means in combination with the type data; and said memory containing a program memory having a measurement means for use by the processor in identifying said measured value X of the measured parameter M for every measured signal S from the type characteristic and from the individual values of the measurement transducer means.
a measurement transducer means for supplying an electrical measured signal S dependent on said measured parameter M, said measurement transducer means having a sensor means for determining said measured parameter M, and also having a coding memory means for providing characteristic data of an individual characteristic associated with the sensor means;
control device means connected to the measurement transducer means for interrogating the characteristic data and correcting said measured value X therewith;
said control device means includes a computer having a processor, analog-to-digital converter, and memory all interconnected;
said memory including a type memory in which type data are stored for defining a type characteristic of said measurement transducer means;
said characteristic data comprising m individual values of said measurement transducer means for defining the individual characteristic of the measurement transducer means in combination with the type data; and said memory containing a program memory having a measurement means for use by the processor in identifying said measured value X of the measured parameter M for every measured signal S from the type characteristic and from the individual values of the measurement transducer means.
2. A measuring system according to claim 1 wherein the type memory contains the type characteristic as discrete point value pairs; and each of the m individual values in the coding memory means indicates a deviation of a reference point of the individual characteristic from an allocated point value pair of the type characteristic.
3. A measuring system according to claim 1 wherein the type memory contains the type characteristic as a characteristic function having m parameters; and parameters determining the individual characteristic of the measurement transducer means are the m individual values in the coding memory means.
4. A measuring system according to claim 2 wherein the program memory in the control device means contains a calibration program means for use by the processor for interrogating the contents or the type memory and of the coding memory means, for calculating the individual characteristic of the measurement transducer means therefrom and for storing the individual characteristics in a main memory of said memory such that the measured value X belonging to the measured signal S is stored under an address allocated to the measured signal S; and said measuring program means through use of the processor reads out the allocated measured value X of the measured parameter H
from the main memory for every measured signal S.
from the main memory for every measured signal S.
5. A measurement transducer, comprising:
a sensor means having lines for connection to a control device and for supplying an electrical measured signal S that is dependent on a parameter M being measured, a magnitude of said electrical measured signal S being defined by an individual characteristic associated with the measurement transducer, and a permanent coding memory means having interrogation output lines for connection to processing means, said coding memory means storing m individual values, a deviation of said individual characteristic of the measurement transducer from a type characteristic identifying all measurement transducers of a same type being defined by said m individual values.
a sensor means having lines for connection to a control device and for supplying an electrical measured signal S that is dependent on a parameter M being measured, a magnitude of said electrical measured signal S being defined by an individual characteristic associated with the measurement transducer, and a permanent coding memory means having interrogation output lines for connection to processing means, said coding memory means storing m individual values, a deviation of said individual characteristic of the measurement transducer from a type characteristic identifying all measurement transducers of a same type being defined by said m individual values.
6. A measurement transducer according to claim 5 wherein said coding memory means is formed of individual coding components.
7. A measurement transducer according to claim 6 wherein said coding components comprise ohmic resistors.
8. A measurement transducer according to claim 5 wherein said coding memory contains only passive coding components.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3614118 | 1986-04-25 | ||
| DEP3614118.6 | 1986-04-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1294331C true CA1294331C (en) | 1992-01-14 |
Family
ID=6299572
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000535316A Expired - Fee Related CA1294331C (en) | 1986-04-25 | 1987-04-23 | Measuring system that allocates a measured value to a measurable variable and measurement transducer therefor |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5016198A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0242625B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS62261070A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE59469T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1294331C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3767008D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2018794B3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5490093A (en) * | 1991-04-22 | 1996-02-06 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Method for enhancing computer controlled missile performance |
| DE4137559A1 (en) * | 1991-11-15 | 1993-05-19 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | DEVICE FOR DETECTING AT LEAST ONE STATE SIZE OF A BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR |
| FR2683900A1 (en) * | 1991-11-15 | 1993-05-21 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | DEVICE FOR DETECTING AT LEAST ONE STATE VARIABLE OF A ROTARY BODY. |
| JPH0545520U (en) * | 1991-11-22 | 1993-06-18 | 理化工業株式会社 | Sensor correction device |
| US5896166A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1999-04-20 | Envision Medical Corporation | Remote CCD video camera with non-volatile digital memory |
| US5636548A (en) * | 1994-05-16 | 1997-06-10 | Tesoro Alaska Petroleum Company | Analog hall-effect liquid level detector and method |
| DE19603346A1 (en) * | 1996-01-31 | 1997-08-07 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Device for determining the throughput of a flowing medium |
| DE19647897C2 (en) * | 1996-11-20 | 1998-10-01 | A B Elektronik Gmbh | Device for adjusting output values or curves of angle of rotation and speed sensors |
| US8103325B2 (en) * | 1999-03-08 | 2012-01-24 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Method and circuit for storing and providing historical physiological data |
| US6591123B2 (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2003-07-08 | Mallinckrodt Inc. | Oximeter sensor with digital memory recording sensor data |
| US6628975B1 (en) | 2000-08-31 | 2003-09-30 | Mallinckrodt Inc. | Oximeter sensor with digital memory storing data |
| US6553241B2 (en) | 2000-08-31 | 2003-04-22 | Mallinckrodt Inc. | Oximeter sensor with digital memory encoding sensor expiration data |
| US6606510B2 (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2003-08-12 | Mallinckrodt Inc. | Oximeter sensor with digital memory encoding patient data |
| US6588458B2 (en) | 2001-07-06 | 2003-07-08 | Icon Dynamics, Llc | System, apparatus and method for measuring and transferring the contents of a vessel |
| PL3045816T3 (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2019-07-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device for the control of a burner assembly |
| US20210071894A1 (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2021-03-11 | Integrated Energy Services Corporation | System and method for assuring building air quality |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4303984A (en) * | 1979-12-14 | 1981-12-01 | Honeywell Inc. | Sensor output correction circuit |
| US4481596A (en) * | 1981-11-02 | 1984-11-06 | Kaye Instruments Inc. | Method of and apparatus for automatically compensating for variations in output response characteristics of sensors and the like |
| DE3276673D1 (en) * | 1981-11-10 | 1987-08-06 | Sentron V O F | Catheter sensor and memory unit |
| US4672566A (en) * | 1981-12-01 | 1987-06-09 | Nissan Motor Company, Limited | Device for measuring variable with automatic compensation for offset |
| US4446715A (en) * | 1982-06-07 | 1984-05-08 | Camino Laboratories, Inc. | Transducer calibration system |
| US4468968A (en) * | 1983-04-21 | 1984-09-04 | The Singer Company | Method and arrangement for providing information to define the values of a set of parameters which characterize an element |
| DE3332386A1 (en) * | 1983-09-08 | 1985-03-21 | Vdo Adolf Schindling Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | ELECTRICAL TESTING DEVICE OF A VEHICLE COMBINATION INSTRUMENT |
| US4707796A (en) * | 1983-10-19 | 1987-11-17 | Calabro Salvatore R | Reliability and maintainability indicator |
-
1987
- 1987-03-25 DE DE8787104439T patent/DE3767008D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-03-25 AT AT87104439T patent/ATE59469T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-03-25 ES ES87104439T patent/ES2018794B3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-03-25 EP EP87104439A patent/EP0242625B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-04-20 JP JP62097255A patent/JPS62261070A/en active Pending
- 1987-04-23 CA CA000535316A patent/CA1294331C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-03-19 US US07/496,123 patent/US5016198A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3767008D1 (en) | 1991-02-07 |
| US5016198A (en) | 1991-05-14 |
| ATE59469T1 (en) | 1991-01-15 |
| EP0242625B1 (en) | 1990-12-27 |
| ES2018794B3 (en) | 1991-05-16 |
| EP0242625A1 (en) | 1987-10-28 |
| JPS62261070A (en) | 1987-11-13 |
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