CA1307661C - Sequentially molded razor cap - Google Patents
Sequentially molded razor capInfo
- Publication number
- CA1307661C CA1307661C CA000555088A CA555088A CA1307661C CA 1307661 C CA1307661 C CA 1307661C CA 000555088 A CA000555088 A CA 000555088A CA 555088 A CA555088 A CA 555088A CA 1307661 C CA1307661 C CA 1307661C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cap
- polystyrene
- strip
- polyethylene oxide
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
- B26B21/40—Details or accessories
- B26B21/44—Means integral with, or attached to, the razor for storing shaving-cream, styptic, or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
- B26B21/40—Details or accessories
- B26B21/44—Means integral with, or attached to, the razor for storing shaving-cream, styptic, or the like
- B26B21/443—Lubricating strips attached to the razor head
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure According to this invention a lubricating strip comprising a honeycomb structure of polystyrene and a water soluble leachable shaving aid of high molecular weight polyethylene oxide is molded in situ on a razor cap made of thermoplastic material which has been previously injection molded.
Description
Eleld of the I~vention This invention relates to a razor cap which includes a lubricating element with the lubricating elemen-t being molded into a suitable cap xeceptacle.
Background of the Invention U.S. Patent 4,170,821 issued October 16, 1979 describes a razor cartridge having a cap with a lubricating composition. It also describes the incorporation of this agent in a water insoluble microporous substrate.
Commercially available razors of this type namely Gillette ATRA PLUS~M and Schick ULTREX PLUS~ provide the combination of a lubricating strip which is subsequently affixed to the razor cap. This strip containing the shaving aid, which is polyethylene oxide having a molecular weight between 100,000 and 6,000,000, is released from a microporous substrate, i.e., typically polystyrene by leaching.
The process for manufacturing a razor having such a lubricating strip employs first, injection molding of the cap and then the separate attachment of the strip. The strip is attached either by the use of acrylate adhesives or by mechanical means. When an adhesive is utlized, the combination of the strip and cap must be properly positioned after the adhesive is applied and then clamped for a period of time to allow the initial adhesive bonding to occur. This process has the disadvantage of the extra cost associated with the use of the adhesive as well as the separate steps utilized to mate and cure the adhesive.
mechanical attachment means usually involves a slot defining a recess in the top surface of the cap generally extending longitudinally along the cap length and a positioning means either at the end of the recess ' ~L -.. ~ ~. .
or at the bottom of the recess or in both place3. The ~trip w~ich i~ ~eparately manufactured and which i3 either extruded or injection molded i~ cut, positioned and retained u3ually by mean of tab~ or the like which can be bent over a portion of the strip to r~tain it.
S Ideally, the ~teps r~lating to th~ marriago of the ~eparately formed strip and cap would b~ avoided if the ~trip could be molded in th~ ame machin~ aft~r molding of th~ cap had b~en complQted. While th~ mixturo of poly~thyl~n~ oxide and poly~tyr~n~ can bo r~nd~r~d pla~tic and deformabl~, attempt~ to s~qu~ntlally mold the poly~tyren* poly~thyl~n~ combination hav~ run into ~oma sub~tantial difficulti~.
On~ of th~ problema inhQrent 1n a~tempting to injoction mold a polyothylo~o ox~d~ compound i~ that high molecular weight poly3thylene oxid~s ar~ pr~f~rr~d for thi~ particular application b~cau~ thoy hav~ the de~ir~d rate of water solubllity. Low~r molacular weight polyethylon~ oxide compounds, i.o., thos~ near th~ bottom of tha range di~slosed in th~ above mentioned Booth patant, tond to rapidly l~ach out of tho poly-~tyren2 op~n-coll~d matrix or hon~ycomb structur~ and may b~ es~entially "u~od up" b~for~ ths number o shavos contemplatod by the perticular blad~ a~ombly i~
compl~t~d.
Th~ d~oelrod, high molocular wslght polyothylen~
oxld~ i~, un ortunatoly, highly ~u~csptibl~ to chain sci~sion which r~duc~3 it~ mol~cular waight and con~2gu~ntly lt8 o~ficacy a~ a ~haviny aid. In th~
th~rmopla~tic 3t~t~, high mol~cul~r w~ight poly~thylen~
oxid~ ha~ an oxtr~m~ly high m~lt visco~ity. Ther~fore, i~ ord~r to s~qu~ntially mold ~h~ lubrlcating ~trip onto tho razor c~p, it i9 noc~s~ry to u~ ev~ry high in~ction molding temp~ratur~ to achiev~ th~ n~ce~ ary m~lt flow to succ~3sfully compl~te th~ injection molding of the strip. This combinatlon of high temperature and shear expo~ure accelerates the degradation o the polyethylene oxide via chain sciscon. ThiQ problem could be substantially reduced i the temparatures used for injection molding wer~ sub~tantially reduced.
Anothsr problem as~ociated with th~ use o~ very high injectisn molding t~mperature~ in th~ ~e~uential molding proce3~ is the potential thermal di~tortion of the previously molded cap during the se~uential molding of the lubricating ~trip.
Eor theY~ r8a80n8, and th~ obviou~ ~n~rgy ~vings, it is highly dosir~bl~ to bo abl~ to sub~tantiaLly reduco th~ inj~ction molding t~mp~raturo~ u3~d to form tho lubrlcating ~trip.
Su~mary of ~he Inv~ntion According to t~l~ invontton a lubricating ~trip comprisin~ a honaycomb structurQ of poly~tyr~ne and a wat~r ~olublo l~achabla shaving aid of high mol~cular weight poly~thyl~n~ oxid~ i3 moldod in ~itu on a razor cap made of thermopla~tic mat~rial which ha~ been pr~viously in~oction moldod.
In~e~tion molding i8 perform~d in ~uch a mannor that a suitabl~ rocopt~cle for th~ lubricating strip i~
provided on th~ ¢ap and tho ~trip i ~ maintained in 25 place~ aft~r formins~ trip with pro~actions dependirlg downw~rd through auitabl~ oriflco~ positioned within the rec~ptacle p~rtion of th~ C2p can provid~ the nece~sary anchoring o~ ~trip to cap.
Th~ ability to pr~rv* ~ho hi~ molecular weight 30 poly~thyl~n~ oxid~ r~bults, accordin~ to thi~
inventiorl, from th~ inclu3ion of up to 10% of 3uitable pl~stici~r~ ~ will b~ d~ ~cus~d in mor~ d~tail b~low.
4a Other aspects of this invention are as follows:
A razor cap having a lubricating strip comprising a mixture of polystyrene, polyethylene oxide and from 0.1 to 10% a water solublP, cosmetically acceptable plasticizer for polyethylene oxide said plasticizer being incompatible with polystyrene.
A razor cap with a lubricating strip comprising a mixture of polyethylene oxide, polystyrene and between 0.1 to 10~ by weight of octyl phenol ethoxylate containing nine moles of ethylene oxide.
A razor cap with a lubricating strip comprising polystyrene, polyethylene oxide and between 0.1 to 10%
by weight of propylene glycol.
A method for sequentially injection molding a lubricating strip and at least a plastic razor cap with orifices for anchoring said strip positioned longitudinally across the cap comprising:
(a) molding at least said cap with orifices spaced along a recessed area longitudinally along the cap; and (b) injecting a mixture of polystyrene, high molecular weight polyethylene oxide and from 0.1 to 10%
by weight of the mixture of a water soluble cosmetically acceptable polystyrene incompatible plasticizer at temperatures sufficient to produce flowability of the polyethylene oxide without substantially reducing its molecular weight during said injecting, said mixture forming and flowing into said orifices to anchor said strip to said cap.
Brief Description_of the Drawin~3 Th~ inve~tion can be more readily under~tood by refer~nce to tho drawing~ in which:
Fiq. 1 is a plan ViQW of a razor cap with lubricatinq in~ert;
Fig. 2 i~ a cro~ ~octional view taXen along lines 2-~ of Fiq. l; and Fig. 3 i~ a view o a mold~d poly~thylen~ oxide ins~rt made according to thi~ inv~ntion.
1~ Datailod De~cription o~ th~ Inv~ntion and Drawinas A~ can bQ 8~n from Fig. l, a razor structur~ R i9 provided with handl~ 17 conn~cted to razor cap 20 by n~ck 16 (conn~cting m~an~ not ~hown). Th~ lubricating ~rip 20 i~ d~poslted along a lon~itudin~l lin~ in r~c4sJ ar~a 18 and i~ rotain~d in plac~ and anchored throu~h T-~hap~d anchor m~ans 12, 13, 14 and 15 respec-tlv~ly. A~ can bo se~n by r~for~nco to Fig. 2, a typical anchoring mean~ 12 may b~ gonerally T-shapod and contain~ a n~ck portion 22" and a widor portion 22'.
Theso anchor~ which may ~xtend undor tho bottom ~urfaco o tho cap and ~low alonq to dafine a mold area within the cap o~ may b~ po~ition0d within a hollow recoiving por~ion within th~ thiclun~ of th~ cap lt~lE a~ shown in Fig. 2 s~rv- to maintain the in~ection mold~d poly-~ ~tyr~no-poly~thyl~n~ oxi~o ~trip in it~ po~ition on tho cap within roe~ . Fig. 3 ~how~ an illustration of th~ mold~d ~trip as it would appaar if ~oparat~ rom the~ cap portion. As can be~ ~o~n t~or~in a ~ri~3 of T 3hap~d anchor~ 22, 23, 24, and 25 dQ~içln~d to m~ts with cap ~lots 12, 13, 14, and 15 r~poctively ar~
d~ign~d Yo that th~ n@ck portion of th~ T r~pr~nted by 22", 23", 24n, 25" ar~ po~ition~d within th~ ~lot~
and th~ strip i 9 re~ain~d by ~h~ spr~ad out anchor ' ' ' ' , .
' ' , :
1 3n766l portion~ 22 ', 23 ', 24', 25 ' ~haped as the cro3s bar portion of the T.
Th~ particular configuration of the molded anchors are illustrative only and are apparent to thoY~ skilled in the art that any anchor can be u ed in which the bottom portion repre~ented h~reby 22 ', 23 ', 24' and 25 ' i~ wider than the re~pected mating orifice~ 12, 13, l~, and lS through which th~ injection mold~d ~trip is anchored. Tho number of orifices i9 not critlcal except, with r~gard to their location, it i~ preferred that ~hey be position~d e~e~ntially ~ymm~trically about th~ trarl~v~r~e c~nt~r of the razor cap to maintain r~sistanc~ to torqu~ orc~ which may b0 applied to the strip durin~ ~h~ving.
~h~ method accordlng to thl3 invention ro~ide~ in the ~qu~ntial molding of a ra~or cap and, ~ubsoguently, a lubricating ~trip po~itioned in appropriatoly pre-d~signed ar~as on the top of th~ cap. As can bo sean by reference to th~ drawing particularly Fig~. 1 and Z, a cap is ormed with a r~co~vlng aroa by inj~ction molding and, ~ub~u~ntly a mixtur~ of poly~tyrene and poly-ethyl~no oxid~ along with ouit~ble amounts of acceptable plasticizer~ pr~-nt form 0.1 to about 10% by weigh~ of the polystyron~-poly~thyl~no o~id* pla~ticizer mixture 25 i~ proparad als a fluid for i socond ~tag~ injection moldlng operation. Th~ r~c~iving cavity or ~his ~cond ~tago i~ ormod in part ~y th~ inj~ction moldsd cap.
( For purpo~a o~ thi~ inv~ntion, wh~rl a cap i~ r~f~rred to :Lt ~ ~ dosis~ d to ~ncompa~3 any oth2r part o~ the 30 iniection mold~d raæor ~ n~ly which provide~ part of a molding op~ration pr~coding tho molding of th~ lubri-cating ~trip to tho cap.
Th~ u~ of a pla~ticiz~r in th~ poly~tyrene-poly~thylene oxid~ mi~tur~ i~ absolut~ly critical to bring about the de~ired reduction in injection molding temperature~ and the previously d~scribed performance and proce~ing benefits d~riv~d therefrom must b~ water ~oluble and compatibls with polyethylen~ oxid~ and al~o co3metically accoptable. By "co~metically acceptable"
it i8 meant that th~ u~e of the pla~tic~zer in the indicat0d amounts of O.l to 10% by w~ight of th~ poly-ethyl~na oxld~-polystyren~ mixtur~ will not gonerally produce irritation to th~ skin of th~ majority of the l~ us~rs of the ~having impl~m~nt. Tho pla~ticizer mu~t also h~va ons additional charact~ri~tlc and that is it mu~t b~ s~b~tantially incompatibl~ with poly~tyr~ne. If ths plasticizer i~ impri~on~d in ths poly~tyr~n~ matrix it ha~ no ~ff~ct on tho poly0th~10n~ oxid~. Of courso, 5 pla~ticiz8r3 which ar~ compatibl~ with both polyethyl~no oxide ~nd poly~tyr~na whlch ar~ al~o co~metically acceptablo could b~ us~d i~ pr~nt in r21atiY~ly high ~ 18 but obviously thi~ is und~irable bocaua~ high lev21s o~ p}asticizers coul~ advor~oly aff~ct both the pvlyethylen3 oxido ~raction and th~ polystyrene portion.
Th~ us~ of th~ pla~ticiz~r~ allow~ the utilization of sub~tantially lowor t~mp~ratur~ during tho timo of proce~aing to produce a flowability of tha polyethylene oxld~ without ~ub~tantially r~ducing lts molocular woight and p~rformanc~ ln ths lubricatlng strip.
Pr-f~rro~ pl~3ticiz~rs ar~ poly~thyl~n~ glycol particularly with molecular w~ight b~twe~n 400 and 20,000, wat~r solubl~ polypropyl~ne glycol particularly with molecular w~ight b~tw~Qn 400 and 4, ooa, wat~r-~olubl~ copolymor~ of ~hyl~n~ and propylen~
oxid~, water-~olubl@ aklyl ph~nol ~thoxylates, ~lycerin~, sorbitol and wator.
Particularly pr~rr~d pla~iciz~r3 ar~ propylen~
glycol and octyl phenol athoxylate wlth 9 moles of - ~ .
, 1 3~7661 ethylene oxide. Thi~ latter placticizer i~ commarcially available under th~ trade name Triton X-100 from Rohm and Haa~ Company, Philadelphia, Pa. It i~ al-Qo po3sible to u9e water a~ a plas~icizer although tha U3~ of water raquir~s a change in c~rtain of the process parameters.
Particularly preferred plasticizer~ ar~ propylene glycol and Trit~n X 100. With regard to each specific plasticizsr flowability at a given temperature increase3 with the amount of plasticiz~r addsd as will ba ~hown in the ~xample et forth below.
- Exam~le 1 A serie~ of runs wer~ made in which th~ level o~
high molocular wQight polye~hylo~ oxid~, polystyrene and propylene glycol was varied within ~h~ ranges in the table 8~t forth below.
A ~mall amount of 3,5,-di tertbutyl-p-cre~ol, commonly known as butylatod hydroxy toluene or B~T, wa3 added to th~ compo~ition as an oxidation inhibitor for the composition.
In order to determine th~ eff~ct of pla~ticizers on tho in; oction molding tompsrature~ roquir~d to successfully sequentially mold tho lubricating ~trip onto at lea~t the cap, th~ run~ w~r~ con~uct~d on a commercial i~oction moldlng machine. Temporatures o~
2S ths difforl~nt ~3ction~ of tha m~chine w~re varied t:o dctormin~ ths mlnimum tQmp~r~turos for soquentlally molding lubricating strip~.
Th~ tabl~ b~low pr~nts th~ compositions t~ted in th~ manner d~scrib~d abov~, showlng th~ minimum acceptabl~ ~omp~rature~ n~c~sary for ~cc~s~ful ~aquential molding of th~ lubrie~ting ~trip:
,, ~
O ~, ¦ L9 L'l L'l L') LO L--I L'l 11') ~ o t~
U~ ~ I
t:l 4 t~ O O O O O L'l O L
m ~ a~
N O O O O O O O O
X~ ~ I
O ~ O O O O O O O O
Z :E
Z: ~` I O O O O O O O O
a a~ ~ ~ ~o ~o ~ ~ N
p~ O O 0, 0 0 0 o o Ql~
m ~ o ~: ~ U o o E~ O ~ o o o ~ u~
C~ C~
S~-Z /~ o In O U~ O U C~ U-o co ~ 1~ r r ~o r ~o O a~
C _ : ~ : :~. ~
_ ~ ~ ~ a~ ~ a ~ ~
o~ ~
E~:Z ,q~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ,n: ~o r c~
;
: : :
:: .
, ., ~ , ~ ~ ... . .. :
. ' ' ~ ~
1 ~07661 The table shows that the introduction of 5%
pla~ticiz~r ~nabled a r~duction in the minimum acceptable inj~ction molding machin~ t~mperatures of 40F
at the r~ar of the machin~ and 80F at th~ no zl~ and 5 ~prue. Addition of 10% pla~ticizer enabled rsduction in tho minimum acc~ptabl~ moldlng machine temp~ratur~3 by 50F at th~ r~ar of th~ machin~ and ~5-130F at the nozzl~ and ~pruo.
Exum~l~ 2 A two-minuta wat~r imm~r~ion laboratory test i8 u ~d to ~valuat~ tho eficacy of in~rt~ and a3~e~s th~ir ability to rolsa~ polyothyl~no oxid~ duri~g sha~ing. A minimum of 70% wat~r woight g~in is r~quired for an in~rt to bo sf~icaciou~ (p~rc~ived a~
providing signific~nt lubri~ation to th~ ~hav~r during th~ act of shaving). Wat3r imm~rslon valu~ ~or the list~d compound3 ara a~ follow~:
% Woight Gain 2-Min.
ComPound Wat~r Immorsion T~t ~ 78 7 9~
Tho t~blo 3how~ wh~n comparing Compound 3 (~o pla~ticizor) to 6 (5% propyl~o glycol~ that th~
pl~tlcizdd compound ia moro offlcaciou~ (73% wat~r ~bsorption V8. 67%) and it c~n b~ mold~d at nozzla and 30 8prllO t~mp~r~tur~ of 7CI~. and 85F., ro~pQctiv~ly, b~low th~ non-pla~tlciz~d ormulation.
Tho ir~troduction of 10% pro~aylen~ glycol ( compar~
compound 1 to compound 7 ) pe~mit~ a reduction in nozzle and ~pru0 tempQratur~ of 80F and 130F, r~pectively, whila slightly increa~ing ~fficacy.
Background of the Invention U.S. Patent 4,170,821 issued October 16, 1979 describes a razor cartridge having a cap with a lubricating composition. It also describes the incorporation of this agent in a water insoluble microporous substrate.
Commercially available razors of this type namely Gillette ATRA PLUS~M and Schick ULTREX PLUS~ provide the combination of a lubricating strip which is subsequently affixed to the razor cap. This strip containing the shaving aid, which is polyethylene oxide having a molecular weight between 100,000 and 6,000,000, is released from a microporous substrate, i.e., typically polystyrene by leaching.
The process for manufacturing a razor having such a lubricating strip employs first, injection molding of the cap and then the separate attachment of the strip. The strip is attached either by the use of acrylate adhesives or by mechanical means. When an adhesive is utlized, the combination of the strip and cap must be properly positioned after the adhesive is applied and then clamped for a period of time to allow the initial adhesive bonding to occur. This process has the disadvantage of the extra cost associated with the use of the adhesive as well as the separate steps utilized to mate and cure the adhesive.
mechanical attachment means usually involves a slot defining a recess in the top surface of the cap generally extending longitudinally along the cap length and a positioning means either at the end of the recess ' ~L -.. ~ ~. .
or at the bottom of the recess or in both place3. The ~trip w~ich i~ ~eparately manufactured and which i3 either extruded or injection molded i~ cut, positioned and retained u3ually by mean of tab~ or the like which can be bent over a portion of the strip to r~tain it.
S Ideally, the ~teps r~lating to th~ marriago of the ~eparately formed strip and cap would b~ avoided if the ~trip could be molded in th~ ame machin~ aft~r molding of th~ cap had b~en complQted. While th~ mixturo of poly~thyl~n~ oxide and poly~tyr~n~ can bo r~nd~r~d pla~tic and deformabl~, attempt~ to s~qu~ntlally mold the poly~tyren* poly~thyl~n~ combination hav~ run into ~oma sub~tantial difficulti~.
On~ of th~ problema inhQrent 1n a~tempting to injoction mold a polyothylo~o ox~d~ compound i~ that high molecular weight poly3thylene oxid~s ar~ pr~f~rr~d for thi~ particular application b~cau~ thoy hav~ the de~ir~d rate of water solubllity. Low~r molacular weight polyethylon~ oxide compounds, i.o., thos~ near th~ bottom of tha range di~slosed in th~ above mentioned Booth patant, tond to rapidly l~ach out of tho poly-~tyren2 op~n-coll~d matrix or hon~ycomb structur~ and may b~ es~entially "u~od up" b~for~ ths number o shavos contemplatod by the perticular blad~ a~ombly i~
compl~t~d.
Th~ d~oelrod, high molocular wslght polyothylen~
oxld~ i~, un ortunatoly, highly ~u~csptibl~ to chain sci~sion which r~duc~3 it~ mol~cular waight and con~2gu~ntly lt8 o~ficacy a~ a ~haviny aid. In th~
th~rmopla~tic 3t~t~, high mol~cul~r w~ight poly~thylen~
oxid~ ha~ an oxtr~m~ly high m~lt visco~ity. Ther~fore, i~ ord~r to s~qu~ntially mold ~h~ lubrlcating ~trip onto tho razor c~p, it i9 noc~s~ry to u~ ev~ry high in~ction molding temp~ratur~ to achiev~ th~ n~ce~ ary m~lt flow to succ~3sfully compl~te th~ injection molding of the strip. This combinatlon of high temperature and shear expo~ure accelerates the degradation o the polyethylene oxide via chain sciscon. ThiQ problem could be substantially reduced i the temparatures used for injection molding wer~ sub~tantially reduced.
Anothsr problem as~ociated with th~ use o~ very high injectisn molding t~mperature~ in th~ ~e~uential molding proce3~ is the potential thermal di~tortion of the previously molded cap during the se~uential molding of the lubricating ~trip.
Eor theY~ r8a80n8, and th~ obviou~ ~n~rgy ~vings, it is highly dosir~bl~ to bo abl~ to sub~tantiaLly reduco th~ inj~ction molding t~mp~raturo~ u3~d to form tho lubrlcating ~trip.
Su~mary of ~he Inv~ntion According to t~l~ invontton a lubricating ~trip comprisin~ a honaycomb structurQ of poly~tyr~ne and a wat~r ~olublo l~achabla shaving aid of high mol~cular weight poly~thyl~n~ oxid~ i3 moldod in ~itu on a razor cap made of thermopla~tic mat~rial which ha~ been pr~viously in~oction moldod.
In~e~tion molding i8 perform~d in ~uch a mannor that a suitabl~ rocopt~cle for th~ lubricating strip i~
provided on th~ ¢ap and tho ~trip i ~ maintained in 25 place~ aft~r formins~ trip with pro~actions dependirlg downw~rd through auitabl~ oriflco~ positioned within the rec~ptacle p~rtion of th~ C2p can provid~ the nece~sary anchoring o~ ~trip to cap.
Th~ ability to pr~rv* ~ho hi~ molecular weight 30 poly~thyl~n~ oxid~ r~bults, accordin~ to thi~
inventiorl, from th~ inclu3ion of up to 10% of 3uitable pl~stici~r~ ~ will b~ d~ ~cus~d in mor~ d~tail b~low.
4a Other aspects of this invention are as follows:
A razor cap having a lubricating strip comprising a mixture of polystyrene, polyethylene oxide and from 0.1 to 10% a water solublP, cosmetically acceptable plasticizer for polyethylene oxide said plasticizer being incompatible with polystyrene.
A razor cap with a lubricating strip comprising a mixture of polyethylene oxide, polystyrene and between 0.1 to 10~ by weight of octyl phenol ethoxylate containing nine moles of ethylene oxide.
A razor cap with a lubricating strip comprising polystyrene, polyethylene oxide and between 0.1 to 10%
by weight of propylene glycol.
A method for sequentially injection molding a lubricating strip and at least a plastic razor cap with orifices for anchoring said strip positioned longitudinally across the cap comprising:
(a) molding at least said cap with orifices spaced along a recessed area longitudinally along the cap; and (b) injecting a mixture of polystyrene, high molecular weight polyethylene oxide and from 0.1 to 10%
by weight of the mixture of a water soluble cosmetically acceptable polystyrene incompatible plasticizer at temperatures sufficient to produce flowability of the polyethylene oxide without substantially reducing its molecular weight during said injecting, said mixture forming and flowing into said orifices to anchor said strip to said cap.
Brief Description_of the Drawin~3 Th~ inve~tion can be more readily under~tood by refer~nce to tho drawing~ in which:
Fiq. 1 is a plan ViQW of a razor cap with lubricatinq in~ert;
Fig. 2 i~ a cro~ ~octional view taXen along lines 2-~ of Fiq. l; and Fig. 3 i~ a view o a mold~d poly~thylen~ oxide ins~rt made according to thi~ inv~ntion.
1~ Datailod De~cription o~ th~ Inv~ntion and Drawinas A~ can bQ 8~n from Fig. l, a razor structur~ R i9 provided with handl~ 17 conn~cted to razor cap 20 by n~ck 16 (conn~cting m~an~ not ~hown). Th~ lubricating ~rip 20 i~ d~poslted along a lon~itudin~l lin~ in r~c4sJ ar~a 18 and i~ rotain~d in plac~ and anchored throu~h T-~hap~d anchor m~ans 12, 13, 14 and 15 respec-tlv~ly. A~ can bo se~n by r~for~nco to Fig. 2, a typical anchoring mean~ 12 may b~ gonerally T-shapod and contain~ a n~ck portion 22" and a widor portion 22'.
Theso anchor~ which may ~xtend undor tho bottom ~urfaco o tho cap and ~low alonq to dafine a mold area within the cap o~ may b~ po~ition0d within a hollow recoiving por~ion within th~ thiclun~ of th~ cap lt~lE a~ shown in Fig. 2 s~rv- to maintain the in~ection mold~d poly-~ ~tyr~no-poly~thyl~n~ oxi~o ~trip in it~ po~ition on tho cap within roe~ . Fig. 3 ~how~ an illustration of th~ mold~d ~trip as it would appaar if ~oparat~ rom the~ cap portion. As can be~ ~o~n t~or~in a ~ri~3 of T 3hap~d anchor~ 22, 23, 24, and 25 dQ~içln~d to m~ts with cap ~lots 12, 13, 14, and 15 r~poctively ar~
d~ign~d Yo that th~ n@ck portion of th~ T r~pr~nted by 22", 23", 24n, 25" ar~ po~ition~d within th~ ~lot~
and th~ strip i 9 re~ain~d by ~h~ spr~ad out anchor ' ' ' ' , .
' ' , :
1 3n766l portion~ 22 ', 23 ', 24', 25 ' ~haped as the cro3s bar portion of the T.
Th~ particular configuration of the molded anchors are illustrative only and are apparent to thoY~ skilled in the art that any anchor can be u ed in which the bottom portion repre~ented h~reby 22 ', 23 ', 24' and 25 ' i~ wider than the re~pected mating orifice~ 12, 13, l~, and lS through which th~ injection mold~d ~trip is anchored. Tho number of orifices i9 not critlcal except, with r~gard to their location, it i~ preferred that ~hey be position~d e~e~ntially ~ymm~trically about th~ trarl~v~r~e c~nt~r of the razor cap to maintain r~sistanc~ to torqu~ orc~ which may b0 applied to the strip durin~ ~h~ving.
~h~ method accordlng to thl3 invention ro~ide~ in the ~qu~ntial molding of a ra~or cap and, ~ubsoguently, a lubricating ~trip po~itioned in appropriatoly pre-d~signed ar~as on the top of th~ cap. As can bo sean by reference to th~ drawing particularly Fig~. 1 and Z, a cap is ormed with a r~co~vlng aroa by inj~ction molding and, ~ub~u~ntly a mixtur~ of poly~tyrene and poly-ethyl~no oxid~ along with ouit~ble amounts of acceptable plasticizer~ pr~-nt form 0.1 to about 10% by weigh~ of the polystyron~-poly~thyl~no o~id* pla~ticizer mixture 25 i~ proparad als a fluid for i socond ~tag~ injection moldlng operation. Th~ r~c~iving cavity or ~his ~cond ~tago i~ ormod in part ~y th~ inj~ction moldsd cap.
( For purpo~a o~ thi~ inv~ntion, wh~rl a cap i~ r~f~rred to :Lt ~ ~ dosis~ d to ~ncompa~3 any oth2r part o~ the 30 iniection mold~d raæor ~ n~ly which provide~ part of a molding op~ration pr~coding tho molding of th~ lubri-cating ~trip to tho cap.
Th~ u~ of a pla~ticiz~r in th~ poly~tyrene-poly~thylene oxid~ mi~tur~ i~ absolut~ly critical to bring about the de~ired reduction in injection molding temperature~ and the previously d~scribed performance and proce~ing benefits d~riv~d therefrom must b~ water ~oluble and compatibls with polyethylen~ oxid~ and al~o co3metically accoptable. By "co~metically acceptable"
it i8 meant that th~ u~e of the pla~tic~zer in the indicat0d amounts of O.l to 10% by w~ight of th~ poly-ethyl~na oxld~-polystyren~ mixtur~ will not gonerally produce irritation to th~ skin of th~ majority of the l~ us~rs of the ~having impl~m~nt. Tho pla~ticizer mu~t also h~va ons additional charact~ri~tlc and that is it mu~t b~ s~b~tantially incompatibl~ with poly~tyr~ne. If ths plasticizer i~ impri~on~d in ths poly~tyr~n~ matrix it ha~ no ~ff~ct on tho poly0th~10n~ oxid~. Of courso, 5 pla~ticiz8r3 which ar~ compatibl~ with both polyethyl~no oxide ~nd poly~tyr~na whlch ar~ al~o co~metically acceptablo could b~ us~d i~ pr~nt in r21atiY~ly high ~ 18 but obviously thi~ is und~irable bocaua~ high lev21s o~ p}asticizers coul~ advor~oly aff~ct both the pvlyethylen3 oxido ~raction and th~ polystyrene portion.
Th~ us~ of th~ pla~ticiz~r~ allow~ the utilization of sub~tantially lowor t~mp~ratur~ during tho timo of proce~aing to produce a flowability of tha polyethylene oxld~ without ~ub~tantially r~ducing lts molocular woight and p~rformanc~ ln ths lubricatlng strip.
Pr-f~rro~ pl~3ticiz~rs ar~ poly~thyl~n~ glycol particularly with molecular w~ight b~twe~n 400 and 20,000, wat~r solubl~ polypropyl~ne glycol particularly with molecular w~ight b~tw~Qn 400 and 4, ooa, wat~r-~olubl~ copolymor~ of ~hyl~n~ and propylen~
oxid~, water-~olubl@ aklyl ph~nol ~thoxylates, ~lycerin~, sorbitol and wator.
Particularly pr~rr~d pla~iciz~r3 ar~ propylen~
glycol and octyl phenol athoxylate wlth 9 moles of - ~ .
, 1 3~7661 ethylene oxide. Thi~ latter placticizer i~ commarcially available under th~ trade name Triton X-100 from Rohm and Haa~ Company, Philadelphia, Pa. It i~ al-Qo po3sible to u9e water a~ a plas~icizer although tha U3~ of water raquir~s a change in c~rtain of the process parameters.
Particularly preferred plasticizer~ ar~ propylene glycol and Trit~n X 100. With regard to each specific plasticizsr flowability at a given temperature increase3 with the amount of plasticiz~r addsd as will ba ~hown in the ~xample et forth below.
- Exam~le 1 A serie~ of runs wer~ made in which th~ level o~
high molocular wQight polye~hylo~ oxid~, polystyrene and propylene glycol was varied within ~h~ ranges in the table 8~t forth below.
A ~mall amount of 3,5,-di tertbutyl-p-cre~ol, commonly known as butylatod hydroxy toluene or B~T, wa3 added to th~ compo~ition as an oxidation inhibitor for the composition.
In order to determine th~ eff~ct of pla~ticizers on tho in; oction molding tompsrature~ roquir~d to successfully sequentially mold tho lubricating ~trip onto at lea~t the cap, th~ run~ w~r~ con~uct~d on a commercial i~oction moldlng machine. Temporatures o~
2S ths difforl~nt ~3ction~ of tha m~chine w~re varied t:o dctormin~ ths mlnimum tQmp~r~turos for soquentlally molding lubricating strip~.
Th~ tabl~ b~low pr~nts th~ compositions t~ted in th~ manner d~scrib~d abov~, showlng th~ minimum acceptabl~ ~omp~rature~ n~c~sary for ~cc~s~ful ~aquential molding of th~ lubrie~ting ~trip:
,, ~
O ~, ¦ L9 L'l L'l L') LO L--I L'l 11') ~ o t~
U~ ~ I
t:l 4 t~ O O O O O L'l O L
m ~ a~
N O O O O O O O O
X~ ~ I
O ~ O O O O O O O O
Z :E
Z: ~` I O O O O O O O O
a a~ ~ ~ ~o ~o ~ ~ N
p~ O O 0, 0 0 0 o o Ql~
m ~ o ~: ~ U o o E~ O ~ o o o ~ u~
C~ C~
S~-Z /~ o In O U~ O U C~ U-o co ~ 1~ r r ~o r ~o O a~
C _ : ~ : :~. ~
_ ~ ~ ~ a~ ~ a ~ ~
o~ ~
E~:Z ,q~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ,n: ~o r c~
;
: : :
:: .
, ., ~ , ~ ~ ... . .. :
. ' ' ~ ~
1 ~07661 The table shows that the introduction of 5%
pla~ticiz~r ~nabled a r~duction in the minimum acceptable inj~ction molding machin~ t~mperatures of 40F
at the r~ar of the machin~ and 80F at th~ no zl~ and 5 ~prue. Addition of 10% pla~ticizer enabled rsduction in tho minimum acc~ptabl~ moldlng machine temp~ratur~3 by 50F at th~ r~ar of th~ machin~ and ~5-130F at the nozzl~ and ~pruo.
Exum~l~ 2 A two-minuta wat~r imm~r~ion laboratory test i8 u ~d to ~valuat~ tho eficacy of in~rt~ and a3~e~s th~ir ability to rolsa~ polyothyl~no oxid~ duri~g sha~ing. A minimum of 70% wat~r woight g~in is r~quired for an in~rt to bo sf~icaciou~ (p~rc~ived a~
providing signific~nt lubri~ation to th~ ~hav~r during th~ act of shaving). Wat3r imm~rslon valu~ ~or the list~d compound3 ara a~ follow~:
% Woight Gain 2-Min.
ComPound Wat~r Immorsion T~t ~ 78 7 9~
Tho t~blo 3how~ wh~n comparing Compound 3 (~o pla~ticizor) to 6 (5% propyl~o glycol~ that th~
pl~tlcizdd compound ia moro offlcaciou~ (73% wat~r ~bsorption V8. 67%) and it c~n b~ mold~d at nozzla and 30 8prllO t~mp~r~tur~ of 7CI~. and 85F., ro~pQctiv~ly, b~low th~ non-pla~tlciz~d ormulation.
Tho ir~troduction of 10% pro~aylen~ glycol ( compar~
compound 1 to compound 7 ) pe~mit~ a reduction in nozzle and ~pru0 tempQratur~ of 80F and 130F, r~pectively, whila slightly increa~ing ~fficacy.
Claims (9)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A razor cap having a lubricating strip comprising a mixture of polystyrene, polyethylene oxide and from 0.1 to 10% a water soluble, cosmetically acceptable plasticizer for polyethylene oxide said plasticizer being incompatible with polystyrene.
2. The cap of Claim 1 wherein the plasticizer is at least one member of a group consisting of propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, glycerol, alkyl phenol ethoxylate and water.
3. The cap of Claim 1 wherein the polystyrene is general purpose polystyrene.
4. The cap of Claim 1 wherein the weight percentage of the strip ingredients are:
polyethylene oxide 55-85%
polystyrene 35-15%
plasticizer 0.1-10%
polyethylene oxide 55-85%
polystyrene 35-15%
plasticizer 0.1-10%
5. A razor cap according to Claim 1 with a lubricating strip extending transversely along the cap top, said lubricating strip being anchored by a plurality of downwardly directed T-shaped projections with the horizontal part of the T essentially parallel to said strip and abutting the bottom portion of the cap and the vertical segment of the T extending through said cap.
6. A razor cap with a lubricating strip comprising a mixture of polyethylene oxide, polystyrene and between 0.1 to 10% by weight of octyl phenol ethoxylate containing nine moles of ethylene oxide.
7. A razor cap with a lubricating strip comprising polystyrene, polyethylene oxide and between 0.1 to 10 by weight of propylene glycol.
8. A method for sequentially injection molding a lubricating strip and at least a plastic razor cap with orifices for anchoring said strip positioned longitudinally across the cap comprising:
(a) molding at least said cap with orifices spaced along a recessed area longitudinally along the cap; and (b) injecting a mixture of polystyrene, high molecular weight polyethylene oxide and from 0.1 to 10%
by weight of the mixture of a water soluble cosmetically acceptable polystyrene incompatible plasticizer at temperatures sufficient to produce flowability of the polyethylene oxide without substantially reducing its molecular weight during said injecting, said mixture forming and flowing into said orifices to anchor said strip to said cap.
(a) molding at least said cap with orifices spaced along a recessed area longitudinally along the cap; and (b) injecting a mixture of polystyrene, high molecular weight polyethylene oxide and from 0.1 to 10%
by weight of the mixture of a water soluble cosmetically acceptable polystyrene incompatible plasticizer at temperatures sufficient to produce flowability of the polyethylene oxide without substantially reducing its molecular weight during said injecting, said mixture forming and flowing into said orifices to anchor said strip to said cap.
9. The method of Claim 8 wherein the mixture is formed with particulate polystyrene.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US003,972 | 1987-01-16 | ||
| US07/003,972 US4778640A (en) | 1987-01-16 | 1987-01-16 | Method of sequentially molding a razor cap |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1307661C true CA1307661C (en) | 1992-09-22 |
Family
ID=21708476
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000555088A Expired - Lifetime CA1307661C (en) | 1987-01-16 | 1987-12-22 | Sequentially molded razor cap |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4778640A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0276094B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2650703B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR970008480B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE67711T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU602945B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8800138A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1307661C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3865026D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK5688A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2025286B3 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3003105T3 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK62594A (en) |
| IL (1) | IL84975A (en) |
| MX (1) | MX167531B (en) |
| PT (1) | PT86554B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA879601B (en) |
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| US5318429A (en) * | 1987-04-24 | 1994-06-07 | Warner-Lambert Company | Process for insert molding wet-shaving razor unit and unit made therefrom |
| US5141694A (en) * | 1987-04-24 | 1992-08-25 | Warner-Lambert Company | Process for insert molding wet-shaving razor unit |
| JPH0349794A (en) * | 1989-07-15 | 1991-03-04 | Kaijirushi Hamono Kaihatsu Center:Kk | Fixing method for shaving aid to razor and razor with shaving aid |
| DE9004761U1 (en) * | 1990-04-27 | 1991-08-29 | Wilkinson Sword Gmbh, 5650 Solingen, De | |
| JPH0410858U (en) * | 1990-05-18 | 1992-01-29 | ||
| JPH0410860U (en) * | 1990-05-18 | 1992-01-29 | ||
| WO1992005929A1 (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-04-16 | The Gillette Company | Shaving system |
| ATE277975T1 (en) * | 1992-02-06 | 2004-10-15 | Warner Lambert Co | RAZOR FOR A WET SHAVER |
| US5454164A (en) * | 1994-03-17 | 1995-10-03 | The Gillette Company | Wet shaving system with a lubricating device |
| US5589545A (en) * | 1994-07-18 | 1996-12-31 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Lubricious polymer blends comprising polyethylene oxide, polyethylene and a polylactone |
| US5711076A (en) * | 1996-03-27 | 1998-01-27 | The Gillette Company | Shaving system with improved guard structure |
| US5956848A (en) | 1997-02-27 | 1999-09-28 | The Gillette Company | Shaving system |
| FR2769535B1 (en) | 1997-10-15 | 1999-12-31 | Bic Soc | EXTRUDED ANTIFRICTION STRIP FOR SHAVING HEAD AND SHAVING HEAD COMPRISING SUCH A STRIP |
| US6115902A (en) | 1998-02-13 | 2000-09-12 | Bic Corporation | Method of manufacturing a razor |
| USD422380S (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2000-04-04 | The Gillette Company | Shaving aid strip for razor cartridge |
| US6021693A (en) * | 1998-09-21 | 2000-02-08 | Chang Feng-Sing | Method of manufacturing blades for scissors |
| USD424745S (en) * | 1999-08-05 | 2000-05-09 | The Gillette Company | Shaving aid strip for razor cartridge |
| US7086159B2 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2006-08-08 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Razor assembly |
| US7370419B2 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2008-05-13 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Replacement cartridge for a razor assembly |
| US7178241B1 (en) | 2000-05-22 | 2007-02-20 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Lubricating shaving assembly |
| KR20010069666A (en) * | 2001-04-25 | 2001-07-25 | 전창호 | Composition of synthetic resin (or rubber) from which lubricant is eluted |
| US7266895B2 (en) * | 2002-04-24 | 2007-09-11 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Razor assembly |
| US20050278954A1 (en) * | 2002-04-24 | 2005-12-22 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Shaving aid body for a safety razor |
| US20050015990A1 (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2005-01-27 | Barone Chris A. | Method for producing a shaving aid cartridge |
| US7103976B2 (en) * | 2004-02-06 | 2006-09-12 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Razor assembly |
| US20060241000A1 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2006-10-26 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Lubricious compound and medical device made of the same |
| US20060240059A1 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2006-10-26 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Lubricious eluting polymer blend and coating made from the same |
| US20060240060A1 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2006-10-26 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Lubricious compound and medical device made of the same |
| US20060240253A1 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2006-10-26 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Guidewire and tube with lubricious coating |
| WO2008112139A1 (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2008-09-18 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Shaving aid delivery system for use with wet shave razors |
| EP2356976A3 (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2013-03-06 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Shaving aid material |
| US8273205B2 (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2012-09-25 | The Gillette Company | Manufacture of pivoting resilient skin contacting members |
| EP2366507B1 (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2015-05-13 | The Gillette Company | Razor cartridge |
| US20140322153A1 (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2014-10-30 | The Gillette Company | Lubricating Skin Engaging Member |
| MX2017005149A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2017-08-08 | Kimberly Clark Co | Soft and durable nonwoven web. |
| CN107709857B (en) | 2015-06-17 | 2020-05-12 | 威斯塔德尔特有限责任公司 | Low hysteresis diaphragm for valve |
| US20170009890A1 (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2017-01-12 | Vistadeltek, Llc | Control plate in a valve |
| US10458553B1 (en) | 2017-06-05 | 2019-10-29 | Vistadeltek, Llc | Control plate for a high conductive valve |
| TWI766034B (en) | 2017-06-05 | 2022-06-01 | 美商伊利諾工具工程公司 | Control plate for a high conductance valve |
| US10364897B2 (en) | 2017-06-05 | 2019-07-30 | Vistadeltek, Llc | Control plate for a high conductance valve |
| US11248708B2 (en) | 2017-06-05 | 2022-02-15 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Control plate for a high conductance valve |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US13055A (en) * | 1855-06-12 | Curvilinear-sawing machine | ||
| US3541581A (en) * | 1967-11-13 | 1970-11-17 | Johnson & Son Inc S C | Package containing a post-foaming gel |
| FR2229389A1 (en) * | 1973-05-14 | 1974-12-13 | Wakeman L | Multipurpose toilet cream contg. anionic detergent - with fillers, polishers and other additives |
| US4182582A (en) * | 1976-01-27 | 1980-01-08 | A. T. Ramot Plastics Ltd. | Porous tubes and hollow profile structures and method of making same |
| US4170821A (en) * | 1977-12-02 | 1979-10-16 | Warner-Lambert Company | Razor cartridges |
| GB2024082B (en) * | 1978-05-31 | 1982-05-06 | Gillette Co | Safety razors |
| US4258063A (en) * | 1978-06-23 | 1981-03-24 | Henkel Corporation | Self-emulsifying cosmetic base |
| US4343754A (en) * | 1979-09-21 | 1982-08-10 | H-C Industries, Inc. | Process and apparatus for molding liners in container closures |
| JPS5818849Y2 (en) * | 1981-09-14 | 1983-04-16 | ザ、ジレツト、コンパニ− | safety razor handle |
| US4381293A (en) * | 1982-01-11 | 1983-04-26 | Michel George H | Shaving composition |
| US4692986A (en) * | 1985-09-27 | 1987-09-15 | Warner Lambert Company | Razor cartridge with shaving aid |
| US4683096A (en) * | 1986-01-31 | 1987-07-28 | Warner-Lambert Company | Method of securing a shaving aid to a razor cartridge |
-
1987
- 1987-01-16 US US07/003,972 patent/US4778640A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-12-22 ZA ZA879601A patent/ZA879601B/en unknown
- 1987-12-22 CA CA000555088A patent/CA1307661C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-12-29 IL IL84975A patent/IL84975A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1988
- 1988-01-06 KR KR1019880000029A patent/KR970008480B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1988-01-07 DK DK005688A patent/DK5688A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-01-14 PT PT86554A patent/PT86554B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-01-14 JP JP63006703A patent/JP2650703B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-01-15 DE DE8888300312T patent/DE3865026D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-01-15 ES ES88300312T patent/ES2025286B3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-01-15 AU AU10308/88A patent/AU602945B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-01-15 AT AT88300312T patent/ATE67711T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-01-15 EP EP88300312A patent/EP0276094B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-01-15 BR BR8800138A patent/BR8800138A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-01-15 MX MX010129A patent/MX167531B/en unknown
-
1991
- 1991-11-12 GR GR91401729T patent/GR3003105T3/en unknown
-
1994
- 1994-06-30 HK HK62594A patent/HK62594A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IL84975A0 (en) | 1988-06-30 |
| KR880008862A (en) | 1988-09-13 |
| ES2025286B3 (en) | 1992-03-16 |
| US4778640A (en) | 1988-10-18 |
| MX167531B (en) | 1993-03-29 |
| PT86554B (en) | 1993-09-30 |
| AU1030888A (en) | 1988-07-14 |
| DK5688D0 (en) | 1988-01-07 |
| JPS63214275A (en) | 1988-09-06 |
| EP0276094B1 (en) | 1991-09-25 |
| AU602945B2 (en) | 1990-11-01 |
| BR8800138A (en) | 1988-08-23 |
| IL84975A (en) | 1990-11-05 |
| EP0276094A3 (en) | 1988-08-17 |
| DE3865026D1 (en) | 1991-10-31 |
| ZA879601B (en) | 1988-06-17 |
| KR970008480B1 (en) | 1997-05-24 |
| GR3003105T3 (en) | 1993-02-17 |
| ATE67711T1 (en) | 1991-10-15 |
| DK5688A (en) | 1988-07-17 |
| EP0276094A2 (en) | 1988-07-27 |
| HK62594A (en) | 1994-07-01 |
| PT86554A (en) | 1989-01-30 |
| JP2650703B2 (en) | 1997-09-03 |
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| MKLA | Lapsed | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20040922 |