CA1323660C - Light array assembly for photoactivation patient treatment system - Google Patents

Abstract

LIGHT ARRAY ASSEMBLY FOR PHOTOACTIVATION PATIENT
TREATMENT SYSTEM

Abstract A removable U.V. light array assembly for use in a photoactivatable agent, patient treatment system wherein photoactivatable agents, in contact with patient blood cells, are irradiated extracorporeally and then returned to the patient.

Description

Field of the Invention This invention relates to the field of treating cells with photoactivatable compounds and radiation which activates the compound thereby affecting the cells and specifically, xelates to clinically useful systems for the extracorporeal treatment of blood cells, especially leukocytes, including a disposable source of U.V. radiation in a removable light array assembly.

Background of the Invention It is well-known that a number of human disease states may be characterized by the overproduction of certain types of leukocytes, including lymphocytes, in comparison to other populations of cells which normally comprise whole blood.
Excessive of abnormal lymphocyte populations result in numerous adverse effects to patlents including the functional impairment of bodily organs, leukocyte mediated autoimmune diseases and leukemia related disorders many of which often ultimately result in fatality.

U.S. Patent No.s 4,321,919; 4,398,906; 4,428,744;
and 4,464,166 to Edelson describe methods for treating blood whereby the opexation of viability of certain cellular populations may be moderated thereby providing relief for these patients. In general, the methods comprise treati.ng the blood with a dissolved photoactivatable drug, such as ., :

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~ 323660 psoralen, which is capable of forming photoadducts with VNA in the presence of U.V. radiation. It is believed that covalent bonding results between the psoralen and the lymphocyte nucleic acid thereby effecting metabolic inhibition of the thusly treated cells. Following extracorporeal radiation, the cells are returned to the patient where they are thought to be cleared by natural processes but at an accelerated pace believed attributable to disruption of membrane integrity, alteration o DNA
within the cell, or the like conditions often associated with substantial loss of cellular effectiveness or viability.

Although a number of photoactivatable compounds in the psoralen class are known, 8-methoxy psoralen is presently the compound of choice. An efective radiation for this compound, and many psoralens in general, is the ultraviolet spectrum in the range of approximately 320 to 400 nanometers, alternatively referred to as the U.V.A.
spectrum. As the development of photoactivatable compounds proceeds, it may be expected that changes in the preferred activation radiation spectrum will be necessary.
Suitable selection of radiation sources will, of course, increase treatment efficiency and is contemplated as an obvious optimization procedure for use with the inventions disclosed herein.
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Although Edelson's methods have been experimentally shown to provide great relief to patients sufering from leukocyte mediated diseases, numerous practical problems require solutions. In particular, Edelson fails to provide a suitable apparatus for applying radiation to the cells, e.g via a treatment station, in an economical and eficacious manner, or a system for incorporating a , .

treatment station providing for the treatment of a patient in a clinically acceptable format.

Conventional techniques for photoact.ivat;.ng ` compounds associated with cells have xelied on a plurality of devices including flasks, filtration columns, spectrophotometer cuvettes, and petrj -dishes. The sample to be irradiated is added to the containers and the container placed adjacent to the radiation source. Such systems tend to be laboratory curiosities as they fail to provide the necessary safeguards intrinsically necessary where '~ patient bodily fluids are concerned, particularly since these fluids must be returned to the patient thereby necessitating strict avoidance of contamination. Fuxther, such methods tend to be volume limited, are characterized by many mechanical manipulations and are generally unacceptable from a clinical and regulatory - viewpoin~. It is an object of the present invention to provide methods and apparatus suitable ; for use with the Edelson methods to overcome the limitations associated with the conventional expedients.

Copending Canadian application Serial No. 464,189 of Taylor describes a practical device for coupling the radiation provided by commercially available light sources, such as the so-called "black-light"
fluorescent tubes, to cells for treatment by Edelson's photoactivated drug methods. In summary, the disposable cassette descxibed therein comprises a plurality of fluorescent tube-like light sources such as the U.V.A. emitting Sylvania F8TS/BLB bulb, which are individually, coa~ially mounted in tubes of larger diameter which are, in urn, coaxially mounted in sealing arrangement within second outer ,~ ` .

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tubes of even larger diameter thereby forming a structure having two generally elongated, cylindrical cavities about each radiation source.
The inner cavity prefexably communicates with the atmosphere thereby facilitating cooling of the radiation source. The second tube forming the outer cavity further comprises inlet and outlet means for receiving and dischaxging, respectively, the cells to be irradiated. A pluxality of these structuxes are "ganged" and sultable connections made between inle~s and outlets of adjacent members to provide for serpentine flow of cells through each outer cavity. Thus, contlnuous flow of the cells through the plurality of cavities suxxounding the centxally disposed radiation souxces facilitates thorough txeatment of the cells-To bé fully pxactical, the Taylox device requires a clinically acceptable instrument to house the device and to provide the cells to be treated in an appropriate form. Such an instrument is the object of the inventions described in U.S. Patent Nos.
4,573,960, 4,568,328, 4,578,056, 4,573,961, 4,596,547, 4,623,328, and 4,573,962. While the . instruments described therein work well, it is an object of the instant application to describe improved systems capable of implementing, in advanced fashion, the medical treatment principles first taught by Edelson.

It is anothex object of the present invention to provide still further mprovements in greatex patient safety and comfoxt while reducing treatment time and cost, by utilizing a newly designed disposable irradiation chamber, described more ~ 5 - 1323660 fully in U.S. Patent No. 4,737,140 and incorporated in an appropriate instrument which incorporates a new, advanced photoactivating light array assembly.

It is yet another object to provide an improved instrument which meets the above criteria while malntaining the positive attributes of the prior system; compactness, mobility, completeness, fully automated and monitored, coupled with ease of operation.

It is a further related object of this invention to provide, in contrast to the time consuming batch like processing of the prior system, disposable light array assembly for use with a continuous on-line patient treatment system wherein collection, separation, and cell treatment occur simultaneously, thereby reducing treatment time and increasing patient safety and comfort.

According to the above objects, from a broad aspect, the present invention provides a light array assembly for use in a patient treatment system for altering cells including treating the cells with a photoactivatable agent and irradiating the cells and the agent whereby the agent is caused to be activated and to affect the cells. The agent and the cells, during irradiation is contained in an irradiation chamber. The assembly comprises a top printed circuit board and a bottom printed circuit board having mounted therebetween and connected thereto a plurality of radiation sources for providing photoactivating illumination. Each of the printed circuit boards has a plurality of contacts adapted to receive power for energizing the radiation sources.

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' - 5a -- Brief description of the Drawings These and still o~her obiect-s of the invention will ' become more apparent upon study of the accompanying I drawings wherein:

Figure 1 illustrates a preferred configuration of ' the system during collection, separation, and ,~ treatment;

i Figure 2 shows a front elevational view of the flat plate irradiation chamber mating with a recirculation pump; and UVA light source array; and Figure 3 shows a bottom view of the preferred embodiment of the light array assembly with the irradiation chamber mounted therein;
, Figure 4 shows a perspective view of the light array assembly of the present invention.
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Figure 5 is an exploded perspective view of the light array and the irradiation chambers.

summarY of the Invention ln accordance with the principles and objects o the present invention there i6 provided a disposable light array assembly for use with a patient treatment apparatus for "on-line" extracorporeally photoactivating a photoactivatable reagent in contact with blood cells by collecting and separating on a continuous basis, blood from a patient while the patient is connected to the apparatus, returning to the patient undesired blood portions obtained during separation while the desired portion is photoactivatably treated and thereafter returning the thusly treated cells to the patient. As a result of this novel approach, the treatment system of the instant inventions optimizes and minimizes treatment time -by concurrently conducting various aspects of such photoactivation treatment which were previously performed sequentially.

, More specifically, the apparatus collects and separates blood on a continuous basis as it is withdrawn from the ; 25 patient and returns unwanted portions to the patient while concurrently energizing the irradiation sources in the - disposable light array assembly for photoactivating the photoactivatable reagent in contact with the desired blood portion. Following photoactivation, the treated cells may then be facilely returned to the patient utilizing a drip chamber gravity feed infusion line incorporated in a dedicated tubing set.

The light array assembly of the instant invention provides for e~ficient activation of photoactivatable agents, in , . , :

:' -contact with cells within the irradiation chamber, described in U.S. Patent No. 4,737,140, by irradiating concurrently both sides of the irradiation chamber while still permitting fac.ile removal of the chamber. A mos' preferred embodiment further comp_ises a sol.id state devlce for controlling the use of the light array assembly for maintaining and protecting patient safety and device efficacy.
~' Detailed Description . Figure 1 shows various aspects of the system developed for extracorporeally t.reating a patient based in part upon the scientific discoveries of :~ . Edelson. While the specific design, constructj.on and operation of the apparatus 10 i.s the result of : a number of sepaxate inventions some of which form l:he subject matter of previously described issued patents and copending commonly assigned applications including Canadian Serial No.530,588 - 20 entitled "Concurrent On-Line Irradiation Treat.ment Process"; U.S. Paten~. No. 4,897,789 entitled "Electronic Device For Authenticat.ing And Verifying . Disposable Elements"; U.S. Patent No. 4,705,498 entitled "Disposable Temperature Probe For Photoactivation Patient Treatment System"; U.S.
Patent No. 4,681,568 entitled "Improved Valve Apparatus For Photoactivation Patient Treatment System"; U.S. Patent No. 4,692,138 entitled " Pump Block" For Interfacing Ixradiation Chamber to Photoactivation Patient Treatment System";
.~! Canadian Serial No. 530,582 enti~led "Demountable.
Pexistaltic Pump For Photoactivation Patient Treatment System"; U.S. Patent No. 4,687,464 entitled "Zero Insertion Force Socket For , ............................................ .

1 32~i66'0 Photoactivation Patient Treatment System" and U.S.
Patent No, 4,737,140 entitled "Irradiation Chamber For Photoactiva~ion Patient Treatment System".

The operation of the device and performance of the methods can be divided into two basic phases or modes, depicted in part by Figure 1. The first phase is shown substantially in Figure 1 wherein the patient is connected at the po.int shown, preferably by venipuncture or the like methods well-known and developed to a high degree in the dialysis arts. Patient blood, as it flows to the apparatus 10 (alternatively refer.red to herein as the puvapheresis apparatus or system) is preferably ~: infused, under control of pump 11, with an ~ 15 anticoagulant agent contained in container 20 hung - from stand 15. Control of the flow of patient blood to the remainder of apparatus 10 is controlled largely by clamping means 16a which has the dual function of also controlling flow in the reverse direction as well as flow to return container 21. Clamp 16a acts as an "or" valve.

Normally the blood flows through tubing 24 through blood pump 12 (preferably a roller pump such as that described in U.S. Patent No. 4,487,558 to Troutner entitled "Impxoved Pexistaltic Pump") into continuous centrifuge 13. This continuous centrifuge, available commercially from supplie.rs such as Dideco, Haemonetics and others, is preferably capable of continuously separating blood based on the differing densities of the individual ;,I blood components. "Continuously", as used herein means that, as blood flows into the centrifuge through line 24, it accumulates within the rotating centrifuge bowl and is separated so that low density components are emitted after a certain . ,. ~, .. .

1 3236~
- 8a -minimum volume has been reached within the centr.ifuge bowl and as additional blood is added.
Thus, the continuous ~f ~ 1 32366~

centriuge in erfect acts as a hybrid between a pure online system and a pure batch system. This occurs because the centrifuge bowl has a capacity to hold most, if not all, of the most dense portion, typically erythrocytes or red blood cells while emitting lower density portions such as plasma and leukocytes (white blood cells) as whole blood is continuously added. At some point, however, the reservoir volume of the cent~ifuge is filled with the higher density components and further separation cannot be efectively obtained.
Prior to that point, the operator, by viewing the uppermost portion of the centriuge bowl through the centrifuge cover, can detect qualitatively when the centrifuge emits plasma (as opposed to priming solution), leukocyte enriched portions and the remainder, i.e., nonleukocyte enriched portions, including erythrocyte enriched portions. Based on the operator ' 6 observations, he or she enters through control panel 19 (specifically via panel portion 42) the identification of the individual blood portions as they are emitted from the centrifuge.
This information is entered by keys 44 (e.g. PLASMA, BUF~'Y
COAT or leukocyte enriched portion) on control panel 19, and in response thereto, the apparatus 10 controls valve mechanism 16c to direct the leukocyte enriched portion and a predetermined volume of plasma into plasma-leukocyte enriched container 22 while excess plasma, air, priming fluids, erythrocytes etc. are directed to container 21.

Once the centrifuge is no longer capable of further - 30 separation due to the attainment of its capacity, the operator directs that the bowl be emptied by suitable data key entry on panel 19 and the fluid contents of centriuge 13 are advantageously pumped into return container 21 by means o pump 12 under the control of valves 16a and c.
The foregoing steps may be repeated a number of times or -cycles before the desired volume of leukocyte enriched blood and plasma is obtained for further treatment, in each instance the undesired portions being collec~ed in return container 21.

Between cycles, the fluids, including erythrocytes which have been pumped into return bag 21 are gravity fed back to the patient through a drip infusion operation and controlled by valve 16b. It is preierred that gravity feed be employed rather than pumping the blood back to the patient via pump 12 in order to avoid potential pressuriza~ion problems at the infusion insertion site at the patient, and also to avoid foaming or other air related dangers.
As may be already appreciated, when initially set up, the centrifuge bowl and line 24 may be expected to contain sterilized air which is preierably removed by suitable priming operations advantageously accomplished by utilizing the anticoagulation agent in container 20; both the air and a portion of priming solution being collected in container 21.

Also to be noted is the predetermination of the desired leukocyte enriched volumes and plasma volume to be collected within container 22 as well as the number of cycles to be employed to collect same. These volumes are selected largely in accordance with the individual volume capacities of the containers as well as the treatment chamber to be described later. Accordingly, these volumes are set in order to preferably optimize handling eficiency and to ensure patient saiety. For instance, one preferred selection would include the following settings: 250 ml total buffy coat or leukocyte enriched portion and 300 ml of plasma to be collected within container 22. This might require any number of cycles, preferably on the order of three or four, bearing in mind that the more cycles that are selected, the lower the total volume of blood withdrawn from the patient at any one time. If blood collection meets the minimum capacity limits of the centrifuge bowl, the patient's capacity to withstand temporary blood volume depletions and the treatment procedure in general is increased. Further, more cycles will permit more discriminating selection of leukocyte enriched blood as it is emitted from the centrifuge. The buffy coat and plasma volumes as well as the number of cycles are typically physician selected.
Accordingly, the controls governing these selections are preferably placed within the apparatus 10, such as behind door 18a where their inadvertent alteration may be advantageously avoided, especially since no operator interaction is normally required with respect to these data inputs.

The leukocyte enriched container 22 is connected via tubing line 34 to the flat plate treatment irradiation chamber behind assembly door 17 with a return line 35 to reservoir container 22.

2S Referring now to Figure 2, the leukocyte enriched blood, plasma, and priming solution contained in reservoir 22 (Figure 1) is delivered through line 34 to the inlet 209 of the flat plate irradiator 200. The cavity in the flat plate is relatively "thin" (e.g. on the order of - 30 approximately 0.04 inch) in order to present large surface area of leukocyte rich blood to irradiation and reduce the self-shielding ef~ects encountered with lower surface area/volume ratios. The fluid flows upward through the serpentine pathway in cavity 208 in the irradiation chamber to the outlet 210. While a serpentine pathway is , ~ 3236~0 .

preerred in order to avoid or minimi~e stagnant areas of flow, other arrangements are contemplated. Tubing from the outlet 211 passes through the pump block 201 desc~i~ed`in g~eaJcer de~ai-l in U.S. Patenl No. 4,6g2,138, 5 affixed to the end of the flat plate i~adiator 200, and then connects to retu~n line 3S which returns- . -fluids from the i~radiation chamber to con~ainer 22.

Recirculation pump rotor 203, which is located internally in the machine (mounting not shown), engages the tubing in the pump block in the semi-circulac tract 212 and thereby provides and controls the recirculating flow o~ fluid, from container 22 up through irradiation chamber 200 and ' back to container 22. In a preferred embodiment, a metal . 15 segment 220 in the tubing line from outlet 211 ; inco-?oxates a the.~mocouple 213 des~~jbed mo.re fully in u.s. Paten~:~o. 4,705,498 which permits monito*ing of ` t~e fluid temperatu~e.

,. 20 Sterile air initially contained in the irradiation chamber cavity 208 is displaced by entering fluid and stored in .. the top o container 22. By reversing the rotation of . recirculation pump rotor 203, the air 6tored in container 22 can be pumped back into the outlet 210 o the chamber 200 thereby displacing all fluids back into container 2~.
once 1uid is initially delivered to container 22, the recirculation pump rotor 203 is energized filling the irradiation cavity 208 and displacing sterile air to container 22. When the irradiation chamber i6 filled and BUFFY COAT button 44 on panel 19 is pressed, the light array assembly which surrounds the irradiation chamber i6 i~ energized. Continued operation of the recirculation pump rotor 203 continuously recirculates the leukocyte enriched fluid from container 22 through the chamber for receiving ~' .

photoactivating radiation irom the energized light array assembly 901 (Figure 3) and back to container 22.

Figure 3, illustrating the light array assembly 401 from a bottom view, shows two rows, in the most preerred embodiment although one row can be used, of radiation source 400 powered through contacts 216. Such sources are conveniently chosen so that illumination is reasonably constant over the entire irradiation cavity 208 (~'igure 2). Suitable sources include the Sylvania FR15~'T8/350BL/~10~108 with 2011 phosphorus bulb which is in the so-called fluorescent tube form. As is apparant ~rom Figure 3, the irradiation chamber 200 61ides between the rows oi radiation source 400 so that pump block 201 engages pump rotor 203 driven by motor 250.

Thus, photoactivation of the leukocyte enriched ~luid by ~: irradiation is initiated at the outset and continues through and after the collection and separation process.
In the most preferred mode, the light array assembly will comprise source6 oi ultraviolet radiation, mofit preerably ~- of the UVA type for activating the photoactivatable agent presently of choice, 8-methoxy psoralen.

The 1at plate irradiation chamber treatment module is described more fully in U.S.~Pa~én~ ~o. 4r737~14~.

In operation, and with respect to Figure 1, the exposure time on the right hand portion oi the panel 19 i6 set in accordance with physician determined criter~a. The central 1I control means of the apparatus 10, calculates and display6 .~7 . ..

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on one section of the panel 19, via central processing unit and memory stored sotware, the exposure time remaining at the onset of irradiation treatment and as the treatment progresses. Another section o the control panel also includes three operator controlled entry data keys whereby the operator can de-energize the light assembly array and stop the recirculation process if desired.
Actual photoirradiation treatment preferably commences automatically under control of the central processing unit when fluid is first directed to container 22, continues while leukocyte enriched blood portion from container 22 is pumped through the irradiation chamber back into container Z2, and terminates when the preset exposure time has expired. At that time, the light array assembly is de-energized and the recirculation pump reverses emptying ~; the contents of the irradiation chamber 200 into container 22.
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Thereafter container 22 is ideally removed to stand 15 where it is connected to tube 36, provided on the common drip chamber 21a also associated with return container 21, for reinfusion of the treated blood portion in~o the patient.

To enhance patient safety and decrease the risk of contamination to the patient blood and blood portions, each time a connection is made or broken, it is preferably only done once. Thus, container 22 would ideally have four connection points or ports: one for the collection of the leukocyte enriched blood portion, two for connection to the flat plate irradiation chamber (feed and return), and the fourth for connection to the drip chamber (21a) for reinfusion of treated blood to the patient.

With further reference to Figure 1, the control panel 19 of the apparatus lo is shown with the keyboard entry buttons 44, each ideally having a light which, when lit, preerably indicates the stage of the operation.
Advantageously, the keyboard entry buttons 44 are preferably placed in sequential order thereby assisting the operator in learning the system and performing the steps in the correct order. Indeed, the central control microprocessor or computer will preferably be programmed to prevent out of step sequences from being implemented.
A visual display indicates the volume of leukocyte enriched blood collected in container 22.
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Panel 19 will preferably also contain a power switch, as well as a blood pump speed control whereby the operator may select the speed with which the blood is withdrawn from the patient and pumped through the system during collection. Also preferably included is an alpha-numeric display for indicating the machine's status and identi~ying alarm conditions throughout system operation.
Optional accessory status lights, preferably provided in green, yellow, and red colors, provide at a glance the overall operating status of apparatus 10. Further included is a mute/reset button for quieting an audible alarm activated in the event an alarm condition occurs and operator input is required.

Other features may be readily apparent from the drawings such as the preferable inclusion of casters and caster brakes for enhancing the mobility of the apparatus.
Further, side panel 23 will preferably include mechanical means (e.g. hanging pegs and the like) for assisting in the securement of container 22. It may also optionally be outfitted with a transparent or translucent opening 18b in the area beneath container 22 for providing at a glance . ~, .

in~ormation regarding the illumination status o~ the irradiation treatment chamber during the treatment phase.
F'or instance, if the window is of suficient size, the operator may readily determine that each irradiation 5 source within the treatment chamber is illuminated as desired. Naturally, the material comprising such window is preferably selected in order to contain harmful radiation, if any, within apparatus 10.

10 The aforedescribed photopheresis blood treatment apparatus is made largely possible by an automated control method f for directing the blood portions, derived from the continuous centri~uge, into particular containers. The automated method performs in accordance with preset volume 15 determinations which are manually entered behind panel 18a pursuant to a physician~s direction. These predetermined volumes speciy the volume to be contained within container 22 by setting forth the volume of plasma and the volume of leukocyte enriched blood portion to be directed 20 thereto. Additionally included within these condition setting parameters is preferably the ability to set forth the number of cycles of blood collection and separation .'; required or desired in order to obtain the desired blood volumes.
The volumes collected are determined in accordance with the blood volume pumped by the blood pump, This may be suitably monitored and communicated to the central control means by speci-fically monitoring the number of step pulses 30 input to the pump to cause rotations of the blood pump.
Typically, 200 pulses re~ults in one revolution. Rotation may also be conveniently monitored such as by attachment of a slotted disk to the shaft and the passage of slots determined by an optical sensor means such as that 35 described in ~.S. Patent No. 4,623,328.

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and by monito:r.i ng shaft rotation .
l'he resultant periodic signal may be conveniently correlated with speed and number of rotations by circuit designs well-known in the art. The number of rotations by ` 5 any of the foregoing methods coupled "with the known volume pumping characteristics of the pump, will provide ~' the necessary information regarding the volume of blood ; pumped. It will readily be appreciated that the sensors need not be optical but may be electronic or mechanical 10 instead.

ln actual operation, a most preerred procedure would be as follows. The operator presses the P~IME CENT. key on control panel section 19 which primes the tubing set, the 15 blood pump, and the centrifuge with the anticoagulation solution contained in container 20, Displaced 6terile air ~- is collected in container 21. When priming solution emerges from the exit o the centrifuge, the operator presses PRIME U.V. key on control panel section q2 which 20 closes the tubing line to container 21 and opens the tubing line to container 22 by means of valve 16c.
~ , Xecirculation roller pump rotor 203 is energized to prime ; '; the ~lat plate irradiation chamber and displace sterile air to container 22. The priming process stops 25 automatically after a preset volume of fluid is delivered to container 22.

Blood collection is started by the operator pressing START
key on control panel 19. Thereafter, blood is withdrawn from the patient and pumped by the blood pump into the rotating centrifuge. A~ the blood enter6 the centrifuge, ~i! it displaces the priming solution which emerges first in accordance with it~ preerably lighter den6ity. This priming solution is automatically directed into container 22 until a preset volume is delivered, after which the .
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- ' ~18-emerging solution is redirected to container 21 by means of valve 16c. At some point, the priming solution will be completely displaced from the rotating centrifuge and plasma will begin to emerge. This emergence may be directly observed through port 14 whereupon the operator presses the PLASMA key on control panel 19. Thereafter, the central control means au~omatically directs the plasma into container 22 by altering valve 16c keeping track of the volume as it does so since the volume entering the centrifuge equals the volume emerging therefrom. This continues until the operator indicates the leukocyte enriched portion, i.e. buffy coat has begun by pressing the respective data entry key in control panel section 42 whereupon, the leukocyte enriched portion continues to - 15 container 22, however, the volume so directed is monitored as bufy coat volume. Alternately, i all of the predetermined plasma volume is collected prior to the emergence of the buffy coat, then the central control means automatically diverts, by valve 16c, the emerging plasma fluid stream to container 21. In that instance, upon the emergence of the buffy coat and the keying of the BUFFY COAT data entry switch 44, the central control means diverts the emerging buffy coat into container 22, by means of valve 16c, again keeping track of its volume.
The collection of the buy coat will preferably continue in accordance with both the predetermined buffy coat volume as well as the number of cycles, another condition predetermined by the physician. If this most preferred embodiment is employed, then a representative example might be as follows. Assume, that the predetermined volume and cycle conditions are set as follows: 350 mls of plasma, 250 mls of buffy coat, and 5 cycles. In each cycle, the apparatus will collect 250/5 or 50 mls of buffy coat before ending the cycle and thereupon emptying the -- 1 32366~

centrifuge bowl and returning all nonleukocyte fluids, predominantly erythrocytes and perhaps excess plasma, to the patient. Prior to the collection of the 50 mls, plasma will emerge from the centrifuge and will be s collected in container 22 either until the full 350 mls are collected or, until the buffy coat emerges.

During the next cycle, the central control means will direct the further collection of plasma, if needed, in order to reach the 350 ml predetermined volume and then collect an additional 50 mls of buffy coat. The total volume to be contained within container 22, will then equal 600 mls and would be indicated on display 46 as it is accumulated.
l'hus, the instant invention serves to automatically keep track of the volumes as they are collected thereby facilitating the institùtion of a convenient number of cycles whereby the removal of large blood volumes from the patient is avoided. Not only is patient safety enhanced thereby, but the automated nature of the procedure further increases safety since, in accordance with the programmed conditions supplied to the central control microprocessor, the operator need not attempt to keep track of plasma and leukocyte enriched volumes collected, while still being assured that the final solution for treatment will contain the predetecmined and desirable leukocyte concentration.

The foregoing described automated methods used in the photopheresis apparatus described with respect to Figure 1 depends heavily upon the instant inventions, in particular a removable and disposable light array assembly for receiving the flat plate irradiation chamber and providing photoactivating radiation thereto.

, ' ' With speci~ic reference to Figure 4, the most preferred arrangement of the light array assembly is shown. A
plurality of "fluorescent light" type lamps 400, pre~erably ultraviolet (U.V.) for activating psoralen but in any case, selected to photoactivate the activatable agent being employed, are mounted between two single sided iberglass printed circuit boards 402 and 402'. The top and bottom circuit boards, 402 and 402' respectively, have tracks 207 for receiving in sliding arrangement the flat plate irradiator 200 (Figure 5). In the most preferred arrangement there are 22 irradiation sources or lamps arranged in, ideally, two rows of 11 for providing photoactivating illumination to both sides of the 1at plate irradiator when slidably mounted in tracks 207.
Track 207 is attached or molded into each circuit board and runs lengthwise along the central plane of the array.
In the preferred arrangement, the irradiation sources are U.V. lamps o~ an internal reflector type arranged such ; that the emitted radiation is directed inward toward the central plane of the array where the flat plate irradiator is mounted. Pin contacts on each bulb 400 extend through the circuit boards and are advantageously solder connected to the circuitry of circuit boards 402 and 402'. As much as possible, the circuit boards are preferably cut away between the lamps to provide a plurality of holes 404 through which cooling air can flow through the array with minimal resistance. Electrical connection to the lamps is accomplished by plated circuitry extending from the lamp pins 403 to the finger type contacts 216 at the edge of the circuit board. Offset key slots 405 prevent the light array assembly from being installed upside down in the patient treatment apparatus of Figure 1, which would give incorrect electrical connections.

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~n the mos~ preferred embodi~ent as descr~bed in U.S. Patent No. 4,897,7~9, memory device i~egra~ed circuit chip 215 is installed on one of the circuit boards 5 to retain encoded information specific for the particular liqht array assembly such as type, serial number, certification number and usage time. The memory device is electronically connected to the central control processor also by finger contacts 216 which engage in electrical 10 contact sockets (not shown) with the patient treatment f system shown in Figure 1. Two of the finger contacts are ; connected directly together by a plated circuit path 406 so that the array, when installed in the patient treatment system complete a circuit which signals the central . 15 control means that a light array assembly is installed properly within the photopheresis patient treatment apparatus.

Numerous advantages are obtained by the present 20 invention. The lamps and circuit boards constitute a rigid and easily handled assembly requiring no additional structural elements. This provides maximum ease of ;: handling and assembly at minimum costs. The complete array of lamps can be installed in one simple plug-in step 25 making lamp replacemenet by less trained personnel a simple procedure. Moreover, the preferred embodiment makes it quite difficult to only partially change a lamp array, for example one or two lamps, thereby ensuring a safe and efectiye irradiation field o known history and ' 30 perormance. ~arge and numerous openings in the array structure facilitate proper cooling of the lamps and t irradiation chamber. Central tracks provide proper positioning of the irradiation cham~er at an optimal distance to the lamps determined in accordance with the 35 thickness of the irradiation chamber and predetermined ., ,. I

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` 1 323660 experimental evaluation o photoactivating efficiency.
Directly connected contacts signal proper array installation while optimal key slots assist in preventing incorrect installation. Advantageously, the incorporated memory device provides information for the central control of the appaeatus to determine authenticity and suitability of the light array assembly for initial use, as well as remaining effective usage life. The memory device also identifies variations in the type of light array, e.g.
di~ezent lamps for providing dif~erent activating wavelength radiation for different photoactivatable agents which might signal corresponding variations in treatment procedures, irradiation times and the like.

Upon study of the accompanying figures, and the foregoing j description, it will become readily apparent to the ,~ skilled artisan that numerous alternatives may be made to the foregoing such as diferent number of lamps in the array, or utilizing only a single row o lamps in the array, etc. without departing from either the spirit or scope of the instant invention.
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Claims (6)

1. A light array assembly for use in a patient treatment system for altering cells including treating the cells with a photoactivatable agent and irradiating said cells and said agent whereby said agent is caused to be activated and to affect said cells, said agent and cells during irradiation being contained in an irradiation chamber, comprising a top printed circuit board and a bottom printed circuit board having mounted therebetween and connected thereto a plurality of radiation sources for providing photoactivating illumination, each of said printed circuit boards having a plurality of contacts adapted to receive power for energizing said radiation sources.

2. The assembly as described in claim 1 wherein said circuit boards further comprise plated circuitry, said irradiation sources are of tubular design, each end thereof containing at least one contact pin for receiving power, and wherein said plated circuitry connects said pins to said means for receiving power.

3. The array of claim 2 wherein said circuit boards further comprise track means for receiving said irradiation chamber.

4. The array of claim 3 wherein said array further comprises integrated circuit means for providing information characteristic for said array.

5. The array as described in claim 4 wherein said plurality of irradiation sources are arranged to have a planar space therebetween for receiving said irradiation chamber and wherein said track means passes between said plurality of irradiation sources, and wherein said circuit board means further comprises orientation means for preventing incorrect mounting of said array in said patient treatment system.

6. The array of claim 2 wherein said irradiation sources provide ultraviolet radiation.