CA1325596C - Non-aqueous topical composition containing an ester of pyroglutamic acid - Google Patents
Non-aqueous topical composition containing an ester of pyroglutamic acidInfo
- Publication number
- CA1325596C CA1325596C CA000599220A CA599220A CA1325596C CA 1325596 C CA1325596 C CA 1325596C CA 000599220 A CA000599220 A CA 000599220A CA 599220 A CA599220 A CA 599220A CA 1325596 C CA1325596 C CA 1325596C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- ester
- pyroglutamoyloxy
- pyroglutamic acid
- acid
- ethyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
- A61K8/4906—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with one nitrogen as the only hetero atom
- A61K8/4913—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with one nitrogen as the only hetero atom having five membered rings, e.g. pyrrolidone carboxylic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q7/00—Preparations for affecting hair growth
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A non-aqueous drug-free composition for topical application to human skin comprises:
(i) a special ester of pyroglutamic acid; and (ii) a cosmetically acceptable non-aqueous vehicle.
A non-aqueous drug-free composition for topical application to human skin comprises:
(i) a special ester of pyroglutamic acid; and (ii) a cosmetically acceptable non-aqueous vehicle.
Description
~ 1 3255~
COSMETIC COMPOSITION
FIELD OF INVENTION
,.
~ he invention relates to non-aqueous compositions ccntaining an ester of pyroglutamic acid for topical application to human skin or hair.
~AC~ROUND AND PRIOR ART
------~
Pyroglutamic acid ~also known as 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid) is the principle inqredient of the "natural moisturising factor" that enables the stratum corneum of the skin to maintain a high water content despite low external humidity. Pyroglutamic acid applied topically to the skin has a temporary moisturising effect, but it is easily washed away and gives no long term ~kin benefit.
The use of certain esters of pyroglutamic acid as auxiliary ag~nts for acceleratinc absorption of drugs through the skin i8 described in JA 60-214744 ~Nitto Denki Kogyo KK.
~ ' ~,, ' ,.
, . .. ..
. ''' ;' ' ~ :.': ', 3 2 ~
Cosmetics containing one or more compounds obtained by the esterification of 2-pyrrolidone-5-carhoxylic acid (PCA) and a fatty acid chosen fro~ straight chain higher fatty acids are described in JA 57-185209 (Nisshin Seiyu KK) for contributing to the natural moisturising factor (NMF) present in the horny layer of the skin, part of which NM~ is characterised as a salt of PCA.
Certain esters of pyroglutamic acid described in EP-A-0 176 217 (Unilever) are stated to be analogues of naturally occuring N-terminal pyroglutamic peptides.
These naturally ocurring peptides are substrates for the enzvme pyroglutamic acid peptidase which represent one ~-route of pvroglutamic acid synthesis in the stratum corneum: ~See: J G ~arrett and I R Scott (1983), "Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid synthesis in guinea pig epidermis", J Invest. Dermatol. 81, 122].
These esters are stated to penetrate readily into the stratum corneum, and there provide a substrate for this erzyme at the normal site of pyroglutamic acid synthesis, that is, inside the cells of the stratum corneum.
There are, however, certain disadvantages in e~ploying products hased on these prior proposals; these are firstly, in aqueous systems, there is a tendency for hydrolysis of the ester of pyroglutamic acid to occur prematurely, so that the free acid, pyroglutamic acid, is present in the composition, and its benefit prior to application to the skin is thereby at best relatively short lived, and secondly, that the presence of drugs in topical products can sevexely limit their cosmetic usefulness.
3 2 ~
We have now discovered that the stability of esters of pyroqlutamic acid can be ~iqnificantly improved and the general cosmetic use widened, by formulating them in a non-aque~us composition (that iæ one in which the amount of water present does not exceed 5% by weight of the composition), which otherwise contains no molecule that could be classed as a drug, thereby limiting its cosmetic usefuln~ss.
Evidence in support of the preference for a non-aqueous composition to provide enhanced ætability for the ester, ~ompared wi~h compositions containing >5%
water, is given later in this specification.
~e have, furthermore, found that the ester of pvroglutamic aci~ p~netrates more readilv ~nto the stratum corneum than doeæ the free acld, the penetrated ester bein~ enz~rmically cleaved, as alread~ stated, to vield pyro~luta~i~ acid in situ in the stratum corneum, thereby to augment that which ?0 ~ccurs naturallv in this region of the skin. Evi~ence ~o ;~
cupporf this observation is give later in this specification.
DEFTN~TION OF T~ INVFNTION
Accordinglv, the invention provideæ a non-aqueous ~rug-free composition for topical application to human skin which comprises:
(i) fr~ 0.01 to 99~ by weight of an ester of pvroqlutamic acid having the structure:
0 ~ C-0-R
1432~ J 3074 where R is a linear or branched chain saturated or unsaturated alcohol group having from 1 to 30 carbon ~:
atoms, R' o : :
or the group: -C~-C-OR"
where R' and R" are the same or different and are each represented by H or the group: ~-3)U~(cH2oH)v~(c~i2)wf(c~c~3)x~(cHoH) ,ICH=CH) ] _ (2) 5 where u is zero, or 1 v is zero, or 1 w is zero, or an integer of from 1 to 21 x is zero, or an integer of from 1 to 4 y is zero, or an inteaer of from 1 to 2 ~0 ~ is zero, or an integer of from 1 to 4: and u + v + w ~ x + y + z is an integer of from 1 to 22;
the subgroups within the group ~2) being in any sequence:
provided that when the subgroup (CH=CH) is present, then the total number of carbon atoms in said group (2) will be from 10 to 20; and (ii) from 1 to 99.99~ by weight of a cosmetically acceptable non-aqueous vehicle.
DISCLOSURE OE' TH~ INVENTION
It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide a non-aqueous compo~ition which i~ suitable for topical ~: .
3 ~ l~
_ 5 _ J 3074 application to human skin, including the lip~, mucosae and scalp, and to human hair, comprising certain esters of pyro~lutamic acid in a non-aqueous vehicle.
5~ By "non-a~ueous" is m~ant that the composition accordin~
to the invention will contain no more than 5% by weight of water. Preferably, the composition will contain no more that 3%, most preferably no more than 2% by weight of water.
The esters of pyroglutamic acid ~ -Examples of suitabl~ esters of pyroglutamic acid where ~ in structure (1) is a ~1 to C30 linear or bxanched chain alkyl group are:
pyroglutamic acid methyl ester pyroglutamic acid ethyl ester pyrog]utamic acid n-propyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-butyl ester pvrog~utamic acid n-hexyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-heptyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-octyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-nonyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-decyl ester -~
pyroglut.amic acid n-undecyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-dodecyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-tridecyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-tetradecyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-hexadecyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-octadecyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-eicosyl ester pyroglutamic acid iso-propyl ester pyroglutamic acid 2-methylhexyl ester pyroglutamic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester pyroglutamic acid 3,7-dimethyloctyl ester --- 132~9~
pyroglutamic acid 2-hexyldecyl ester --.
pyroglutamic acid 2-octyldodecyl ester pyroglutamic acid 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentane ester pyroglutamic acid methyloctyl ester.
:
Particularly preferred esters of this group are those where R in structure (1) is C1 to C14 alkyl, (linear or branched), especially Cl to C6 alkyl ~linear or branched).
Examples of the group (2) include straight and branched chain, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic groups having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, such as the alkyl groups:
methyl ethvl propyl iso-propyl butyl iso-butyl n-~aleryl iso-valeryl n-caproyl n-heptyl -~S n-caprylyl n-capryl - :
lauryl myristyl palmityl stearyl arachidyl, and behenyl~
and the Cl0-22 alkenyl groups:
~, . , ., . , ., . .. ... .... ,.. ~ . . ... .. . . . , , .. .. .. , , . , . ., . . , . ,, ~ . . .. ... .
- 132a59~ -lin~ le)rl linoleny~
~-lino.lenyl arachidonyl, and -.
columbinyl.
Exa~ples of the group (2) also include hydroxyalkyl groups having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, such as:
hydroxymethyl 2-hydroxyethyl 2-hydroxy-n-propvl 3-hyaroxv-n-propyl 2-hydroxy-n-butyl 3-hydroxy-n-butvl 4-hydroxy-n-butyl :.
COSMETIC COMPOSITION
FIELD OF INVENTION
,.
~ he invention relates to non-aqueous compositions ccntaining an ester of pyroglutamic acid for topical application to human skin or hair.
~AC~ROUND AND PRIOR ART
------~
Pyroglutamic acid ~also known as 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid) is the principle inqredient of the "natural moisturising factor" that enables the stratum corneum of the skin to maintain a high water content despite low external humidity. Pyroglutamic acid applied topically to the skin has a temporary moisturising effect, but it is easily washed away and gives no long term ~kin benefit.
The use of certain esters of pyroglutamic acid as auxiliary ag~nts for acceleratinc absorption of drugs through the skin i8 described in JA 60-214744 ~Nitto Denki Kogyo KK.
~ ' ~,, ' ,.
, . .. ..
. ''' ;' ' ~ :.': ', 3 2 ~
Cosmetics containing one or more compounds obtained by the esterification of 2-pyrrolidone-5-carhoxylic acid (PCA) and a fatty acid chosen fro~ straight chain higher fatty acids are described in JA 57-185209 (Nisshin Seiyu KK) for contributing to the natural moisturising factor (NMF) present in the horny layer of the skin, part of which NM~ is characterised as a salt of PCA.
Certain esters of pyroglutamic acid described in EP-A-0 176 217 (Unilever) are stated to be analogues of naturally occuring N-terminal pyroglutamic peptides.
These naturally ocurring peptides are substrates for the enzvme pyroglutamic acid peptidase which represent one ~-route of pvroglutamic acid synthesis in the stratum corneum: ~See: J G ~arrett and I R Scott (1983), "Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid synthesis in guinea pig epidermis", J Invest. Dermatol. 81, 122].
These esters are stated to penetrate readily into the stratum corneum, and there provide a substrate for this erzyme at the normal site of pyroglutamic acid synthesis, that is, inside the cells of the stratum corneum.
There are, however, certain disadvantages in e~ploying products hased on these prior proposals; these are firstly, in aqueous systems, there is a tendency for hydrolysis of the ester of pyroglutamic acid to occur prematurely, so that the free acid, pyroglutamic acid, is present in the composition, and its benefit prior to application to the skin is thereby at best relatively short lived, and secondly, that the presence of drugs in topical products can sevexely limit their cosmetic usefulness.
3 2 ~
We have now discovered that the stability of esters of pyroqlutamic acid can be ~iqnificantly improved and the general cosmetic use widened, by formulating them in a non-aque~us composition (that iæ one in which the amount of water present does not exceed 5% by weight of the composition), which otherwise contains no molecule that could be classed as a drug, thereby limiting its cosmetic usefuln~ss.
Evidence in support of the preference for a non-aqueous composition to provide enhanced ætability for the ester, ~ompared wi~h compositions containing >5%
water, is given later in this specification.
~e have, furthermore, found that the ester of pvroglutamic aci~ p~netrates more readilv ~nto the stratum corneum than doeæ the free acld, the penetrated ester bein~ enz~rmically cleaved, as alread~ stated, to vield pyro~luta~i~ acid in situ in the stratum corneum, thereby to augment that which ?0 ~ccurs naturallv in this region of the skin. Evi~ence ~o ;~
cupporf this observation is give later in this specification.
DEFTN~TION OF T~ INVFNTION
Accordinglv, the invention provideæ a non-aqueous ~rug-free composition for topical application to human skin which comprises:
(i) fr~ 0.01 to 99~ by weight of an ester of pvroqlutamic acid having the structure:
0 ~ C-0-R
1432~ J 3074 where R is a linear or branched chain saturated or unsaturated alcohol group having from 1 to 30 carbon ~:
atoms, R' o : :
or the group: -C~-C-OR"
where R' and R" are the same or different and are each represented by H or the group: ~-3)U~(cH2oH)v~(c~i2)wf(c~c~3)x~(cHoH) ,ICH=CH) ] _ (2) 5 where u is zero, or 1 v is zero, or 1 w is zero, or an integer of from 1 to 21 x is zero, or an integer of from 1 to 4 y is zero, or an inteaer of from 1 to 2 ~0 ~ is zero, or an integer of from 1 to 4: and u + v + w ~ x + y + z is an integer of from 1 to 22;
the subgroups within the group ~2) being in any sequence:
provided that when the subgroup (CH=CH) is present, then the total number of carbon atoms in said group (2) will be from 10 to 20; and (ii) from 1 to 99.99~ by weight of a cosmetically acceptable non-aqueous vehicle.
DISCLOSURE OE' TH~ INVENTION
It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide a non-aqueous compo~ition which i~ suitable for topical ~: .
3 ~ l~
_ 5 _ J 3074 application to human skin, including the lip~, mucosae and scalp, and to human hair, comprising certain esters of pyro~lutamic acid in a non-aqueous vehicle.
5~ By "non-a~ueous" is m~ant that the composition accordin~
to the invention will contain no more than 5% by weight of water. Preferably, the composition will contain no more that 3%, most preferably no more than 2% by weight of water.
The esters of pyroglutamic acid ~ -Examples of suitabl~ esters of pyroglutamic acid where ~ in structure (1) is a ~1 to C30 linear or bxanched chain alkyl group are:
pyroglutamic acid methyl ester pyroglutamic acid ethyl ester pyrog]utamic acid n-propyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-butyl ester pvrog~utamic acid n-hexyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-heptyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-octyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-nonyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-decyl ester -~
pyroglut.amic acid n-undecyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-dodecyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-tridecyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-tetradecyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-hexadecyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-octadecyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-eicosyl ester pyroglutamic acid iso-propyl ester pyroglutamic acid 2-methylhexyl ester pyroglutamic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester pyroglutamic acid 3,7-dimethyloctyl ester --- 132~9~
pyroglutamic acid 2-hexyldecyl ester --.
pyroglutamic acid 2-octyldodecyl ester pyroglutamic acid 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentane ester pyroglutamic acid methyloctyl ester.
:
Particularly preferred esters of this group are those where R in structure (1) is C1 to C14 alkyl, (linear or branched), especially Cl to C6 alkyl ~linear or branched).
Examples of the group (2) include straight and branched chain, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic groups having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, such as the alkyl groups:
methyl ethvl propyl iso-propyl butyl iso-butyl n-~aleryl iso-valeryl n-caproyl n-heptyl -~S n-caprylyl n-capryl - :
lauryl myristyl palmityl stearyl arachidyl, and behenyl~
and the Cl0-22 alkenyl groups:
~, . , ., . , ., . .. ... .... ,.. ~ . . ... .. . . . , , .. .. .. , , . , . ., . . , . ,, ~ . . .. ... .
- 132a59~ -lin~ le)rl linoleny~
~-lino.lenyl arachidonyl, and -.
columbinyl.
Exa~ples of the group (2) also include hydroxyalkyl groups having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, such as:
hydroxymethyl 2-hydroxyethyl 2-hydroxy-n-propvl 3-hyaroxv-n-propyl 2-hydroxy-n-butyl 3-hydroxy-n-butvl 4-hydroxy-n-butyl :.
5-hydroxy-n-valeryl ...
6-hvdroxy-n-caproyl :
2C 2,3-dihydroxy-n-propyl 2,3-dihydroxy-n-butyl ~.2-hydroxystearyl.
Further specific examples of e~ters of pyroglutamic 25 acid containing the group: ~' O ~.
-CH-C-OR" are:
2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-propionic acid methvl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-acetate ethyl-2-[pyroqlutamoyloxy]-n-propionate : .
ethyl-2-[pvroglutamoyloxy]-n-butyrate .-ethyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-i~o-butyrate ethyl-2-~pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-valerate ~.
ethyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-caproate ':
ethyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-heptvlate .:.~
' ' :: ' ::': .
'.-.~'.'. ;:' ;: ' '", , ' :,-:-,' --- 132~
ethyl-2-~pvroglutamoyloxy]-n-caprvlate ethyl-2-Epyroglutamoyloxy]-n-pelargonate ethyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-3-hydroxybutyrate is~-propyl-2 [pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-propionate iso-propyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-caprylate n-propyl-2-~pyroglutamoyloxy~-n-propionate n-propyl-2-[pyroglutamoylo~y]-n-caprylate ~tearyl-2-~pyroglutamoyloxy)-n-propionate 12-hydroxystearyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy~-n-propionate stear~yl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy~-n-stearate palmityl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-propionate linoleyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-~-propionate lino~eyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy~-n-caprylate lauryl-2~[pyrnglutamoyloxy]-n-caprylate stearyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-caprylate glyceryl mono(2-~pyroglutamoyloxy]-n propionate) qlyceryl mono(2-[pvroglutamoyloxy]-n-caprylate), and glyceryl di(2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-propionate).
It is to he understood that the above list of specific exa~pleF of esters of pvroglutamic acid is not exhaustive, there being many other examples expressed by the generic structure of these esters.
The amount of the esters of pyroglutamic acid or mixtures thereof to be emploved in accordance with the invention, will normally be from 0.01 to 99%, preferably from 0.1 to 20~ and most preferablv from 0.2 to 2~ by wei~ht o~ the composition.
The ~on-Aqueous Vehicle The composition according to the invention also comprise~ a solid, semi-solid or liq~uid cosmetically .
~- 132~
_ g _ J 3074 and/or physiologically acceptable non-aqueous vehicle, te enable the ester to be conveyed to the skin or hair at an appropriate dilution. The nature of the ~ehicle will depend upon the method chosen for topical administration of the com~osition.
The selection of a vehicle for this purpose presents a wide range of possibilities depending on the required ~-product form of the composition. Suitable vehicles can be classified as described hereinafter.
It ~hould be explained that vehicles are substances which can act as diluents, dispersants, or solvents for the esters which therefore ercure that they can be applied to and di~tributed everly over the skin or hair at an appropriate concentration~ The vehicle is preferably one which can aid penetration of the ester into the skin to reach the stratum corneum.
Non-aqueou~ vehicles that can be used in comp~sitions acc~rding to the invention can include solids or liquids such as emollients, solvents, humectants, thickeners and powders. Examples of each of these types of vehicles, which can be used singly or as mixture~ of one or more vehicles, are as follows:
Emollients, such as stearyl alcohol, glvcervl monoricinoleate, glyceryl monostearate, propane-1,2-diol, hutane-1,3-diol, mink oil, cetyl alcohol, ispropyl isostearate, stearic acid, isobutyl palmitate, isocetvl stearate, oleyl alcohol, isopropyl laurate, hexyl laurate, decyl oleate, octadecan-2-ol, isocetyl alcohol, cetyl palmitate, dimethylpolysiloxane, di-n-butyl sehacate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, butyl stearate, polythylene glycol~ triethylene glycol, lanolin, sesame oil, coconut oil, arachis oil, : ..':, 2 ~
sunflower seed oil, evening primrose oil, castor oil, lanolin alcohols, petrolatum, mineral oil, butyl myristate, isostearic acid, palmitic acid, isopropyl linoleate, lauryl la~tate, myristyl lactate, decyl oleate, myristyl mvristate;
Propellants, such as trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethan~, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, monochlorodifluoromethane, trichlorotrifluoroethane, ~0 propane, butane, isobutane, dimethyl ether, carbon ~ioxide, nitrous oxide;
~ olvents, such as ethyl alcohol, methylene chloride, isopropanol, castor oil, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, dimethyl sulphoxide, dimethyl formamide, tetrahydrofuran: -Humectants, such as glycerin, sorbitol, sodium ~ -2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxvlate, soluble collAgen, dibutyl phthalate, gelatin;
Gelling agents such as soaps and fatty alcohols;
Powder~, such as chalk, talc, fullers earth, kaolin, -.
starch, gums, colloidal silicon dioxide, sodium polyacrylate, tetra alkyl and/or trialkyl aryl ammonium smectites, chemically modified magnesium aluminium silicate, organically modi~ied montmorillonite clay, 3~ hydrated aluminium silicate, fumed silica, carboxyvinyl polymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethylene glycol mono~tearate.
., .
The amount of non-aqueous vehicle in the composition, can comprise the balance of the composition, particularly where little or no other ingredients are present in the : :
O ~ ~
2 ~
~ J 3074 composition. Accordingly, the vehicle or vehicles can comprise from 1 to 99.99%, preferably from 50 to 99.5% and ideally from 90 to ~9~i by weight of the composition.
Perfume The composition according to the invention can alæo optinnally comprise a perfume in an amount sufficient to make the composition acceptable to the consumer and plea~ant to USQ. Us~ally, the perfume when present will form from 0.01 to 10% bv weight of the composition.
ctivity Enhancer The composition according to the invention can also optionally comprise an activity enhancer, which can be chosen from a wide variety of molecules that can function in different ways to enhance delivery to the stratum ccrneum, of the ester or to potentiate its activity.
Particular classes of activity enhancers include penetration enhancers and cationic polymers.
Penetration Enhancers As has been stated earlier, the presence of a penetration enhancer can potentiate the benefit of the estèr of pyroglutamic acid, by improving its delivery to the stratum corneum.
.
The penetration enhancer can accordingly function in a variety of ways. It can for example, improve the distribution of the ester on the skin surface or, it can increase its partition into the skin from the composition when applied topically, so aiding its passage to its site :~
of action. Other mechanisms enhancing the benefit of the chemical inhibitor may also be involved.
::, '"''"
1 3 2 ~
Examples of p~netration enhancers include:
2-methyl propan-2-ol Propan-2-ol Ethyl-2 hydroxypropanoate Hexan-2,5-diol POE(2) ethyl ether Di(2-hydroxypropyl) ether Pentan-2,4-diol Acetone POR(2) methyl e~her 2-hydroxypropionic acid 2-hydroxyoctan~i~ acid Propan-l-ol I,4 Dioxane Tetrahydrofuran Butan-1,4-diol Pxopylene glycol dipelargonate Polyoxypropvlene 15 stearyl ether Octyl al coho 1 POE ester of oleyl alcohol Oleyl alcohol Laur~l alcohol -Dioctyl adipate Dicapryl adipate Diisopropyl adipate Diisopropyl sebacate Dibutyl sebacate Diethyl sebacate Dimethyl sebacate Dioctyl ~ebacate Dibutyl suberate Dioctyl azelate Debenzyl sebacate Dibutyl phthalate - 1 3 ~
Dibutyl azelate Ethvl myristate Dimethyl azelate Butyl myristate :
5 Dibutyl succinate Didecvl phthalate Decyl oleate Ethyl caproate Ethyl salicvlate 10 Isopropyl palmitate Ethyl,laurate 2-ethyl-hexyl pelargonate ~
Isopropvl isostearate ~:-Putyl laurate ' ':.
15 Benzyl benzoate ~ ~
Butyl benzoate . .
~exyl laurate ',::
~thyl caprate Ethyl caprylate :
20 ~utyl stearate ::
Benzyl salicylate 2-hydroxypropanoic acid 2-hyroxyoctanoic acid, Further examples of penetration enhancers include~
Dimethyl sulphoxide -N,N-Dimethyl acetamide N,N-Dimethyl formamide :' 30 2-Pyrrolidone ' l-Methyl-2-pyrroli~one 5-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone 1,5-Dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone 1-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidone 35 Phosphine oxides , .
~ .. . ...... .. ... ..... .. . . . ..... .. .. ... ..
--- 132~
~u~ar esters ~etrahydrofurfural alcohol Urea Diethvl-m-toluamide, and 1-Dodecylazacyloheptan-2-one Further examples of penetration enhancers include surface active agents, preferred examples of which include:
10 ~i) Anionic surface active agents, such as metallic or alkanolamine salts of fatty acids for example sodium laurate and triethanolamine oleate;
alkyl benzene sulphonates, for example triethanolamine dodecyl benzene sulphonate;
alkyl sulphates, for examplé sodium lauryl sulphate;
alkvl ether sulphates, for example sodium lauryl ether sulphate ~2 to 8 EO];
~ulphosuccinates, for example sodium dioctyl ~ -sulphonsuccinate;
monoqlyceride sulphates, for example sodium glyceryl monostearate monosulphate;
isethionates, for example sodium isethionate;
methyl taurides, for example Igepon T;
acyl~arcosinates, for example sodium myristyl sarcosinate;
acyl peptides, for example Maypons and Lamepons;
~32~
- lS - J 3074 acyl lactylates, polyalkoxylated ether glycollates, for example trideceth-7 carboxylic acid;
phosphates, for example sodium dilauryl :~
phosphate. --(ii) Cationic surface ac~ive agents, such as amine salts, for example sapamin hydrochloride;
quartenary ammonium salts, for example Quaternium 5, Quaternium 31 and Quaternium 18;
tiii) Amphoteri~ suface active agents, such as imidazol compounds, for example Miranol;
~-~lkyl amino acids, such as sodium :
cocaminopropionate and asparagine derivatives; .
betaines, for example cocoamidopropylbetaine :
(iv) Nonionic surface active agents, such as fatty acid alkanolamides, for example oleic ethanolami~e;
e~ters of polyalcohol~, for example Span;
polvglycerol esters, for example that esterified with C12_18 fatty acids and one or seve.ral OH ...
groups;
.:
' : ',,'.
f ~
- 132~59~
polyalkoxvlated derivatives, for example polvoxy:polyoxyethylene stearate, and octylphenoxy pnlyethoxyethanol (TRI~ON X-100);
ethers, for example polyoxyethylene lauryl ether `
.~: -' .
ester ethers, for example Tween; ~ -amine oxides, for example coconut and dodecyl dimethyl amine oxides.
Mixtures of two or more of the above surface active ~ -agents can ~e employed in the composition according to the 15 invention. ` ;`
(c) cationic polymers chosen from: `
"' IGuar Hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride Quaternium-19 `
Quaternium-23 "
Quaternium-40 -`- `
Quaternium-57 ~`
Poly(d~propyldiallylammonium chloride) ~
Poly(methyl-~ -propaniodiallylammonium chloride) ! ,'`
Poly(diallylpiperidinium chloride) Poly(~inyl pyridinium chloride) Quaternised poly (vinyl alcohol) ~ Quaternised poly (dimethylamlnoethylmethacrylate); and mixtures thereof 35 ~ he~amount of activity enhancex, when employed in accordanc-~wlth the invention, will normally be from 0.1 :
~}
- ~ 32559~
to 50%, pref~rably from 0.5 to 25% and most preferably fro~ 0.5 to 10% by weight of the composition.
.- :
-' ' The composition according to the invention can also -optionally contain fur~her ingredients in addition to those which are conventionally used for the provision of ;~
the non-aqueous cosmetics acceptable vehicle.
Accordingly, in addition to ingredients conventionally used in preparing a non-aqueous lotion, 15 ointment, gel, powder, solid stick and aerosol -concentrate, the composition can optionally comprise further ingredients such as a colourant, preservative, antioxidant, emollient or aerosol propellant, in amounts which are conventiona] in the cosmetics art.
' ~'."':' PREPARl~TION OF THE COMPOSITION :
' .
The composition of the invention can be prepared in ~S the form of a solution, lotion, gel, ointment, solid stiok, aerosol or powder, or in any other form suited to ~; ~dministration topically to human skin. -~
.; . . , j When the composition is a liquid, such as a lotion or aerosol, or a semi-liquid such as a gel or o~ntment, or a olid stlck, then it is ugually necessary to dis~olve an ;:
~; ~ e ~ective qu~ntity of the ester of pyroglutamic acid, or ~ ~ a mixture thereof, in ethanol or other non-aqueous i~ ; cosmetlcally acceptable vehicles, and then to admix this ^~ 35 golutlon, if desired, in a conventional manner with a ~ suitable o~r.tment ~ase containing, for example an oil or ,~ " ~ :. .. :':, - ~325~5~
silicone oil, or stick base containing a gelling agent such as sodium stearate, or with a normally liquefiable -~ .
gaseous propellant in order to prepare the compositio~.
When the composition is a powder, then it is usually ~ - -necessary to admix the ester of pyroglutamic acid or a mixture thereof, with a powder diluent, such as talc, starch, kaolin, Fuller's earth or other suitable powder base, in order to provide the composition in powder for~. -If desired, other cosmetically acceptable carriers, diluents or emollients can be incorporated in the ~.
composition according to the in~ention, in order to fac:ilitate even distriblttion over the skin or hair at a 15 suitable concentration. :.
~vidence to support benefi~ of topical application to skin of the ester of pyroglutamic acid versus the free acid, w~th particular refèrence to the preference for employing a non-aaueous vehicle . . , "': , When pyroglutamic acid is applied topically to human ~
25 skin, only a negl~gible amount is able to penetrate to the :
stratum corneum to augment that naturally present in this region of.the skin. ~owever, certain esters of : :
: . pyroglutami.c acid are able readily to penetrate the skin to reach the stratum corneum, where naturally occuring esterases cleave the ester to yield the free pyroglutamic a~id which can then augment that which is naturally present in the 8kin, wlth the consequence that skin heneflt is improved. .~. .:
,: ' .'.'~' ': ~: 35 Delivery o~ esters of pyroglutamic acid, with sub~equent hydrolysis to yield free pyroglutamic acid in .
...
: ~ :.;, : .
- ~32~
, . .
" .
the stratum corneum, was confirmed using tritiated esterc -of pyroglutamic acid and a radio-tracer technique.
Accordingly, [3H] esters of pyroglutamic acid were ~ach dissolved at 1% w/v i~ anhydrous ethanol or in an oil-in-water emulsion base containing ~5~ by weight of water. These solutions were then applied to the arms of volunteers, left for 18 hours, washea with soap and water, and the stratum corneum was removed by stripping with Sellotape. The [3H] pvroglutamic acid was separated from unchanged ester by chromotography on AGlX8 resin and the amount delivered to the skin expressed as nmoles per mg of stratum corneum protein.
The result obtained are sùmmarised in Table 1 Table 1 ~;
Ester of Pyroqlutamic acid delivered 20 Pvroglutamic acid (n mol/mg ~roteinJ `
: ;.
Ethanol base Cream base ',.''' "'.''.".'', Ethyl 8 5 25 ~utyl 6 2 H~xyl 5 2 -Octyl 4 1 :`
-Dodecyl 4 - , When [3H] pyroglutamic acld instead of a corre~pondin~ ester was applied topically in this experlment, a negl$gihla amount of the tritiated free acid was recovered from the stratum corneum.
leno~e~ ~r~le -~n~r,l~.
.~ . , ~f ~
- ~32~
The above results indicate that pyroglutamic acid is -effectively delivered to the stratum corneum following t~pical application of an ester thereof, while little pyroglutamic acid reached the stratum corneum if applied as the free acid. These results also indicate a preference for a non-aqueous composition, rather than an aqueous cream base. Also, the shorter the alkyl chain of --the ester, the more effective is the delivery of the ester to the stratum corneum, as judged by the higher yield of pyroglutamic acid found in that region of the skin.
Examples The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
::
Example 1. Suntan Oil :
Inqredient ~ by wt.
.
Phase A
propylene glycol myristyl ether 22.0 cetyl palmitate 22.0 2-ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate 5.0 pyroglutamic acid n-hexyl ester 5.0 fragrance 0.1 :; :.`
Phase ~
glyceryl sterate 22.0 mineral oil 23.9 :
.
In a vessel, mix in components of Phase A, in order, until all items are dissolved. Upon completlon of Phase A, add components in Phase ~ to those is Phase ~ 35 A and continua mixing until uniform.
': ''~, :."
~ . . .
`~,.~ ,: ' -- 13255~
Example 2. Suntan Oil Ingredient ~ by wt. :`
Phase A
PPG-1 myristyl ether acetate 22.0 Cetyl palmitate 22.0 ~-Parsol MCX 8.0 ~enzophenone - 3 4.0 : .
ethyl -2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n~propionate l.O
Fragrance 0.1 .
Pha~e B
Glyceryl tiacetyl hydroxysterate 22.0 ::
PPG-3 hydrogenated castor oil 20.9 -In a vessel, mix in components of Phase A, in order, .-until all item~ are dissolved. Upon completion of `~
Phase A, add components in Phase ~ to those in Phase --A and continue mixing until uniform. : .
~: Example 3. Dry Skin Cream .. .
; Jnnredient % bv wt 2 e .
petrolatum, white USP 49.9 :
polyethylene 3.0 :
ilicone dioxide 2.0 cyclomethicone 33.8 :.
~ dimethicone, 50cs 10.0 mineral oil 1.0 .:
propylparaben 0.1 sorbic acid n.1 ~?.~ ragrance n.1 35 - : : pyro~lutamic acid ethyl ester 1.0 /enr~c~ ~r~le~
---- 1325~
Add petrolatum, polyethylene and silicone dioxide to a vessel, heat to 80C, and homogenize. To this mixture add cyclomethicone, dimethicone, mineral oil, propylparaben and sorbic acid, dissolve an~ blend, and ~hen cool to 35C. Dissolve into this mixture -.
PCA ester, and blend until a uniform dry skin composition containing solubilized PCA ester i5 :
obtained.
1 0 "
Example 4. Dry Skin Lip ~alm Ingredient % by wt triglycerides 17.0 -trilaurin 36.7 mineral oil 9.0 beeswax 11.0 :
paraffin 12.0 ~ .
petrolatum 13.0 :
fragrance/flavour 0.3 pyroglutamic acid octyl ester l.0 ..
ExamPle 5. Lip Balm `.. :
Ingredient % by wt petrolatum 51.0 cetyl ester 9.0 cetyl alcohol 13.0 oleyl alcohol 8.0 : beeswax 8.0 mineral oil 6.0 pyroglutamlc acid butyl e~ter S.0 :
~: ,; ';, ,., :' ,, ' ~,'':", : ~ '.',"''.'.'":
2C 2,3-dihydroxy-n-propyl 2,3-dihydroxy-n-butyl ~.2-hydroxystearyl.
Further specific examples of e~ters of pyroglutamic 25 acid containing the group: ~' O ~.
-CH-C-OR" are:
2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-propionic acid methvl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-acetate ethyl-2-[pyroqlutamoyloxy]-n-propionate : .
ethyl-2-[pvroglutamoyloxy]-n-butyrate .-ethyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-i~o-butyrate ethyl-2-~pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-valerate ~.
ethyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-caproate ':
ethyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-heptvlate .:.~
' ' :: ' ::': .
'.-.~'.'. ;:' ;: ' '", , ' :,-:-,' --- 132~
ethyl-2-~pvroglutamoyloxy]-n-caprvlate ethyl-2-Epyroglutamoyloxy]-n-pelargonate ethyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-3-hydroxybutyrate is~-propyl-2 [pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-propionate iso-propyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-caprylate n-propyl-2-~pyroglutamoyloxy~-n-propionate n-propyl-2-[pyroglutamoylo~y]-n-caprylate ~tearyl-2-~pyroglutamoyloxy)-n-propionate 12-hydroxystearyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy~-n-propionate stear~yl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy~-n-stearate palmityl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-propionate linoleyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-~-propionate lino~eyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy~-n-caprylate lauryl-2~[pyrnglutamoyloxy]-n-caprylate stearyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-caprylate glyceryl mono(2-~pyroglutamoyloxy]-n propionate) qlyceryl mono(2-[pvroglutamoyloxy]-n-caprylate), and glyceryl di(2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-propionate).
It is to he understood that the above list of specific exa~pleF of esters of pvroglutamic acid is not exhaustive, there being many other examples expressed by the generic structure of these esters.
The amount of the esters of pyroglutamic acid or mixtures thereof to be emploved in accordance with the invention, will normally be from 0.01 to 99%, preferably from 0.1 to 20~ and most preferablv from 0.2 to 2~ by wei~ht o~ the composition.
The ~on-Aqueous Vehicle The composition according to the invention also comprise~ a solid, semi-solid or liq~uid cosmetically .
~- 132~
_ g _ J 3074 and/or physiologically acceptable non-aqueous vehicle, te enable the ester to be conveyed to the skin or hair at an appropriate dilution. The nature of the ~ehicle will depend upon the method chosen for topical administration of the com~osition.
The selection of a vehicle for this purpose presents a wide range of possibilities depending on the required ~-product form of the composition. Suitable vehicles can be classified as described hereinafter.
It ~hould be explained that vehicles are substances which can act as diluents, dispersants, or solvents for the esters which therefore ercure that they can be applied to and di~tributed everly over the skin or hair at an appropriate concentration~ The vehicle is preferably one which can aid penetration of the ester into the skin to reach the stratum corneum.
Non-aqueou~ vehicles that can be used in comp~sitions acc~rding to the invention can include solids or liquids such as emollients, solvents, humectants, thickeners and powders. Examples of each of these types of vehicles, which can be used singly or as mixture~ of one or more vehicles, are as follows:
Emollients, such as stearyl alcohol, glvcervl monoricinoleate, glyceryl monostearate, propane-1,2-diol, hutane-1,3-diol, mink oil, cetyl alcohol, ispropyl isostearate, stearic acid, isobutyl palmitate, isocetvl stearate, oleyl alcohol, isopropyl laurate, hexyl laurate, decyl oleate, octadecan-2-ol, isocetyl alcohol, cetyl palmitate, dimethylpolysiloxane, di-n-butyl sehacate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, butyl stearate, polythylene glycol~ triethylene glycol, lanolin, sesame oil, coconut oil, arachis oil, : ..':, 2 ~
sunflower seed oil, evening primrose oil, castor oil, lanolin alcohols, petrolatum, mineral oil, butyl myristate, isostearic acid, palmitic acid, isopropyl linoleate, lauryl la~tate, myristyl lactate, decyl oleate, myristyl mvristate;
Propellants, such as trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethan~, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, monochlorodifluoromethane, trichlorotrifluoroethane, ~0 propane, butane, isobutane, dimethyl ether, carbon ~ioxide, nitrous oxide;
~ olvents, such as ethyl alcohol, methylene chloride, isopropanol, castor oil, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, dimethyl sulphoxide, dimethyl formamide, tetrahydrofuran: -Humectants, such as glycerin, sorbitol, sodium ~ -2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxvlate, soluble collAgen, dibutyl phthalate, gelatin;
Gelling agents such as soaps and fatty alcohols;
Powder~, such as chalk, talc, fullers earth, kaolin, -.
starch, gums, colloidal silicon dioxide, sodium polyacrylate, tetra alkyl and/or trialkyl aryl ammonium smectites, chemically modified magnesium aluminium silicate, organically modi~ied montmorillonite clay, 3~ hydrated aluminium silicate, fumed silica, carboxyvinyl polymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethylene glycol mono~tearate.
., .
The amount of non-aqueous vehicle in the composition, can comprise the balance of the composition, particularly where little or no other ingredients are present in the : :
O ~ ~
2 ~
~ J 3074 composition. Accordingly, the vehicle or vehicles can comprise from 1 to 99.99%, preferably from 50 to 99.5% and ideally from 90 to ~9~i by weight of the composition.
Perfume The composition according to the invention can alæo optinnally comprise a perfume in an amount sufficient to make the composition acceptable to the consumer and plea~ant to USQ. Us~ally, the perfume when present will form from 0.01 to 10% bv weight of the composition.
ctivity Enhancer The composition according to the invention can also optionally comprise an activity enhancer, which can be chosen from a wide variety of molecules that can function in different ways to enhance delivery to the stratum ccrneum, of the ester or to potentiate its activity.
Particular classes of activity enhancers include penetration enhancers and cationic polymers.
Penetration Enhancers As has been stated earlier, the presence of a penetration enhancer can potentiate the benefit of the estèr of pyroglutamic acid, by improving its delivery to the stratum corneum.
.
The penetration enhancer can accordingly function in a variety of ways. It can for example, improve the distribution of the ester on the skin surface or, it can increase its partition into the skin from the composition when applied topically, so aiding its passage to its site :~
of action. Other mechanisms enhancing the benefit of the chemical inhibitor may also be involved.
::, '"''"
1 3 2 ~
Examples of p~netration enhancers include:
2-methyl propan-2-ol Propan-2-ol Ethyl-2 hydroxypropanoate Hexan-2,5-diol POE(2) ethyl ether Di(2-hydroxypropyl) ether Pentan-2,4-diol Acetone POR(2) methyl e~her 2-hydroxypropionic acid 2-hydroxyoctan~i~ acid Propan-l-ol I,4 Dioxane Tetrahydrofuran Butan-1,4-diol Pxopylene glycol dipelargonate Polyoxypropvlene 15 stearyl ether Octyl al coho 1 POE ester of oleyl alcohol Oleyl alcohol Laur~l alcohol -Dioctyl adipate Dicapryl adipate Diisopropyl adipate Diisopropyl sebacate Dibutyl sebacate Diethyl sebacate Dimethyl sebacate Dioctyl ~ebacate Dibutyl suberate Dioctyl azelate Debenzyl sebacate Dibutyl phthalate - 1 3 ~
Dibutyl azelate Ethvl myristate Dimethyl azelate Butyl myristate :
5 Dibutyl succinate Didecvl phthalate Decyl oleate Ethyl caproate Ethyl salicvlate 10 Isopropyl palmitate Ethyl,laurate 2-ethyl-hexyl pelargonate ~
Isopropvl isostearate ~:-Putyl laurate ' ':.
15 Benzyl benzoate ~ ~
Butyl benzoate . .
~exyl laurate ',::
~thyl caprate Ethyl caprylate :
20 ~utyl stearate ::
Benzyl salicylate 2-hydroxypropanoic acid 2-hyroxyoctanoic acid, Further examples of penetration enhancers include~
Dimethyl sulphoxide -N,N-Dimethyl acetamide N,N-Dimethyl formamide :' 30 2-Pyrrolidone ' l-Methyl-2-pyrroli~one 5-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone 1,5-Dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone 1-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidone 35 Phosphine oxides , .
~ .. . ...... .. ... ..... .. . . . ..... .. .. ... ..
--- 132~
~u~ar esters ~etrahydrofurfural alcohol Urea Diethvl-m-toluamide, and 1-Dodecylazacyloheptan-2-one Further examples of penetration enhancers include surface active agents, preferred examples of which include:
10 ~i) Anionic surface active agents, such as metallic or alkanolamine salts of fatty acids for example sodium laurate and triethanolamine oleate;
alkyl benzene sulphonates, for example triethanolamine dodecyl benzene sulphonate;
alkyl sulphates, for examplé sodium lauryl sulphate;
alkvl ether sulphates, for example sodium lauryl ether sulphate ~2 to 8 EO];
~ulphosuccinates, for example sodium dioctyl ~ -sulphonsuccinate;
monoqlyceride sulphates, for example sodium glyceryl monostearate monosulphate;
isethionates, for example sodium isethionate;
methyl taurides, for example Igepon T;
acyl~arcosinates, for example sodium myristyl sarcosinate;
acyl peptides, for example Maypons and Lamepons;
~32~
- lS - J 3074 acyl lactylates, polyalkoxylated ether glycollates, for example trideceth-7 carboxylic acid;
phosphates, for example sodium dilauryl :~
phosphate. --(ii) Cationic surface ac~ive agents, such as amine salts, for example sapamin hydrochloride;
quartenary ammonium salts, for example Quaternium 5, Quaternium 31 and Quaternium 18;
tiii) Amphoteri~ suface active agents, such as imidazol compounds, for example Miranol;
~-~lkyl amino acids, such as sodium :
cocaminopropionate and asparagine derivatives; .
betaines, for example cocoamidopropylbetaine :
(iv) Nonionic surface active agents, such as fatty acid alkanolamides, for example oleic ethanolami~e;
e~ters of polyalcohol~, for example Span;
polvglycerol esters, for example that esterified with C12_18 fatty acids and one or seve.ral OH ...
groups;
.:
' : ',,'.
f ~
- 132~59~
polyalkoxvlated derivatives, for example polvoxy:polyoxyethylene stearate, and octylphenoxy pnlyethoxyethanol (TRI~ON X-100);
ethers, for example polyoxyethylene lauryl ether `
.~: -' .
ester ethers, for example Tween; ~ -amine oxides, for example coconut and dodecyl dimethyl amine oxides.
Mixtures of two or more of the above surface active ~ -agents can ~e employed in the composition according to the 15 invention. ` ;`
(c) cationic polymers chosen from: `
"' IGuar Hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride Quaternium-19 `
Quaternium-23 "
Quaternium-40 -`- `
Quaternium-57 ~`
Poly(d~propyldiallylammonium chloride) ~
Poly(methyl-~ -propaniodiallylammonium chloride) ! ,'`
Poly(diallylpiperidinium chloride) Poly(~inyl pyridinium chloride) Quaternised poly (vinyl alcohol) ~ Quaternised poly (dimethylamlnoethylmethacrylate); and mixtures thereof 35 ~ he~amount of activity enhancex, when employed in accordanc-~wlth the invention, will normally be from 0.1 :
~}
- ~ 32559~
to 50%, pref~rably from 0.5 to 25% and most preferably fro~ 0.5 to 10% by weight of the composition.
.- :
-' ' The composition according to the invention can also -optionally contain fur~her ingredients in addition to those which are conventionally used for the provision of ;~
the non-aqueous cosmetics acceptable vehicle.
Accordingly, in addition to ingredients conventionally used in preparing a non-aqueous lotion, 15 ointment, gel, powder, solid stick and aerosol -concentrate, the composition can optionally comprise further ingredients such as a colourant, preservative, antioxidant, emollient or aerosol propellant, in amounts which are conventiona] in the cosmetics art.
' ~'."':' PREPARl~TION OF THE COMPOSITION :
' .
The composition of the invention can be prepared in ~S the form of a solution, lotion, gel, ointment, solid stiok, aerosol or powder, or in any other form suited to ~; ~dministration topically to human skin. -~
.; . . , j When the composition is a liquid, such as a lotion or aerosol, or a semi-liquid such as a gel or o~ntment, or a olid stlck, then it is ugually necessary to dis~olve an ;:
~; ~ e ~ective qu~ntity of the ester of pyroglutamic acid, or ~ ~ a mixture thereof, in ethanol or other non-aqueous i~ ; cosmetlcally acceptable vehicles, and then to admix this ^~ 35 golutlon, if desired, in a conventional manner with a ~ suitable o~r.tment ~ase containing, for example an oil or ,~ " ~ :. .. :':, - ~325~5~
silicone oil, or stick base containing a gelling agent such as sodium stearate, or with a normally liquefiable -~ .
gaseous propellant in order to prepare the compositio~.
When the composition is a powder, then it is usually ~ - -necessary to admix the ester of pyroglutamic acid or a mixture thereof, with a powder diluent, such as talc, starch, kaolin, Fuller's earth or other suitable powder base, in order to provide the composition in powder for~. -If desired, other cosmetically acceptable carriers, diluents or emollients can be incorporated in the ~.
composition according to the in~ention, in order to fac:ilitate even distriblttion over the skin or hair at a 15 suitable concentration. :.
~vidence to support benefi~ of topical application to skin of the ester of pyroglutamic acid versus the free acid, w~th particular refèrence to the preference for employing a non-aaueous vehicle . . , "': , When pyroglutamic acid is applied topically to human ~
25 skin, only a negl~gible amount is able to penetrate to the :
stratum corneum to augment that naturally present in this region of.the skin. ~owever, certain esters of : :
: . pyroglutami.c acid are able readily to penetrate the skin to reach the stratum corneum, where naturally occuring esterases cleave the ester to yield the free pyroglutamic a~id which can then augment that which is naturally present in the 8kin, wlth the consequence that skin heneflt is improved. .~. .:
,: ' .'.'~' ': ~: 35 Delivery o~ esters of pyroglutamic acid, with sub~equent hydrolysis to yield free pyroglutamic acid in .
...
: ~ :.;, : .
- ~32~
, . .
" .
the stratum corneum, was confirmed using tritiated esterc -of pyroglutamic acid and a radio-tracer technique.
Accordingly, [3H] esters of pyroglutamic acid were ~ach dissolved at 1% w/v i~ anhydrous ethanol or in an oil-in-water emulsion base containing ~5~ by weight of water. These solutions were then applied to the arms of volunteers, left for 18 hours, washea with soap and water, and the stratum corneum was removed by stripping with Sellotape. The [3H] pvroglutamic acid was separated from unchanged ester by chromotography on AGlX8 resin and the amount delivered to the skin expressed as nmoles per mg of stratum corneum protein.
The result obtained are sùmmarised in Table 1 Table 1 ~;
Ester of Pyroqlutamic acid delivered 20 Pvroglutamic acid (n mol/mg ~roteinJ `
: ;.
Ethanol base Cream base ',.''' "'.''.".'', Ethyl 8 5 25 ~utyl 6 2 H~xyl 5 2 -Octyl 4 1 :`
-Dodecyl 4 - , When [3H] pyroglutamic acld instead of a corre~pondin~ ester was applied topically in this experlment, a negl$gihla amount of the tritiated free acid was recovered from the stratum corneum.
leno~e~ ~r~le -~n~r,l~.
.~ . , ~f ~
- ~32~
The above results indicate that pyroglutamic acid is -effectively delivered to the stratum corneum following t~pical application of an ester thereof, while little pyroglutamic acid reached the stratum corneum if applied as the free acid. These results also indicate a preference for a non-aqueous composition, rather than an aqueous cream base. Also, the shorter the alkyl chain of --the ester, the more effective is the delivery of the ester to the stratum corneum, as judged by the higher yield of pyroglutamic acid found in that region of the skin.
Examples The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
::
Example 1. Suntan Oil :
Inqredient ~ by wt.
.
Phase A
propylene glycol myristyl ether 22.0 cetyl palmitate 22.0 2-ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate 5.0 pyroglutamic acid n-hexyl ester 5.0 fragrance 0.1 :; :.`
Phase ~
glyceryl sterate 22.0 mineral oil 23.9 :
.
In a vessel, mix in components of Phase A, in order, until all items are dissolved. Upon completlon of Phase A, add components in Phase ~ to those is Phase ~ 35 A and continua mixing until uniform.
': ''~, :."
~ . . .
`~,.~ ,: ' -- 13255~
Example 2. Suntan Oil Ingredient ~ by wt. :`
Phase A
PPG-1 myristyl ether acetate 22.0 Cetyl palmitate 22.0 ~-Parsol MCX 8.0 ~enzophenone - 3 4.0 : .
ethyl -2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n~propionate l.O
Fragrance 0.1 .
Pha~e B
Glyceryl tiacetyl hydroxysterate 22.0 ::
PPG-3 hydrogenated castor oil 20.9 -In a vessel, mix in components of Phase A, in order, .-until all item~ are dissolved. Upon completion of `~
Phase A, add components in Phase ~ to those in Phase --A and continue mixing until uniform. : .
~: Example 3. Dry Skin Cream .. .
; Jnnredient % bv wt 2 e .
petrolatum, white USP 49.9 :
polyethylene 3.0 :
ilicone dioxide 2.0 cyclomethicone 33.8 :.
~ dimethicone, 50cs 10.0 mineral oil 1.0 .:
propylparaben 0.1 sorbic acid n.1 ~?.~ ragrance n.1 35 - : : pyro~lutamic acid ethyl ester 1.0 /enr~c~ ~r~le~
---- 1325~
Add petrolatum, polyethylene and silicone dioxide to a vessel, heat to 80C, and homogenize. To this mixture add cyclomethicone, dimethicone, mineral oil, propylparaben and sorbic acid, dissolve an~ blend, and ~hen cool to 35C. Dissolve into this mixture -.
PCA ester, and blend until a uniform dry skin composition containing solubilized PCA ester i5 :
obtained.
1 0 "
Example 4. Dry Skin Lip ~alm Ingredient % by wt triglycerides 17.0 -trilaurin 36.7 mineral oil 9.0 beeswax 11.0 :
paraffin 12.0 ~ .
petrolatum 13.0 :
fragrance/flavour 0.3 pyroglutamic acid octyl ester l.0 ..
ExamPle 5. Lip Balm `.. :
Ingredient % by wt petrolatum 51.0 cetyl ester 9.0 cetyl alcohol 13.0 oleyl alcohol 8.0 : beeswax 8.0 mineral oil 6.0 pyroglutamlc acid butyl e~ter S.0 :
~: ,; ';, ,., :' ,, ' ~,'':", : ~ '.',"''.'.'":
Claims (12)
1. An non-aqueous drug-free composition for topical application to human skin which comprises:
(i) from 0.01 to 99% by weight of an ester of pvroglutamic acid having the structure:
(1) where P is a linear or branched chain saturated or unsaturated alcohol group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or the group: whexe R' and R" are the same or different and are each represented by H or the group:
[(CH3)u'(CH2OH)v'(CH2)w'(CHCH3)x'(CHOH)y'(CH=CH)z] - (2) where u is zero, or 1 v is zero, or 1 w is zero, or an integer of from 1 to 21 x is zero, or an integer of from 1 to 4 y is zero, or an integer of from 1 to 2 z is zero, or an integer of from 1 to 4; and u + v + w + x + y + z is an integer of from 1 to 22;
the subgroups within the group (2) being in any sequence;
provided that when the subgroup (CH=CH) is present, then the total number of carbon atoms in said group (2) will be from 10 to 20; and (ii) from 1 to 99.99% by weight of a cosmetically acceptable non-aqueous vehicle.
(i) from 0.01 to 99% by weight of an ester of pvroglutamic acid having the structure:
(1) where P is a linear or branched chain saturated or unsaturated alcohol group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or the group: whexe R' and R" are the same or different and are each represented by H or the group:
[(CH3)u'(CH2OH)v'(CH2)w'(CHCH3)x'(CHOH)y'(CH=CH)z] - (2) where u is zero, or 1 v is zero, or 1 w is zero, or an integer of from 1 to 21 x is zero, or an integer of from 1 to 4 y is zero, or an integer of from 1 to 2 z is zero, or an integer of from 1 to 4; and u + v + w + x + y + z is an integer of from 1 to 22;
the subgroups within the group (2) being in any sequence;
provided that when the subgroup (CH=CH) is present, then the total number of carbon atoms in said group (2) will be from 10 to 20; and (ii) from 1 to 99.99% by weight of a cosmetically acceptable non-aqueous vehicle.
2. A non-aqueous composition according to claim 1, in which the ester of pyroglutamic acid is chosen from those where R in structure (1) is a C1 to C30 linear or branched chain alkyl group.
3. A non-aqueous composition according to claim 2, in which the ester of pyroglutamic acid is chosen from:
pyroglutamic acid methyl ester pyroglutamic acid ethyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-propyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-butyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-hexyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-heptyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-octyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-nonyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-decyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-undecyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-dodecyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-tridecyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-tetradecyl ester pvroglutamic acid n-hexadecyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-octadecyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-eicosyl ester pyroglutamic acid iso-propyl ester pyroglutamic acid 2-methylhexyl ester pyroglutamic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester pyroglutamic acid 3,7-dimethyloctyl ester pyroglutamic acid 2-hexyldecvl ester pyroglutamic acid 2-octyldodecyl ester pvroglutamic acid 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentane ester pyroglutamie acid methyloctyl ester.
pyroglutamic acid methyl ester pyroglutamic acid ethyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-propyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-butyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-hexyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-heptyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-octyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-nonyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-decyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-undecyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-dodecyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-tridecyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-tetradecyl ester pvroglutamic acid n-hexadecyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-octadecyl ester pyroglutamic acid n-eicosyl ester pyroglutamic acid iso-propyl ester pyroglutamic acid 2-methylhexyl ester pyroglutamic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester pyroglutamic acid 3,7-dimethyloctyl ester pyroglutamic acid 2-hexyldecvl ester pyroglutamic acid 2-octyldodecyl ester pvroglutamic acid 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentane ester pyroglutamie acid methyloctyl ester.
4. A non-aqueous composition according to claims 1, in which the R group in structure (1) is represented by the group (2).
5. A non-aqueous composition according to claim 4, in which the group (2) is chosen from straight or branched chain, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic groups having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms or from alkenvl groups having from 10 to 22 carbon atoms.
6. A non-aqueous composition according to claim 1, 4 or 5 in which the ester of pyroglutamic acid is chosen from 2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-propionic acid methyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-acetate ethyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-propionate ethyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-butyrate ethyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-iso-butyrate ethyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-valerate ethyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-caproate ethyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-heptylate ethyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-caprylate ethyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxyl-n-pelargonate ethyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-3 hydroxybutyrate iso-propyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-propionate iso-propyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-caprylate n-propyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-propionate n-propyl-2 [pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-caprylate stearyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-propionate 12-hydroxystearyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-propionate stearyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-stearate palmityl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-propionate linoleyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-propionate linoleyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-caprylate lauryl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-caprylate stearyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-caprylate glyceryl mono(2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-propionate) glyceryl mono(2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-caprylate), and glyceryl di(2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-propionate).
7. A non-aqueous composition according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the amount of the ester of pyroglutamic acid is from 0.01 to 20% by weight of the composition.
8. A non-aqueous composition according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the non-aqueous vehicle is chosen from petrolatum lanolin lanolin alcohols mineral oil sunflower seed oil evening primrose oil sesame oil ethyl alcohol glycerin, and mixtures thereof.
9. A non-aqueous composition according to claim 1, 2 or 3, which additionally comprises from 0.01 to 10% by weight of a perfume.
10. A non-aqueous composition according to claim 1, which further comprises an activity enhancer.
11. A non-aqueous composition according to claim 10, in which the activity enhancer is chosen from penetration enhancers, surface active agents and cationic polymers.
12. A non-aqueous composition according to claim 10 or 11, in which the activity enhancer forms from 0.1 to 50%
by weight of the composition.
by weight of the composition.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8811409.5 | 1988-05-13 | ||
| GB888811409A GB8811409D0 (en) | 1988-05-13 | 1988-05-13 | Cosmetic composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1325596C true CA1325596C (en) | 1993-12-28 |
Family
ID=10636882
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000599220A Expired - Lifetime CA1325596C (en) | 1988-05-13 | 1989-05-10 | Non-aqueous topical composition containing an ester of pyroglutamic acid |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5137714A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0342056B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3026570B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE109964T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU621883B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1325596C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE68917512T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2058517T3 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB8811409D0 (en) |
| IN (1) | IN169426B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA893564B (en) |
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| CA2016351C (en) * | 1989-05-12 | 1996-09-03 | Walter Thomas Gibson | Cosmetic composition |
| US5629020A (en) * | 1994-04-22 | 1997-05-13 | Emisphere Technologies, Inc. | Modified amino acids for drug delivery |
| US5443841A (en) * | 1992-06-15 | 1995-08-22 | Emisphere Technologies, Inc. | Proteinoid microspheres and methods for preparation and use thereof |
| US5447728A (en) * | 1992-06-15 | 1995-09-05 | Emisphere Technologies, Inc. | Desferrioxamine oral delivery system |
| US5578323A (en) | 1992-06-15 | 1996-11-26 | Emisphere Technologies, Inc. | Proteinoid carriers and methods for preparation and use thereof |
| US5714167A (en) | 1992-06-15 | 1998-02-03 | Emisphere Technologies, Inc. | Active agent transport systems |
| US5294447A (en) * | 1991-04-12 | 1994-03-15 | Leonard Mackles | Anhydrous topical compositions which dry rapidly on contact |
| FR2681781A1 (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1993-04-02 | Oreal | ANHYDROUS COSMETIC COMPOSITION COMPRISING A FATTY PHASE AND COSMETIC TREATMENT METHOD USING THE SAME. |
| DK0662814T3 (en) * | 1992-09-29 | 1996-12-02 | Henkel Kgaa | hair treatment |
| US5401516A (en) * | 1992-12-21 | 1995-03-28 | Emisphere Technologies, Inc. | Modified hydrolyzed vegetable protein microspheres and methods for preparation and use thereof |
| JPH0769827A (en) * | 1993-09-03 | 1995-03-14 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | Skin cosmetic |
| JPH07330570A (en) * | 1994-06-06 | 1995-12-19 | Mikimoto Pharmaceut Co Ltd | Cosmetic |
| US6001347A (en) | 1995-03-31 | 1999-12-14 | Emisphere Technologies, Inc. | Compounds and compositions for delivering active agents |
| US5750147A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1998-05-12 | Emisphere Technologies, Inc. | Method of solubilizing and encapsulating itraconazole |
| FR2742750B1 (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 1998-01-30 | Oreal | NOVEL DERIVATIVES OF L-2-OXOTHIAZOLIDINE 4-CARBOXYLIC ACID AND THEIR USE FOR SKIN CARE |
| JP2000512671A (en) | 1996-06-14 | 2000-09-26 | エミスフェアー テクノロジーズ インク | Microencapsulated fragrance and preparation method |
| JP2000000221A (en) * | 1998-06-15 | 2000-01-07 | Gunze Ltd | Sheet for electrode |
| US8512718B2 (en) | 2000-07-03 | 2013-08-20 | Foamix Ltd. | Pharmaceutical composition for topical application |
| IL152486A0 (en) | 2002-10-25 | 2003-05-29 | Meir Eini | Alcohol-free cosmetic and pharmaceutical foam carrier |
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| US20080138296A1 (en) | 2002-10-25 | 2008-06-12 | Foamix Ltd. | Foam prepared from nanoemulsions and uses |
| US7820145B2 (en) | 2003-08-04 | 2010-10-26 | Foamix Ltd. | Oleaginous pharmaceutical and cosmetic foam |
| US7575739B2 (en) | 2003-04-28 | 2009-08-18 | Foamix Ltd. | Foamable iodine composition |
| US8795693B2 (en) | 2003-08-04 | 2014-08-05 | Foamix Ltd. | Compositions with modulating agents |
| US8486374B2 (en) | 2003-08-04 | 2013-07-16 | Foamix Ltd. | Hydrophilic, non-aqueous pharmaceutical carriers and compositions and uses |
| DE102006034531A1 (en) * | 2006-07-24 | 2008-01-31 | Beiersdorf Ag | Cosmetic preparation, useful e.g. as repellents to protect against mosquitoes, as protective skin cream and to protect against UV-induced skin aging, comprises (2-hydroxyethyl)urea and myristylmyristate |
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| US8636982B2 (en) | 2007-08-07 | 2014-01-28 | Foamix Ltd. | Wax foamable vehicle and pharmaceutical compositions thereof |
| US9439857B2 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2016-09-13 | Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | Foam containing benzoyl peroxide |
| WO2009072007A2 (en) | 2007-12-07 | 2009-06-11 | Foamix Ltd. | Carriers, formulations, methods for formulating unstable active agents for external application and uses thereof |
| WO2010041141A2 (en) | 2008-10-07 | 2010-04-15 | Foamix Ltd. | Oil-based foamable carriers and formulations |
| CA2712120A1 (en) | 2008-01-14 | 2009-07-23 | Foamix Ltd. | Poloxamer foamable pharmaceutical compositions with active agents and/or therapeutic cells and uses |
| CA2760186C (en) | 2009-04-28 | 2019-10-29 | Foamix Ltd. | Foamable vehicle and pharmaceutical compositions comprising aprotic polar solvents and uses thereof |
| WO2011013008A2 (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2011-02-03 | Foamix Ltd. | Non surface active agent non polymeric agent hydro-alcoholic foamable compositions, breakable foams and their uses |
| WO2011013009A2 (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2011-02-03 | Foamix Ltd. | Non surfactant hydro-alcoholic foamable compositions, breakable foams and their uses |
| US9849142B2 (en) | 2009-10-02 | 2017-12-26 | Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | Methods for accelerated return of skin integrity and for the treatment of impetigo |
| US8871184B2 (en) | 2009-10-02 | 2014-10-28 | Foamix Ltd. | Topical tetracycline compositions |
| US8174881B2 (en) | 2009-11-24 | 2012-05-08 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Techniques for reducing disturbance in a semiconductor device |
| US8466335B2 (en) | 2010-04-26 | 2013-06-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Personal care product |
| US8685309B2 (en) | 2010-04-26 | 2014-04-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for making a personal care product |
| WO2017108438A1 (en) | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-29 | Unilever Plc | Hydroxy functionalized solvent based skin benefit composition |
| MX2020012139A (en) | 2016-09-08 | 2021-01-29 | Vyne Pharmaceuticals Inc | Compositions and methods for treating rosacea and acne. |
| CA3046037A1 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-28 | Unilever Plc | Personal care compositions with glutathione precursor comprising 4-substituted resorcinols and amino acids |
| JP7082623B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2022-06-08 | ユニリーバー・アイピー・ホールディングス・ベスローテン・ヴェンノーツハップ | Composition for personal care with cystine |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3235457A (en) * | 1962-12-07 | 1966-02-15 | Gillette Co | Humectant |
| DE2102172C3 (en) * | 1971-01-18 | 1980-03-20 | Dr. Karl Thomae Gmbh, 7950 Biberach | New means of treating and caring for the skin |
| JPS4868727A (en) * | 1971-12-25 | 1973-09-19 | ||
| JPS536217B2 (en) * | 1972-11-30 | 1978-03-06 | ||
| JPS518953B2 (en) * | 1973-07-26 | 1976-03-22 | ||
| JPS60214744A (en) * | 1984-04-06 | 1985-10-28 | Nitto Electric Ind Co Ltd | Assistant for transcutaneous absorption and drug composition for external use containing the same |
| GB8421112D0 (en) * | 1984-08-20 | 1984-09-26 | Unilever Plc | Pyroglutamic acid esters |
| JPS6160620A (en) * | 1984-09-03 | 1986-03-28 | Teijin Ltd | Pharmaceutical composition containing pyroglutamic acid ester |
| JPS61103840A (en) * | 1984-10-26 | 1986-05-22 | Nitto Electric Ind Co Ltd | Dermatologic administration composition |
| GB8630720D0 (en) * | 1986-12-23 | 1987-02-04 | Unilever Plc | Cosmetic compositions |
| GB8811408D0 (en) * | 1988-05-13 | 1988-06-15 | Unilever Plc | Cosmetic composition |
-
1988
- 1988-05-13 GB GB888811409A patent/GB8811409D0/en active Pending
-
1989
- 1989-05-10 AU AU34603/89A patent/AU621883B2/en not_active Expired
- 1989-05-10 CA CA000599220A patent/CA1325596C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-11 IN IN124/BOM/89A patent/IN169426B/en unknown
- 1989-05-12 DE DE68917512T patent/DE68917512T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-12 EP EP89304843A patent/EP0342056B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-12 ZA ZA893564A patent/ZA893564B/en unknown
- 1989-05-12 ES ES89304843T patent/ES2058517T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-12 AT AT89304843T patent/ATE109964T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-05-12 JP JP01120227A patent/JP3026570B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-04-11 US US07/683,589 patent/US5137714A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0217111A (en) | 1990-01-22 |
| IN169426B (en) | 1991-10-12 |
| EP0342056B1 (en) | 1994-08-17 |
| DE68917512T2 (en) | 1995-01-05 |
| DE68917512D1 (en) | 1994-09-22 |
| AU3460389A (en) | 1989-11-16 |
| GB8811409D0 (en) | 1988-06-15 |
| ATE109964T1 (en) | 1994-09-15 |
| US5137714A (en) | 1992-08-11 |
| JP3026570B2 (en) | 2000-03-27 |
| ES2058517T3 (en) | 1994-11-01 |
| EP0342056A2 (en) | 1989-11-15 |
| ZA893564B (en) | 1991-01-30 |
| AU621883B2 (en) | 1992-03-26 |
| EP0342056A3 (en) | 1990-04-18 |
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