CA1333000C - Apparatus and method for hydropatterning fabric - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for hydropatterning fabricInfo
- Publication number
- CA1333000C CA1333000C CA 596622 CA596622A CA1333000C CA 1333000 C CA1333000 C CA 1333000C CA 596622 CA596622 CA 596622 CA 596622 A CA596622 A CA 596622A CA 1333000 C CA1333000 C CA 1333000C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- support surface
- hydropatterning
- pattern
- conveyor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C59/02—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
- D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
- D04H1/495—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet for formation of patterns, e.g. drilling or rearrangement
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H18/00—Needling machines
- D04H18/04—Needling machines with water jets
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
- D06C23/00—Making patterns or designs on fabrics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2313/00—Use of textile products or fabrics as reinforcement
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/689—Hydroentangled nonwoven fabric
Abstract
An hydropatterning apparatus conveys a sheet of fabric through a patterning station along a machine direction on a conveyor, preferably a drum, having a support surface formed with a pattern of raised or solid areas and lowered or void areas, and has one or more manifolds of hydrojet nozzles disposed above the conveyor for directing a continuous curtain of fluid downwardly to impact on the fabric so that properties of the fabric become altered in correspondence to the pattern of the support surface. Fabric colored with a non-colorfast dye is hydropatterned by subtractive color removal to obtain a patterned washout effect. Alternatively, a support surface having raised or embossed areas is used to obtain a fiber displacement, lace-like effect in light fabrics. The disclosed hydropatterning technique is particularly suitable for producing a color washout effect in indigo dyed denim.
Description
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR HYDROPATTERNING FABRIC
SPECIFICATION
Field of The Invention This invention generally relates to a method and apparatus for producing a visual pattern or other patterned effect in fabric, and more particularly, for producing a pattern through treatment with water.
Background Art It has become desirable to impart a visual pattern or other patterned effect on some types of fabrics. For example, it is desireable to produce a washed-out, distressed, or pre-worn effect on dyed denim fabrics. Dyeing and dye printing are normally additive processes where dyes or pigments are added to natural, white, or previously dyed fabrics. Creating distressed or pre-worn surface effects is generally a subtractive process of removing color from the dyed fabric. Several subtractive, dyed fabric treatment processes are known in the art, but have been found to be unsatisfactory for various reasons.
For example, discharye printing is a subtractive printing process where fabric is piece-dyed and then printed with a paste of ~' ~.
13330~o Veratec 4125 caustic soda and sodium hydrosulfite to destroy the color in the printed areas. The caustic paste used to remove the base color must be thoroughly washed out, or it can have a serious deteriorating effect on the fabric.
Acid washing is a chemically induced, subtractive process which removes color from fabric already cut and sewn into garments.
Acid washed effects are achieved by soaking pumice stone in chlorine bleach, which are then added to a load of denim garments in an industrial washing machine without water. The load of stones and garments is agitated for a length of time based upon the degree of "frosting" or color removal desired, e.g. from one to several hours.
The effect of the acid coupled with the abrasion caused by the stones is extremely detrimental to fabric strength and durability.
Stone washing is a mechanical, color subtractive process achieved by a combination of crocking, abrasion, and lack of color fastness to washing. Here denim garments are loaded into industrial washers along with water and pumice stones and agitated for a predetermined length of time. The degree of washout can be somewhat controlled by the length of the agitation cycle, however, the overall effect is the end result of substantially random processes. The fabric is subject to less abuse and deterioration in stone washing than in acid washing. However, for both stone and acid washing, the washout patterning of the fabric cannot be precisely controlled and made repeatable from load to load. In both cases, the wash equipment is subjected to extremely hard beating caused by the tumbling and crumbling of the pumice stone.
13~000 Veratec 4125 Acid washing and other chemical treatment of fabrics generate large amounts of contaminated or caustic effluents which are discharged to the environment. It is highly desireable to find ways to reduce the amounts of polluted effluents that are discharged to the environment.
In order to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, it is a principal object of the invention to provide an apparatus and related method for producing a visual pattern or other effect on fabric which minimizes abuse and deterioration of the process equipment, as well as the fabric being processed. In particular, it is a specific object to obtain subtractive color patterning of woven fabric by non-caustic fluid treatment which does not wear down and damage the process equipment and deteriorate the fabric. It is a further object to pattern fabric through a process which reduces the amounts of polluted effluents that are discharged to the environment.
Summary of The Invention The present invention encompasses an hydropatterning apparatus comprising: a conveyor for conveying a sheet of fabric through a patterning station along a machine direction, the conveyor including a support surface formed with a pattern of solid areas and void areas interspersed therein, wherein the fabric is placed flat in contact with the support surface as it is carried through the patterning station; hydrojet means disposed above the conveyor for directing a curtain of fluid downwardly to impact on the fabric as it is moved through the patterning station on the support surface, 133303~
Veratec 4125 wherein said curtain of fluid is substantially continuous across the fabric and is controlled such that a visual property of the fabric become altered in correspondence to the pattern of solid areas and void areas of the support surface due to the impact of the fluid curtain on the fabric against the patterned support surface. The invention also includes a process for hydropatterning fabric as in the above-described apparatus, as well as the patterned fabric product produced by such process.
In the preferred form of the invention, the hydropatterning apparatus includes a plurality of manifolds mounted in parallel along the periphery of a conveyor drum forming a series of curtains of water under which the fabric is conveyed, each manifold including a plurality of nozzles, distributed in the cross direction perpendicular to the machine direction, which eject divergent, overlapping jets of water so that the water curtain impacts substantially evenly across the width of the fabric. The nozzles preferably have wide divergent openings so that they do not become clogged with fibers from the fabric and other debris, have angles of divergence in the range of 2 to 45 degrees, and are disposed about 1 to 10 inches above the conveyor. Preferred results are obtained using water pressures of about 1000 psi at process speeds of 60 ft/min, and with energy of 0.4 to 2.0 hp-hr/sq-yd.
A specific application for the present invention is the hydropatterning of dyed woven fabric obtained by washing color from areas of the fabric in contact with the solid areas of the patterned support surface. The support surface is formed with a pattern of 13330û0 solid and void areas corresponding to the washout pattern to be obtained on the fabric. The void areas preferably occupy approximately 25 percent of the overall pattern area.
A further application for the present invention is the hydropatterning of fabric obtained by displacement of yarn or fibre in repeating patterns in the fabric. Light density or loosely woven fabrics are subjected to the above-described hydrojet treatment while in contact with a support surface having a pattern of raised areas, such as domes, or three-dimensionally embossed or relief-patterned woven screens.
Visual effects such as ribbing, wavy lines, checkering, geometric or floral designs, or lacework can be obtained.
Hydropatterned fibre displacement can be applied to dyed or undyed woven or knitted fabrics, as well as to nonwoven and stitch-bonded fabrics.
In a broad aspect, therefore, the present invention relates to a hydropatterning apparatus for producing a visual pattern in a knitted, woven or bonded, nonwoven fabric comprising: a conveyor for conveying a sheet of the knitted, woven or bonded, nonwoven fabric to a patterning station along a machine direction, the conveyor including a support surface formed with a pattern of raised and lowered areas and solid or void areas interspersed therein, wherein the fabric is placed flat in contact with the support surface as it is carried through the patterning station; hydrojet means disposed above the conveyor for directing a curtain of non-compressible fluid downwardly to impact on the fabric as it is moved through the B
- 5(a) - 1 3 ~ 30~0 patterning station on the support surface, wherein said fluid curtain is substantially continuous across the fabric, such that a visual property of the fabric becomes altered in correspondence to the pattern of the support surface due to the impact of the fluid curtain on the fabric against the patterned support surface, wherein, said hydrojet means includes a manifold extending in a cross direction perpendicular to the machine direction having a plurality of nozzles spaced in the cross direction which eject divergent, fan sprays having an angle of divergence so as to provide overlapping jets of water forming said water curtain substantially evenly across the fabric.
In another broad aspect, the present invention relates to a method for hydropatterning a visual pattern in a knitted, woven or bonded, nonwoven fabric, comprising the steps of:
conveying a sheet of the knitted, woven or bonded, nonwoven fabric along a machine direction supported on a support surface formed with a pattern of raised and lowered areas and solid or void areas interspersed therein; directing a curtain of non-compressible fluid downwardly to impact on the fabric as it is conveyed on the support surface, wherein said fIuid curtain is substantially continuous across the fabric, such that a visual property of the fabric become altered in correspondence to the pattern of raised or solid areas and lowered or void areas of the support surface due to the impact of the curtain of fluid on the fabric against the support surface.
- 5(b) - ~33303 In a further broad aspect, the present invention relates to a hydropatterning apparatus for producing a colour washout pattern in a woven or knitted fabric comprising: a woven or knitted fabric workpiece having a non-colourfast dye component, a conveyor for carrying the fabric in a machine direction, the conveyor including a support member maintained in direct contact with the fabric and formed with a patterned surface of raised and lowered areas having solid or perforated surfaces, hydrojet means for evenly impacting the fabric with a continuous curtain of fluid extending in a cross direction with respect to the machine direction, and having sufficient force and coverage to selectively remove dye from the fabric in correspondence with the patterned surface of the support member.
In another broad aspect, the present invention relates to a hydropatterning method for producing a colour washout pattern in a woven or knitted fabric comprising: conveying a woven or knitted fabric in a machine direction, on and in direct contact with a support member, the fabric having a non-colourfast dye component and the support member having a patterned surface of raised and lowered areas having solid or perforated surfaces, evenly impacting the fabric with a continuous curtain of fluid extending in a cross direction with respect to the machine direction, and having sufficient force and coverage to selectively remove dye from the fabric in correspondence with the patterned surface of the support member.
B
- 5(c) - 133300~
In another broad aspect, the present invention relates to a hydropatterned woven or knitted fabric comprising dyed yarns selectively faded to form an even and reproducible patterned surface by interaction between an evenly controlled application of a non-compressible fluid under pressure and an underlying patterned backing.
In yet another broad aspect, the present invention relates to a hydropatterning apparatus for producing a visual pattern in a woven fabric comprising: a woven fabric workpiece having warp yarns and fill yarns which intersect at crossover points; a conveyor for carrying the fabric in a machine direction, the conveyor including a support member maintained in direct contact with the fabric and formed with a patterned surface of raised and lowered areas having solid or perforated surfaces interspersed therein; hydrojet means for evenly impacting the fabric with a continuous curtain of liquid extending in a cross direction with respect to the machine direction, and having force and coverage effective to raise the fibres in said warp and fill yarns, to displace said yarns in correspondence with the patterned surface of the support member, and to cause entanglement of adjacent yarns at said crossover points.
In still another broad aspect, the present invention relates to a hydropatterning method for producing a visual pattern in a woven fabric comprising: supporting a woven fabric having warp yarns and fill yarns which intersect at crossover points; on and in direct contact with a patterned ~3 ' - 5(d) - 1333~Q~
support surface of raised and lowered areas having solid and perforated surfaces interspersed therein; conveying said woven or knitted fabric in a machine direction; evenly impacting the fabric with a continuous curtain of liquid extending in a cross direction with respect to the machine direction, and having force and coverage effective to raise fibres in said warp and fill yarns, to displace said yarns in correspondence with the patterned surface of the support member, and to cause entanglement of adjacent yarns at said crossover points.
In still another broad aspect, the present invention relates to a hydropatterned woven fabric comprised of warp yarns and fill yarns which intersect at crossover points, said fabric being supported on a patterned support surface of raised and lowered areas having solid or perforated surfaces interspersed therein, said fabric being subjected to treatment by a continuous curtain of liquid extending across the width of the fabric with force and coverage effective to raise the fibres in said warp and fill yarns, to displace said yarns in correspondence with the patterned surface of the support member, and to cause entanglement of adjacent yarns at said crossover points.
Other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the best mode of practising the invention when considered with reference to the drawings, as follows:
B
- 5(e) - 13330~D
Brief Description of the Drawings FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process steps for hydropatterning fabric in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating one embodiment of hydropatterning apparatus for carrying out the invention;
FIG. 3 is a side schematic view of the hydropatterning apparatus illustrated in Fig. 2;
/
/
/
B
13330~0 Veratec 4125 FIG. 4 is a side schematic view of another embodiment of the hydropatterning apparatus;
FIG. 5A is a sectional view showing a planar support surface for hydropatterning fabric which has a pattern of void and solid areas suitable for color washout effects, and FIG. 5B is a sectional view of a drum support surface which has a pattern of domes and depressed areas suitable for fiber displacement effects;
FIGS. 6A to 6K are photographs of support surface patterns and the resulting dye washout effects obtained in the fabric in accordance with the invention; and FIGS. 7A to 7L are photographs of support surface patterns and the resulting fiber displacement effects obtained in the fabric.
Best Mode Of Carrying Out The Invention The hydropatterning apparatus and related method and products of the invention obtain a controllable and repeatable visual pattern in fabric by the application of a non-caustic fluid under pressure to the fabric carried in contact with a patterned support surface. The invention as described herein applies a continuous curtain of water to obtain a subtractive, color washout effect in dyed woven fabrics, such as in warp dyed denim with indigo dyestuff, and fiber displacement patterns in light density or loosely woven fabrics.
However, it should be understood that the principles of the invention may be applied to other applications besides color washout and fiber displacement, may employ other non-caustic fluids besides water, and may be used with other types of fabrics, including nonwoven fabrics.
133~00 Veratec 4125 Referring to the general process steps of the invention as illustrated in Fig. 1, incoming fabric is subjected to any required pre-treatment, such as dyeing with dyestuff to obtain a base color level. The pre-treated fabric is then subjected to the hydropatterning treatment of the invention at a patterning station, which receives a supply of high pressure water from and returns recovered water to the associated water processing equipment. The patterned fabric from the patterning station is then subjected to any required post-treatment, such as drying under tension on conventional tenter frames, to obtain the final fabric product.
In the following description of one embodiment of the hydropatterning apparatus, a continuous sheet of dyed woven fabric is subjected to hydropatterning treatment to produce a color washout effect. The dyeing of woven fabric is deemed to be well known to those skilled in the art. The type of dyestuff and method of dyeing plays an important role in the patterning effect to be obtained. For dyed denim, indigo dye is preferred for its surface or layered characteristic, i.e. not being fast to washing, which produces patterned effects by the removal of dye from the surface of the yarns in discrete areas. The indigo dye is typically applied by passing yarns from a warp beam through a series of 5 to 8 dye baths to form a number of dye coats on the surface of the fibers.
Referring now to one preferred form of hydropatterning apparatus shown in Fig. 2, the patterning station 10 includes an endless conveyor 24 driven by rollers 26, 28 for advancing the fabric 12 in a machine direction (arrow indicating a downstream Veratec 4125 direction). Preferred line speeds for the conveyor are in the range of lO to SO0 ft/min. The conveyor 24 presents a generally planar support surface 16 in the patterning zone which is formed with a plain weave pattern of solid (or raised) and void (or lowered) areas, e.g. grid, honeycomb, diamond, striated, etc. The fabric is supported in contact with the solid or raised areas of the pattern, while the void areas drain away the water applied to the fabric, as described further below. In the preferred embodiments, the void areas occupy approximately 25 percent of the overall pattern area.
The fabric 12 in Fig. 2 has a different cross-hatching at the exit end 42 from the incoming fabric at the entry end 38 to indicate that it has been altered by the hydropatterning process.
Mounted above the conveyor 24 is an arrangement of manifolds 30 spaced apart in parallel and aligned in a cross direction of the fabric which is perpendicular to the machine direction. The manifolds 30 are spaced approximately 4 inches apart, and are positioned at least 1.0 inch, and preferably in the range of 1 to 10 inches above the conveyor. Each manifold has a row of water jet nozzles 36, spaced along the cross direction, which ejects a divergent fan jet 34 of water downwardly on the fabric 12. The fan jets 34 overlap to form a continuous curtain 40 of water which impacts substantially evenly across the width of the fabric. This produces an even pressure of water on the fabric against the patterned support surface in order to avoid streaking or otherwise uneven patterning.
The manifolds are designed to deliver fluid pressures to the 1333~{~D
Veratec 4125 nozzles 36 in the range of 200 to 2500 psi. The nozzles of the manifold are spaced approximately 1 inch apart and are positioned 1 to 10 inches above the conveyor 24. The fan jets 34 diverge in a fan-shape having an angle of divergence in the cross direction relative to the nozzle axis which is perpendicular to the conveyor surface. The angle of divergence may be from 2 to 45 degrees, and experimentation has shown that a divergence angle of about 18 degrees yields an optimum fan shape and an even curtain of water pressure.
The output energy of the curtain of water is preferably in the range of 0.4 to 2.0 hp-hr/sq-yd of fabric, and particularly 1.0 hp-hr/sq-yd. In the case of heavier fabrics such as denim, the energy applied to the surface of the fabric may be a surface effect and therefore independent of weight.
Preferred nozzles for use in the invention are of the type manufactured by Spraying Systems Co., distributed by J.W. Snowden &
Associates, Manchester, New Hampsire, under product designation 0503-TC. This nozzle has a tungsten carbide spray tip which has been found effective for providing regulated pressure sprays. The ejection orifices in the nozzle have a non-circular shaped configuration. The preferred nozzle has an effective diameter of about 0.43 inches and flow rate of 1.5 gallons/min with an effective jet spray angle of approximately 18 degrees and 1000 psi.
As shown in Fig. 3, as the fabric is moved on the conveyor 24 through the series of water curtains 40, the water impacts on the fabric against the raised or solid areas of the patterned support surface. It is found that a dye which lacks a certain degree of 133~
Veratec 4125 color fastness, such as indigo dye, will wash out from the fabric in the raised or solid areas at least partially under the pressure of the water curtains. The water and carried-away dye is drained through the void areas of the support surface to a collecting tank 50 below the conveyor 24. A filter 52 is provided to remove dislodged fibers and other debris, and a recirculating pump 54 returns the water under pressure to the manifolds 30. The washed out dye may be removed by the use of settling tanks.
A preferred conveyor structure is shown in Fig. 4 employing a 10 cylindrical or drum conveyor 24 and patterned support surface 60.
The manifolds 30 are arranged in close proximity at the upper part of the circumference of the support member. In its other aspects, the operation of this embodiment is similar to the first described embodiment, although the drum conveyor is found to provide preferred results. The water processing equipment in this embodiment includes a filtration system of the type manufactured by Dore Oliver Inc., Stamford, Connecticut, under product designation 120 DSM Screen. The DSM system has a dispensing nozzle 64 and filter screen 66 which directs fiber debris into discharge receptacle 70, while the filtered 20 fluid is diverted to be recirculated through pump 72. A settling tank is used for dyestuff recovery, although it is not shown in the drawing .
In Fig. 5A, a side sectional view illustrates the washout patterning function of the water curtains 40 impacting downward on the fabric 12 carried on the support surface 16 (60). The support surface has a pattern of solid areas 16a and void areas 16b, such as ~ 3 ~ 0 Veratec 4125 may be produced by a honeycomb or evenly perforated pattern in a screen. The pressure of the water jets presses the fabric 12 against the support surface so that portions of it are supported on the solid areas 16a and other portions are depressed into the void areas 16b. It is found that, for a dyed fabric, the dye tends to wash out from the raised portions supported on the solid areas 16a, and to drain into and to be retained in the depressed portions in the void areas 16b, thereby producing a color washout pattern corresponding to the pattern of the support surface.
In Figs. 6A to 6K, examples of several patterned support surfaces and the resulting pattern effect obtained on the fabric are shown. Generally, the support surface is formed out of fine wire mesh in which raised areas are formed in a repeating pattern, or from a metal plate in which void areas are perforated. In Fig. 6A the support surface was a perforated metal plate with round void areas, and the resulting fabric is shown in Fig. 6B having a stippled washout effect. The support surface in Fig. 6C is a wire mesh embossed with a repeating flower pattern, and the resulting patterned fabric is shown in Fig. 6D. The wire mesh employed a basket weave embossing in Fig. 6E, with the result in Fig. 6F, a plaid embossing in Fig. 6G, with the result in Fig. 6H, a lines/dots embossing in Fig. 6I, with the result in Fig. 6J. The patterned result of a wire mesh drum embossed with a honeycomb pattern is shown in Fig. 6K.
Besides retaining the washout pattern, the resulting fabrics can also retain a three-dimensional embossed effect corresponding to 13~3fl~
Veratec 4125 the pattern of the support surface due to the pressure of the water at the hydropatterning station forcing the fabric into the open areas of the screen or plate. The patterned fabrics may be treated with sizing or other stiffeners or heat setting to make the embossed effect more permanent. The embossed effect can be obtained alone, without the washout effect, by using dyestuff which is more color fast than indigo or other vat dyes.
In Fig. 5B, a side sectional view illustrates the fiber displacement patterning function of the water curtains 40 impacting downward on the fabric 12 carried on the drum support surface 16 (60). The drum support surface has a three-dimensionally embossed or woven relief pattern of raised or embossed areas 16a, such as in the shape of domes, and void areas 16b. The pressure of the water jets presses the fabric 12 against the support surface so that portions of it are forced against the domed areas 16a and other portions are depressed into the lowered or void areas 16b. The drum support surface is preferred for both color washout and fiber displacement effects. It is found that, for light density or loosely woven fabrics, the fibers are displaced by the action of the water and become entangled together at crossover points. The yarns are thus locked together, creating open areas or lace-like fabric with good cohesion and stability. The fabric also exhibits good drape and hand, because it is such an open fabric, yet has limited yarn slippage due to the locking together of the fibers during hydropatterning. The patterning is most effective in lightweight fabrics with fine to moderate size yarns. Such patterns can include 13330~0 Veratec 4125 ribbing, wavy lines, checkering, geometric or floral designs, or lacework effects. The use of higher energy water curtains or treating the patterned fabrics with sizing can make the displacement effect more permanent.
Figs. 7A to 7L show samples of the displacement patterns obtained in fabrics with different patterned screens. In Fig. 7A, a blouse fabric made of polyester/rayon, having filament warp yarns of 76 ends/inch in the warp (machine) direction, and spun fill of 31 picks/inch in the cross direction, is patterned using the flower patterned screen shown in Fig. 7B. The photomicrograph of Fig. 7C
shows a magnified view (16x) of the yarn displacement obtained. In Fig. 7D, a shirt fabric of 100% cotton, of 76 ends/inch by 68 picks/inch, is patterned using the woven mesh (20x20/inch) screen shown in Fig. 7E, with the displacement result shown magnified (16x) in Fig. 7F. In Fig. 7G, a seeded batiste fabric, composed of 92%
polyester and 8% cotton fibers, of 90 ends/inch by 44 picks/inch, is obtained using the wavy lines/dots screen shown in Fig. 7H, with the displacement result shown magnified (16x) in Fig. 7I. Fig. 7J
further shows the blouse fabric patterned with the wavy lines/dots screen of Fig. 7H, with the fiber displacement result shown magnified (16x) in Fig. 7K and (18x) in Fig. 7L.
Thus, the invention provides a method and apparatus for patterning fabrics by the use of one or more water curtains under pressure against a patterned screen. The pattern can be regularly repeated in the fabric and controlled for the desired effect. A wide range of patterned designs and visual effects can be obtained. The ~ 333~DO
Veratec 4125 hydropatterning technique of the invention produces minimal wear and tear on the process equipment and on the fabric being processed.
Furthermore, the production of caustic or chemical wastes is minimized, thereby lessening the impact of such fabric treatment processes on the environment.
A wide range of other patterning effects can be achieved by using different dyes, colors, dyeing processes, water curtain configurations, screen patterns, fabrics, and fabric weaves. The water curtain can be generated by other types and arrangements of nozzles and pressure manifolds. Woven, perforated, or expanded metal or plastic screens or other three-dimensional screens with raised and lowered areas can be used for the support surface to achieve the patterned effect. The hydrojet processing of the fabric can also employ additives, such as caustic agents and abrasives, if desired, and other types of fluids. Besides woven fabrics, other nonwoven, bonded, layered, gauze, or composite fabrics or laminates may be similarly hydropatterned in accordance with the principles of the invention. Other variations of structures, materials, products, and processes may be devised, which are nevertheless considered to be within the spirit and scope of the present invention, as defined in the claims appended hereto.
SPECIFICATION
Field of The Invention This invention generally relates to a method and apparatus for producing a visual pattern or other patterned effect in fabric, and more particularly, for producing a pattern through treatment with water.
Background Art It has become desirable to impart a visual pattern or other patterned effect on some types of fabrics. For example, it is desireable to produce a washed-out, distressed, or pre-worn effect on dyed denim fabrics. Dyeing and dye printing are normally additive processes where dyes or pigments are added to natural, white, or previously dyed fabrics. Creating distressed or pre-worn surface effects is generally a subtractive process of removing color from the dyed fabric. Several subtractive, dyed fabric treatment processes are known in the art, but have been found to be unsatisfactory for various reasons.
For example, discharye printing is a subtractive printing process where fabric is piece-dyed and then printed with a paste of ~' ~.
13330~o Veratec 4125 caustic soda and sodium hydrosulfite to destroy the color in the printed areas. The caustic paste used to remove the base color must be thoroughly washed out, or it can have a serious deteriorating effect on the fabric.
Acid washing is a chemically induced, subtractive process which removes color from fabric already cut and sewn into garments.
Acid washed effects are achieved by soaking pumice stone in chlorine bleach, which are then added to a load of denim garments in an industrial washing machine without water. The load of stones and garments is agitated for a length of time based upon the degree of "frosting" or color removal desired, e.g. from one to several hours.
The effect of the acid coupled with the abrasion caused by the stones is extremely detrimental to fabric strength and durability.
Stone washing is a mechanical, color subtractive process achieved by a combination of crocking, abrasion, and lack of color fastness to washing. Here denim garments are loaded into industrial washers along with water and pumice stones and agitated for a predetermined length of time. The degree of washout can be somewhat controlled by the length of the agitation cycle, however, the overall effect is the end result of substantially random processes. The fabric is subject to less abuse and deterioration in stone washing than in acid washing. However, for both stone and acid washing, the washout patterning of the fabric cannot be precisely controlled and made repeatable from load to load. In both cases, the wash equipment is subjected to extremely hard beating caused by the tumbling and crumbling of the pumice stone.
13~000 Veratec 4125 Acid washing and other chemical treatment of fabrics generate large amounts of contaminated or caustic effluents which are discharged to the environment. It is highly desireable to find ways to reduce the amounts of polluted effluents that are discharged to the environment.
In order to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, it is a principal object of the invention to provide an apparatus and related method for producing a visual pattern or other effect on fabric which minimizes abuse and deterioration of the process equipment, as well as the fabric being processed. In particular, it is a specific object to obtain subtractive color patterning of woven fabric by non-caustic fluid treatment which does not wear down and damage the process equipment and deteriorate the fabric. It is a further object to pattern fabric through a process which reduces the amounts of polluted effluents that are discharged to the environment.
Summary of The Invention The present invention encompasses an hydropatterning apparatus comprising: a conveyor for conveying a sheet of fabric through a patterning station along a machine direction, the conveyor including a support surface formed with a pattern of solid areas and void areas interspersed therein, wherein the fabric is placed flat in contact with the support surface as it is carried through the patterning station; hydrojet means disposed above the conveyor for directing a curtain of fluid downwardly to impact on the fabric as it is moved through the patterning station on the support surface, 133303~
Veratec 4125 wherein said curtain of fluid is substantially continuous across the fabric and is controlled such that a visual property of the fabric become altered in correspondence to the pattern of solid areas and void areas of the support surface due to the impact of the fluid curtain on the fabric against the patterned support surface. The invention also includes a process for hydropatterning fabric as in the above-described apparatus, as well as the patterned fabric product produced by such process.
In the preferred form of the invention, the hydropatterning apparatus includes a plurality of manifolds mounted in parallel along the periphery of a conveyor drum forming a series of curtains of water under which the fabric is conveyed, each manifold including a plurality of nozzles, distributed in the cross direction perpendicular to the machine direction, which eject divergent, overlapping jets of water so that the water curtain impacts substantially evenly across the width of the fabric. The nozzles preferably have wide divergent openings so that they do not become clogged with fibers from the fabric and other debris, have angles of divergence in the range of 2 to 45 degrees, and are disposed about 1 to 10 inches above the conveyor. Preferred results are obtained using water pressures of about 1000 psi at process speeds of 60 ft/min, and with energy of 0.4 to 2.0 hp-hr/sq-yd.
A specific application for the present invention is the hydropatterning of dyed woven fabric obtained by washing color from areas of the fabric in contact with the solid areas of the patterned support surface. The support surface is formed with a pattern of 13330û0 solid and void areas corresponding to the washout pattern to be obtained on the fabric. The void areas preferably occupy approximately 25 percent of the overall pattern area.
A further application for the present invention is the hydropatterning of fabric obtained by displacement of yarn or fibre in repeating patterns in the fabric. Light density or loosely woven fabrics are subjected to the above-described hydrojet treatment while in contact with a support surface having a pattern of raised areas, such as domes, or three-dimensionally embossed or relief-patterned woven screens.
Visual effects such as ribbing, wavy lines, checkering, geometric or floral designs, or lacework can be obtained.
Hydropatterned fibre displacement can be applied to dyed or undyed woven or knitted fabrics, as well as to nonwoven and stitch-bonded fabrics.
In a broad aspect, therefore, the present invention relates to a hydropatterning apparatus for producing a visual pattern in a knitted, woven or bonded, nonwoven fabric comprising: a conveyor for conveying a sheet of the knitted, woven or bonded, nonwoven fabric to a patterning station along a machine direction, the conveyor including a support surface formed with a pattern of raised and lowered areas and solid or void areas interspersed therein, wherein the fabric is placed flat in contact with the support surface as it is carried through the patterning station; hydrojet means disposed above the conveyor for directing a curtain of non-compressible fluid downwardly to impact on the fabric as it is moved through the B
- 5(a) - 1 3 ~ 30~0 patterning station on the support surface, wherein said fluid curtain is substantially continuous across the fabric, such that a visual property of the fabric becomes altered in correspondence to the pattern of the support surface due to the impact of the fluid curtain on the fabric against the patterned support surface, wherein, said hydrojet means includes a manifold extending in a cross direction perpendicular to the machine direction having a plurality of nozzles spaced in the cross direction which eject divergent, fan sprays having an angle of divergence so as to provide overlapping jets of water forming said water curtain substantially evenly across the fabric.
In another broad aspect, the present invention relates to a method for hydropatterning a visual pattern in a knitted, woven or bonded, nonwoven fabric, comprising the steps of:
conveying a sheet of the knitted, woven or bonded, nonwoven fabric along a machine direction supported on a support surface formed with a pattern of raised and lowered areas and solid or void areas interspersed therein; directing a curtain of non-compressible fluid downwardly to impact on the fabric as it is conveyed on the support surface, wherein said fIuid curtain is substantially continuous across the fabric, such that a visual property of the fabric become altered in correspondence to the pattern of raised or solid areas and lowered or void areas of the support surface due to the impact of the curtain of fluid on the fabric against the support surface.
- 5(b) - ~33303 In a further broad aspect, the present invention relates to a hydropatterning apparatus for producing a colour washout pattern in a woven or knitted fabric comprising: a woven or knitted fabric workpiece having a non-colourfast dye component, a conveyor for carrying the fabric in a machine direction, the conveyor including a support member maintained in direct contact with the fabric and formed with a patterned surface of raised and lowered areas having solid or perforated surfaces, hydrojet means for evenly impacting the fabric with a continuous curtain of fluid extending in a cross direction with respect to the machine direction, and having sufficient force and coverage to selectively remove dye from the fabric in correspondence with the patterned surface of the support member.
In another broad aspect, the present invention relates to a hydropatterning method for producing a colour washout pattern in a woven or knitted fabric comprising: conveying a woven or knitted fabric in a machine direction, on and in direct contact with a support member, the fabric having a non-colourfast dye component and the support member having a patterned surface of raised and lowered areas having solid or perforated surfaces, evenly impacting the fabric with a continuous curtain of fluid extending in a cross direction with respect to the machine direction, and having sufficient force and coverage to selectively remove dye from the fabric in correspondence with the patterned surface of the support member.
B
- 5(c) - 133300~
In another broad aspect, the present invention relates to a hydropatterned woven or knitted fabric comprising dyed yarns selectively faded to form an even and reproducible patterned surface by interaction between an evenly controlled application of a non-compressible fluid under pressure and an underlying patterned backing.
In yet another broad aspect, the present invention relates to a hydropatterning apparatus for producing a visual pattern in a woven fabric comprising: a woven fabric workpiece having warp yarns and fill yarns which intersect at crossover points; a conveyor for carrying the fabric in a machine direction, the conveyor including a support member maintained in direct contact with the fabric and formed with a patterned surface of raised and lowered areas having solid or perforated surfaces interspersed therein; hydrojet means for evenly impacting the fabric with a continuous curtain of liquid extending in a cross direction with respect to the machine direction, and having force and coverage effective to raise the fibres in said warp and fill yarns, to displace said yarns in correspondence with the patterned surface of the support member, and to cause entanglement of adjacent yarns at said crossover points.
In still another broad aspect, the present invention relates to a hydropatterning method for producing a visual pattern in a woven fabric comprising: supporting a woven fabric having warp yarns and fill yarns which intersect at crossover points; on and in direct contact with a patterned ~3 ' - 5(d) - 1333~Q~
support surface of raised and lowered areas having solid and perforated surfaces interspersed therein; conveying said woven or knitted fabric in a machine direction; evenly impacting the fabric with a continuous curtain of liquid extending in a cross direction with respect to the machine direction, and having force and coverage effective to raise fibres in said warp and fill yarns, to displace said yarns in correspondence with the patterned surface of the support member, and to cause entanglement of adjacent yarns at said crossover points.
In still another broad aspect, the present invention relates to a hydropatterned woven fabric comprised of warp yarns and fill yarns which intersect at crossover points, said fabric being supported on a patterned support surface of raised and lowered areas having solid or perforated surfaces interspersed therein, said fabric being subjected to treatment by a continuous curtain of liquid extending across the width of the fabric with force and coverage effective to raise the fibres in said warp and fill yarns, to displace said yarns in correspondence with the patterned surface of the support member, and to cause entanglement of adjacent yarns at said crossover points.
Other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the best mode of practising the invention when considered with reference to the drawings, as follows:
B
- 5(e) - 13330~D
Brief Description of the Drawings FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process steps for hydropatterning fabric in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating one embodiment of hydropatterning apparatus for carrying out the invention;
FIG. 3 is a side schematic view of the hydropatterning apparatus illustrated in Fig. 2;
/
/
/
B
13330~0 Veratec 4125 FIG. 4 is a side schematic view of another embodiment of the hydropatterning apparatus;
FIG. 5A is a sectional view showing a planar support surface for hydropatterning fabric which has a pattern of void and solid areas suitable for color washout effects, and FIG. 5B is a sectional view of a drum support surface which has a pattern of domes and depressed areas suitable for fiber displacement effects;
FIGS. 6A to 6K are photographs of support surface patterns and the resulting dye washout effects obtained in the fabric in accordance with the invention; and FIGS. 7A to 7L are photographs of support surface patterns and the resulting fiber displacement effects obtained in the fabric.
Best Mode Of Carrying Out The Invention The hydropatterning apparatus and related method and products of the invention obtain a controllable and repeatable visual pattern in fabric by the application of a non-caustic fluid under pressure to the fabric carried in contact with a patterned support surface. The invention as described herein applies a continuous curtain of water to obtain a subtractive, color washout effect in dyed woven fabrics, such as in warp dyed denim with indigo dyestuff, and fiber displacement patterns in light density or loosely woven fabrics.
However, it should be understood that the principles of the invention may be applied to other applications besides color washout and fiber displacement, may employ other non-caustic fluids besides water, and may be used with other types of fabrics, including nonwoven fabrics.
133~00 Veratec 4125 Referring to the general process steps of the invention as illustrated in Fig. 1, incoming fabric is subjected to any required pre-treatment, such as dyeing with dyestuff to obtain a base color level. The pre-treated fabric is then subjected to the hydropatterning treatment of the invention at a patterning station, which receives a supply of high pressure water from and returns recovered water to the associated water processing equipment. The patterned fabric from the patterning station is then subjected to any required post-treatment, such as drying under tension on conventional tenter frames, to obtain the final fabric product.
In the following description of one embodiment of the hydropatterning apparatus, a continuous sheet of dyed woven fabric is subjected to hydropatterning treatment to produce a color washout effect. The dyeing of woven fabric is deemed to be well known to those skilled in the art. The type of dyestuff and method of dyeing plays an important role in the patterning effect to be obtained. For dyed denim, indigo dye is preferred for its surface or layered characteristic, i.e. not being fast to washing, which produces patterned effects by the removal of dye from the surface of the yarns in discrete areas. The indigo dye is typically applied by passing yarns from a warp beam through a series of 5 to 8 dye baths to form a number of dye coats on the surface of the fibers.
Referring now to one preferred form of hydropatterning apparatus shown in Fig. 2, the patterning station 10 includes an endless conveyor 24 driven by rollers 26, 28 for advancing the fabric 12 in a machine direction (arrow indicating a downstream Veratec 4125 direction). Preferred line speeds for the conveyor are in the range of lO to SO0 ft/min. The conveyor 24 presents a generally planar support surface 16 in the patterning zone which is formed with a plain weave pattern of solid (or raised) and void (or lowered) areas, e.g. grid, honeycomb, diamond, striated, etc. The fabric is supported in contact with the solid or raised areas of the pattern, while the void areas drain away the water applied to the fabric, as described further below. In the preferred embodiments, the void areas occupy approximately 25 percent of the overall pattern area.
The fabric 12 in Fig. 2 has a different cross-hatching at the exit end 42 from the incoming fabric at the entry end 38 to indicate that it has been altered by the hydropatterning process.
Mounted above the conveyor 24 is an arrangement of manifolds 30 spaced apart in parallel and aligned in a cross direction of the fabric which is perpendicular to the machine direction. The manifolds 30 are spaced approximately 4 inches apart, and are positioned at least 1.0 inch, and preferably in the range of 1 to 10 inches above the conveyor. Each manifold has a row of water jet nozzles 36, spaced along the cross direction, which ejects a divergent fan jet 34 of water downwardly on the fabric 12. The fan jets 34 overlap to form a continuous curtain 40 of water which impacts substantially evenly across the width of the fabric. This produces an even pressure of water on the fabric against the patterned support surface in order to avoid streaking or otherwise uneven patterning.
The manifolds are designed to deliver fluid pressures to the 1333~{~D
Veratec 4125 nozzles 36 in the range of 200 to 2500 psi. The nozzles of the manifold are spaced approximately 1 inch apart and are positioned 1 to 10 inches above the conveyor 24. The fan jets 34 diverge in a fan-shape having an angle of divergence in the cross direction relative to the nozzle axis which is perpendicular to the conveyor surface. The angle of divergence may be from 2 to 45 degrees, and experimentation has shown that a divergence angle of about 18 degrees yields an optimum fan shape and an even curtain of water pressure.
The output energy of the curtain of water is preferably in the range of 0.4 to 2.0 hp-hr/sq-yd of fabric, and particularly 1.0 hp-hr/sq-yd. In the case of heavier fabrics such as denim, the energy applied to the surface of the fabric may be a surface effect and therefore independent of weight.
Preferred nozzles for use in the invention are of the type manufactured by Spraying Systems Co., distributed by J.W. Snowden &
Associates, Manchester, New Hampsire, under product designation 0503-TC. This nozzle has a tungsten carbide spray tip which has been found effective for providing regulated pressure sprays. The ejection orifices in the nozzle have a non-circular shaped configuration. The preferred nozzle has an effective diameter of about 0.43 inches and flow rate of 1.5 gallons/min with an effective jet spray angle of approximately 18 degrees and 1000 psi.
As shown in Fig. 3, as the fabric is moved on the conveyor 24 through the series of water curtains 40, the water impacts on the fabric against the raised or solid areas of the patterned support surface. It is found that a dye which lacks a certain degree of 133~
Veratec 4125 color fastness, such as indigo dye, will wash out from the fabric in the raised or solid areas at least partially under the pressure of the water curtains. The water and carried-away dye is drained through the void areas of the support surface to a collecting tank 50 below the conveyor 24. A filter 52 is provided to remove dislodged fibers and other debris, and a recirculating pump 54 returns the water under pressure to the manifolds 30. The washed out dye may be removed by the use of settling tanks.
A preferred conveyor structure is shown in Fig. 4 employing a 10 cylindrical or drum conveyor 24 and patterned support surface 60.
The manifolds 30 are arranged in close proximity at the upper part of the circumference of the support member. In its other aspects, the operation of this embodiment is similar to the first described embodiment, although the drum conveyor is found to provide preferred results. The water processing equipment in this embodiment includes a filtration system of the type manufactured by Dore Oliver Inc., Stamford, Connecticut, under product designation 120 DSM Screen. The DSM system has a dispensing nozzle 64 and filter screen 66 which directs fiber debris into discharge receptacle 70, while the filtered 20 fluid is diverted to be recirculated through pump 72. A settling tank is used for dyestuff recovery, although it is not shown in the drawing .
In Fig. 5A, a side sectional view illustrates the washout patterning function of the water curtains 40 impacting downward on the fabric 12 carried on the support surface 16 (60). The support surface has a pattern of solid areas 16a and void areas 16b, such as ~ 3 ~ 0 Veratec 4125 may be produced by a honeycomb or evenly perforated pattern in a screen. The pressure of the water jets presses the fabric 12 against the support surface so that portions of it are supported on the solid areas 16a and other portions are depressed into the void areas 16b. It is found that, for a dyed fabric, the dye tends to wash out from the raised portions supported on the solid areas 16a, and to drain into and to be retained in the depressed portions in the void areas 16b, thereby producing a color washout pattern corresponding to the pattern of the support surface.
In Figs. 6A to 6K, examples of several patterned support surfaces and the resulting pattern effect obtained on the fabric are shown. Generally, the support surface is formed out of fine wire mesh in which raised areas are formed in a repeating pattern, or from a metal plate in which void areas are perforated. In Fig. 6A the support surface was a perforated metal plate with round void areas, and the resulting fabric is shown in Fig. 6B having a stippled washout effect. The support surface in Fig. 6C is a wire mesh embossed with a repeating flower pattern, and the resulting patterned fabric is shown in Fig. 6D. The wire mesh employed a basket weave embossing in Fig. 6E, with the result in Fig. 6F, a plaid embossing in Fig. 6G, with the result in Fig. 6H, a lines/dots embossing in Fig. 6I, with the result in Fig. 6J. The patterned result of a wire mesh drum embossed with a honeycomb pattern is shown in Fig. 6K.
Besides retaining the washout pattern, the resulting fabrics can also retain a three-dimensional embossed effect corresponding to 13~3fl~
Veratec 4125 the pattern of the support surface due to the pressure of the water at the hydropatterning station forcing the fabric into the open areas of the screen or plate. The patterned fabrics may be treated with sizing or other stiffeners or heat setting to make the embossed effect more permanent. The embossed effect can be obtained alone, without the washout effect, by using dyestuff which is more color fast than indigo or other vat dyes.
In Fig. 5B, a side sectional view illustrates the fiber displacement patterning function of the water curtains 40 impacting downward on the fabric 12 carried on the drum support surface 16 (60). The drum support surface has a three-dimensionally embossed or woven relief pattern of raised or embossed areas 16a, such as in the shape of domes, and void areas 16b. The pressure of the water jets presses the fabric 12 against the support surface so that portions of it are forced against the domed areas 16a and other portions are depressed into the lowered or void areas 16b. The drum support surface is preferred for both color washout and fiber displacement effects. It is found that, for light density or loosely woven fabrics, the fibers are displaced by the action of the water and become entangled together at crossover points. The yarns are thus locked together, creating open areas or lace-like fabric with good cohesion and stability. The fabric also exhibits good drape and hand, because it is such an open fabric, yet has limited yarn slippage due to the locking together of the fibers during hydropatterning. The patterning is most effective in lightweight fabrics with fine to moderate size yarns. Such patterns can include 13330~0 Veratec 4125 ribbing, wavy lines, checkering, geometric or floral designs, or lacework effects. The use of higher energy water curtains or treating the patterned fabrics with sizing can make the displacement effect more permanent.
Figs. 7A to 7L show samples of the displacement patterns obtained in fabrics with different patterned screens. In Fig. 7A, a blouse fabric made of polyester/rayon, having filament warp yarns of 76 ends/inch in the warp (machine) direction, and spun fill of 31 picks/inch in the cross direction, is patterned using the flower patterned screen shown in Fig. 7B. The photomicrograph of Fig. 7C
shows a magnified view (16x) of the yarn displacement obtained. In Fig. 7D, a shirt fabric of 100% cotton, of 76 ends/inch by 68 picks/inch, is patterned using the woven mesh (20x20/inch) screen shown in Fig. 7E, with the displacement result shown magnified (16x) in Fig. 7F. In Fig. 7G, a seeded batiste fabric, composed of 92%
polyester and 8% cotton fibers, of 90 ends/inch by 44 picks/inch, is obtained using the wavy lines/dots screen shown in Fig. 7H, with the displacement result shown magnified (16x) in Fig. 7I. Fig. 7J
further shows the blouse fabric patterned with the wavy lines/dots screen of Fig. 7H, with the fiber displacement result shown magnified (16x) in Fig. 7K and (18x) in Fig. 7L.
Thus, the invention provides a method and apparatus for patterning fabrics by the use of one or more water curtains under pressure against a patterned screen. The pattern can be regularly repeated in the fabric and controlled for the desired effect. A wide range of patterned designs and visual effects can be obtained. The ~ 333~DO
Veratec 4125 hydropatterning technique of the invention produces minimal wear and tear on the process equipment and on the fabric being processed.
Furthermore, the production of caustic or chemical wastes is minimized, thereby lessening the impact of such fabric treatment processes on the environment.
A wide range of other patterning effects can be achieved by using different dyes, colors, dyeing processes, water curtain configurations, screen patterns, fabrics, and fabric weaves. The water curtain can be generated by other types and arrangements of nozzles and pressure manifolds. Woven, perforated, or expanded metal or plastic screens or other three-dimensional screens with raised and lowered areas can be used for the support surface to achieve the patterned effect. The hydrojet processing of the fabric can also employ additives, such as caustic agents and abrasives, if desired, and other types of fluids. Besides woven fabrics, other nonwoven, bonded, layered, gauze, or composite fabrics or laminates may be similarly hydropatterned in accordance with the principles of the invention. Other variations of structures, materials, products, and processes may be devised, which are nevertheless considered to be within the spirit and scope of the present invention, as defined in the claims appended hereto.
Claims (20)
1. A hydropatterning apparatus for producing a visual pattern in a woven or bonded, nonwoven fabric comprising:
a conveyor for conveying a sheet of the woven or bonded, nonwoven fabric to a patterning station along a machine direction, the conveyor including a support surface formed with a pattern of raised or solid areas and lowered or void areas interspersed therein, wherein the fabric is placed flat in contact with the support surface as it is carried through the patterning station;
hydrojet means disposed above the conveyor for directing a curtain of non-compressible fluid downwardly to impact on the fabric as it is moved through the patterning station on the support surface, wherein said fluid curtain is substantially continuous across the fabric, such that a visual property of the fabric becomes altered in correspondence to the pattern of the support surface due to the impact of the fluid curtain on the fabric against the patterned support surface, wherein said hydrojet means includes a manifold extending in a cross direction perpendicular to the machine direction having a plurality of nozzles spaced in the cross direction which eject divergent, fan sprays having an angle of divergence so as to provide overlapping jets of water forming said water curtain substantially evenly across the fabric.
a conveyor for conveying a sheet of the woven or bonded, nonwoven fabric to a patterning station along a machine direction, the conveyor including a support surface formed with a pattern of raised or solid areas and lowered or void areas interspersed therein, wherein the fabric is placed flat in contact with the support surface as it is carried through the patterning station;
hydrojet means disposed above the conveyor for directing a curtain of non-compressible fluid downwardly to impact on the fabric as it is moved through the patterning station on the support surface, wherein said fluid curtain is substantially continuous across the fabric, such that a visual property of the fabric becomes altered in correspondence to the pattern of the support surface due to the impact of the fluid curtain on the fabric against the patterned support surface, wherein said hydrojet means includes a manifold extending in a cross direction perpendicular to the machine direction having a plurality of nozzles spaced in the cross direction which eject divergent, fan sprays having an angle of divergence so as to provide overlapping jets of water forming said water curtain substantially evenly across the fabric.
2. A hydropatterning apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein the conveyor is a belt conveyor driven on rollers.
3. A hydropatterning apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein the conveyor is a cylindrical drum.
4. A hydropatterning apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein the support surface has raised and lowered areas formed three-dimensionally therein.
5. A hydropatterning apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein the support surface is formed from a plate having the void areas perforated therein.
6. A hydropatterning apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein the hydrojet means includes a plurality of manifolds arranged in parallel, spaced apart, in the machine direction over the fabric.
7. A hydropatterning apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein the nozzles have an angle of divergence of 18 degrees and are disposed about 1 to 10 inches above the conveyor.
8. A hydropatterning apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein the hydrojet means employs a water pressure of about 1000 psi, and the conveyor conveys the fabric at a process speed of about 60 ft/min.
9. A hydropatterning apparatus according to Claim 1, further comprising recovery means disposed beneath the support surface for recovering and recirculating fluid passed by the hydrojet means through the fabric.
10. A hydropatterning apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein the conveyor and support surface include open areas for draining fluid from said hydrojet means downwardly therethrough.
11. A method for hydropatterning a visual pattern in a woven or bonded, nonwoven fabric, comprising the steps of:
conveying a sheet of the woven or bonded, nonwoven fabric along a machine direction supported on a support surface formed with a pattern of raised and lowered areas and solid or void areas interspersed therein;
directing a curtain of non-compressible fluid downwardly to impact on the fabric as it is conveyed on the support surface, wherein said fluid curtain is substantially continuous across the fabric, such that a visual property of the fabric become altered in correspondence to the pattern of raised or solid areas and lowered or void areas of the support surface due to the impact of the curtain of fluid on the fabric against the support surface.
conveying a sheet of the woven or bonded, nonwoven fabric along a machine direction supported on a support surface formed with a pattern of raised and lowered areas and solid or void areas interspersed therein;
directing a curtain of non-compressible fluid downwardly to impact on the fabric as it is conveyed on the support surface, wherein said fluid curtain is substantially continuous across the fabric, such that a visual property of the fabric become altered in correspondence to the pattern of raised or solid areas and lowered or void areas of the support surface due to the impact of the curtain of fluid on the fabric against the support surface.
12. A method for hydropatterning fabric according to Claim 11, wherein the fabric to be hydropatterned is dyed woven fabric which has a non-colourfast characteristic, and water is used as the fluid for subtractive colour removal of dye from the fabric to obtain a washout effect.
13. A method for hydropatterning fabric according to Claim 11, wherein the impact of fluid is used on fabric against a patterned support surface to obtain a fibre displacement effect in the fabric.
14. A method for hydropatterning fabric according to Claim 11, wherein the fluid directing step includes providing a manifold extending in a cross direction perpendicular to the machine direction, wherein the manifold ejects divergent, overlapping jets of water so that the resulting water curtain impacts substantially evenly across the fabric.
15. A method for hydropatterning fabric according to Claim 14, wherein the fluid directing step includes providing a plurality of manifolds arranged in parallel, spaced apart, in the machine direction over the fabric.
16. A product produced by the method according to Claim 11, wherein the fabric is dyed fabric, and is hydropatterned with a colour pattern effect.
17. A product produced by the method according to Claim 11, wherein the fabric is hydropatterned with a regularly repeating pattern.
18. A product produced by the method according to Claim 11, wherein the fabric is hydropatterned with a fibre displacement effect.
19. A product produced by the method according to Claim 11, wherein the fabric is indigo dyed denim, and is hydropatterned with a colour washout pattern.
20. A product produced by the method according to Claim 11, wherein the fabric is a light fabric of moderate size yarn, and is hydropatterned with a lace-like pattern.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000616914A CA1338950C (en) | 1988-04-14 | 1994-09-12 | Apparatus and method for hydropatterning fabric |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/181,284 US4960630A (en) | 1988-04-14 | 1988-04-14 | Apparatus for producing symmetrical fluid entangled non-woven fabrics and related method |
| US181,284 | 1988-04-14 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000616914A Division CA1338950C (en) | 1988-04-14 | 1994-09-12 | Apparatus and method for hydropatterning fabric |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1333000C true CA1333000C (en) | 1994-11-15 |
Family
ID=22663623
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 596177 Expired - Fee Related CA1312192C (en) | 1988-04-14 | 1989-04-10 | Apparatus for producing symmetrical fluid entangled non-woven fabrics and related method |
| CA 596622 Expired - Fee Related CA1333000C (en) | 1988-04-14 | 1989-04-13 | Apparatus and method for hydropatterning fabric |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 596177 Expired - Fee Related CA1312192C (en) | 1988-04-14 | 1989-04-10 | Apparatus for producing symmetrical fluid entangled non-woven fabrics and related method |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US4960630A (en) |
| EP (2) | EP0337451B1 (en) |
| JP (2) | JP3161714B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR940002696B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1046773C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE143706T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU3422289A (en) |
| CA (2) | CA1312192C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE68913325T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2013436A6 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX170089B (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2012699C1 (en) |
| UA (1) | UA19170A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1989009850A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (83)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5235733A (en) * | 1984-09-28 | 1993-08-17 | Milliken Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for patterning fabrics and products |
| US5080952A (en) * | 1984-09-28 | 1992-01-14 | Milliken Research Corporation | Hydraulic napping process and product |
| US5136761A (en) * | 1987-04-23 | 1992-08-11 | International Paper Company | Apparatus and method for hydroenhancing fabric |
| US5066535A (en) * | 1987-05-01 | 1991-11-19 | Milliken Research Corporation | Fabric patterning process and product |
| US5042722A (en) * | 1987-07-13 | 1991-08-27 | Honeycomb Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for jetting high velocity liquid streams onto fibrous materials |
| US5737813A (en) * | 1988-04-14 | 1998-04-14 | International Paper Company | Method and apparatus for striped patterning of dyed fabric by hydrojet treatment |
| US5632072A (en) | 1988-04-14 | 1997-05-27 | International Paper Company | Method for hydropatterning napped fabric |
| US5026587A (en) * | 1989-10-13 | 1991-06-25 | The James River Corporation | Wiping fabric |
| US5244711A (en) * | 1990-03-12 | 1993-09-14 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Apertured non-woven fabric |
| US5098764A (en) * | 1990-03-12 | 1992-03-24 | Chicopee | Non-woven fabric and method and apparatus for making the same |
| US5142752A (en) * | 1990-03-16 | 1992-09-01 | International Paper Company | Method for producing textured nonwoven fabric |
| US5311389A (en) * | 1990-04-16 | 1994-05-10 | International Paper Company | Hydroentangled fabric diskette liner |
| US5238644A (en) * | 1990-07-26 | 1993-08-24 | Johnson & Johnson Inc. | Low fluid pressure dual-sided fiber entanglement method, apparatus and resulting product |
| JP3171457B2 (en) * | 1991-04-26 | 2001-05-28 | 日本フイルコン株式会社 | Belt for producing nonwoven fabric provided with projections and method for producing nonwoven fabric having pattern formed |
| US5204158A (en) * | 1991-05-30 | 1993-04-20 | Chicopee | Irregular patterned entangled nonwoven fabrics and their production |
| FR2679573B1 (en) * | 1991-07-25 | 1993-09-24 | Perfojet Sa | PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A WASHABLE, COTTON-BASED TABLECLOTH, AND TABLECLOTH THUS OBTAINED. |
| GB2264512A (en) * | 1992-02-28 | 1993-09-01 | Lantor | Hydro-entangled non-woven fabric |
| WO1995006150A1 (en) * | 1993-03-01 | 1995-03-02 | American Nonwovens, Corporation | Non-woven fabrics |
| EP0652988B1 (en) * | 1992-07-27 | 1998-04-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Laminated dual textured treatment pads |
| US5475905A (en) * | 1993-01-21 | 1995-12-19 | Milliken Research Corporation | Apparatus to create an improved moire fabric |
| US5337460A (en) * | 1993-01-21 | 1994-08-16 | Milliken Research Corporation | Method and apparatus to create an improved moire fabric |
| EP0636727A1 (en) * | 1993-07-27 | 1995-02-01 | Japan Vilene Company, Ltd. | A non-woven fabric and method for producing the same |
| AU693461B2 (en) * | 1993-09-13 | 1998-07-02 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Tricot nonwoven fabric |
| US5585017A (en) * | 1993-09-13 | 1996-12-17 | James; William A. | Defocused laser drilling process for forming a support member of a fabric forming device |
| US5674587A (en) | 1994-09-16 | 1997-10-07 | James; William A. | Apparatus for making nonwoven fabrics having raised portions |
| US5674591A (en) † | 1994-09-16 | 1997-10-07 | James; William A. | Nonwoven fabrics having raised portions |
| USRE38505E1 (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 2004-04-20 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Nonwoven fabrics having raised portions |
| US5657520A (en) * | 1995-01-26 | 1997-08-19 | International Paper Company | Method for tentering hydroenhanced fabric |
| FR2731236B1 (en) * | 1995-03-02 | 1997-04-11 | Icbt Perfojet Sa | INSTALLATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NONWOVEN TABLECLOTHS WHICH COHESION IS OBTAINED BY THE ACTION OF FLUID JETS |
| US5806155A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-09-15 | International Paper Company | Apparatus and method for hydraulic finishing of continuous filament fabrics |
| US5983469A (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1999-11-16 | Bba Nonwovens Simpsonville, Inc. | Uniformity and product improvement in lyocell fabrics with hydraulic fluid treatment |
| US6022447A (en) | 1996-08-30 | 2000-02-08 | Kimberly-Clark Corp. | Process for treating a fibrous material and article thereof |
| US5791028A (en) * | 1997-09-03 | 1998-08-11 | Valmet Inc. | Reciprocating hydroenhancement system |
| US5862575A (en) * | 1997-09-03 | 1999-01-26 | Valmet, Inc. | On-line hydroenhancement evaluation technique |
| DE69823445T2 (en) | 1997-10-08 | 2004-09-09 | Precision Fabrics Group, Inc. | Durable, comfortable and breathable anti-allergenic tissue |
| US6277770B1 (en) | 1997-10-08 | 2001-08-21 | Precision Fabrics Group, Inc. | Durable, comfortable, air-permeable allergen-barrier fabrics |
| US5933931A (en) * | 1997-12-05 | 1999-08-10 | Bba Nonwovens Simpsonville, Inc. | Turbulence-induced hyrdroenhancing for improved enhancing efficiency |
| US6442809B1 (en) * | 1997-12-05 | 2002-09-03 | Polymer Group, Inc. | Fabric hydroenhancement method and equipment for improved efficiency |
| US6016583A (en) * | 1997-12-31 | 2000-01-25 | Los Angeles Dye And Wash Co., Inc. | Method for creating patterns in dyed garments and for creating a jacquard look in garments |
| DE19956571A1 (en) * | 1999-11-24 | 2001-05-31 | Fleissner Maschf Gmbh Co | Method and device for color patterning a web by means of hydrodynamic treatment |
| JP2001164483A (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2001-06-19 | Toray Ind Inc | Method for dyeing and finishing fiber |
| JP2001164480A (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2001-06-19 | Toray Ind Inc | Method for dyeing polyester fabric |
| AU8306501A (en) * | 2000-07-31 | 2002-02-13 | Polymer Group Inc | Method of imaging woven textile fabric |
| US6877196B2 (en) * | 2000-08-04 | 2005-04-12 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process and apparatus for increasing the isotropy in nonwoven fabrics |
| EP1337702A4 (en) * | 2000-11-03 | 2004-07-21 | Milliken & Co | Nonwoven material and method of producing the same |
| EP1332250A2 (en) * | 2000-11-08 | 2003-08-06 | Milliken & Company | Hydraulic napping of fancy weave fabrics |
| US6668435B2 (en) | 2001-01-09 | 2003-12-30 | Milliken & Company | Loop pile fabrics and methods for making same |
| DE10104072A1 (en) * | 2001-01-29 | 2002-08-01 | Fleissner Gerold | Treating water-needled fiber web of any desired kind involves drying web after application of hard water jets |
| US6694581B2 (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2004-02-24 | Textile Enhancements International, Inc. | Method for hydroenhancing fabrics using a shaped orifice |
| US20050211803A1 (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2005-09-29 | Oathout James M | Apparatus for increasing the isotropy in nonwoven fabrics |
| EP1440192A4 (en) * | 2001-10-01 | 2006-08-02 | Polymer Group Inc | Method of forming three-dimensional woven textile fabrics with contrasting aesthetic presentation |
| US7168140B2 (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2007-01-30 | Milliken & Company | Flame resistant fabrics with improved aesthetics and comfort, and method of making same |
| US7055227B2 (en) * | 2002-11-26 | 2006-06-06 | Milliken & Company | Process for face finishing fabrics and fabrics having good strength and aesthetic characteristics |
| US20040180594A1 (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2004-09-16 | Waddell Stephen F. | Pill-resistant sysnthetic fabric and method of making same |
| US20040229538A1 (en) * | 2003-05-15 | 2004-11-18 | Love Franklin S. | Woven stretch fabrics and methods of making same |
| US20050056956A1 (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2005-03-17 | Biax Fiberfilm Corporation | Process for forming micro-fiber cellulosic nonwoven webs from a cellulose solution by melt blown technology and the products made thereby |
| EP1694893A4 (en) * | 2003-12-15 | 2007-11-28 | Univ North Carolina State | Improving physical and mechanical properties of fabrics by hydroentangling |
| DE10361339B4 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2015-09-03 | Paul Hartmann Ag | Cosmetic cotton pad and method of making a cosmetic cotton pad |
| DE102004036906A1 (en) * | 2004-07-29 | 2006-03-23 | Fleissner Gmbh | Device for treating in particular a tissue by means of hydrodynamic needling |
| DE102004062666A1 (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2006-07-06 | Fleissner Gmbh | Method and device for sampling dyed fabrics by means of water jet treatment |
| SG125160A1 (en) * | 2005-02-06 | 2006-09-29 | Jianquan Li | Method for producing spunlace non-woven cloth, method for producing spunlace non-woven cloth with x-ray detectable element, spunlace non-woven cloth with x-ray detectable element produced thereby |
| JP4801404B2 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2011-10-26 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | High-speed liquid flow penetrating device and various fiber processing devices equipped with the penetrating device |
| WO2007112441A2 (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2007-10-04 | North Carolina State University | System and method for reducing jet streaks in hydroentangled fibers |
| US7500292B2 (en) | 2006-08-28 | 2009-03-10 | Hbi Branded Apparel Enterprises, Llc | Hydrodynamic treatment of tubular knitted fabrics |
| AU2008251023B2 (en) | 2007-05-15 | 2013-02-07 | Chronologic Pty Ltd | Method and system for reducing triggering latency in universal serial bus data acquisition |
| GB2455286A (en) * | 2007-11-23 | 2009-06-10 | Ball Burnishing Mach Tools | A friction tool for use in the cosmetic treatment of the skin and a method of its use |
| US20100062671A1 (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2010-03-11 | Nutek Disposables, Inc. | Composite wipe |
| WO2010030298A1 (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2010-03-18 | Albany International Corp. | Permeable belt for the manufacture of tissue, towel and nonwovens |
| US8822009B2 (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2014-09-02 | Albany International Corp. | Industrial fabric, and method of making thereof |
| DE102008059586A1 (en) | 2008-11-28 | 2010-06-02 | Gardeur Gmbh | Separate treatment of hem or waistband of jeans or other clothing to confer worn appearance, employs suitably-angled high pressure water jet to cause local dye removal |
| US8764943B2 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2014-07-01 | Albany International Corp. | Industrial fabric including spirally wound material strips with reinforcement |
| KR101659370B1 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2016-09-23 | 알바니 인터내셔널 코포레이션 | Industrial fabric including spirally wound material strips |
| US8728280B2 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2014-05-20 | Albany International Corp. | Industrial fabric including spirally wound material strips with reinforcement |
| PL2391768T3 (en) | 2009-01-28 | 2021-11-15 | Albany International Corp. | Papermaking fabric for producing tissue and towel products, and system and method for making the fabric |
| CN101967734B (en) * | 2010-09-14 | 2012-10-31 | 南通纺织职业技术学院 | Integral multi-functional finishing device for small and medium-sized tufted carpet |
| JP5704877B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2015-04-22 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | Non-woven fabric, absorbent article containing the non-woven fabric, and method for forming the non-woven fabric |
| ITBO20120527A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2014-03-28 | I T V Ind Tessile Del Vomano S R L | PLANT, AND ITS PROCEDURE, FOR THE TREATMENT OF CLOTHING GARMENTS, IN PARTICULAR JEANS |
| JP5712194B2 (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2015-05-07 | 花王株式会社 | Nonwoven fabric substrate for wipe sheet |
| JP5712195B2 (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2015-05-07 | 花王株式会社 | Nonwoven fabric substrate for wipe sheet |
| DE102015106490B3 (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2016-09-29 | TRüTZSCHLER GMBH & CO. KG | Plant and process for the consolidation and structuring of fibers into a nonwoven |
| BR112021009321A2 (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-08-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | non-woven material |
| CN112048824B (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-10-22 | 安庆市景皇护理用品有限公司 | Method for manufacturing double-sided water-pressing rolling type fiber separation double-sided water-punching rolling type cotton piece |
| CN114032635B (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2023-06-02 | 上海群德纺织科技有限公司 | Double-sided foaming knitted fabric with yin-yang effects and weaving process thereof |
Family Cites Families (60)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3256581A (en) * | 1966-06-21 | Apparatus for creating designs in pile fabrics | ||
| BE423490A (en) * | 1936-09-11 | |||
| NL114076C (en) * | 1954-06-16 | |||
| US2862251A (en) * | 1955-04-12 | 1958-12-02 | Chicopee Mfg Corp | Method of and apparatus for producing nonwoven product |
| US2981999A (en) * | 1956-07-09 | 1961-05-02 | Apparatus and method for forming porous | |
| US3088859A (en) * | 1958-08-18 | 1963-05-07 | Johnson & Johnson | Methods and apparatus for making and bonding nonwoven fabrics |
| CA645085A (en) * | 1959-06-25 | 1962-07-17 | Nottebohm Carl-Ludwig | Method of making perforated, textile-like non-woven sheet structures |
| US3157633A (en) * | 1960-11-28 | 1964-11-17 | Deering Milliken Res Corp | Polyethyleneoxy fugitive tints |
| US3493462A (en) * | 1962-07-06 | 1970-02-03 | Du Pont | Nonpatterned,nonwoven fabric |
| US3508308A (en) * | 1962-07-06 | 1970-04-28 | Du Pont | Jet-treatment process for producing nonpatterned and line-entangled nonwoven fabrics |
| CH465545A (en) * | 1962-07-06 | 1968-02-15 | Du Pont | Process for the production of solidified, non-perforated textile fabrics as well as fabrics produced afterwards |
| US3498874A (en) * | 1965-09-10 | 1970-03-03 | Du Pont | Apertured tanglelaced nonwoven textile fabric |
| US3485709A (en) * | 1966-05-16 | 1969-12-23 | Du Pont | Acrylic nonwoven fabric of high absorbency |
| US3458905A (en) * | 1966-07-05 | 1969-08-05 | Du Pont | Apparatus for entangling fibers |
| US3486168A (en) * | 1966-12-01 | 1969-12-23 | Du Pont | Tanglelaced non-woven fabric and method of producing same |
| US3531363A (en) * | 1967-01-06 | 1970-09-29 | Du Pont | Nonwoven fabric |
| US3403862A (en) * | 1967-01-06 | 1968-10-01 | Du Pont | Apparatus for preparing tanglelaced non-woven fabrics by liquid stream jets |
| US3537945A (en) * | 1967-01-06 | 1970-11-03 | Du Pont | Nonwovens from bulk-yarn warps |
| US3434188A (en) * | 1967-01-06 | 1969-03-25 | Du Pont | Process for producing nonwoven fabrics |
| US3494821A (en) * | 1967-01-06 | 1970-02-10 | Du Pont | Patterned nonwoven fabric of hydraulically entangled textile fibers and reinforcing fibers |
| US3523346A (en) * | 1967-12-07 | 1970-08-11 | Canton Textile Mills | Method for modifying the surface texturing of fabrics |
| US3485708A (en) * | 1968-01-18 | 1969-12-23 | Du Pont | Patterned nonwoven fabric of multifilament yarns and jet stream process for its production |
| US3485706A (en) * | 1968-01-18 | 1969-12-23 | Du Pont | Textile-like patterned nonwoven fabrics and their production |
| US3613186A (en) * | 1969-10-07 | 1971-10-19 | Stevens & Co Inc J P | Apparatus for producing sculptured effects on pile fabrics |
| US3635625A (en) * | 1970-01-12 | 1972-01-18 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Apparatus for carving a material sheet |
| US3750236A (en) * | 1970-03-24 | 1973-08-07 | Johnson & Johnson | Method and apparatus (discontinuous imperforate portions on backing means of open sandwich) |
| US3769659A (en) * | 1970-03-24 | 1973-11-06 | Johnson & Johnson | Method and apparatus (continuous imperforate portions on backing means of open sandwich) |
| US3750237A (en) * | 1970-03-24 | 1973-08-07 | Johnson & Johnson | Method for producing nonwoven fabrics having a plurality of patterns |
| IE44984B1 (en) * | 1976-04-22 | 1982-06-02 | Low & Bonar Textiles Ltd | Improvements in or relating to woven fabrics |
| DE2625836C3 (en) * | 1976-06-09 | 1985-03-14 | Kuraray Co., Ltd., Kurashiki, Okayama | Nonwoven fabric with a lattice structure consisting of two different patterns and method for its manufacture |
| US4152480A (en) * | 1976-06-28 | 1979-05-01 | Mitsubishi Rayon Company, Limited | Method for making nonwoven fabric and product |
| US4085485A (en) * | 1976-07-26 | 1978-04-25 | International Paper Company | Process and device for forming non-woven fabrics |
| JPS5411433A (en) * | 1977-06-28 | 1979-01-27 | Hitachi Maxell | Alkaline cell |
| US4497095A (en) * | 1978-04-13 | 1985-02-05 | Teijin Limited | Apparatus for preparing a suede-like raised woven or knitted fabric |
| JPS5562256A (en) * | 1978-11-01 | 1980-05-10 | Asahi Chemical Ind | Fluid entangling appartus for nonwoven fabric |
| US4233349A (en) * | 1979-03-26 | 1980-11-11 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Suede-like product and process therefor |
| JPS55142756A (en) * | 1979-04-18 | 1980-11-07 | Asahi Chemical Ind | Raised artificial leather with excellent dyeing fastness and production |
| US4499637A (en) * | 1979-12-14 | 1985-02-19 | Milliken Research Corporation | Method for the production of materials having visual surface effects |
| US4364156A (en) * | 1981-01-23 | 1982-12-21 | Milliken Research Corporation | Apparatus for heated pressurized fluid stream treatment of substrate material |
| US4393562A (en) * | 1981-01-23 | 1983-07-19 | Milliken Research Corporation | Apparatus for imparting visual surface effects to relatively moving materials |
| US4418451A (en) * | 1981-01-23 | 1983-12-06 | Milliken Research Corporation | Methods for the production of multi-level surface patterned materials |
| US4379799A (en) * | 1981-02-20 | 1983-04-12 | Chicopee | Nonwoven fabric having the appearance of apertured, ribbed terry cloth |
| US4471514A (en) * | 1981-07-10 | 1984-09-18 | Milliken Research Corporation | Apparatus for imparting visual surface effects to relatively moving materials |
| JPS58132155A (en) * | 1982-01-31 | 1983-08-06 | ユニ・チヤ−ム株式会社 | Production of nonwoven fabric with pattern |
| JPS58132154A (en) * | 1982-01-31 | 1983-08-06 | ユニ・チヤ−ム株式会社 | Nonwoven fabric and production thereof |
| JPS59125954A (en) * | 1982-12-31 | 1984-07-20 | ユニ・チャ−ム株式会社 | Production of non-woven fabric |
| US4647490A (en) * | 1983-05-20 | 1987-03-03 | Johnson & Johnson | Cotton patterned fabric |
| US4695422A (en) * | 1984-02-16 | 1987-09-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Production of formed material by solid-state formation with a high-pressure liquid stream |
| JPH0673445B2 (en) * | 1984-08-31 | 1994-09-21 | 麒麟麦酒株式会社 | Liquor manufacturing method |
| JPS616368A (en) * | 1984-06-18 | 1986-01-13 | 東レ株式会社 | Prevention of pilling of knitted fabric |
| IL76495A (en) * | 1984-09-28 | 1990-09-17 | Milliken Res Corp | Method and apparatus for texturing fabrics |
| US4767584A (en) * | 1985-04-03 | 1988-08-30 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Process of and apparatus for producing design patterns in materials |
| JPS61252339A (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1986-11-10 | 東レ株式会社 | Knitted fabric and its production |
| JPS6228466A (en) * | 1985-07-25 | 1987-02-06 | 東レ株式会社 | Cloth having interference color and its production |
| JPS6255253A (en) * | 1985-09-04 | 1987-03-10 | Akebono Brake Res & Dev Center Ltd | Hydraulic booster with brake pressure retaining function |
| JPH073028B2 (en) * | 1985-09-20 | 1995-01-18 | 東レ株式会社 | Fiber entanglement sheet manufacturing equipment |
| EP0215684B1 (en) * | 1985-09-20 | 1992-05-13 | Uni-Charm Corporation | Apparatus and process for producing apertured non-woven fabric |
| US4693922A (en) * | 1985-09-26 | 1987-09-15 | Chicopee | Light weight entangled non-woven fabric having excellent machine direction and cross direction strength and process for making the same |
| JPS62149961A (en) * | 1985-12-23 | 1987-07-03 | 東レ株式会社 | Production of raised fabric having regular pattern |
| US4777960A (en) * | 1986-08-18 | 1988-10-18 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Method and apparatus for the assessment of autonomic response by broad-band excitation |
-
1988
- 1988-04-14 US US07/181,284 patent/US4960630A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-04-10 CA CA 596177 patent/CA1312192C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-04-13 EP EP19890106586 patent/EP0337451B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-13 DE DE1989613325 patent/DE68913325T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-04-13 CA CA 596622 patent/CA1333000C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-04-14 MX MX015669A patent/MX170089B/en unknown
- 1989-04-14 DE DE1989627297 patent/DE68927297T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-04-14 AU AU34222/89A patent/AU3422289A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1989-04-14 WO PCT/US1989/001585 patent/WO1989009850A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1989-04-14 JP JP50439489A patent/JP3161714B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-04-14 EP EP19890904683 patent/EP0459976B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-14 UA UA4831450A patent/UA19170A1/en unknown
- 1989-04-14 AT AT89904683T patent/ATE143706T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-04-14 US US07/411,491 patent/US4995151A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-14 KR KR1019890702333A patent/KR940002696B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-04-14 CN CN89102332A patent/CN1046773C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-04-14 ES ES8901310A patent/ES2013436A6/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-04-14 JP JP9326389A patent/JPH0781229B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-10-12 RU SU4831450/12A patent/RU2012699C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2013436A6 (en) | 1990-05-01 |
| WO1989009850A1 (en) | 1989-10-19 |
| RU2012699C1 (en) | 1994-05-15 |
| JP3161714B2 (en) | 2001-04-25 |
| ATE143706T1 (en) | 1996-10-15 |
| JPH0781229B2 (en) | 1995-08-30 |
| DE68927297D1 (en) | 1996-11-07 |
| MX170089B (en) | 1993-08-06 |
| EP0459976A4 (en) | 1991-02-15 |
| KR940002696B1 (en) | 1994-03-30 |
| JPH0226974A (en) | 1990-01-29 |
| UA19170A1 (en) | 1997-12-25 |
| DE68913325D1 (en) | 1994-04-07 |
| EP0459976B1 (en) | 1996-10-02 |
| DE68913325T2 (en) | 1994-09-08 |
| EP0337451A2 (en) | 1989-10-18 |
| CN1036999A (en) | 1989-11-08 |
| AU3422289A (en) | 1989-11-03 |
| US4995151A (en) | 1991-02-26 |
| EP0337451A3 (en) | 1990-09-12 |
| CN1046773C (en) | 1999-11-24 |
| DE68927297T2 (en) | 1997-02-27 |
| US4960630A (en) | 1990-10-02 |
| EP0337451B1 (en) | 1994-03-02 |
| KR900700674A (en) | 1990-08-16 |
| EP0459976A1 (en) | 1991-12-11 |
| CA1312192C (en) | 1993-01-05 |
| JPH04502788A (en) | 1992-05-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA1333000C (en) | Apparatus and method for hydropatterning fabric | |
| US5632072A (en) | Method for hydropatterning napped fabric | |
| US5737813A (en) | Method and apparatus for striped patterning of dyed fabric by hydrojet treatment | |
| US5806155A (en) | Apparatus and method for hydraulic finishing of continuous filament fabrics | |
| CA1267272A (en) | Napped sheet having a pattern thereon and method for its production | |
| US5983469A (en) | Uniformity and product improvement in lyocell fabrics with hydraulic fluid treatment | |
| CA1338950C (en) | Apparatus and method for hydropatterning fabric | |
| US20070020455A1 (en) | Process for creating fabrics with branched fibrils and such fibrillated fabrics | |
| US20080120794A1 (en) | Method and Apparatus for Creating Patterns in Dyed Textiles by Water-Jet Treatment | |
| US5054349A (en) | Procedure and apparatus for perforating a product in sheets and perforated product obtained like this | |
| EP0132028B1 (en) | Process for the production of non-woven cotton fabrics having a patterned structure | |
| JPH04228688A (en) | Method for dyeing napped product to predetermined pattern | |
| KR0185763B1 (en) | Method of manufacturing man-made leather | |
| MXPA99007841A (en) | Method and apparatus for striped patterning of dyed fabric by hydrojet treatment | |
| DE4001583A1 (en) | Random colouring action - uses loose bodies rolling on moving web to transfer medium from their rolling surfaces | |
| JPH05209356A (en) | Treatment of flock-finished material | |
| JPH0654796U (en) | Uneven fabric with a colored pattern | |
| JP2000045168A (en) | Production of cloth having excellent surface feeling |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |