CA2026268C - A distal radial fracture set and method for repairing distal radial fractures - Google Patents
A distal radial fracture set and method for repairing distal radial fracturesInfo
- Publication number
- CA2026268C CA2026268C CA002026268A CA2026268A CA2026268C CA 2026268 C CA2026268 C CA 2026268C CA 002026268 A CA002026268 A CA 002026268A CA 2026268 A CA2026268 A CA 2026268A CA 2026268 C CA2026268 C CA 2026268C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- bone
- treatment
- blade
- distal radial
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/80—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
- A61B17/809—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates with bone-penetrating elements, e.g. blades or prongs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/80—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
- A61B17/8061—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates specially adapted for particular bones
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S606/00—Surgery
- Y10S606/902—Cortical plate specifically adapted for a particular bone
Abstract
A bone fixation set for the treatment of distal radial fractures is provided. The device includes a plate having countersunk bone screw holes and a blade constructed for placement in the capitate of the radius.
A method for implanting the bone fixation set is also provided.
A method for implanting the bone fixation set is also provided.
Description
B-287i0 A DISTA~ RADIAL FRACTURE SET AND
METHOD FOR REPAIRING DISTAL RAD~AL FRACTURES
.~nNlCAL PIELD OF THE lNv~h~-lON
This lnvention relates to a devlce for the treatment of bone fractures, particularly distal radial fractures, and a method for treatlng such fractures.
21~2~26~
BACXGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Fracture of the dlstal radius, cQ~mn~ly known as a Colles' fracture, is one of th~ most COm~Qn fractures occurrlng in hllmAnc with frequency estlmates ranglng as hlgh as 350,000 or more per year ln the Unlted States alone. Desplte the high lncldence of such fractures, there has been a tendency towards the relatlve neglect of patlents with this fracture. As a result, many physiclans find that patlents sufferlng from dlstal radlal fractures have persistent disabllity whlch ls directly related to the failure to restore a normal anatomlcal configuration to the radial bone. Much of this failure can be attributed to the lack of a suitable device and process which would provlde: (i) accurate open reductlon; (li) rigid internal fixation; and (iii) early active motion of the ~oint.
Colles' fractures have commonly been treated uslng standard lmmobilizing cast techn1ques. Such casts prevent movement of the radiocarpal ~oint throughout the course of rehabilitation. Further, such casts fall to provide adequate lnternal fixation to the radius, thereby resulting ln a relatively high rate of deformity, pain, and prolonged disability.
Contemporary external fixation devices utilizing bone pins have provided some improvement ln the management of severe fractures of the distal radius relative to simple plaster cast terhQ1ques. However, such external fixatlon devices represent only an lnterlm step ln the evolutlon of orthopedic management of this fracture. Numerous complicatlons, includlng ln~ectlon at the pin track sltes, lnabillty to malntaln or obtain satlsfactory reductlon, ~oint stiffness, and prolonged periods of treatment and disability have been reported repeatedly.
'_ 7~
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided a bone fixation device for the treatment of distal radial fractures comprising: a fixation plate, said plate having a plurality of bone screw holes formed therethrough, said plate having a proximal end and a distal end, said plate having an upper surface and a lower surface, said lower surface of said plate shaped to substantially conform to the dorsal surface of the radius bone, said upper surface and said lower surface of said plate being depressed proximate said bone screw holes formed through said plate, whereby said bone fixation set has a low-profile when attached to the radius bone.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is provided a bone fixation device for the treatment of distal radial fractures comprising: a blade comprising a blade insertion portion and an attachment portion, said blade insertion portion oriented at an angle relative to said attachment portion; and a plate having a proximal end and a distal end, said plate having a plurality of bone screw holes formed therethrough, said plate having an upper surface and a lower surface wherein said lower surface is constructed to substantially conform to the dorsal surface of the radius bone, and said attachment portion of said blade attached to said distal end of said plate.
More specifically, the distal radial fracture set of the present invention includes a low-profile fixation plate and a blade. The fixation plate is constructed to fit closely to the dorsal surface of the distal radius. A
plurality of countersunk screw holes are formed through the plate, thereby permitting the plate to be secured to the bone such that the heads of the bone screws are flush with or below the upper surface of the plate. In this way, the fixation plate has on overall low-profile and thus does not impede the movement of extensor tendons over the surface of the radius. In order to maintain the structural integrity ~ .
~ Q ~
of the fixation plate, the thickness of the plate is substantially constant along its length.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided the use of a bone fixation set comprising a fixation plate, said plate having a plurality of bone screw holes formed therethrough, said plate having a proximal end and a distal end, said plate having an upper surface and a lower surface, said lower surface of said plate constructed to substantially conform to the dorsal surface of the radius bone, said upper surface and said lower surface of said plate being depressed proximate said bone screw holes formed through said plate, whereby said bone fixation set has a low-profile when attached to the radius bone for repairing a distal radial fracture.
In accordance with still yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided a low-profile bone fixation plate for the treatment of fractures comprising: a bone fixation plate having a plurality of bone screw openings formed therethrough for receiving bone screws, said plate having an upper surface and a lower surface and said bone screw openings uniformly tapering inwardly from said upper to said lower surface whereby bone screws implanted in the bone are recessed within the fixation plate to provide a low-profile fixation plate for treating bone fractures.
According to an embodiment of the present invention a blade is attachable to the distal end of the fixation plate.
Each blade includes an attachment portion and a blade insertion portion. When the fracture set of the present invention is secured to the radius, the blade extends from the plate into the sub-articular portion of the radius. In the case of severe fractures in which the radius is extremely comminuted, a plurality of blades can be attached to the plate.
The method of the present invention for treating a distal radial fracture includes the steps of extending and securing the hand and forearm in a fully extended position, for example, through the use of a fingertrap traction C.
:, ~
~ Q ~
4a device, thereby reducing the fracture. Fragments of the comminuted bone are then returned to their anatomically corrected positions and, if necessary, bone pins and/or bone grafts are used to restore the integrity of the radius. The radius is then prepared for affixation of the distal radial fracture set of the present invention. This preparation process includes the steps of drilling bone screw holes through the distal surface of the radius, creating recessed areas in the radius about the bone screw holes, and cutting a groove in the sub-articular portion of the radial bone. A
template can be used in order to facilitate the proper orientation of the bone screw holes, recesses, and the groove. The fixation plate of the fracture set is then secured with bone screws to the dorsal surface of the radius. When desired, the blade is inserted through the sub-articular portion of the radius and attached to the plate. Any temporary pins or wires used to secure random bone fragments are then removed.
METHOD FOR REPAIRING DISTAL RAD~AL FRACTURES
.~nNlCAL PIELD OF THE lNv~h~-lON
This lnvention relates to a devlce for the treatment of bone fractures, particularly distal radial fractures, and a method for treatlng such fractures.
21~2~26~
BACXGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Fracture of the dlstal radius, cQ~mn~ly known as a Colles' fracture, is one of th~ most COm~Qn fractures occurrlng in hllmAnc with frequency estlmates ranglng as hlgh as 350,000 or more per year ln the Unlted States alone. Desplte the high lncldence of such fractures, there has been a tendency towards the relatlve neglect of patlents with this fracture. As a result, many physiclans find that patlents sufferlng from dlstal radlal fractures have persistent disabllity whlch ls directly related to the failure to restore a normal anatomlcal configuration to the radial bone. Much of this failure can be attributed to the lack of a suitable device and process which would provlde: (i) accurate open reductlon; (li) rigid internal fixation; and (iii) early active motion of the ~oint.
Colles' fractures have commonly been treated uslng standard lmmobilizing cast techn1ques. Such casts prevent movement of the radiocarpal ~oint throughout the course of rehabilitation. Further, such casts fall to provide adequate lnternal fixation to the radius, thereby resulting ln a relatively high rate of deformity, pain, and prolonged disability.
Contemporary external fixation devices utilizing bone pins have provided some improvement ln the management of severe fractures of the distal radius relative to simple plaster cast terhQ1ques. However, such external fixatlon devices represent only an lnterlm step ln the evolutlon of orthopedic management of this fracture. Numerous complicatlons, includlng ln~ectlon at the pin track sltes, lnabillty to malntaln or obtain satlsfactory reductlon, ~oint stiffness, and prolonged periods of treatment and disability have been reported repeatedly.
'_ 7~
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided a bone fixation device for the treatment of distal radial fractures comprising: a fixation plate, said plate having a plurality of bone screw holes formed therethrough, said plate having a proximal end and a distal end, said plate having an upper surface and a lower surface, said lower surface of said plate shaped to substantially conform to the dorsal surface of the radius bone, said upper surface and said lower surface of said plate being depressed proximate said bone screw holes formed through said plate, whereby said bone fixation set has a low-profile when attached to the radius bone.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is provided a bone fixation device for the treatment of distal radial fractures comprising: a blade comprising a blade insertion portion and an attachment portion, said blade insertion portion oriented at an angle relative to said attachment portion; and a plate having a proximal end and a distal end, said plate having a plurality of bone screw holes formed therethrough, said plate having an upper surface and a lower surface wherein said lower surface is constructed to substantially conform to the dorsal surface of the radius bone, and said attachment portion of said blade attached to said distal end of said plate.
More specifically, the distal radial fracture set of the present invention includes a low-profile fixation plate and a blade. The fixation plate is constructed to fit closely to the dorsal surface of the distal radius. A
plurality of countersunk screw holes are formed through the plate, thereby permitting the plate to be secured to the bone such that the heads of the bone screws are flush with or below the upper surface of the plate. In this way, the fixation plate has on overall low-profile and thus does not impede the movement of extensor tendons over the surface of the radius. In order to maintain the structural integrity ~ .
~ Q ~
of the fixation plate, the thickness of the plate is substantially constant along its length.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided the use of a bone fixation set comprising a fixation plate, said plate having a plurality of bone screw holes formed therethrough, said plate having a proximal end and a distal end, said plate having an upper surface and a lower surface, said lower surface of said plate constructed to substantially conform to the dorsal surface of the radius bone, said upper surface and said lower surface of said plate being depressed proximate said bone screw holes formed through said plate, whereby said bone fixation set has a low-profile when attached to the radius bone for repairing a distal radial fracture.
In accordance with still yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided a low-profile bone fixation plate for the treatment of fractures comprising: a bone fixation plate having a plurality of bone screw openings formed therethrough for receiving bone screws, said plate having an upper surface and a lower surface and said bone screw openings uniformly tapering inwardly from said upper to said lower surface whereby bone screws implanted in the bone are recessed within the fixation plate to provide a low-profile fixation plate for treating bone fractures.
According to an embodiment of the present invention a blade is attachable to the distal end of the fixation plate.
Each blade includes an attachment portion and a blade insertion portion. When the fracture set of the present invention is secured to the radius, the blade extends from the plate into the sub-articular portion of the radius. In the case of severe fractures in which the radius is extremely comminuted, a plurality of blades can be attached to the plate.
The method of the present invention for treating a distal radial fracture includes the steps of extending and securing the hand and forearm in a fully extended position, for example, through the use of a fingertrap traction C.
:, ~
~ Q ~
4a device, thereby reducing the fracture. Fragments of the comminuted bone are then returned to their anatomically corrected positions and, if necessary, bone pins and/or bone grafts are used to restore the integrity of the radius. The radius is then prepared for affixation of the distal radial fracture set of the present invention. This preparation process includes the steps of drilling bone screw holes through the distal surface of the radius, creating recessed areas in the radius about the bone screw holes, and cutting a groove in the sub-articular portion of the radial bone. A
template can be used in order to facilitate the proper orientation of the bone screw holes, recesses, and the groove. The fixation plate of the fracture set is then secured with bone screws to the dorsal surface of the radius. When desired, the blade is inserted through the sub-articular portion of the radius and attached to the plate. Any temporary pins or wires used to secure random bone fragments are then removed.
2~2~Z68 ~, _ 5 BRIEF n~-sr~TpTIoN OF ~E DRAWINGS
FIGURE 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a preferred embodlment of the dlstal radial fracture set of the present lnventlon in place on a fractured radius.
PIGURE la ls an exploded view of a countersunk hole of the fracture set depicted ln FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 2 ls an overall plan vlew of the preferred embodiment of the distal radial fracture set of the present lnventlon.
FIGURE 3 is an elevatlonal view of a blade of the dlstal radlal fracture set of a preferred embodlment of the present lnventlon.
FIGURE 4 ls an overall plan vlew of the template for use ln applying the dlstal radlal fracture set of the present inventlon.
FIGURE Sa ls a schematic vlew of the distal portlon of a fractured radlus prlor to the appllcation of a reductlon force and the repositioning of fragmented bone.
FIGURE 5b is a schematic view of a fractured radius after reduction of the fracture.
FIGURE 5c is a schematic vlew of a fractured radius followlng the reposltlonlng of bone fragments and the application of artlflcial bone materlal.
FI~URE 6 ls a schematic vlew of a patlent being treated using a fingertrap traction device and the method of the present invention.
~ 2~2~26~
-_ 6 DETAILED ~r~TPTION
A distal radial fracture set ls generally indicated at 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2. Fixation plate 12 of set 10 has an upper surface 14 and a lower surface 16. Plate 12 ls constructed to provide a close flt between lower surface 16 and the dorsal surface of radius bone 18.
Plate 12 has a proximal end 20 and a distal end 22.
As best seen ln FIGURE 2, distal end 22 has a greater wldth than proxlmal end 20. In thls way, plate 12 ls able to provlde greater stablllty to the fractured radlus at the location of the fracture, l.e., at the distal end of the radius. However, lt is to be appreciated that plate 12 can be of any shape without departlng from the scope of the present lnventlon.
A plurality of bone screw holes 24 are formed through plate 12. As best seen ln FIGURE la, the dimenslon of bone screw hole 24 decreases from upper surface 14 to lower surface 16 of plate 12. In this way, bone screw 26 can be countersunk through plate 12, there~y creating a low profile for set 10. In a preferred embodiment of the present lnvention, the thlckness of plate 12 between upper surface ls and lower surface 16 is approximately 2-3 mm. In addition, plate 12 can be constructed of any known biocompatible material such as titanium or stainless steel.
Both upper surface 14 and lower surface 16 are depressed in the region of bone screw holes 24. This feature further enables plate 12 to have a very low profile, thus creating only m1n~m~l lnterference between plate 12 and the extensor tendons in the wrist. In addition, the low profile of plate 12 allows for better closure of the soft tissues of the wrist following surgery. In the preferred embodlment deplcted in FIGURE
la, plate 12 has a substantlally constant thickness ~S2~68 _ 7 along its length, includlng those depressed reglons which are proximate bone screw holes 24. Thus, plate 12 is able to prov~de adequate support to the fractured radlus.
In a preferred embodiment, f~xation set 10 lncludes a plurallty of blades 28. Each blade 28 includes an attachment portlon 30 and a blade insertlon portlon 34.
In another preferred embodlment deplcted ln FIGURE 3, blade 28 lncludes two support wlngs 32. It wlll be appreclated that the structural strength of blade 28 ls lncreased by the presence of wlngs 32. That ls, support -- wlngs 32 provide added structural stability to blade lnsertlon portion 34 ln accordance wlth the basic I-beam prlnclple. However, blade 28 may assume numerous configurations without departlng from the spirit and scope of the inventlon. Insertion portlon 34 of blade 28 provldes a compression effect between the cQ~1nuted portions of radius 18 and the remainlng sections of that bone. In addltlon, blade 28 provldes support for the radlal bone fragments commQ~ly occurring in distal radial fractures.
A plurality of blades 28 preferably are used when the radius is extenslvely comm1mlted, thereby maklng lt dlfflcult to retaln the bone fragments through the use of standard bone screws. Blades 28, and more particularly lnsertlon portlons 34, provlde a broad support structure to ald ln the heallng of the co~n~ted radlus. In combination wlth flxatlon plate 12, blade 28 provldes a low proflle, hlghly effectlve fracture set for restorlng a normal anatomical conflguratlon to the radlus and to the surroundlng tissues.
Insertion portlons 34 and support wlngs 32 extend angularly from attachment sectlon 30. In a preferred '. ...
embodlment, angle 36 between support wings 32 and attachment sectlon 30 measures between 60- and 120 - .
However, lt is to be appreciated that the magnltude of angle 36 is primarlly dependent upon the dimensions of the bone and the nature of the fracture. Accordlngly, there may be clrcumst~ncec under whlch lt ls deslrable to provide a blade 28 have an angle 36 outside this 60--120- range.
Blade 28 ls constructed to be lnserted lnto the capltate of the radlus. It ls to be appreclated that plate 12 can be efficaclously used wlth or wlthout the presence of blade 28. It is also to be appreclated that one or more of blades 28 can be used ln con~unctlon wlth plate 12. For example, FI~URE 2 deplcts an embodlment of the present lnvention ln which three blades 28 have been attached to plate 12. In thls embodlment, the use of a plurality of blades provides additional support and compresslon to the com~1nl~ted portlons of the fractured dlstal radius.
Attachment section 30 of blade 28 defines a retalning screw hole 38. Retalnlng holes 40 are formed at the distal end 22 of plate 12 to accommodate attachment of blades 28. Blade 28 can be secured to plate 12 by means of a screw ~2 driven through screw hole 38 of blade 28 and retalnlng hole 40 of plate 12, as best seen ln FIGURE 1. In a preferred embodlment, upper surface 14 and lower surface 16 are depressed about retainlng holes 40. Accordlngly, the overall proflle of flxatlon set 10 remalns low when blade 28 ls attached to plate 12.
Bone screws 26 preferably are slzed to be driven substanti~lly through radlus bone 18 whereby plate 12 and blade 28 can be securely afflxed to radlus 18.
Screws 26 should have a sufflclent length to be anchored 9 ~2~26~
-in the cortex of ventral surface of the bone. In addltion, head 44 of bone screw 26 preferably has a configuration permittlng it to substantlally mate wlth bone screw holes 24. As discussed above, bone screws 26 are conflgured to be countersunk through bone screw holes 24 ln order to m1n1mize lnterference with the movement of the extensor tendons and to provlde better closure of the soft tlssues ln the wrlst.
The method for repairlng distal radlal fractures of the present lnvention includes the lnltlal step of placing the arm of the patlent in an extended position on an operatlng surface. For example, as depicted in FIGURE 6, the patlent's arm ls placed flat on an operating surface with the palm facing upward. The hand and forearm are thus readlly accesslble to the physlcian. In order to maintain the extended condition of the hand and forearm throughout the course of the process described herein, a fingertrap traction system is used. As deplcted ln FIGURE 6, flngertraps are placed about the lndex and mlddle flngers and a weight is applied to the traction system. Ten (10) pounds has been found to be an appropriate amount of tractlon force to retaln the hand and forearm ln thelr extended positlons. Extenslon of the hand and forearm results in a reduction of the fracture, as best seen ln FIGURES 5a-c. A distal radial fracture results in the translocatlon of the bones withln the wrlst as depicted in FIGURE 5a. FIGURE 5b deplcts the same hand and forearm following reductlon of the fracture. Followlng reduction, the orientatlon of the carpals to the radius and ulna is restored to lts proper anatomlcal condltion.
Again, the reductlon force applied by the traction is to be maintained ln order to retain the bones in this corrected anatomlcal conflguratlon.
~ 20~6268 -_ 10 After the fracture has been properly reduced, the s~in is surgically opened and the fracture ls exposed.
In some cases lt will be necessary to utilize a temporary, rigid external fixator ln order to retain the hand and wrist in their extended positlons. An external fixator can be removably affixed to the index finger and the radlus in order to retaln a flxed dlstance between the carpus bones durlng repalr.
Followlng reductlon of the fracture, it ls deslrable to reposltlon any bone fragments resultlng from the fracture. Such fragments are particularly common ln the case of dlstal radial fractures. If necessary, these fragments can be temporarlly retained ln thelr anatomlcally correct posltlons through the use of any known flxatlon method, lncludlng the use of K-wlres or bone screws.
Followlng the reposltlonlng of the cQmminuted bone fragments of the radlus, lt may be desirable to provlde a bone graft ln order to restore the lntegrlty of the radlus. As best seen ln FIGURE 5c, bone graft 102 ls provided ln order to restore the conflguratlon of the radlus. The iliac bone commo~y ls used in a bone graft of this type. However, thls procedure requires a separate lnclslon on the patlent's illac crest and the use of a general anesthesla. An alternatlve procedure would use artlflclal bone materlal in lleu of such a bone graft. For example, calclum apitlte crystal fragments can ~e used to augment the comr~n-)ted frag~ents of the fractured radlus.
Followlng reorientatlon of the radius and carpus bones, bone screw gulde holes are drllled through the radlus from the dorsal to the ventral surfaces.
Recesses are formed about the bone screw guide holes using a speclally deslgned drill bit. These recesses - 202S2~8 -are dimensioned to receive the depressed regions of the plate 12 descr1bed ln detall above. In a preferred embodiment of the process of the present inventlon, a template 104 ls provlded for use ln creatlng the bone screw holes in order to ensure their proper orientatlon relatlve to one another. Template 104 has a plurality of bone screw hole guides 106 formed therethrough. Bone screw hole guides 106 have a diameter substantially greater than the dlameter of bone screws 26 ln order to facilltate the formatlon of recesses about bone screw holes 24. In this embodiment, template 104 ls used during the formation of the countersunk recesses proxlmal each of the bone screw holes.
Once the bone screw holes and countersunk recesses have been fonmed ln the radlus bone, the bone flxatlon plate descrlbed ln detall above can be afflxed to the fractured radlus wlth bone screws. It will be appreclated that the bone fixation plate and the bone screws used ln thls procedure can be manufactured of any blocompatible material. However, lt has been found to be particularly desirable to utilize titanium in the construction of the bone flxatlon plate and bone screws of the present inventlon. Titanlum provldes both the deslred level of blocompatibillty and the approprlate flexural strength ln order to facllltate the heallng of the fractured radius as well as the surroundlng tlssues.
If the fracture ls particularly unstable and com~nuted such that screw fixation of the distal radial fragments is not practical, bone fixation blades of the type descrlbed ln detail are used. In thls instance, a groove ls formed along the dorsal surface of the capitate of the radius ln order to remove the cortex, l.e., the hard exterior surface of the bone. Template 104 is also used to facllitate the proper orlentatlon of ~- 2026268 -thls groove. Opening 108 ls provlded on template 104 for thls purpose. The blades are then inserted into the intra-articular portion of the radius by tapplng them through the cancellous ~one of the radlus. The blade ls s then attached to the bone flxation plate as dlscussed above.
If an external bone flxator has been used, lt ls removed followlng the afflxatlon of the bone flxatlon plate and the bone fixatlon blades. Next, the surglcal lnclslon ls closed and the forearm ls wrapped wlth a bulky dresslng untll the lnltlal swelllng has subsided.
When the lncision has healed, early radlocarpal ~olnt motlon can be lnitlated. Under normal condltlons ~olnt motlon can be started ln only a few days as a result of the accurate reductlon and flxatlon capablllties of the present inventlon.
Although the bone flxatlon plate and method of the present lnvention have been descrlbed ln detall hereln wlth respect to particular preferred embodlments, lt wlll be evldent that varlous and further modlflcatlons are posslble wlthout departlng from the splrit and scope of the present lnventlon.
FIGURE 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a preferred embodlment of the dlstal radial fracture set of the present lnventlon in place on a fractured radius.
PIGURE la ls an exploded view of a countersunk hole of the fracture set depicted ln FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 2 ls an overall plan vlew of the preferred embodiment of the distal radial fracture set of the present lnventlon.
FIGURE 3 is an elevatlonal view of a blade of the dlstal radlal fracture set of a preferred embodlment of the present lnventlon.
FIGURE 4 ls an overall plan vlew of the template for use ln applying the dlstal radlal fracture set of the present inventlon.
FIGURE Sa ls a schematic vlew of the distal portlon of a fractured radlus prlor to the appllcation of a reductlon force and the repositioning of fragmented bone.
FIGURE 5b is a schematic view of a fractured radius after reduction of the fracture.
FIGURE 5c is a schematic vlew of a fractured radius followlng the reposltlonlng of bone fragments and the application of artlflcial bone materlal.
FI~URE 6 ls a schematic vlew of a patlent being treated using a fingertrap traction device and the method of the present invention.
~ 2~2~26~
-_ 6 DETAILED ~r~TPTION
A distal radial fracture set ls generally indicated at 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2. Fixation plate 12 of set 10 has an upper surface 14 and a lower surface 16. Plate 12 ls constructed to provide a close flt between lower surface 16 and the dorsal surface of radius bone 18.
Plate 12 has a proximal end 20 and a distal end 22.
As best seen ln FIGURE 2, distal end 22 has a greater wldth than proxlmal end 20. In thls way, plate 12 ls able to provlde greater stablllty to the fractured radlus at the location of the fracture, l.e., at the distal end of the radius. However, lt is to be appreciated that plate 12 can be of any shape without departlng from the scope of the present lnventlon.
A plurality of bone screw holes 24 are formed through plate 12. As best seen ln FIGURE la, the dimenslon of bone screw hole 24 decreases from upper surface 14 to lower surface 16 of plate 12. In this way, bone screw 26 can be countersunk through plate 12, there~y creating a low profile for set 10. In a preferred embodiment of the present lnvention, the thlckness of plate 12 between upper surface ls and lower surface 16 is approximately 2-3 mm. In addition, plate 12 can be constructed of any known biocompatible material such as titanium or stainless steel.
Both upper surface 14 and lower surface 16 are depressed in the region of bone screw holes 24. This feature further enables plate 12 to have a very low profile, thus creating only m1n~m~l lnterference between plate 12 and the extensor tendons in the wrist. In addition, the low profile of plate 12 allows for better closure of the soft tissues of the wrist following surgery. In the preferred embodlment deplcted in FIGURE
la, plate 12 has a substantlally constant thickness ~S2~68 _ 7 along its length, includlng those depressed reglons which are proximate bone screw holes 24. Thus, plate 12 is able to prov~de adequate support to the fractured radlus.
In a preferred embodiment, f~xation set 10 lncludes a plurallty of blades 28. Each blade 28 includes an attachment portlon 30 and a blade insertlon portlon 34.
In another preferred embodlment deplcted ln FIGURE 3, blade 28 lncludes two support wlngs 32. It wlll be appreclated that the structural strength of blade 28 ls lncreased by the presence of wlngs 32. That ls, support -- wlngs 32 provide added structural stability to blade lnsertlon portion 34 ln accordance wlth the basic I-beam prlnclple. However, blade 28 may assume numerous configurations without departlng from the spirit and scope of the inventlon. Insertion portlon 34 of blade 28 provldes a compression effect between the cQ~1nuted portions of radius 18 and the remainlng sections of that bone. In addltlon, blade 28 provldes support for the radlal bone fragments commQ~ly occurring in distal radial fractures.
A plurality of blades 28 preferably are used when the radius is extenslvely comm1mlted, thereby maklng lt dlfflcult to retaln the bone fragments through the use of standard bone screws. Blades 28, and more particularly lnsertlon portlons 34, provlde a broad support structure to ald ln the heallng of the co~n~ted radlus. In combination wlth flxatlon plate 12, blade 28 provldes a low proflle, hlghly effectlve fracture set for restorlng a normal anatomical conflguratlon to the radlus and to the surroundlng tissues.
Insertion portlons 34 and support wlngs 32 extend angularly from attachment sectlon 30. In a preferred '. ...
embodlment, angle 36 between support wings 32 and attachment sectlon 30 measures between 60- and 120 - .
However, lt is to be appreciated that the magnltude of angle 36 is primarlly dependent upon the dimensions of the bone and the nature of the fracture. Accordlngly, there may be clrcumst~ncec under whlch lt ls deslrable to provide a blade 28 have an angle 36 outside this 60--120- range.
Blade 28 ls constructed to be lnserted lnto the capltate of the radlus. It ls to be appreclated that plate 12 can be efficaclously used wlth or wlthout the presence of blade 28. It is also to be appreclated that one or more of blades 28 can be used ln con~unctlon wlth plate 12. For example, FI~URE 2 deplcts an embodlment of the present lnvention ln which three blades 28 have been attached to plate 12. In thls embodlment, the use of a plurality of blades provides additional support and compresslon to the com~1nl~ted portlons of the fractured dlstal radius.
Attachment section 30 of blade 28 defines a retalning screw hole 38. Retalnlng holes 40 are formed at the distal end 22 of plate 12 to accommodate attachment of blades 28. Blade 28 can be secured to plate 12 by means of a screw ~2 driven through screw hole 38 of blade 28 and retalnlng hole 40 of plate 12, as best seen ln FIGURE 1. In a preferred embodlment, upper surface 14 and lower surface 16 are depressed about retainlng holes 40. Accordlngly, the overall proflle of flxatlon set 10 remalns low when blade 28 ls attached to plate 12.
Bone screws 26 preferably are slzed to be driven substanti~lly through radlus bone 18 whereby plate 12 and blade 28 can be securely afflxed to radlus 18.
Screws 26 should have a sufflclent length to be anchored 9 ~2~26~
-in the cortex of ventral surface of the bone. In addltion, head 44 of bone screw 26 preferably has a configuration permittlng it to substantlally mate wlth bone screw holes 24. As discussed above, bone screws 26 are conflgured to be countersunk through bone screw holes 24 ln order to m1n1mize lnterference with the movement of the extensor tendons and to provlde better closure of the soft tlssues ln the wrlst.
The method for repairlng distal radlal fractures of the present lnvention includes the lnltlal step of placing the arm of the patlent in an extended position on an operatlng surface. For example, as depicted in FIGURE 6, the patlent's arm ls placed flat on an operating surface with the palm facing upward. The hand and forearm are thus readlly accesslble to the physlcian. In order to maintain the extended condition of the hand and forearm throughout the course of the process described herein, a fingertrap traction system is used. As deplcted ln FIGURE 6, flngertraps are placed about the lndex and mlddle flngers and a weight is applied to the traction system. Ten (10) pounds has been found to be an appropriate amount of tractlon force to retaln the hand and forearm ln thelr extended positlons. Extenslon of the hand and forearm results in a reduction of the fracture, as best seen ln FIGURES 5a-c. A distal radial fracture results in the translocatlon of the bones withln the wrlst as depicted in FIGURE 5a. FIGURE 5b deplcts the same hand and forearm following reductlon of the fracture. Followlng reduction, the orientatlon of the carpals to the radius and ulna is restored to lts proper anatomlcal condltion.
Again, the reductlon force applied by the traction is to be maintained ln order to retain the bones in this corrected anatomlcal conflguratlon.
~ 20~6268 -_ 10 After the fracture has been properly reduced, the s~in is surgically opened and the fracture ls exposed.
In some cases lt will be necessary to utilize a temporary, rigid external fixator ln order to retain the hand and wrist in their extended positlons. An external fixator can be removably affixed to the index finger and the radlus in order to retaln a flxed dlstance between the carpus bones durlng repalr.
Followlng reductlon of the fracture, it ls deslrable to reposltlon any bone fragments resultlng from the fracture. Such fragments are particularly common ln the case of dlstal radial fractures. If necessary, these fragments can be temporarlly retained ln thelr anatomlcally correct posltlons through the use of any known flxatlon method, lncludlng the use of K-wlres or bone screws.
Followlng the reposltlonlng of the cQmminuted bone fragments of the radlus, lt may be desirable to provlde a bone graft ln order to restore the lntegrlty of the radlus. As best seen ln FIGURE 5c, bone graft 102 ls provided ln order to restore the conflguratlon of the radlus. The iliac bone commo~y ls used in a bone graft of this type. However, thls procedure requires a separate lnclslon on the patlent's illac crest and the use of a general anesthesla. An alternatlve procedure would use artlflclal bone materlal in lleu of such a bone graft. For example, calclum apitlte crystal fragments can ~e used to augment the comr~n-)ted frag~ents of the fractured radlus.
Followlng reorientatlon of the radius and carpus bones, bone screw gulde holes are drllled through the radlus from the dorsal to the ventral surfaces.
Recesses are formed about the bone screw guide holes using a speclally deslgned drill bit. These recesses - 202S2~8 -are dimensioned to receive the depressed regions of the plate 12 descr1bed ln detall above. In a preferred embodiment of the process of the present inventlon, a template 104 ls provlded for use ln creatlng the bone screw holes in order to ensure their proper orientatlon relatlve to one another. Template 104 has a plurality of bone screw hole guides 106 formed therethrough. Bone screw hole guides 106 have a diameter substantially greater than the dlameter of bone screws 26 ln order to facilltate the formatlon of recesses about bone screw holes 24. In this embodiment, template 104 ls used during the formation of the countersunk recesses proxlmal each of the bone screw holes.
Once the bone screw holes and countersunk recesses have been fonmed ln the radlus bone, the bone flxatlon plate descrlbed ln detall above can be afflxed to the fractured radlus wlth bone screws. It will be appreclated that the bone fixation plate and the bone screws used ln thls procedure can be manufactured of any blocompatible material. However, lt has been found to be particularly desirable to utilize titanium in the construction of the bone flxatlon plate and bone screws of the present inventlon. Titanlum provldes both the deslred level of blocompatibillty and the approprlate flexural strength ln order to facllltate the heallng of the fractured radius as well as the surroundlng tlssues.
If the fracture ls particularly unstable and com~nuted such that screw fixation of the distal radial fragments is not practical, bone fixation blades of the type descrlbed ln detail are used. In thls instance, a groove ls formed along the dorsal surface of the capitate of the radius ln order to remove the cortex, l.e., the hard exterior surface of the bone. Template 104 is also used to facllitate the proper orlentatlon of ~- 2026268 -thls groove. Opening 108 ls provlded on template 104 for thls purpose. The blades are then inserted into the intra-articular portion of the radius by tapplng them through the cancellous ~one of the radlus. The blade ls s then attached to the bone flxation plate as dlscussed above.
If an external bone flxator has been used, lt ls removed followlng the afflxatlon of the bone flxatlon plate and the bone fixatlon blades. Next, the surglcal lnclslon ls closed and the forearm ls wrapped wlth a bulky dresslng untll the lnltlal swelllng has subsided.
When the lncision has healed, early radlocarpal ~olnt motlon can be lnitlated. Under normal condltlons ~olnt motlon can be started ln only a few days as a result of the accurate reductlon and flxatlon capablllties of the present inventlon.
Although the bone flxatlon plate and method of the present lnvention have been descrlbed ln detall hereln wlth respect to particular preferred embodlments, lt wlll be evldent that varlous and further modlflcatlons are posslble wlthout departlng from the splrit and scope of the present lnventlon.
Claims (17)
1. A bone fixation device for the treatment of distal radial fractures comprising:
a fixation plate, said plate having a plurality of bone screw holes formed therethrough, said plate having a proximal end and a distal end, said plate having an upper surface and a lower surface, said lower surface of said plate shaped to substantially conform to the dorsal surface of the radius bone, said upper surface and said lower surface of said plate being depressed proximate said bone screw holes formed through said plate, whereby said bone fixation set has a low-profile when attached to the radius bone.
a fixation plate, said plate having a plurality of bone screw holes formed therethrough, said plate having a proximal end and a distal end, said plate having an upper surface and a lower surface, said lower surface of said plate shaped to substantially conform to the dorsal surface of the radius bone, said upper surface and said lower surface of said plate being depressed proximate said bone screw holes formed through said plate, whereby said bone fixation set has a low-profile when attached to the radius bone.
2. The bone fixation device for the treatment of distal radial fractures of Claim 1 further comprising a blade, said blade comprising a blade insertion portion and an attachment portion, said attachment portion of said blade attached to said distal end of said plate.
3. The bone fixation device for the treatment of distal radial fractures of Claim 2, wherein a wing section attends substantially perpendicularly from said blade insertion portion.
4. The bone fixation device for the treatment of distal radial fractures of Claim 2, wherein a plurality of blades are attached to said distal end of said plate.
5. The bone fixation device for the treatment of distal radial fractures of Claim 2, wherein said upper surface and said lower surface of said plate are depressed at the distal end of said plate relative to the upper surface at said proximal end of said plate.
6. A bone fixation device for the treatment of distal radial fractures comprising:
a blade comprising a blade insertion portion and an attachment portion, said blade insertion portion oriented at an angle relative to said attachment portion; and a plate having a proximal end and a distal end, said plate having a plurality of bone screw holes formed therethrough, said plate having an upper surface and a lower surface wherein said lower surface is constructed to substantially conform to the dorsal surface of the radius bone, and said attachment portion of said blade attached to said distal end of said plate.
a blade comprising a blade insertion portion and an attachment portion, said blade insertion portion oriented at an angle relative to said attachment portion; and a plate having a proximal end and a distal end, said plate having a plurality of bone screw holes formed therethrough, said plate having an upper surface and a lower surface wherein said lower surface is constructed to substantially conform to the dorsal surface of the radius bone, and said attachment portion of said blade attached to said distal end of said plate.
7. The bone fixation device for the treatment of distal radial fractures of Claim 6, wherein said distal end of said plate and said attachment portion of said blade have holes formed therethrough whereby said blade can be attached to said plate by placing a retaining screw through said holes defined through said attachment portion of said blade and said distal end of said plate.
8. The bone fixation device for the treatment of distal radial fractures of Claim 6, wherein said plurality of bone screw holes formed through said plate have a decreasing dimension from said upper surface to said lower surface whereby a bone screw can be countersunk through each said bone screw hole.
9. The bone fixation device for the treatment of distal radial fractures of Claim 6, wherein said plate decreases in width from said distal end to said proximal end of said plate.
10. The bone fixation device for the treatment of distal radial fractures of the radius of Claim 6, further comprising a plurality of bone screws, said bone screws being constructed to be countersunk through said bone screw holes formed on said plate.
11. The bone fixation device for the treatment of distal radial fractures of Claim 6, wherein a plurality of blades are attached to said plate.
12. The bone fixation device for the treatment of distal radial fractures of Claim 6, wherein said upper surface and said lower surface of said plate are depressed proximate said bone screw holes formed through said plate.
13. The bone fixation device for the treatment of distal radial fractures of Claim 12, wherein said plate has a substantially constant thickness.
14. The bone fixation device for the treatment of distal radial fractures of Claim 6, wherein said blade further comprises a wing section, said wing section extending substantially perpendicularly from said blade insertion portion.
15. The bone fixation device for the treatment of distal radial fractures of Claim 14, wherein a plurality of said wing sections extend substantially perpendicularly from said blade insertion portion.
16 16. The use of a bone fixation set comprising a fixation plate, said plate having a plurality of bone screw holes formed therethrough, said plate having a proximal end and a distal end, said plate having an upper surface and a lower surface, said lower surface of said plate constructed to substantially conform to the dorsal surface of the radius bone, said upper surface and said lower surface of said plate being depressed proximate said bone screw holes formed through said plate, whereby said bone fixation set has a low-profile when attached to the radius bone for repairing a distal radial fracture.
17. A low-profile bone fixation plate for the treatment of fractures comprising:
a bone fixation plate having a plurality of bone screw openings formed therethrough for receiving bone screws, said plate having an upper surface and a lower surface, said bone screw openings uniformly tapering inwardly from said upper to said lower surface whereby bone screws implanted in the bone are recessed within the fixation plate to provide a low profile fixation plate for treating bone fractures, and wherein said upper and lower surfaces are depressed proximate said bone screw openings.
a bone fixation plate having a plurality of bone screw openings formed therethrough for receiving bone screws, said plate having an upper surface and a lower surface, said bone screw openings uniformly tapering inwardly from said upper to said lower surface whereby bone screws implanted in the bone are recessed within the fixation plate to provide a low profile fixation plate for treating bone fractures, and wherein said upper and lower surfaces are depressed proximate said bone screw openings.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US418,582 | 1989-10-10 | ||
US07/418,582 US5006120A (en) | 1989-10-10 | 1989-10-10 | Distal radial fracture set and method for repairing distal radial fractures |
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CA2026268A1 CA2026268A1 (en) | 1991-04-11 |
CA2026268C true CA2026268C (en) | 1999-03-30 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CA002026268A Expired - Lifetime CA2026268C (en) | 1989-10-10 | 1990-09-26 | A distal radial fracture set and method for repairing distal radial fractures |
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US (1) | US5006120A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2026268C (en) |
CH (1) | CH680562A5 (en) |
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