CA2033912C - Device for orienting appliances, prostheses, and instrumentation in medical procedures and methods for making same - Google Patents
Device for orienting appliances, prostheses, and instrumentation in medical procedures and methods for making sameInfo
- Publication number
- CA2033912C CA2033912C CA002033912A CA2033912A CA2033912C CA 2033912 C CA2033912 C CA 2033912C CA 002033912 A CA002033912 A CA 002033912A CA 2033912 A CA2033912 A CA 2033912A CA 2033912 C CA2033912 C CA 2033912C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- guide
- orienting
- positioning
- landmark
- patient tissue
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/17—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires
- A61B17/1739—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires specially adapted for particular parts of the body
- A61B17/1757—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires specially adapted for particular parts of the body for the spine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/17—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/42—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests having means for desensitising skin, for protruding skin to facilitate piercing, or for locating point where body is to be pierced
- A61M5/427—Locating point where body is to be pierced, e.g. vein location means using ultrasonic waves, injection site templates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/17—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires
- A61B17/1728—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires for holes for bone plates or plate screws
Abstract
A guide, and methods for its manufacture and use, for use with a medical instrument whereby the instrument must contact a patient's tissue at a particular location. Given the specific patient's tissue geometry, the general medical procedure and the specific practitioner's requests, if any, a nonadjustable guide is specifically manufactured such that one or more locations of the invention attaches to and/or abuts against a portion of patient tissue correctly orienting the device with respect to the patient's tissue geometry for purposes of performing the given medical task. The remaining geometric features of the device are dictated by the task for which it is designed and other characteristics of the tissue.
Description
2~339~2 I. BACRGROUND OF TH~ I~v~ lON
A. Field of the Invention The present invention relAte~ generally to devices u~ed to establish proper orientation of medical instruments during medical procedures. The present in~ention also relates to methods for producing devices used for orienting instruments during medical procedure~.
B. DescriPtion of the Prior Art There are many medical procedures which are technically demanding on the physician. More particularly, certain medical procedures require, for example, the cutting, drilling, rea~ng, or shaping of tissue, specifically, bone. When a practitioner performs these ta~k~, a high degree of accuracy in estahlishing the proper orientation of medical instruments is required. In certain orthopedic and neurosurgical procedures these tasks can be extremely difficult because the practitioner must rely on locating a portion of the tissue, referred to as a lAn~-rk, and manually orient an instrument, appliance and~or prosthesis relative to that 1A n~mA rk.
While ~ome in~trumentation is available for fixing an apparatus to the tissuQ to aid the practitioner in orienting the instrument, appliance and/or prosthesis relativQ to the l~n~m~rk~
such existing devices must be manually ad~usted via, for example, X
2~33~12 screw~ to properly orient the instrument, appliance or prosthesis before the medical task is performed. This ma~ual ad~u~tment may require the concurrent use of 8CAnn i ng X-ray equipment.
The inconvenience of requiring the practitioner, during a medical procedure, to ~-n~ ly ad~ust such a device, while monitoring other equipment, to properly orient the instrument, appliance or prosthesis is a disadvantage of the existing devices.
Disadvantageously, such adjustment requires the additional time of the practitioner, of the operating facility in which the medical procedure i8 being performed and of the other personnel required to be present during the procedure to assist the pr~ctitioner, as well as a resulting additional expense to the patient. Most importantly, this disadvantage creates an added risk to the patient's life due to the additional time required to perform the procedure.
Another disadvantage i8 the great potential for inaccurate application of the instrument, appliance and/or prosthesis due to the ad~ustability of the existing devices. For example, u~ing such a device, the practitioner may be required to make several failed attempts to properly orient an appliance or prosthesis before achieving the proper orientstion for the appliance or prosthesis. Additionally, due to the ad~ustability of the conventional devices, there is a high probability that the practitioner may never achieve an accurate orientation of the appliance or prosthesis.
2 U 3 3 9 ~ -d Still another di~ad~antagQ of the conY~Ltional dQ~ico~ i5 the additional c08t in having the scAnner X-ray equipment and a qualified operator available during the procedure.
II. SUMMA~Y OF THE INv~NllON
The object of the present invention is to provide a simple and direct way by which a medical instrument may be precisely guided to a point of interest within the body. Stated otherwise, the ob~ect of the pre~ent invention is to provide ~he practitioner with the ability to establish orientation by u~e of a device which locates a point of interest, relative to a given lAn~m~rk, and directly as~ists in performing the task at hand.
Another ob~ect of the present invention i9 to manufacture distinct patient and medical task specific devices, given information concerning the individual patient~ 8 tissue geometry at the gi~en l~n~rk location, the general medical procedure to be performed, the specific requests by the practitioner, if any, and the particular medical task at hand. The information concerning the individual patient~s geometry can be ~upplied via one or more in~asi~e or noninvasive modalities, e.g., exploratory surgery, radiograph, computed tomography scan, nuclesr magnetic re~onance, photon emission tomogr~phy, etc. This coll~ction of data prior to fabricating the patient specific devices of the present invention makes possible the necessary preci~ion required by a practitioner when preforming a medical procedure. The patient specific devices of the pre~ent invention, in con~unction with appropriate data, establish a high probability of accuracy for the practi~ioner when~pplying the in~trument, sppliance and/or prosthesi~ for which the device wa~ de~igned.
Still another advantage of the pr~sQnt invention i8 the reduced time required to perform the medical procedure, and resulting expense to the patient. Using the present in~ention, the practitioner merely has to locate the l~ k surface and affix the de~ice to the location. No further manual ad~ustment i~
required. The device then assists the practitioner in properly orienting the in~trument, appliance and/or prosthesis and virtually eliminates any inaccurate application of the instrument, appliance and/or prosthesis.
La~tly, another ob~ect of the present invontion is to mi~;mi ze or to eliminate the need for sc~nning X-ray equipment and for a qualified operator of such equipment to be present during the medical procedure.
Additional ob~ects and ad~antageg of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be ob~ious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The ob~ects and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by m~n~ of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
To achieve the objects and in accordance with the purpo~e of the invention, a~ embodied and broadly described herein, the de~ice of the invention comprise~ a positioning ~c-~ and an orienting means. ~he positioning meang hag a pogitioning surface, correspon~ing to a reference point on a gurface af a l~n~rk~
)~
21133~2 determined prior to performing a medical ta~k, for positioning the guide to remain in a fixed loc~tion with respect to the l~nd~rk surface.
The ori~nting means i8 fixedly connected to the positioning means and guides an instrument to he used in the medical ta~k to contact a patient tis~ue at an appropriate location, determined prior to performing the medical task, when the guide i8 in the fixed location.
An embodiment of the present in~ention includes the positioning means, the orienting means and a securing mean~. The positioning means has a positioning surface, corresponding .o a plurality of reference points on a surface ~f a l~n~r~, determined prior to performing the medical task, for positioning the guide to remain in a fixed location with respect to the landmark surface. The positioning surface further comprises a portion whereln the portion matches a plurality of points on the landmark ~urface.
The orienting means is fixedly connected to the positioning means and guides an instrument to be used in the medical ~ask to contact a patient tissue at an ap~opriate location, deter~ined prior to performing the medical task, when the guide is in the fixed location. The orienting means further comprises an orienting portion defining a plurality of orienting holes, for guiding the instrument to contact the patient tissue at the appropriate location when the instrument i~ inserted in one of the orienting holes.
20339~2 The securing means is connected to the positioning means, for L~,.,ovably attaching the device to the patient. The securing means include~ a securing port~on capable of attaching to, or being secured to, patient tissue, and optionally includes a hole through which a securing element may be ~nserted to contact patient tissue.
The present invention also is directed to a method of manufacturing a guide (e.g., a device according to the invention ) out of a biocompatible material for performing a medical task during a medical procedure, wherein an instrument must contact a patient tissue at an appropriate location, and wherein a reference point, corresponding to a surface of a patient tissue to be used as a lA~m~rk, is determined prior to performing the medical task.
The method is characterized by the steps of (a) collecting data regarding a patient tissue geometry including the reference point corresponding to the l~n~mArk surface, via a modality;
(b) collecting data concerning the medical procedure, the medical task to be performed and the instrument to be u~ed during the task;
(c) fabricating the positioning means from the biocompatible material characterized by a positioning surface corresponding to the patient tissue geometry and to the data, for positioning the guide in a fixed location with respect to the l~mArk surface;
and X
2~33912 (d) fabr~cating the orienting means from the biocompatible material, fixedly connected to the positioning means and corresponding to the data, for guiding the instrument to contact the patient tissue at the appropriate location when the guide i8 placed in the fixed location.
It i~ to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate one embodiment of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
III. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is an isometric pro~ection of an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a top view of the embodiment.
Figure 3 is a side view of the embodiment.
Figure 4 is a side view of the embodiment placed adjacent to a spine.
Figure 5 is a slde view of the embodiment with an orienting surface.
Figure 6 is a cross pin with stop to be inserted through a single positioning hole depicted in Figure 2.
X
2~33~
IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMEN~
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiment of the invention, examples of which are illu~trated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawing~ to refer to the same or like partq.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention, as depicted in Fig. 1, i9 primarily designed for a procedure of drilling into bone. The present invention may also be used for other medical tasks, including but not li~ited to the cutting, reaming and shaping of tissue. In the preferred embodiment of the present in~ention, given a predetermined location of the body wherein a medical task is to be performed, a three-~imPn~ional tissue geometry is constructed via a noninvasive method, e.g., radiograph, computed tomography scan, nuclear magnetic resonance or photon emis~ion to,uo~.aphy. An invasive method, for example, exploratory surgery, also may be performed to gather the three-~ime~ional tissue geometry.
Given the ~pecific patient~ ti~sue geometry, the general medical procedure and the specific practitioner's requests, if any, the preferred embodiment of the present invention i~
specifically manufactured such that one or more locations of a device according to the invention attaches to and/or abut~ against a specific surface in order to correctly orient the de~ice with respect to the patient's ti8sue geometry for purposes of perf~rm;ng the given medical ta~k. The r~ nin~ geometric X
2033~12 features of the device are dictated by the task for which it i8designed and other characteristic~ of the tissue. For e~ampl 9, the preferred embodiment of the present invention may contain one or more holes used by a practitioner for establishing the location of drill hole~ in the bone for the purpose of performing certain medical tasks with conventional medical instruments. The device according to the present invention also may contain one or more openings, surfaces, contours, templates or indicators used by the practitioner for establishing the location of cut planes, drill hole~, shaping surfaces or reference vectors for the purpose of performing a variety of medical tasks with a variety of medical instruments, e.g., emplacement of a supporting plate.
Referring to the accompanying figures, Figs. 1-3, it may be seen that the preferred embodiment of the present invention pro~ides a guide 10, for performing a medical task during a medical procedure, wherein an instrument must contact a patient tissue at appropriate locations, and wherein a plurality of reference points, corresponding to surfaces to be used as landmarks, are determ~ned prior to performing the medical task. A
lAn~mArk may be, for example, a unique surface of a patient tissue and/or an installed synthetic surface. This embodiment was designed to properly orient screw hole locations and depth for insertion of screws into the bony tissue surrounding the ~pine for securing a plate tnot shown) to three vertebras of the ~pinal column using unique surfaces of a patient tissue as l~n~m~rk~.
In addition to the guide 10 of the present embodiment, the medical instruments required to perform thiR task are, for _ 9 _ example, ~crews, cros~ pins, guide sleeve~, a drill with st~p, a tap, a screwdriver and a nut driver.
The plurality of reference pointQ, corresponding to surfaceQ
of a p~ti~t tisque to be u~ed 88 1An~m~rk8, are determi~ by means of a method for determining a three ~l~e~sional p~tient tissue geometry as described, for example, in 5 Radiology of the Skull and Brain, Technical A~pect-q of Computed Tomography (1980).
The body iq ~ub~ected to radiant energy to produce radiant energy response~ internal to the body. The radiant energy respon~es are detected to obtain representations of substances at location~
internal to the body. Finally, a set of three ~im~n~iona coordinate~ is generated and defines a three ~ims~ional representation of one or more selected landmark~, which in thi~
particularly case are internal to the body.
Once the three ~men~ional patient tissue geometry of the landmark surface~ is generated, the preferred embodiment of the pre~ent invention may be manufactured. Prior to fabricating the device of the preferred embodiment, using the specific patient tissue geometry, other data conc~r~i ng the procedure to bo performed, for example, the placement of Ccrew hole locations on the patient tissue, a~ well as the angle and depth of the screw holes i8 determ1 ne~ . Finally, after this information concerning the procedure and any additional information from the practitioner is obtAi~, the guide 10 can bo fabric~ted from biocomp~tible material.
In accordance with the preferred embodiment, the present invention compris~s a positioning meang, an orienting meAns and a 2~33912 securing mean~. The orient$ng means and the securing means are fixedly connected to the positioning means in, for example, a unitary body or monolithic structure.
A~ i~lustrated in Fig. 4, the pr9~ m~ 1 end of the guide 10 iB
determ~ ned by the location of the guide 10 with re~pect to the location of the head. That side of the guide 10, closest to the head, when the guide lO is placed on the spinal ~olumn, i~
referred to as the proximal end.
In accordance with the preferred embodiment, the guide 10 as illustrati~ely shown is Figs. 1 and 2, comprises a posterior surface 20. Also depicted in Figs. 1 and 2 is the guide 10 which defines numerous hollow openings from the posterior surface 20, through the guide 10, to a positioning surface 12. In Fig. 1 these openings include a proximal hollow portion 18, a viewing hollow portion 19 and a plurality of orienting holes 24 a-c on the right side of the guide 10 and a plurality of orienting holes 26 a-c on the left side of the guide 10. All of these openings are fabricated in the guide 10 in accordance with instructions ~oncerning the medical task to be performed and the specific patient tissue geometry ad~acent to where the task is going to be performed. Most important to the present embo~;~ent, the proximal hollow portion 18, defined by the guide 10, permits the practitioner to confirm proper placement of the positioning surface }2 on a lAn~r~rk surface. The viewing hollow portion 19 allows the practitioner to ~iew a patient tissue ad~acent to 1 ~n~ rk surfaces.
2(~33~l2 In accordance with this embQAiment of the present inve~tion, the positioning means is characterized by having the positioning surface 12. As illustratively shown in Figs. 1 and 3, by way of exzmple and not limitation, the po~itioning surface 12 is provide~, a portion of which corresponds to the plurality of referenae points of the pstient ti~sue geometry, for positioning the guide 10 to remain in a fixed locAtion with respect to the landmark surfaces. The po itioning surface 12 includes a surface portion 13 and two positioning portions 28 and 36. The positioning portion~ respecti~ely correspond to sub~ ou~ of the plurality of reference points on the surface of a patient ti~sue previously referred to as surface lan~mA rks .
The proximal positioning portion 28 is located at the proximal end on the guide 10. The distal positioning portion 36, located at the distal end of the guide 10, substantially axially spaced from the proximal positioning portion 28, corresponds to a subgroup of the plurality of reference points which form, for example, a contour ~urface which matches or compliments a 1~r~rk surface.
The proYi~l positioning portion 28 of the po~itioning surface 12, as depicted in ~ig. 1, by way of example and not limitation, comprises the proxim~l po~itioning surfaces 14 and 15.
The proyim~l positioning surfaces 14 and 15, varying in depth from the surface portion 13 by proximal off~et p~sitioning portions 16 and 17 respectively, contain sufficient geometric features t~
constitute a surface or contour which matches and/or complements a l~n~m~rk surface, or at least to constitute a ~urface that mates 2~339~
to or engages the landmark. The vary~ng depth of each of theoffset proYi m~ 1 po~itioning portions 16 and 17 i8 determined by the ~hree ~imsn~ional patient tissue geometry. This enables the positioning surface 12, including the proxLmal positioning surfaces 1~ and 15, to lie ad~acent to and/or abut against l~n~mArk surfaces.
As stated earlier, the proximal hollow port~on 18, defined by inside ~urfaces 29, 31, and 32 of the guide 10, illustrated in Fig. 1, permits the practitioner to establish proper placement of the positioning surface 12 of the guide 10, including the proximal positioning portion 28, on the spinal column ad~acent to the location on the spinal column where the medical task is to be performed. The inside surfaces 29, 31 and 32 of the proximal hollow portion 18 contact a surface of a t~n~-rk.
The distal positioning portion 36 of the positioning surface 12 is V-shaped and comprises a two-sided surface including a right-~ide distal positionin~ qurface 37 and a left-side distal positioning surface 38. The V-shaped distal positioning portion 36 comprised of the right-side distal positioning surface 37 and the left-~ide distal positioning surf~ce 38, also contain sufficient geometric features to constitute a surface or contour which matches and/or complements another l~ rk surface, or a surface which engages the l~n~m~rk ~urface.
As stated earlier, the viewing hollow portion 19 of the guide 10 allows the practitioner to view a patient tissue ad~acent to the lAn~mA-k surfaces correspon~ng to the positioning portions 28 and 36 of the positioning surface 12 of the guide 10. Purther 2~33~12 variation of the present invention would be apparent to onPskilled in the art by adding multiple positioning surfaces and~or multiple contours to the present embodiment.
In accordance with the present embodiment, as depicted in Figs. 1 and 2, the orienting means, fixedly conn~cted to the positioning means, is characterized by having an orienting portion defining a plurality of orienting holes, 24 a-c and 26 a-c, for guiding instruments inserted in the orienting holes 24 a-c and 26 a-c to contact the patient tissue at the appropriate locations when the guide is in the fixed location. In addition to the orienting holes 24 a-c and 26 a-c, Fig. 1 depict~ the reference vector lines corresponding to each of the orienting holes 24 a-c and 26 a-c. These vectors indicate the predet~rmined angles of the orienting holes 24 a-c and 26 a-c manufactured in the guide lO. In this embodiment the orienting holes 24 a-c and 26 a-c guide a drill bit to contact the patient tissue at the appropriate locations, indicated by the reference vectors, adjacent to the positioning surface 12, and to drill a hole into the patient tissue at the correct angle and depth. Additionally, the orienting holes 24 a-c and 2~ a-c guide other in~truments to perform other tasks during the medical procedure, e.g., guiding screws to the appropriate t~ssue locations.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications ànd variations can be made in the orienting portion of the present invention and in construction of the orienting portlon without departing from the scope or spirit of the inve~ion. As an example, as illustratively shown in Fig. 5, the 2033~
orienting portion may include an orienting slit 45 to guide a ~a~to contact an appropriate patient tis~ue location. The orienting slit 45 may contain a proximal orienting slit ~urface 46, a distal orienting slit surface 47 and a lower orienting slit ~u~facQ 48 which for~ a miter box-type groove in the upper surface 20 of the guide 10 to guide a saw in~erted in the groove to contact a patient tis~ue at the appropriate location. In a second example, the orienting portion may include an orienting surface 4g to guide a saw, placed ad~acent to the orienting surface 49, to contact a patient tissue at the appropriate location. In still another example, the orienting portion may define an orienting template with proximal and distal template surfaces, to guide an instrument to contact a patlent tissue at the appropriate location. It would be apparent to one skilled in the art that the orienting portion may include any combination of orienting holes and/or orienting ~urfaces.
In accordance with the present invention, the securing means, fixedly connected to the positioning means, is for l~ovable attachment of the positionin~ surface ad~acent to the patient tissue used as landmarks. A~ an example, the present embodiment characterizes the securing means as including a securing portion which defines a plurality of securing holes. AS illustratively shown in Fig. 2, by way of example and not limitation, ~ecuring holes 21 a-b and 22 a-b are located at oppo~ite ends of the guide, two at the prox;~l end 21 a-b and two at the distal end 22 a-b, abov~ the re~pective positioning portion~ 28 and 36. Securing devices, for example, a cross pin with a ~top 23 depicted in X
~ig. 6, may be inserted through the securing holes 21 a-b and 22 a-b at a predetermined angle to contact the patient tissue ad~acent to the l~n~mPr~s and to secure the guide 10 to the patient tlssue. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the securing means of the present invention and in construction of the securing means portion without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.
Now an example of a medical procedure using the preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described. As discussed esrlier, prior to performing the procedure, the patient's three ~imensional tissue geometry, corresponding to the location along the spinal column where a standard metal plate is to be secured to fuse two or more vertebras together, is determined ~ia a noninvasive means, e.g., a standard CT scan.
Many components of the present invention are designed for the individual patient's tissue geometry.
The metal plate described above is secured with screws. The placement of the screws, screw hole orientation and depth, is provided at each screw location with the custom instrumentation of the pre~ent invention. Additionally, each screw i8 manufactured to a prescribed length and the plates are manufactured to mstch the final screw placement in the spinal column.
Generally, the instrumentation required to perform the procedure includes:
20339~2 1) The guide of the preferred emboAdiment of the - present invention manufactured from biocompatible, autoclaveable plastic which functions to orient the screw holes to specific bony tissue lan~rk~.
2) Cross Pins: For example, stainle~s steel pins with depth stops to secure the guide at proximal and distal locations.
3) Guide sleeves: Cylindrical plastic sleeves to be installed in the guide to e~tablish screw hole orientation and depth.
A. Field of the Invention The present invention relAte~ generally to devices u~ed to establish proper orientation of medical instruments during medical procedures. The present in~ention also relates to methods for producing devices used for orienting instruments during medical procedure~.
B. DescriPtion of the Prior Art There are many medical procedures which are technically demanding on the physician. More particularly, certain medical procedures require, for example, the cutting, drilling, rea~ng, or shaping of tissue, specifically, bone. When a practitioner performs these ta~k~, a high degree of accuracy in estahlishing the proper orientation of medical instruments is required. In certain orthopedic and neurosurgical procedures these tasks can be extremely difficult because the practitioner must rely on locating a portion of the tissue, referred to as a lAn~-rk, and manually orient an instrument, appliance and~or prosthesis relative to that 1A n~mA rk.
While ~ome in~trumentation is available for fixing an apparatus to the tissuQ to aid the practitioner in orienting the instrument, appliance and/or prosthesis relativQ to the l~n~m~rk~
such existing devices must be manually ad~usted via, for example, X
2~33~12 screw~ to properly orient the instrument, appliance or prosthesis before the medical task is performed. This ma~ual ad~u~tment may require the concurrent use of 8CAnn i ng X-ray equipment.
The inconvenience of requiring the practitioner, during a medical procedure, to ~-n~ ly ad~ust such a device, while monitoring other equipment, to properly orient the instrument, appliance or prosthesis is a disadvantage of the existing devices.
Disadvantageously, such adjustment requires the additional time of the practitioner, of the operating facility in which the medical procedure i8 being performed and of the other personnel required to be present during the procedure to assist the pr~ctitioner, as well as a resulting additional expense to the patient. Most importantly, this disadvantage creates an added risk to the patient's life due to the additional time required to perform the procedure.
Another disadvantage i8 the great potential for inaccurate application of the instrument, appliance and/or prosthesis due to the ad~ustability of the existing devices. For example, u~ing such a device, the practitioner may be required to make several failed attempts to properly orient an appliance or prosthesis before achieving the proper orientstion for the appliance or prosthesis. Additionally, due to the ad~ustability of the conventional devices, there is a high probability that the practitioner may never achieve an accurate orientation of the appliance or prosthesis.
2 U 3 3 9 ~ -d Still another di~ad~antagQ of the conY~Ltional dQ~ico~ i5 the additional c08t in having the scAnner X-ray equipment and a qualified operator available during the procedure.
II. SUMMA~Y OF THE INv~NllON
The object of the present invention is to provide a simple and direct way by which a medical instrument may be precisely guided to a point of interest within the body. Stated otherwise, the ob~ect of the pre~ent invention is to provide ~he practitioner with the ability to establish orientation by u~e of a device which locates a point of interest, relative to a given lAn~m~rk, and directly as~ists in performing the task at hand.
Another ob~ect of the present invention i9 to manufacture distinct patient and medical task specific devices, given information concerning the individual patient~ 8 tissue geometry at the gi~en l~n~rk location, the general medical procedure to be performed, the specific requests by the practitioner, if any, and the particular medical task at hand. The information concerning the individual patient~s geometry can be ~upplied via one or more in~asi~e or noninvasive modalities, e.g., exploratory surgery, radiograph, computed tomography scan, nuclesr magnetic re~onance, photon emission tomogr~phy, etc. This coll~ction of data prior to fabricating the patient specific devices of the present invention makes possible the necessary preci~ion required by a practitioner when preforming a medical procedure. The patient specific devices of the pre~ent invention, in con~unction with appropriate data, establish a high probability of accuracy for the practi~ioner when~pplying the in~trument, sppliance and/or prosthesi~ for which the device wa~ de~igned.
Still another advantage of the pr~sQnt invention i8 the reduced time required to perform the medical procedure, and resulting expense to the patient. Using the present in~ention, the practitioner merely has to locate the l~ k surface and affix the de~ice to the location. No further manual ad~ustment i~
required. The device then assists the practitioner in properly orienting the in~trument, appliance and/or prosthesis and virtually eliminates any inaccurate application of the instrument, appliance and/or prosthesis.
La~tly, another ob~ect of the present invontion is to mi~;mi ze or to eliminate the need for sc~nning X-ray equipment and for a qualified operator of such equipment to be present during the medical procedure.
Additional ob~ects and ad~antageg of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be ob~ious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The ob~ects and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by m~n~ of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
To achieve the objects and in accordance with the purpo~e of the invention, a~ embodied and broadly described herein, the de~ice of the invention comprise~ a positioning ~c-~ and an orienting means. ~he positioning meang hag a pogitioning surface, correspon~ing to a reference point on a gurface af a l~n~rk~
)~
21133~2 determined prior to performing a medical ta~k, for positioning the guide to remain in a fixed loc~tion with respect to the l~nd~rk surface.
The ori~nting means i8 fixedly connected to the positioning means and guides an instrument to he used in the medical ta~k to contact a patient tis~ue at an appropriate location, determined prior to performing the medical task, when the guide i8 in the fixed location.
An embodiment of the present in~ention includes the positioning means, the orienting means and a securing mean~. The positioning means has a positioning surface, corresponding .o a plurality of reference points on a surface ~f a l~n~r~, determined prior to performing the medical task, for positioning the guide to remain in a fixed location with respect to the landmark surface. The positioning surface further comprises a portion whereln the portion matches a plurality of points on the landmark ~urface.
The orienting means is fixedly connected to the positioning means and guides an instrument to be used in the medical ~ask to contact a patient tissue at an ap~opriate location, deter~ined prior to performing the medical task, when the guide is in the fixed location. The orienting means further comprises an orienting portion defining a plurality of orienting holes, for guiding the instrument to contact the patient tissue at the appropriate location when the instrument i~ inserted in one of the orienting holes.
20339~2 The securing means is connected to the positioning means, for L~,.,ovably attaching the device to the patient. The securing means include~ a securing port~on capable of attaching to, or being secured to, patient tissue, and optionally includes a hole through which a securing element may be ~nserted to contact patient tissue.
The present invention also is directed to a method of manufacturing a guide (e.g., a device according to the invention ) out of a biocompatible material for performing a medical task during a medical procedure, wherein an instrument must contact a patient tissue at an appropriate location, and wherein a reference point, corresponding to a surface of a patient tissue to be used as a lA~m~rk, is determined prior to performing the medical task.
The method is characterized by the steps of (a) collecting data regarding a patient tissue geometry including the reference point corresponding to the l~n~mArk surface, via a modality;
(b) collecting data concerning the medical procedure, the medical task to be performed and the instrument to be u~ed during the task;
(c) fabricating the positioning means from the biocompatible material characterized by a positioning surface corresponding to the patient tissue geometry and to the data, for positioning the guide in a fixed location with respect to the l~mArk surface;
and X
2~33912 (d) fabr~cating the orienting means from the biocompatible material, fixedly connected to the positioning means and corresponding to the data, for guiding the instrument to contact the patient tissue at the appropriate location when the guide i8 placed in the fixed location.
It i~ to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate one embodiment of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
III. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is an isometric pro~ection of an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a top view of the embodiment.
Figure 3 is a side view of the embodiment.
Figure 4 is a side view of the embodiment placed adjacent to a spine.
Figure 5 is a slde view of the embodiment with an orienting surface.
Figure 6 is a cross pin with stop to be inserted through a single positioning hole depicted in Figure 2.
X
2~33~
IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMEN~
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiment of the invention, examples of which are illu~trated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawing~ to refer to the same or like partq.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention, as depicted in Fig. 1, i9 primarily designed for a procedure of drilling into bone. The present invention may also be used for other medical tasks, including but not li~ited to the cutting, reaming and shaping of tissue. In the preferred embodiment of the present in~ention, given a predetermined location of the body wherein a medical task is to be performed, a three-~imPn~ional tissue geometry is constructed via a noninvasive method, e.g., radiograph, computed tomography scan, nuclear magnetic resonance or photon emis~ion to,uo~.aphy. An invasive method, for example, exploratory surgery, also may be performed to gather the three-~ime~ional tissue geometry.
Given the ~pecific patient~ ti~sue geometry, the general medical procedure and the specific practitioner's requests, if any, the preferred embodiment of the present invention i~
specifically manufactured such that one or more locations of a device according to the invention attaches to and/or abut~ against a specific surface in order to correctly orient the de~ice with respect to the patient's ti8sue geometry for purposes of perf~rm;ng the given medical ta~k. The r~ nin~ geometric X
2033~12 features of the device are dictated by the task for which it i8designed and other characteristic~ of the tissue. For e~ampl 9, the preferred embodiment of the present invention may contain one or more holes used by a practitioner for establishing the location of drill hole~ in the bone for the purpose of performing certain medical tasks with conventional medical instruments. The device according to the present invention also may contain one or more openings, surfaces, contours, templates or indicators used by the practitioner for establishing the location of cut planes, drill hole~, shaping surfaces or reference vectors for the purpose of performing a variety of medical tasks with a variety of medical instruments, e.g., emplacement of a supporting plate.
Referring to the accompanying figures, Figs. 1-3, it may be seen that the preferred embodiment of the present invention pro~ides a guide 10, for performing a medical task during a medical procedure, wherein an instrument must contact a patient tissue at appropriate locations, and wherein a plurality of reference points, corresponding to surfaces to be used as landmarks, are determ~ned prior to performing the medical task. A
lAn~mArk may be, for example, a unique surface of a patient tissue and/or an installed synthetic surface. This embodiment was designed to properly orient screw hole locations and depth for insertion of screws into the bony tissue surrounding the ~pine for securing a plate tnot shown) to three vertebras of the ~pinal column using unique surfaces of a patient tissue as l~n~m~rk~.
In addition to the guide 10 of the present embodiment, the medical instruments required to perform thiR task are, for _ 9 _ example, ~crews, cros~ pins, guide sleeve~, a drill with st~p, a tap, a screwdriver and a nut driver.
The plurality of reference pointQ, corresponding to surfaceQ
of a p~ti~t tisque to be u~ed 88 1An~m~rk8, are determi~ by means of a method for determining a three ~l~e~sional p~tient tissue geometry as described, for example, in 5 Radiology of the Skull and Brain, Technical A~pect-q of Computed Tomography (1980).
The body iq ~ub~ected to radiant energy to produce radiant energy response~ internal to the body. The radiant energy respon~es are detected to obtain representations of substances at location~
internal to the body. Finally, a set of three ~im~n~iona coordinate~ is generated and defines a three ~ims~ional representation of one or more selected landmark~, which in thi~
particularly case are internal to the body.
Once the three ~men~ional patient tissue geometry of the landmark surface~ is generated, the preferred embodiment of the pre~ent invention may be manufactured. Prior to fabricating the device of the preferred embodiment, using the specific patient tissue geometry, other data conc~r~i ng the procedure to bo performed, for example, the placement of Ccrew hole locations on the patient tissue, a~ well as the angle and depth of the screw holes i8 determ1 ne~ . Finally, after this information concerning the procedure and any additional information from the practitioner is obtAi~, the guide 10 can bo fabric~ted from biocomp~tible material.
In accordance with the preferred embodiment, the present invention compris~s a positioning meang, an orienting meAns and a 2~33912 securing mean~. The orient$ng means and the securing means are fixedly connected to the positioning means in, for example, a unitary body or monolithic structure.
A~ i~lustrated in Fig. 4, the pr9~ m~ 1 end of the guide 10 iB
determ~ ned by the location of the guide 10 with re~pect to the location of the head. That side of the guide 10, closest to the head, when the guide lO is placed on the spinal ~olumn, i~
referred to as the proximal end.
In accordance with the preferred embodiment, the guide 10 as illustrati~ely shown is Figs. 1 and 2, comprises a posterior surface 20. Also depicted in Figs. 1 and 2 is the guide 10 which defines numerous hollow openings from the posterior surface 20, through the guide 10, to a positioning surface 12. In Fig. 1 these openings include a proximal hollow portion 18, a viewing hollow portion 19 and a plurality of orienting holes 24 a-c on the right side of the guide 10 and a plurality of orienting holes 26 a-c on the left side of the guide 10. All of these openings are fabricated in the guide 10 in accordance with instructions ~oncerning the medical task to be performed and the specific patient tissue geometry ad~acent to where the task is going to be performed. Most important to the present embo~;~ent, the proximal hollow portion 18, defined by the guide 10, permits the practitioner to confirm proper placement of the positioning surface }2 on a lAn~r~rk surface. The viewing hollow portion 19 allows the practitioner to ~iew a patient tissue ad~acent to 1 ~n~ rk surfaces.
2(~33~l2 In accordance with this embQAiment of the present inve~tion, the positioning means is characterized by having the positioning surface 12. As illustratively shown in Figs. 1 and 3, by way of exzmple and not limitation, the po~itioning surface 12 is provide~, a portion of which corresponds to the plurality of referenae points of the pstient ti~sue geometry, for positioning the guide 10 to remain in a fixed locAtion with respect to the landmark surfaces. The po itioning surface 12 includes a surface portion 13 and two positioning portions 28 and 36. The positioning portion~ respecti~ely correspond to sub~ ou~ of the plurality of reference points on the surface of a patient ti~sue previously referred to as surface lan~mA rks .
The proximal positioning portion 28 is located at the proximal end on the guide 10. The distal positioning portion 36, located at the distal end of the guide 10, substantially axially spaced from the proximal positioning portion 28, corresponds to a subgroup of the plurality of reference points which form, for example, a contour ~urface which matches or compliments a 1~r~rk surface.
The proYi~l positioning portion 28 of the po~itioning surface 12, as depicted in ~ig. 1, by way of example and not limitation, comprises the proxim~l po~itioning surfaces 14 and 15.
The proyim~l positioning surfaces 14 and 15, varying in depth from the surface portion 13 by proximal off~et p~sitioning portions 16 and 17 respectively, contain sufficient geometric features t~
constitute a surface or contour which matches and/or complements a l~n~m~rk surface, or at least to constitute a ~urface that mates 2~339~
to or engages the landmark. The vary~ng depth of each of theoffset proYi m~ 1 po~itioning portions 16 and 17 i8 determined by the ~hree ~imsn~ional patient tissue geometry. This enables the positioning surface 12, including the proxLmal positioning surfaces 1~ and 15, to lie ad~acent to and/or abut against l~n~mArk surfaces.
As stated earlier, the proximal hollow port~on 18, defined by inside ~urfaces 29, 31, and 32 of the guide 10, illustrated in Fig. 1, permits the practitioner to establish proper placement of the positioning surface 12 of the guide 10, including the proximal positioning portion 28, on the spinal column ad~acent to the location on the spinal column where the medical task is to be performed. The inside surfaces 29, 31 and 32 of the proximal hollow portion 18 contact a surface of a t~n~-rk.
The distal positioning portion 36 of the positioning surface 12 is V-shaped and comprises a two-sided surface including a right-~ide distal positionin~ qurface 37 and a left-side distal positioning surface 38. The V-shaped distal positioning portion 36 comprised of the right-side distal positioning surface 37 and the left-~ide distal positioning surf~ce 38, also contain sufficient geometric features to constitute a surface or contour which matches and/or complements another l~ rk surface, or a surface which engages the l~n~m~rk ~urface.
As stated earlier, the viewing hollow portion 19 of the guide 10 allows the practitioner to view a patient tissue ad~acent to the lAn~mA-k surfaces correspon~ng to the positioning portions 28 and 36 of the positioning surface 12 of the guide 10. Purther 2~33~12 variation of the present invention would be apparent to onPskilled in the art by adding multiple positioning surfaces and~or multiple contours to the present embodiment.
In accordance with the present embodiment, as depicted in Figs. 1 and 2, the orienting means, fixedly conn~cted to the positioning means, is characterized by having an orienting portion defining a plurality of orienting holes, 24 a-c and 26 a-c, for guiding instruments inserted in the orienting holes 24 a-c and 26 a-c to contact the patient tissue at the appropriate locations when the guide is in the fixed location. In addition to the orienting holes 24 a-c and 26 a-c, Fig. 1 depict~ the reference vector lines corresponding to each of the orienting holes 24 a-c and 26 a-c. These vectors indicate the predet~rmined angles of the orienting holes 24 a-c and 26 a-c manufactured in the guide lO. In this embodiment the orienting holes 24 a-c and 26 a-c guide a drill bit to contact the patient tissue at the appropriate locations, indicated by the reference vectors, adjacent to the positioning surface 12, and to drill a hole into the patient tissue at the correct angle and depth. Additionally, the orienting holes 24 a-c and 2~ a-c guide other in~truments to perform other tasks during the medical procedure, e.g., guiding screws to the appropriate t~ssue locations.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications ànd variations can be made in the orienting portion of the present invention and in construction of the orienting portlon without departing from the scope or spirit of the inve~ion. As an example, as illustratively shown in Fig. 5, the 2033~
orienting portion may include an orienting slit 45 to guide a ~a~to contact an appropriate patient tis~ue location. The orienting slit 45 may contain a proximal orienting slit ~urface 46, a distal orienting slit surface 47 and a lower orienting slit ~u~facQ 48 which for~ a miter box-type groove in the upper surface 20 of the guide 10 to guide a saw in~erted in the groove to contact a patient tis~ue at the appropriate location. In a second example, the orienting portion may include an orienting surface 4g to guide a saw, placed ad~acent to the orienting surface 49, to contact a patient tissue at the appropriate location. In still another example, the orienting portion may define an orienting template with proximal and distal template surfaces, to guide an instrument to contact a patlent tissue at the appropriate location. It would be apparent to one skilled in the art that the orienting portion may include any combination of orienting holes and/or orienting ~urfaces.
In accordance with the present invention, the securing means, fixedly connected to the positioning means, is for l~ovable attachment of the positionin~ surface ad~acent to the patient tissue used as landmarks. A~ an example, the present embodiment characterizes the securing means as including a securing portion which defines a plurality of securing holes. AS illustratively shown in Fig. 2, by way of example and not limitation, ~ecuring holes 21 a-b and 22 a-b are located at oppo~ite ends of the guide, two at the prox;~l end 21 a-b and two at the distal end 22 a-b, abov~ the re~pective positioning portion~ 28 and 36. Securing devices, for example, a cross pin with a ~top 23 depicted in X
~ig. 6, may be inserted through the securing holes 21 a-b and 22 a-b at a predetermined angle to contact the patient tissue ad~acent to the l~n~mPr~s and to secure the guide 10 to the patient tlssue. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the securing means of the present invention and in construction of the securing means portion without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.
Now an example of a medical procedure using the preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described. As discussed esrlier, prior to performing the procedure, the patient's three ~imensional tissue geometry, corresponding to the location along the spinal column where a standard metal plate is to be secured to fuse two or more vertebras together, is determined ~ia a noninvasive means, e.g., a standard CT scan.
Many components of the present invention are designed for the individual patient's tissue geometry.
The metal plate described above is secured with screws. The placement of the screws, screw hole orientation and depth, is provided at each screw location with the custom instrumentation of the pre~ent invention. Additionally, each screw i8 manufactured to a prescribed length and the plates are manufactured to mstch the final screw placement in the spinal column.
Generally, the instrumentation required to perform the procedure includes:
20339~2 1) The guide of the preferred emboAdiment of the - present invention manufactured from biocompatible, autoclaveable plastic which functions to orient the screw holes to specific bony tissue lan~rk~.
2) Cross Pins: For example, stainle~s steel pins with depth stops to secure the guide at proximal and distal locations.
3) Guide sleeves: Cylindrical plastic sleeves to be installed in the guide to e~tablish screw hole orientation and depth.
4) Drill with Stop: Conventional surgical drill with chuck and pin cutter, to drill the screw holes to a prescribed orientation and depth.
5) Tap: Standard instrumentation used to thread a screw hole with 5mm incremental markings.
6) Screwdriver: St~n~rd instrumentation with 5mm incremer.tal markings.
7) Nut driver: St~n~Ard instrumentation.
To begin the procedure, the practitioner clears the ~oft ti~sue from the landmark locations. The practitioner then detPrmines the spinous process, referred to as the proximal landmark, ad~acent to which the proyim~l positioning portion 28 and the proximal hollow portion 18 of the guide 10 are to be fixed. The next step would be to place the drill guide proximal contour positioning portion 28 over the preselected spinous process. The practitioner would then pre~s firmly on the 203~912 posterior surface 20 of the guide 10 o~er the spine to en~ure thatthe guide 10 rests properly at both the proxim~ n~m~rk, ad~acent t~e proximal contour positioning portion 28, and at a di~tal landmark, ad~acent the distal contour positioning portion 3~, substantially axially spaced from the proYi m~ 1 landmark along the spine. If the gu~de 10 appear~ unstable, then the practitioner would remo~e the guide 10, ~ova any Lmpe~im~nts, e.g., soft tis~ue interfering with placement of the guide 10, and replace the guide 10 to its proper position.
Confirming proper placement of the guide~10 using the proximal hollow portion 18 and holding the guide 10 &table on the cpine, the next step is to insert the proximal and di~tal cross pins in the positioning holes 21 a-b and 22 a-b to contact the patient tissue and to secure the guide 10.
Now that the guide is cecured in place, the practitioner would proceed by placing the guide sleeves in the orienting holes 24 a-c and 26 a-c matching each ~leeve to its correct location.
Using the viewing hollow portion 19 to view the patient tissue during the task, the practitioner would then proceed, using a proper drill bit to accommodate a stAn~rd 2mm Steinman pin, by inserting the bit successively into each guide sleeve and drilling a 1/3 of the full depth hole into the bone ad~acent to the orienting holes 24 a-c and 26 a-c. St~n~rd 2mm Steinman pins are then inserted through each of the guide slee~es into the holes in the bony tissue. To ensure that the final placement of the screws and plates will be accurate, the practitioner may then confirm (--` ! 2 0 3 3 9 1 2 proper orientation of the screw holes in the bony tissuQ
radiographically.
Once confirming the orientation of the holes, the practitioner would then redrill the holes to full depth. once all of the holes are completed, the guide sleeves are Le~Ov~ from the orientation hole~ 24 a-c and 26 a-c of the guide 10. The standard tap is then successively placed through each of the orientaticn holes 24 a-c and 26 a-c to thread the screw holes to the prescribed depth. The conventional screws 5 a-c, depicted in Fig. 4, which are cpecially manufactured to the prescribed length are then successively in~erted through the orientation holes 24 a-c and installed to the prescribed depth. The same procedure would then be performed to install sLmilar screws using orientation hole 26 a-c. The guide 10 is then detached from the cpinal column by removing the cross pins.
Followed by the installation of a spacer, a lower nut is secured to each of the screws. The practitioner would then install the custom metal plate~ onto the lower nuts noting the left and right locations. Finally to complete the task, the practitioner would secure the plates with an upper nut on each of the screws implanted in the bony tissue of the spinal column.
Other embodLments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, 2ll339~2 with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
ObYiously, numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teaching~.
It i8 therefore to be understood that within the ~cope ~f the appended claims, the invention may be practised otherwise than as specifically described by the herein.
To begin the procedure, the practitioner clears the ~oft ti~sue from the landmark locations. The practitioner then detPrmines the spinous process, referred to as the proximal landmark, ad~acent to which the proyim~l positioning portion 28 and the proximal hollow portion 18 of the guide 10 are to be fixed. The next step would be to place the drill guide proximal contour positioning portion 28 over the preselected spinous process. The practitioner would then pre~s firmly on the 203~912 posterior surface 20 of the guide 10 o~er the spine to en~ure thatthe guide 10 rests properly at both the proxim~ n~m~rk, ad~acent t~e proximal contour positioning portion 28, and at a di~tal landmark, ad~acent the distal contour positioning portion 3~, substantially axially spaced from the proYi m~ 1 landmark along the spine. If the gu~de 10 appear~ unstable, then the practitioner would remo~e the guide 10, ~ova any Lmpe~im~nts, e.g., soft tis~ue interfering with placement of the guide 10, and replace the guide 10 to its proper position.
Confirming proper placement of the guide~10 using the proximal hollow portion 18 and holding the guide 10 &table on the cpine, the next step is to insert the proximal and di~tal cross pins in the positioning holes 21 a-b and 22 a-b to contact the patient tissue and to secure the guide 10.
Now that the guide is cecured in place, the practitioner would proceed by placing the guide sleeves in the orienting holes 24 a-c and 26 a-c matching each ~leeve to its correct location.
Using the viewing hollow portion 19 to view the patient tissue during the task, the practitioner would then proceed, using a proper drill bit to accommodate a stAn~rd 2mm Steinman pin, by inserting the bit successively into each guide sleeve and drilling a 1/3 of the full depth hole into the bone ad~acent to the orienting holes 24 a-c and 26 a-c. St~n~rd 2mm Steinman pins are then inserted through each of the guide slee~es into the holes in the bony tissue. To ensure that the final placement of the screws and plates will be accurate, the practitioner may then confirm (--` ! 2 0 3 3 9 1 2 proper orientation of the screw holes in the bony tissuQ
radiographically.
Once confirming the orientation of the holes, the practitioner would then redrill the holes to full depth. once all of the holes are completed, the guide sleeves are Le~Ov~ from the orientation hole~ 24 a-c and 26 a-c of the guide 10. The standard tap is then successively placed through each of the orientaticn holes 24 a-c and 26 a-c to thread the screw holes to the prescribed depth. The conventional screws 5 a-c, depicted in Fig. 4, which are cpecially manufactured to the prescribed length are then successively in~erted through the orientation holes 24 a-c and installed to the prescribed depth. The same procedure would then be performed to install sLmilar screws using orientation hole 26 a-c. The guide 10 is then detached from the cpinal column by removing the cross pins.
Followed by the installation of a spacer, a lower nut is secured to each of the screws. The practitioner would then install the custom metal plate~ onto the lower nuts noting the left and right locations. Finally to complete the task, the practitioner would secure the plates with an upper nut on each of the screws implanted in the bony tissue of the spinal column.
Other embodLments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, 2ll339~2 with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
ObYiously, numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teaching~.
It i8 therefore to be understood that within the ~cope ~f the appended claims, the invention may be practised otherwise than as specifically described by the herein.
Claims (34)
1. A guide for performing a medical task during a medical procedure, wherein an instrument must contact a patient tissue at an appropriate location, and wherein a reference point corresponding to a three-dimensional tissue geometry of the patient tissue, and corresponding to a surface of a landmark, is determined prior to performing the medical task, the guide comprising:
positioning means, having a predefined positioning surface, for positioning the guide to remain in a fixed location with respect to the landmark surface, wherein the positioning surface has a three-dimensional configuration corresponding to the reference point; and orienting means, fixedly connected to the positioning means, for guiding the instrument to contact the patient tissue at the appropriate location when the guide is in the fixed location.
positioning means, having a predefined positioning surface, for positioning the guide to remain in a fixed location with respect to the landmark surface, wherein the positioning surface has a three-dimensional configuration corresponding to the reference point; and orienting means, fixedly connected to the positioning means, for guiding the instrument to contact the patient tissue at the appropriate location when the guide is in the fixed location.
2. The guide of claim 1 wherein the positioning surface is placed adjacent to the landmark surface during the medical task.
3. The guide of claim 1 wherein the positioning surface further comprises a portion wherein the portion matches a plurality of points of the landmark surface.
4. The guide of claim 2 wherein the positioning surface further comprises a portion wherein the portion matches a plurality of points of the landmark surface.
5. The guide of any of claims 1-4 wherein the orienting means further comprising an orienting portion defining an orienting hole, for guiding the instrument to contact the patient tissue at the appropriate location when the instrument is inserted in the orienting hole.
6. The guide of any of claims 1-4 wherein the orienting means further comprises an orienting portion defining an orienting surface, for guiding the instrument to contact the patient tissue at the appropriate location when the instrument is placed adjacent to the orienting surface.
7. The guide of claim 1 further comprises securing means, connected to the positioning means, for attaching the positioning surface to the landmark surface.
8. The guide of claim 7 wherein the securing means includes a securing portion defining a securing hole.
9. The guide of claim 1 further comprises securing means, connected to the positioning means, for removably attaching the positioning surface to the landmark surface.
10. The guide of claim 9 wherein the securing means includes a securing portion defining a securing hole.
11. A guide for use with an instrument in performing a medical task during a medical procedure on a patient tissue, wherein the instrument must contact the patient tissue at an appropriate location, and wherein a reference point corresponding to a three-dimensional tissue geometry of the patient tissue, and corresponding to a surface of a patient tissue used as a landmark, is determined prior to performing the task, and wherein the guide is a monolithic structure, the monolithic structure comprising:
positioning means for positioning the guide to fit along the landmark surface, wherein the positioning means has a predefined positioning surface, and the positioning surface is placed adjacent to the landmark surface during the task, wherein the positioning surface has a three-dimensional configuration corresponding to the reference point; and orienting means, fixedly connected to the positioning means, for guiding the instrument to contact the patient tissue at the appropriate location when the positioning surface is placed adjacent to the landmark surface.
positioning means for positioning the guide to fit along the landmark surface, wherein the positioning means has a predefined positioning surface, and the positioning surface is placed adjacent to the landmark surface during the task, wherein the positioning surface has a three-dimensional configuration corresponding to the reference point; and orienting means, fixedly connected to the positioning means, for guiding the instrument to contact the patient tissue at the appropriate location when the positioning surface is placed adjacent to the landmark surface.
12. The monolithic structure of claim 11 wherein the orienting means further comprises an orienting portion defining an orienting opening, for guiding the instrument to contact the patient tissue at the appropriate location when the instrument is placed adjacent to the orienting opening.
13. The monolithic structure of claim 11 wherein the orienting means further comprises an orienting portion defining an orienting surface, for guiding the instrument to contact the patient tissue at the appropriate location when the instrument is placed adjacent to the orienting surface.
14. The monolithic structure of claim 11 wherein the instrument must contact a patient tissue at a plurality of appropriate locations, and wherein the orienting means further comprises an orienting portion defining a plurality of orienting openings, for guiding the instrument to contact the patient tissue at the appropriate locations when the instrument is placed adjacent to the plurality of orienting openings.
15. The monolithic structure of claim 11 further comprising securing means, connected to the positioning means, for attaching the positioning surface adjacent to the landmark surface.
16. The monolithic structure of claim 15 wherein the securing means includes a securing portion defining a plurality of securing holes, for guiding a securing device to contact the patient tissues when the securing device is inserted in the securing hole.
17. The monolithic structure of claim 11 further comprising securing means, connected to the positioning means for removably attaching the positioning surface to the landmark surface.
18. The monolithic structure of claim 17 wherein the securing means includes a securing portion defining a securing hole, for guiding a securing device to contact the patient tissue when the securing device is inserted in the securing hole.
19. The monolithic structure of claim 11 wherein a plurality of reference points, corresponding to the surface of the patient tissue used as a landmark, are determined prior to performing the task, and wherein the positioning means has the positioning surface which corresponds to the plurality of reference points.
20. The monolithic structure of claim 19 wherein the positioning surface provides a contour which matches a contour of the landmark surface.
21. The monolithic structure of claim 19 wherein the positioning surface corresponds to the plurality of reference points and wherein the positioning surface provides a contour which matches a contour of the landmark surface.
22. A guide, for performing a medical task during a medical procedure wherein an instrument must contact a patient tissue at an appropriate location, and wherein a reference point corresponding to a three-dimensional tissue geometry of the patient tissue, and corresponding to a subgroup of a plurality of reference points on a surface of a patient tissue to be used as landmark, is determined prior to performing the medical task, the guide comprising:
positioning means, having a predefined positioning surface, for positioning the guide to fit along the landmark, and the positioning surface is placed adjacent to the landmark during the task, wherein the positioning surface has a three-dimensional configuration corresponding to the subgroup of the plurality of reference points; and orienting means, fixedly connected to the positioning means, for guiding the instrument to contact the patient tissue at the appropriate location when the positioning surface is placed adjacent to the landmark.
positioning means, having a predefined positioning surface, for positioning the guide to fit along the landmark, and the positioning surface is placed adjacent to the landmark during the task, wherein the positioning surface has a three-dimensional configuration corresponding to the subgroup of the plurality of reference points; and orienting means, fixedly connected to the positioning means, for guiding the instrument to contact the patient tissue at the appropriate location when the positioning surface is placed adjacent to the landmark.
23. The guide of claim 22 wherein the positioning surface further comprises a contour portion, corresponding to a subgroup of the plurality of reference points, which matches the contour of a landmark.
24. The guide of claim 22 wherein the orienting means further comprises an orienting portion defining an orienting hole, wherein the instrument is inserted in the orienting hole and guided to contact the patient tissue at the appropriate location when the guide is in the fixed location.
25. The guide of claim 22 or 23 wherein the orienting means further comprises an orienting surface, for guiding the instrument to contact the patient tissue at the appropriate location when the instrument is placed adjacent to the orienting surface.
26. The guide of claim 22 further comprising a securing means, fixedly connected to the positioning means, for removable attachment of the positioning surface adjacent to the landmark.
27. The guide of claim 26 wherein the securing means includes a securing portion defining a plurality of securing holes.
28. The guide of claim 23 further comprising a securing means, fixedly connected to the positioning means, for removable attachment of the positioning surface adjacent to the landmark.
29. The guide of claim 28 wherein the securing means includes a securing portion defining a securing hole.
30. The method of manufacturing a guide out of a biocompatible material for performing a medical task during a medical procedure, wherein an instrument must contact a patient tissue at an appropriate location, and wherein a reference point, corresponding to a surface of a patient tissue to be used as a landmark, is determined prior to the medical task, the guide being characterized by having a positioning means, and an orienting means, the method comprising the steps of (a) collecting data regarding a patient tissue geometry including the reference point corresponding to the landmark surface, via a modality;
(b) collecting data concerning the medical procedure, the medical task to be performed and the instrument to be used during the task;
(c) fabricating the positioning means from the biocompatible material characterized by a positioning surface corresponding to the patient tissue geometry and to the data, for positioning the guide to remain in a fixed location with respect to the landmark surface; and (d) fabricating the orienting means from the biocompatible material, fixedly connected to the positioning means and corresponding to the data, for guiding the instrument to contact the patient tissue at the appropriate location when the guide is placed in the fixed location.
(b) collecting data concerning the medical procedure, the medical task to be performed and the instrument to be used during the task;
(c) fabricating the positioning means from the biocompatible material characterized by a positioning surface corresponding to the patient tissue geometry and to the data, for positioning the guide to remain in a fixed location with respect to the landmark surface; and (d) fabricating the orienting means from the biocompatible material, fixedly connected to the positioning means and corresponding to the data, for guiding the instrument to contact the patient tissue at the appropriate location when the guide is placed in the fixed location.
31. The method of claim 30 wherein the tissue geometry includes a plurality of reference points adjacent to the appropriate location.
32. The method of claim 30 wherein the modality includes an invasive means for collecting the patient tissue geometry.
33. The method of claim 30 wherein the modality includes a noninvasive means for collecting the patient tissue geometry.
34. The method of claim 30 wherein the positioning surface includes a contour which matches the contour of the landmark.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/476,951 US5098383A (en) | 1990-02-08 | 1990-02-08 | Device for orienting appliances, prostheses, and instrumentation in medical procedures and methods of making same |
| US476,951 | 1990-02-08 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2033912A1 CA2033912A1 (en) | 1991-08-09 |
| CA2033912C true CA2033912C (en) | 1994-11-01 |
Family
ID=23893905
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002033912A Expired - Fee Related CA2033912C (en) | 1990-02-08 | 1991-01-10 | Device for orienting appliances, prostheses, and instrumentation in medical procedures and methods for making same |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5098383A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0558789A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2033912C (en) |
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| US11090161B2 (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2021-08-17 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Surgical instrumentation assembly, set and surgical shoulder repair method |
| US10722310B2 (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2020-07-28 | Zimmer Biomet CMF and Thoracic, LLC | Virtual surgery planning system and method |
| US11576725B2 (en) | 2017-12-12 | 2023-02-14 | Orthosoft Ulc | Patient-specific instrumentation for implant revision surgery |
| WO2019125699A1 (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2019-06-27 | Tact Ip, Llc | Auto-injector devices to facilitate perispinal delivery of biologics and drugs |
| US11051829B2 (en) | 2018-06-26 | 2021-07-06 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Customized patient-specific orthopaedic surgical instrument |
| EP4188279A1 (en) | 2020-07-27 | 2023-06-07 | Jonathan T. Deland | Achilles tendon repair device |
| US11666361B1 (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2023-06-06 | Rambam Medtech Ltd. | Device and method for phalanx fracture reduction |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3542022A (en) * | 1968-02-28 | 1970-11-24 | Richard W Bartnik | Template guide for medication injection into gluteus medius muscle area |
| US3941127A (en) * | 1974-10-03 | 1976-03-02 | Froning Edward C | Apparatus and method for stereotaxic lateral extradural disc puncture |
| US4360028A (en) * | 1980-01-14 | 1982-11-23 | Barbier Jean Y | Cranial insertion of surgical needle utilizing computer-assisted tomography |
| US4427005A (en) * | 1982-03-04 | 1984-01-24 | Tener William S | Apparatus and method for treating breast tumors |
| US4436684A (en) * | 1982-06-03 | 1984-03-13 | Contour Med Partners, Ltd. | Method of forming implantable prostheses for reconstructive surgery |
| US4497325A (en) * | 1982-07-15 | 1985-02-05 | Wedel Victor J | Ultrasound needle, biopsy instrument or catheter guide |
| US4667679A (en) * | 1982-08-12 | 1987-05-26 | Harvinder Sahota | Apparatus and method for positioning and puncturing an artery and a vein |
| US4580561A (en) * | 1984-05-04 | 1986-04-08 | Williamson Theodore J | Interstitial implant system |
| US4638799A (en) * | 1985-06-13 | 1987-01-27 | Moore Robert R | Needle guide apparatus for discolysis procedures |
| SE458417B (en) * | 1985-08-15 | 1989-04-03 | Sven Olerud | FIXING INSTRUMENTS PROVIDED FOR USE IN SPINE OPERATIONS |
| US4723544A (en) * | 1986-07-09 | 1988-02-09 | Moore Robert R | Hemispherical vectoring needle guide for discolysis |
| US4798212A (en) * | 1986-11-17 | 1989-01-17 | Thomas Arana | Biopsy paddle with adjustable locator plate |
| US4883053A (en) * | 1987-09-18 | 1989-11-28 | Beth Israel Hospital | Self-supporting angulator device for precise percutaneous insertion of a needle or other object |
| US5098383A (en) * | 1990-02-08 | 1992-03-24 | Artifax Ltd. | Device for orienting appliances, prostheses, and instrumentation in medical procedures and methods of making same |
-
1990
- 1990-02-08 US US07/476,951 patent/US5098383A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-01-10 CA CA002033912A patent/CA2033912C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-03-06 EP EP92103864A patent/EP0558789A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2033912A1 (en) | 1991-08-09 |
| EP0558789A1 (en) | 1993-09-08 |
| US5098383A (en) | 1992-03-24 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |