CA2040661A1 - Fiber optic detector - Google Patents
Fiber optic detectorInfo
- Publication number
- CA2040661A1 CA2040661A1 CA2040661A CA2040661A CA2040661A1 CA 2040661 A1 CA2040661 A1 CA 2040661A1 CA 2040661 A CA2040661 A CA 2040661A CA 2040661 A CA2040661 A CA 2040661A CA 2040661 A1 CA2040661 A1 CA 2040661A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fiber optic
- fluorescently
- optic detector
- tagged antigen
- detector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/7703—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator using reagent-clad optical fibres or optical waveguides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N21/648—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters using evanescent coupling or surface plasmon coupling for the excitation of fluorescence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
- G01N33/54373—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing involving physiochemical end-point determination, e.g. wave-guides, FETS, gratings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/94—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving narcotics or drugs or pharmaceuticals, neurotransmitters or associated receptors
- G01N33/946—CNS-stimulants, e.g. cocaine, amphetamines
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/94—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving narcotics or drugs or pharmaceuticals, neurotransmitters or associated receptors
- G01N33/9486—Analgesics, e.g. opiates, aspirine
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
- G01N2021/6434—Optrodes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/7703—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator using reagent-clad optical fibres or optical waveguides
- G01N2021/7706—Reagent provision
- G01N2021/7736—Reagent provision exposed, cladding free
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N2021/7769—Measurement method of reaction-produced change in sensor
- G01N2021/7786—Fluorescence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/02—Mechanical
- G01N2201/022—Casings
- G01N2201/0221—Portable; cableless; compact; hand-held
Abstract
A portable fiber optic detector that senses the presence of specific target chemicals by exchanging the target chemical for a fluorescently-tagged antigen that is bound to an antibody which is in turn attached to an optical fiber.
Replacing the fluorescently-tagged antigen reduces the fluorescence so that a photon sensing detector records the reduced light level and activates an appropriate alarm or indicator.
Replacing the fluorescently-tagged antigen reduces the fluorescence so that a photon sensing detector records the reduced light level and activates an appropriate alarm or indicator.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US516,590 | 1990-04-30 | ||
US07/516,590 US5082630A (en) | 1990-04-30 | 1990-04-30 | Fiber optic detector for immuno-testing |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2040661A1 true CA2040661A1 (en) | 1991-10-31 |
CA2040661C CA2040661C (en) | 1995-12-05 |
Family
ID=24056255
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002040661A Expired - Fee Related CA2040661C (en) | 1990-04-30 | 1991-04-17 | Fiber optic detector |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5082630A (en) |
JP (1) | JPH04230856A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2040661C (en) |
DE (1) | DE4114159A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2661502B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2243683B (en) |
Families Citing this family (60)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5431880A (en) * | 1987-07-06 | 1995-07-11 | Kramer; Donald L. | Light transmittance type analytical system and variable transmittance optical component and test device for use therein |
US5512492A (en) * | 1993-05-18 | 1996-04-30 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Waveguide immunosensor with coating chemistry providing enhanced sensitivity |
DE4343842C1 (en) * | 1993-12-22 | 1995-02-23 | Draegerwerk Ag | Reaction vessel for immunological analysis of aerosols |
DE9417289U1 (en) * | 1994-10-27 | 1995-01-26 | Meinke Peter Prof Dr Ing | Detector device, detector system and immunosensor for detecting fires |
DE4439433A1 (en) * | 1994-11-04 | 1996-05-09 | Draegerwerk Ag | Analysis of air pollutant present in both aerosol and gaseous form |
AT403961B (en) * | 1995-03-17 | 1998-07-27 | Avl Verbrennungskraft Messtech | OPTOCHEMICAL MEASURING SYSTEM WITH A FLUORESCENCE SENSOR |
US5690894A (en) * | 1995-05-23 | 1997-11-25 | The Regents Of The University Of California | High density array fabrication and readout method for a fiber optic biosensor |
US5837196A (en) * | 1996-01-26 | 1998-11-17 | The Regents Of The University Of California | High density array fabrication and readout method for a fiber optic biosensor |
US6103535A (en) | 1996-05-31 | 2000-08-15 | University Of Maryland | Optical fiber evanescent field excited fluorosensor and method of manufacture |
US5780251A (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1998-07-14 | Fci Fiberchem, Inc. | Ultrasensitive single-step, solid-state competitive immunoassay sensor with interference modifier and/or gel layer |
US5891658A (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1999-04-06 | FCI--FiberChem, Inc. | Single-step, solid-state competitive immunoassay |
US20020009812A1 (en) * | 1996-12-05 | 2002-01-24 | Norio Miura | Apparatus for measuring a medical substance; a sensor for use in the apparatus and a sensing element for use in the sensor |
GB9726888D0 (en) * | 1997-12-20 | 1998-02-18 | Eev Ltd | Detection |
US6289229B1 (en) | 1998-01-20 | 2001-09-11 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Readable probe array for in vivo use |
CN1292087A (en) * | 1998-02-02 | 2001-04-18 | 西格雷特生物科学有限公司 | Method and apparatus for detecting molecular binding events |
US6395480B1 (en) | 1999-02-01 | 2002-05-28 | Signature Bioscience, Inc. | Computer program and database structure for detecting molecular binding events |
US6338968B1 (en) * | 1998-02-02 | 2002-01-15 | Signature Bioscience, Inc. | Method and apparatus for detecting molecular binding events |
US6485905B2 (en) * | 1998-02-02 | 2002-11-26 | Signature Bioscience, Inc. | Bio-assay device |
US6326213B1 (en) * | 1998-02-09 | 2001-12-04 | The Boards Of Govenors For Higher Education, State Of Rhode Island And Providence Plantations | Acoustic standing-wave enhancement of a fiber-optic Salmonella biosensor |
US6251688B1 (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 2001-06-26 | Ia, Inc. | Method and apparatus for measurement of binding between a protein and a nucleotide |
US6300082B1 (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 2001-10-09 | Ia, Inc. | Method and apparatus for measurement of the effect of test compounds on signal transduction at the level of biological receptors |
DE19816487A1 (en) * | 1998-04-14 | 1999-10-21 | Bodenseewerk Perkin Elmer Co | Device for detecting a fluorescent dye |
US9119705B2 (en) * | 1998-06-08 | 2015-09-01 | Thermotek, Inc. | Method and system for thermal and compression therapy relative to the prevention of deep vein thrombosis |
US6838292B1 (en) * | 1999-04-19 | 2005-01-04 | Alion Science And Technology Corporation | Detection of biological warfare agents |
US6514277B1 (en) | 1999-06-11 | 2003-02-04 | Photonics Research Ontario | Fiber optic multitasking probe |
US7167615B1 (en) | 1999-11-05 | 2007-01-23 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Resonant waveguide-grating filters and sensors and methods for making and using same |
US20050037374A1 (en) * | 1999-11-08 | 2005-02-17 | Melker Richard J. | Combined nanotechnology and sensor technologies for simultaneous diagnosis and treatment |
WO2001034024A1 (en) | 1999-11-08 | 2001-05-17 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Marker detection method and apparatus to monitor drug compliance |
US20050233459A1 (en) * | 2003-11-26 | 2005-10-20 | Melker Richard J | Marker detection method and apparatus to monitor drug compliance |
DE10053394C2 (en) * | 2000-02-28 | 2003-03-20 | Variom Biotechnology Ag | Component with a plurality of fiber elements and sample molecules immobilized on the fiber elements |
ES2165320B1 (en) * | 2000-05-03 | 2003-06-16 | Dentaid S L | OPTICAL DEVICE FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF VOLATILE SUGAR COMPOUNDS (CVS) THROUGH ABSORPTION / REFLECTANCE MEASURES. |
US6558626B1 (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2003-05-06 | Nomadics, Inc. | Vapor sensing instrument for ultra trace chemical detection |
US20050054942A1 (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2005-03-10 | Melker Richard J. | System and method for therapeutic drug monitoring |
US6981947B2 (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2006-01-03 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Method and apparatus for monitoring respiratory gases during anesthesia |
US7104963B2 (en) | 2002-01-22 | 2006-09-12 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Method and apparatus for monitoring intravenous (IV) drug concentration using exhaled breath |
US7157047B2 (en) * | 2001-02-09 | 2007-01-02 | Pss Bio Instruments, Inc. | Device for containing, reacting and measuring, and method of containing, reacting and measuring |
US7052854B2 (en) * | 2001-05-23 | 2006-05-30 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Application of nanotechnology and sensor technologies for ex-vivo diagnostics |
WO2002095359A2 (en) * | 2001-05-23 | 2002-11-28 | University Of Florida | Method and apparatus for detecting illicit substances |
EP1393069A1 (en) * | 2001-05-24 | 2004-03-03 | The University Of Florida | Method and apparatus for detecting environmental smoke exposure |
US7052512B2 (en) * | 2001-07-18 | 2006-05-30 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Fluorescent dyed lubricant for medical devices |
US20070167853A1 (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2007-07-19 | Melker Richard J | System and method for monitoring health using exhaled breath |
US20060160134A1 (en) * | 2002-10-21 | 2006-07-20 | Melker Richard J | Novel application of biosensors for diagnosis and treatment of disease |
US20120077206A1 (en) | 2003-07-12 | 2012-03-29 | Accelr8 Technology Corporation | Rapid Microbial Detection and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing |
US7341841B2 (en) * | 2003-07-12 | 2008-03-11 | Accelr8 Technology Corporation | Rapid microbial detection and antimicrobial susceptibility testing |
CA2956645A1 (en) | 2003-07-12 | 2005-03-31 | David A. Goldberg | Sensitive and rapid biodetection |
US20050282182A1 (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-12-22 | Universal Bio Research Co., Ltd. | Reaction vessel and reaction apparatus comprising three-dimensional particle array |
US20050191757A1 (en) * | 2004-01-20 | 2005-09-01 | Melker Richard J. | Method and apparatus for detecting humans and human remains |
US20060062734A1 (en) * | 2004-09-20 | 2006-03-23 | Melker Richard J | Methods and systems for preventing diversion of prescription drugs |
US20060257883A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-11-16 | Bjoraker David G | Detection and measurement of hematological parameters characterizing cellular blood components |
US20070196863A1 (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-23 | Hanson Technologies, Inc. | Prion protein detection |
US7914460B2 (en) * | 2006-08-15 | 2011-03-29 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Condensate glucose analyzer |
US8280471B2 (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2012-10-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Fiber optic based detection of autofluorescent bacterial pathogens |
WO2012122314A2 (en) | 2011-03-07 | 2012-09-13 | Accelr8 Technology Corporation | Rapid cell purification systems |
US10254204B2 (en) | 2011-03-07 | 2019-04-09 | Accelerate Diagnostics, Inc. | Membrane-assisted purification |
US9677109B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-06-13 | Accelerate Diagnostics, Inc. | Rapid determination of microbial growth and antimicrobial susceptibility |
US10253355B2 (en) | 2015-03-30 | 2019-04-09 | Accelerate Diagnostics, Inc. | Instrument and system for rapid microorganism identification and antimicrobial agent susceptibility testing |
US10023895B2 (en) | 2015-03-30 | 2018-07-17 | Accelerate Diagnostics, Inc. | Instrument and system for rapid microogranism identification and antimicrobial agent susceptibility testing |
CN110632329A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2019-12-31 | 东北师范大学 | Portable pencil type immunosensor and application thereof |
CN113702344A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-26 | 北京协同创新研究院 | Method for rapidly detecting imidacloprid in water |
CN116519673B (en) * | 2023-07-04 | 2024-03-26 | 科美诊断技术股份有限公司 | Light excitation chemiluminescence detection device, method and light excitation chemiluminescence detector |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2508637C3 (en) * | 1975-02-28 | 1979-11-22 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Wissenschaften E.V., 3400 Goettingen | Arrangement for the optical measurement of blood gases |
US3998591A (en) * | 1975-09-26 | 1976-12-21 | Leeds & Northrup Company | Spectrochemical analyzer using surface-bound color reagents |
US4050895A (en) * | 1975-09-26 | 1977-09-27 | Monsanto Research Corporation | Optical analytical device, waveguide and method |
GB1604693A (en) * | 1978-02-16 | 1981-12-16 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Optical detection of vapours |
US4236893A (en) * | 1979-04-09 | 1980-12-02 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method for the assay of classes of antigen-specific antibodies |
US4353886A (en) * | 1980-05-05 | 1982-10-12 | Irt Corporation | Method for detecting organic vapors |
US4434236A (en) * | 1982-10-20 | 1984-02-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. | Immunoassay wherein labeled antibody is displaced from immobilized analyte-analogue |
US4558014A (en) * | 1983-06-13 | 1985-12-10 | Myron J. Block | Assay apparatus and methods |
US4651010A (en) * | 1984-06-04 | 1987-03-17 | Laser Science, Inc. | Method and apparatus for fluorescent sensing |
-
1990
- 1990-04-30 US US07/516,590 patent/US5082630A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-04-17 CA CA002040661A patent/CA2040661C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-04-17 GB GB9108256A patent/GB2243683B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-04-26 JP JP3096878A patent/JPH04230856A/en active Pending
- 1991-04-29 FR FR9105258A patent/FR2661502B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-04-30 DE DE4114159A patent/DE4114159A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH04230856A (en) | 1992-08-19 |
FR2661502B1 (en) | 1994-04-29 |
CA2040661C (en) | 1995-12-05 |
US5082630A (en) | 1992-01-21 |
GB2243683B (en) | 1993-08-18 |
GB2243683A (en) | 1991-11-06 |
DE4114159A1 (en) | 1991-10-31 |
GB9108256D0 (en) | 1991-06-05 |
FR2661502A1 (en) | 1991-10-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2040661A1 (en) | Fiber optic detector | |
US5132530A (en) | Light detector based on fluorescent dyes | |
DK0606460T3 (en) | Sample Determination System | |
ES2151559T3 (en) | DEVICE AND OPTICAL MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE. | |
EP0330568A3 (en) | Fiber optic sensor for detecting chemical changes in materials | |
CA2072998A1 (en) | Optical immunoassay | |
ATE394662T1 (en) | OPTICALLY BASED SENSOR DEVICES | |
JPS6235246A (en) | Extinction-light-emitting opto-load | |
ATE54206T1 (en) | FIBEROPTIC SENSOR. | |
GB2261507A (en) | Distributed fiber optic sensor using clad material light backscattering | |
CA2121152A1 (en) | Chemically Sensitive Fiber Optic Cable | |
FR2535058B1 (en) | DEVICE FOR DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF AGGLUTINATES | |
DK0981734T3 (en) | Fluorescence sensor device | |
NO930649D0 (en) | Target component measurements | |
FR2726080B1 (en) | OPTOELECTRONIC SENSOR FOR MEASURING THE INTENSITY AND THE DIRECTION OF INCIDENCE OF A LIGHT BEAM | |
SE9403908L (en) | Device for detecting fluorescence | |
FR2674254B1 (en) | NON-RADIOACTIVE DETECTION OF THE PRESENCE OF A DETERMINED NUCLEIC ACID IN A BIOLOGICAL SAMPLE. | |
JPS6491037A (en) | Cell for fluorometric analysis | |
JPS57127804A (en) | Device for measuring coordinate of hollow shape | |
PARTIN et al. | Fiber optic detector(Patent Application) | |
DE59913486D1 (en) | Optical system | |
EP1058099A3 (en) | Fluid detector | |
Draxler et al. | Fluorescence-lifetime-based sensors using inhomogeneous waveguiding | |
Love | Fiber optic evanescent sensor for fluoroimmunoassay | |
JPS54121787A (en) | Photo detector |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
EEER | Examination request | ||
MKLA | Lapsed |