CA2051666A1 - Remote confinement system - Google Patents

Abstract

2051666 9013197 PCTABS00002 A remote confinement system provides a plurality of different unsupervised tests to determine the presence, identity or conduct of the prisoner. The tests preferably include an RF test performed continuously with an RF transmitter attached to the prisoner and a receiver (A4) at a remote confinement location, schedulable voice and breath tests performed to identify a person as the specified prisoner, and to determine the prisoner's sobriety. Equipment (20) at the remote location performs the tests in accordance with selection and scheduling information received in a prior automated communication with a central office host computer and stored in a memory (48) at the remote location. With the information, the host also sends an identification code of the transmitter attached to the specified prisoner. The remote unit (20) establishes communications, preferably, by dialing the central office over a telephone line (23). The RF test detects when the prisoner enters or leaves the remote location, and results in a warning being sounded if the signal from the transmitter is lost and delays transmission of the message to allow the prisoner to return following his departure.

Description

W~90/]3197 ~ 6 ~ ~ PCT/U~90/02297 ~, , :
,,,,, I , REMOTE CONFINEMENT SYSTEM
This application is a continua~ion-in-part o~ U.S. patent application Serial No. 041,698, filed April 21, 1987 and entitled "Remote Confinement System" which is hereby expressly incorporated in its entirety herein by reference.
Field of the Invention The pre~ent inven~ion rela~e~ to r~motc con~inement i~y~t~ms, and more particul~rly, to ~yi~tcms for monitoring ~vent~ de~gned ~o ~ommunicate to a central processing center information relating to the presence identlty and conduct of the confined person assigned to the remote location. , Bac~qround of the Invention The concept of remote confinement, often ` ~ -referred to as home arrest, is an alternative to institutional incarceration of prisoners and an aid to probation. It has developed in recent years to relieve the overcrowding of jails and to provide a more preferred method of punishment and rehabilitation w~ 90"3lg7 2 ~ ~ PCTtUS90/02297 ~ 2-for ~hose convicted of criminal offenses of a non-violen~ or le3ser type.
The background o~ the remote confinement concep~ is generally supported in.the above incor-porated parent application Serial No. 041,69~.
Remote confinement systems have as one of their primary goals the monitoring of the presence of an assigned prisoner at his home or such remote location to which he is assigned for confinement. The purpose of the monitoring is to insure, by information reported to a central of~ice, that the assigned prisoner has remained or is con~ined in accordance with the t~rm~ o~ his home arrest sonten~e. Two general ca~e~orie~ o~ pres~n~e m~ni~oring havo be~n proposed. Continuou~ monitoring has been propo~d ~n order to dat~rmine ~ny departure of the prisoner ~ro~
the remote con~inement location. SUch sys~ems employ remote monitorin~ units which detect prisoner depar-tures from the remo~e location and then to communicate information to a central office to notify a super-vising entity of violations. Such continuous monl-toring is usually provided by the attachment to the assigned prisoner of a transmitter which generates a~
shortly spaced intervals a signal to a home receiver unit permanently installed at the place o~ remote confinement, such as at the prisoner's home, to veri~, that the transmitter is in proximity to the home.

SVBSrlTUTE SHEET

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W090/13~97 ~ b b ~ PCT/US~0/02297 Such devices provide an advantage in that ~he signals will be generated from the transmitter less dependent on the willingness or ability of the prisoner to cooperate, and accordingly, the presence of the pxisoner can with such devices be monitored throughout the day and night and whether the prisoner is awake or asleep.
Scheduled testing of the presence o~ a prisoner at the remote location is, however, more practical where tests are employed requiring in part the cooperation of the prisoner. Such concepts may include prisoner identification by the delivery of a voice sample at the remote 10cation. They may also include prisoner testing by provlding the per~orman~
o~ a tei~t upon or by ~he prii~oner. In ho~o con~inc~ ,, ment syst~ms usad in combination with behaviora~
testing such as breath alcohol tssting as described in accordance with the teachings of parent application Serial No. 041,698, the voice identity test, per~ormed in combination, will provide a highly reliable method of verifying the identity of the person delivering a .
breath sample. As a mere indication of the presence of the prisoner at the remote locatio~, voice tests or other scheduled tests requiring the cooperation of the ; :
prisoner are less suited for use during periods when - .
the prisoner is asleep. i ... .j .,, . .. ~... .. . - .... . . ....... , ..... ,. . .. . ., , . . ., ji ' . ! ' , ; . ' ; 1, 1319 2 ~ 6 6 PCT/US90tO2297 Furth~more, neither type o~ system, either the continuous or the s~heduled testing type, provide constraint upon the prisonar which is ad~quate or appropriate in many cases. Accordingly, t~ere exists a need to provide for alternative typ~s of prisoner monitoring without unduly restricting the flexibility or co~promising the economy of the system.
Furthermore, the use of RF transmitters physically attached to the prisoner has in the prior art required replacement of the transmitters or the assignment of transmitters after the home unit has been installed in the prisoner's home. As a result, provision has b~en made for veri~ying khe identity Or the specific tran3mitter by codo raading m~ans included in th~ home unit. Such means have, however, required a ser~ice call to the home unit to match the code af the unit wlth a number of the new transmitter.
Since that number is usually unknown, and different than a number known, at the time of the home unit's installation. Accordingly, if ~he system were to require that ~he home uni~ validate the transmission before initiating a call to the central office, a service call is required to set the receiver to : : :
recognize the transmi~ter code. Otherwise, every Z5 transmitter signal would have to be transmitted to the central office for identification o~ the transmitter.
This would burden the central unit o~ ~he system. The SUE~STIT~JTE SHEET.

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W09~/131~7 ~ 6 PC~`/US90/02~97 .~ -5-need for such service calls from a probation office to the confinement location, as well as the repeated transmission o~ information to the central office, unnecessarily add to the cost of operation of the home confinement system.
The provision of home units which are capable o~ monitoring eventa associatad with the monltoring and testing o~ the prisoner have required the use o~ home unlts particularly equipped for specific types of monitoring. In situations, howevert :~
- where the particular terms of confinement of a specif-ic prisoner are di~ferent from those of other prison-ers on the same confinemont sy6tem, the n~ed to supervis~ mul~iple ind~vidual home units which porform only c~rtain tes~s approprlate ~or the p~rticul~
prisoner have been re~uir~d. This also involves the need for service calls to the home unit, ar to the ~;
setting of the home unit before installation so that it will respond to only the test appropriate for the particular prisoner. However, where it becomes :
necessary to alter the test after the home unit is :
installed, or to change the nature or scheduling of .`~
th~ tests throughout the day such units of the prior art have lacked flexibility. Accordingly, there is a - need to improve the flexibility of remote confinement systems.

~ ~ ~ 0~3~ -6- PCT/US90/02297 In home confinement systams o~ t.h~ prior art, information has been communicated b~tween the remote location and the central location. Each of these communications occupie~ a certain amount of time. Such communicatisns o~ ~he prior art have included reporting of various events which may or may not contain information concerning the prosence of the prisoner or his conduct. The reporting o~ the events has in the prior art included transmissions of signals which falsely report the presence or bsence of a prisoner or the presence or absence of a proper response or result from a test. Furthermore, the reporting of information from the home unit to the central of~ice consumes onlinQ time which expands the co~t ef cQnt~l o~ice equ$pmen~ neccssary to s~rvico a particular numb~r o~ prl~oners. Accordingly, there is a need to relieve the demand per confined prisoner on the central unit and to thereby increase the capacity of remote confinement systems to service more prisoners.
Summary of the Invention It has been a general objective of the -;
present invention to provide a remote confinement system which may flexibly accommodate the need to provide tests for presence~ identity, and behavior of a prisoner at a remote confinement location. It has been a more particularly objective o~ the present . . . .: .. ,: . . . :~ ... . . . .

WO 91)/1:~197 ~ ~ 516 ~ Cr/US9l~ 22~\7 , r; ~`~ ~ 7 ~
invention to provida such a remote con~inam~nt syst~m in which continuous and pro~ra~med contact with the prisoner may be effectively used in combination in an ~ ~`
automated manner.
It has been a particular objective of the present invention to provide for configuration of the units at the home arrest locations ~orm the central o~fice and to reduce the number o~ service calls to a minimum. It has been a ~urther objective o~ the present invention to provide such a remote confinement - system which further conserves the amount of online time o~ the central uni~, reduces the time of the ccntral unit personnel to a minimum and increases the number o rsmote units which may be servic~d by a pa~ticular central processing center o~ a home arrost system.
With RF monitoring systems of the prior art, it has been foun~ that such transmitters may ~ail to generate a signal of suf~icient strength for commu- i nicating or being received by the home monitoring unit even when the prisoner is within proximity of the remote loca~ion. This is because the r~diation patterns of the transmitter and the receiving patterns of the antenna may not be uniform in the vicinity of the remote location or because the transmitter may enter an area where its signals are shielded. It has been found that conductive objects or structure may , , .. . .. . ,.. ,: .. . . .... . . . . . . . . .
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WO90/13197 ~ ~j 16 5 ~ ~ PCr/US90/02297 shield the signal from the tran~itter resulting in a failed communication to the home monitoring unit.
This results in a false indication detected by the receiving unit that the prisoner has departed from the location. In addition, the immersion of the transmit-ter in water such as a bathtub or swimming pool will usually int~rfere with the transmission of signals su~ficiently strong ~or detection. What is worse, the prisoner may not be aware that the signal has been lost and thus may fail to correct the problem before a false departure signal is sent to the host or central unit.
In the prior art, an unduly larg~ number o~
false signals are generated in thi~ ~ann~r. Whera the ganeration of such signal~ constitutes ~ report~bl~
event involving a communication to the central unit, unduly large amounts o~ information are communicated to the central unit and the on~ine time of the central unit is unnecessarily preoccupied with the receipt of signals which may indicate only temporary loss of RF
com~unication from the prisoner t~ the recei-rer at the remote confinement location.
It is a ~urther objective of the present invention to provide greater protection from circum~
vention by the prisoner o~ the presence identity and testing requirements of the system.

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W~90/13197 ~ U ~ PCT/US90/02297 _g_ According to the principles of the present invention, there is provided a remote confinement sy~tem capable of acco~modating a plurality of tests for monitoring events at the remote location and for determining ~he presence, identity or conduct o~ the prisoner in a combination selected, timed or scheduled from the central unit. More particularly, thexe is provided a method and apparatus ~or communicating in~ormation between the c~ntral unit and the home arrest location in a manner which will enable a - selection from the central unit of the times and types of the various tests. Specifically, the system is provided with a home monitoring unit which receives from a central or host unit the type and time o~ the nRxt t~ist.
In accordanc~ wi~11 th~ principles o~ the present invention, there is provided in the preferred and illustrated embodiment, a home arrest system in which a transmitter is attached to a specified prison-er to transmit signals at frequent intervals and to thereby provide for continuous determination of the presence of the prisoner at the remote location. The system of the preferred embodiment is provided with a ,.~
unit at the remote location which receives transmitted sig~als from a transmitter attached to the prisoner, and includeis a breath alcohol tester for performing a breath alcohol test on the prisoner in combination : ~ . . . , - : :
... .. : . : ., , ~ , , WO ~ 19~ 3 PCr/US90/02297 -10- ~
with a voice t~st to check the identity of the person delivering the breath sample ~or confirming that the person per~orming the breath t~st is in fact the specified prisoner. The preferred embodimen~ of the s system ~urther provides an ability to communicate at predetermined tim~s with the cen~ral office and to selectively connect to a telephone line in order to receive phone calls from the central o~ice. The performance of the various even~s is determined and remotely programmed by signals from the central - office.
In accordance with other principles of the present invention, a home monitoring unit provided at the remote Location having a procesi~or for automat-ically monitoring c~rtai~ conditioni~ a~ tha r~mot~
location suah as the pr~senae and absence oP the prisoner, the performance of a breath test or the per~ormance of a voice test, the confirmation of the identity of the person delivering the voice test, and . : ~.
the storing of the results of the various events at ~ ;
the remote location. The system is further provided with me~ns for asslgning a priority to and initiating : calls from the remote location to the central unit in -~
accordance with a priority system retained at the :
; ~ 25 remote location which is updated and changed at the :: ~
time of each communication to the central o~ice by a .

W~l 90/131~7 2 ~ ~ ~ 6 ~ ~ pcr/us9o/o~297 1~
r' "
central office reply me6sage containing instructions !~
~or future tests and events.
In accordance with further principles of the present invention, the home monitoring unit of the ':~ :
remote con~inement system receives from the central unit, at the time of each communication from the remote location to the central unit, information relatiny to the identity of the transmitter attached to the person assigned to the remote location. ~:
According to such feature, when a change in the transmitter assigned to a prisoner is made, the home monitoring unit will be informed of a change in the ID
code of the transmitter without the por~ormance o~ a service call.
In accordance with ~ur~her prin~iple~ o~ the present inven~ion, thare i5 provided in the home monitoring unit of the remote confinement system at the remote ~ocation the capability of signalling to the prisoner whenever the transmitter connected to the prisoner ceases to generate a signal which is received by the home monitoring unit. The signal provides the .
prisoner with sufficient time to mova the transmitter : within range so as to avoid the transmission of a ~:
false departure signal to the central of~ice. In the ;: 25 preferred embodiment of the present invention, the home monitorin~ unit is provided with a means for signal}ing the prisoner whenever a signal ~rom his ' .. , ' . , . . . . ;,: :' ' .:, .: '.,, , .. ' " , ', !: - , , , :, , ' , , . :. , . ~ : . ,, W090/131~7 ~ 6 ~ PCT/US9OtO2297 -12- ~
transmitter 15 not received and providing the prisoner with su~icient time to come back into range or to unshield his transmitter should that be the cause of the loss of signal rather than a true departure from the remote location.
The present .invention provides the advan-tages of reducing the need for personal service calls to the home unit by probation of~icers to check on falsely reported events or in order to program or set the parameters of the home unit to perform various tests or to accept substitutions of the transmitter or other equipment. The present invention provides the advantage o requiring a prisoner to report to the probation o~ice ~or thc as~ignment o~ tran~mitt~r equipment while allowiny th~ operator~ o~ th~ systcm the ability to proparly program the home monitoring unit in order to recognize the identity of the partic-ular transmitter. The present invention further provides the advantages of substantially reducing the online time of the central unit monitoring equipment by reducing the number of reports of departure by the prisoner when in fact the departure signals are due to inadvertent or temporary loss of signal from the transmitter, and not from true departures of the prisoner from the remote location.
The present invention further provides the advantages of program changeability remotely ~rom the WO90/13197 ~ PCTIUS90/02297 central unit and to schedule or reschedule reportable events or to change the times and nature of the tects to be performed at the hom~ unit. This is a particu-lar advantage in that the operators at the central S unit may, in response to inormatlon recelved from a particular remote location, elect to schedule a `.
di~ferent subsequent test or the timing of future tests in rQsponse to reported information. ~ollow-up tests to better veri~y and understand the nature of the test information being reported reqarding the behavior of the prisoner at the remote location can thus be performed.
These and other objectives and advantages of the prei~ent invQn~ion will ~e mor~ readily apparent from th~ descrip~ions incorporated herein ~nd iset forth in the parent application, and the following detailed description of the drawings in which:
Brie~ Description of the Drawin~s Fig. 1 is a block diagram illus~rating a remote confinement system according to the principles ;
of the present in~ention~
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of an RF transmit-ter oi the anklet type connectable to a prisoner assiqned to a particular remote location of the system ; 2~s ~of Flg. 1;
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a home moni-toring unit of a remo~e confinement system of Fig~

2 ~ ~ ~ 6 i~ ~ PC~/US~0/022~7 -14- ~J
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a central or host unit of a remote con~inement system of Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of the one second interrupt loop of the microproc~ssor associated with the home monitoring unit o~ Fig. 3;
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of the programming of the microprocessor of tho home monitoring unit of Fig.

3 and illustrating the program operation of the interrupt driven host calling routine;
Fig. 7 is a flowchart of the start up - routine of the microprocessor of the home monitoring unit of Fig. 3; ;
Fig. ~ is a ~lowchart o~ ~ho radio frequency checking routine o~ the microp~ocQssor o~ the home monitor~ny u~it o~ Fig. 3;
Fig. g i~ a flowchart of the scheduled test perfot~ing and initiating routine of the home moni-toring unit of Fig. 3;
Fig. 9A is a flowchart of the voice test routine called in Fig. 9;
Flg. 9B is a flowchart of the alcohol test ;;
routine called in Fig. 9: and Fig. 9C is a flowchart of the portion of the : ` voice :test operation performed by the voice test `~
routine called in the test procedure referred to in Fig. 9-: . ' . : . ': ' ''' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ~ . ' '' ' ' .: " ' :''1' ':"' .': ~ ' ' ' ' ' .

W O 90/13197 2 ~ 3 ~ 6 ~ ~ P ~ /US90/02297 ,r,~

Detailed Descri~tion of the Drawin~s ~;
Referriny to Fig. 1, a pre~rred embodimen~ ~
of the remote confin~ment systam 10 according to ~ `
principles of the present invention is diagrammatical-ly illustrated. The system 10 includes a remote confinement location 11, and a central office 12 from which the presence, identity and conduct of a prisoner 13 at the remote location 11 are monitored remotely through a communications link 14. The remote location 11 is usually the home of a prisoner 13, to which a particular prisoner is ordered confined for the service of a sentence in lieu o~ service at a penal institution.
As is further d~scri~ed in parcnk applica-tion Serial No. 041,~ ncorparated h~rein b~ re~er-ence, the remote confinement location 11 i5 one of a plurality o remote confinement locations at which various specified prisoners are assigned for confine-ment. The system 10 also includes the central office location 12 which is capable of bei~g selectively connected through a communications link 14 to any one or more of the plurality of remote confinement loca-tions 11. For simplicity, only one remote confinement location 11 is illustrated and hereafter described.
: ~
A prisoner l3 is, in the administration of the home confinement system 10, assigned to the remote location 11 ~or confinement. For providing contlnuous woso/l3ls~ . PCT~S90/02~7 determination of the pre~ence of the prisoner 13 at the remote location 11 there is provided attached to the prisoner 13 an anklet 15. The anklet 15 includes an RF transmitter 16 which is connectable to the ankle of the prisoner 13 through the use of a strap 17. The ankle strap 17, once connected to the prisoner 13, cannot be removed from the ankle o~ the prisoner 13 without being cut. The ankle strap 17 forms, either through conductors embedded therein or through the use of semiconductor materia~ in its construction, part of .
a conductive circuit which will detect any cutting of the strap 17 or removal of the strap 17 ~rom the transmitter 16. Components in the tran~m~ttar are deis~gned to respond to the det~cted tamporlng ~nd generate a ta~per signal should th~ strap 17 be cut and the transmitter 16 removed from the prisoner.
The RF transmitter 16 is batte~ powered and continuously emits a ~HF signal at regular intervals.
When the prisoner 13 wearing the anklet 15 i'3 in :
reasonably close proximity to the remote location ll, say ~or example a distance of 120 feet, a signal generated by the RF transmitter will be received by a home monit~ring unit or HMU 20 installed by probation : authorities at the remote location 11. The HMU 20 ~: ~ 25 includes circuits for receiving the RF signal from the :
transmitter, to determine the presence o~ the prisoner i;
13, and circuits for imple~enting o~her tests, ' wosotl3ls7 ~ 'a ~ PCT/US90/02297 including scheduled tests for verify~ng the identity of the prisoner and the certain conduct o~ the prison-er 13. To accept data ~or these other tests, the HMU
20 has, connected to the home monitoring unit 20, a voice and alcohol test mask ~1 which i~ designed to - receive ~oth a voice sample from the specified prison-er or any other person utilizing the mask 21 and to also receive a breath sample upon which a breath alcohol test will be performed. The mask 21 and the system components associated with the mask 21 are more - particularly described in United States patent appli-cation of Patrick ~. Conners et al., Serial No.
109,815, ~lled October 16, 1987 for A Brqath Alaohol Testing System and hareby exprc~ly incorporated into thls application by re~arence.
The home monitoring unit 20 at ~he remote location 11, according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, is connected through a phone line 23 or equivalent transmission path to a conven-tional~telephone exchange 24. Also connected to the exchange 24 through a ~elephone line 25 is a central ~-or host unit 27 at the central location 12. Through the telephone exchange 24 and transmission paths a ~ -~ommunicatlons link can be selectively established between the central office 12 and the remote location 11 in response t~ signals generated at either the remote or central locations. A nu=ber o~ other ' ' ;, ~
'.

WO90/131s7 2 ~ .b PCT/~SgO/02297 -18- ~
similar or identical home monitoring units 20 are also connected to phone lines to the telephone exchange 24 and accordingly also selectively connectable through :~
the operation of the telephone exchange 24 to the central unit 27 at the central office 12 Referriny to Fig. 2, a~ RF transmitter aS5embly 16 i5 illustrated in block diagram form. The transmitter 16 includes a UHF oscillator 30 having connected thereto a transmitting antenna 31. The oscillator 30 generates a radio frequency carrier wave - in the UHF band which is amplitude modulated to carry a signal containing in~ormation regarding the identity o~ the particular transmitter lG, ~he status o~
batteries contained therein to powor tha transm~tt~r 16 and the tamper status o~ ~he band or str~p 17 o~
the anklet 15. ~ more detailed description of the transmitter 16, the receiver in the HMU 20 for receiving the transmitted siynal, the form o~ the signal, and the processing of the information carried by the signal is contained in the copending and commonly assigned application of Jim McCurdy entitled ;~: .
"Remote Confinement System With Timed Tamper Detection Reset" filed on even date herewith and expressly . incorporated herein by reference. `~
- 25 The oscillator 30 is an oscillator amplifier modulator circuit havin~ three sources of information to be modulated onto the carrier signal generated by ,: , , - : . , . . .: : , ., : : , ::

. .:: . :.. :: :-: ~ ::: :: . : . : :: . : .: , : , , ............. . ,:
~ :. .- . :-. . .. ~.... ...... . ..... .

~J l ~ J~u/u~i~Y, f~-,` 19 the oscillator 30 and transmitted from the antenna 31.
The sources of information are diagrammatically illus-trated as a read only memory 33 which contains a transmitter ID code unique to the transmitter 16. The :.
memory device 33 may be in the ~orm of mechanical switches or other cixcuitry designed to develop an electrical signal representative o~ the identification number or code ~or the transmitter 16. In addition, the transmi~ter unit 16 includes a battery low sensor 34 which is designed to generate an output signal to communicate to the oscillator 30 in response to an ~
indication that the transmitter batteries (not shown) ;
are low. In additio~, a tamper sensor 35 is provided and connected to the above described con~lnuity circuit o~ the ankle~ strap 17. Thls ~nsor davolop~
a signal wh~ch i~ supplied ~o the oscilla~or 30 indicating that a tamper has occurred if the strap 17 is severed. The outputs of the transmitter ID code memory 33, the battery low sensor 34, and the tamper sensor 35 are all connected to inputs of the oscil-lator amplifier modulator 30.
~ Referring now to Fig. 3, a home monitoring unlt (HMU) 20 is diagrammatically i}lustrated. The HMn 20 includes a microprocessor 40 having a plurality 2~ for performing the functions hereinafter described.
The microprocessor 40 may be any one of several programmable types, such as the Intel 8088, and woso/l3l97 205 ~ 20~ PCr/U590/02297 equipped with a ROM memory proqram for controlling its ~ :
operation as set forth herein. The microprocessor ~o includes an input 41 connected ts the output of an RF
entry register 42. The register 42 stores in digital form informatlon received by the HMU 20 from the RF
transmitter 16 (Figs. 1 and 2). The HMU 20 also includes a receiver 44 having an output 45 connected to an input of the RF register 42. The receiver 44 is equipped with a pair of receiving antennas 46 con- .
nected through a switch 47 to the RF input of the ~ ~:
- receiver 44. The details and operation of these RF . ::
components are set forth i~ the a~ove identified and incorporated McCurdy application.
The HM~ 20 is provided with a set o~ reg~s-ters ~8 which arQ load~d with in~ormakion remot~l~
received ~rom the hos~ unit 27 over the network 1~.
Included among the host settable registers 48 is a transmitter identification code regis~er 49. The register 49 stores, from information received from the ~. :
host unit, the ID code which is built into the hard- ;
ware or ROM device 33 in the transmitter 16 ~Fig. 2).
~.
The microprocessor 40 causes a check of the code ~:
received in the incoming signal in order to determine : whether the transmitter signal is indeed a signal from the proper transmitter which is attached to the speci~ied prisoner 13. If the signal received is not a valid signal from the correct transmit~er as WO~)0/l3l97 ~ U 5 ~ ~ 6 ~ PCT/US90/02297 identified in register 49, an entry signal or presence !
signal will not be recorded in the RF entry register 42. The registars 48 further include a clock~calendar 50 which is synchronized inter~ittentlY to the day and ti~e as signalled by host 27.
The clock calendar 50 in the HMU 20 gener-ates an output signal on one o~ the input lines 51 which are connected to the microprocessor 40. The cloc~ 50 keeps track o~ the day and time and provides that information to the microprocessor 40. The day - and time information is co lunicated to the RF entry register 42 through the line 41 in order to mark each o~ the data entries entered into the register ~2 fr~m thQ output 45 o~ the receiver 44. Accordingly, th~ RF
in~ormation stored in the RF entry register 42 will be s~orQd in a plur~lity oP r~aord~, each containing ~h~
day and time from the clock calendar 50 a~ which the RF signal was received, and a digitized representation of the ~ransmitter ID number, the battery status, and the tamper indication.
The antenna switch 47 is controlled by an output signal on-line 5~ from the microprocessor 40 to ~ the swltch 47. The trans~itter (Figs. 1 and 2) is ~
; ~ ~ designed to transmit a signal in the fo~m of a brief :;
~pulse train every 16 seconds. Unless a signal is received and placed into the RF entry register 42 within 16 seconds o~ the previously received signal, ; .
.~

W090/13197 ~ 6 ~ ~ PCT~US90/02297 the ~icroproc2~sor 40 re3ponds to th~ absonce of an incoming RF signal and cau~es the switch 47 to switch th~ antennas 45 by the conc~pt known a~ diversity switching. Thus, should the transmitter l6 be in a region blind to one of the antenna~ 46, the switching of the antennas reduces the likelihood that the n~xt successive signal will a~so be lost.
The RF monitoring is pr~gramme~ by the microprocessor 40 to operate to look for the receipt of a recognizable incoming RF signal from the trans-- mitter 16. When a signal is received, it is analyzed to determine whether it carries information in a preamble portion indicating ~hat it is a valid signal ~rom a transmitter o~ th~ type used on tha system lO.
It it i5, and if thc o~h~r ~i~lds o~ exp~tcd informa tion axe presen~, the ~aa~ded ~ransmitt~r lO, battery and tamper ~ields are then placed into the RF entry register 42~
A red "out-of-range~ indicator light 54 on the HMn panel 55 which lights whenever an expected RF
signal is not received within the 16 second ~ime period. In addition, an enunciator 56 is provided on the panel 55 which will sound within two minutes of a missed signal. Th~ ~MU sounds a siren tone through the audio enunciator 5~ on the panel for a duration o~ -one minute or until an in range RF signal is received fro= the trans~itter 16, whichever occurs rirst. ~he .

.
, W090/]3l97 2 ~ PcrJ~JSgo/o2297 purpose o~ ~he siren tone is to alert the prisoner 13 to come back within range in the event that he strays to a dead spot in the vicinity o~ the remote location 11 such as would occur if he were to place his trans- - :
mi'cter 16 in water or move it into a shielded region such as adjacent metallic structures at the remote location 11. Then, after an additional two minutes, or a total o~ ~ive minutes from the time the transmit-ter 16 first appeared out of range, if an incoming signal still is not received, the prisoner 13 is :
- assumed to be missing and to have departed from the location 11. The time of dapartUrQ i5 then assumed to be the time which appeared on the clock 50 wh~n the signal ~xom the transmitter wa~ ~lrst mi~cd. In the manner which will ~e expl~in~d below, i~ this ~par-ture is within an authorized departure time, the procedure will still be performed but the sounding of the one minute siren will be suppressed.
The registers 48 which are set with the information from the host unit 27 at the time of each `communication also includa two registers, 57 ~nd 58, ;:
~: : which record the next authorized leave time, register : 57, and:the leave time grace period window, register 58. The next au~horized leave time is the next time after receipt of a signal upon communication with the host unit 27 at which the prisoner 13 is authorized to leave ~he remota locatian 11. To avoid annoylng other . . . . , . . . ,. . . , , ,. " . ,~ . . . ~, . ` ~ . . . . .

: .::: .: . :. . .: .: . . : . : . :, : : ; . ~

wo 91)/131~7 ~ j pCr~'usgO/02297 than the prisoner 13, i~ the prisoner 13 leaves at a scheduled leave time, ~he enunciator 56 does not sound. The information stored in the leave time grace window reglster 58 is the time period be~ore and after the authorized leave time during which the prisoner may leave with authorization. ~his tlme w.indow, for example, extends lO minutes before and after the authorized leave time.
A messaye queue 60 is provided in the HMU n~
1020. The queue 60 is a memory location to which are ;-posted or stored messages for transmission to the central unit 27. Stored in the queue are the "depar-ture" or other messages generated and thQ time o~ ~h~
departure or other event to be report~d. This memory, as with the register~ 4~ v~la~ , bu~ the power supply (not shown) of the HMU 20 includes alternative a.c. and battery power to prevent loss of information for extended periods of time.
The HMU 20 also includes a set of volatile registers 62 which are set by the microprocessor 40 when messages are posted in the queue 60 which re~ate to the statu~ of the signal received from the trans-mitter 16. The registers 62 include a battery status register 63 having three states: a "battery low"
state, a "battery normal" state, and a "battery not sure" state. The "battery low~ state o~ the register 63 means tha~ the last reported status o~ the battery WO 9U/13197 ~ u cJ 1 SJ~ PCl`~ 2'J7 low signal from the RiF tran~mitter 16 indicatad that the batte~y low sen-qor 34 (Fig. 2) in the transmitter 16 was activated. The sta~us of register 63 in the "battery low" state indicates that the last signal reported to the message queue 60 was a siqnal reporting receipt of a ~'battery low" indication message. A "battery normal" status in the register 63 indicates that the last signal so posted was a ~'battery normal~ signal to message queue 60. A
lo "~attery not sure" state is a state which occurs when no previous message has been posted since the unit 20 has been started up.
The purpose of the registers 62 is to avoid khe repeated posting o~ the ~ame me~agc whcn no change in ~tatus has occurr~d. ~t will b~ ~s~um~d that unless the statu~ o~ th~ battery cha~ges, then the last posted message which will be received by the host unit in a manner explained below will be looked to for the status o~ the battery.
Registers 6~ and 65 serve a similar purpose.
The register 64 is a tamper register which records the last message reported concerning the status of the portion of the signal generated by the tamper sensor 35 in the transmit~er 16. The register 64 includes a "tamper acti~e" state which indicates that the last message posted in the queue 60 was that o~ the tampering with the anklet band 17 being detected. The . .

wo 90~31~7 ~ ~ ~ L ~ ~ ~ PCTtUS9OtO2297 .

register 64 al50 has a "t~mper r~set" status indi-cating tha~ the last messaqe posted in the queue reflected that the anklet band had been placed in sacure condition. As wi~h registe~ 63, the register 64 possesses a "tamper not isure" state. The details and operation of the tamper detection and reset ~eatures are set forth in the a~ove incorporated McCurdy application~
Similarly, register 65 indicates status of the last message reported to the queue 60 concerning the presence or absence of the prisoner 13 at the remote location 11. Accordingly, the register 65 has a "prisoner in" state, a "prisoner out" i~tate, and a "priisoner presance un~ure" state. Wlth the example given above, when the departura me~sag~ had beon posted ~o the queue 60, the prisoner in/out register 65 will have been set to the "prisoner out" status.
Thus, further in~ications that an RF signal is not received will not result in a further posting of a "departure~ message until an ~arrival" message has been posted.
The HMU 20 is further provided with a voice tester 70 and a breath tester 71. The testers 70 and j 71 each include a circuit board in the HMU 20 to : 25 provide certain functions. Th~ testers 70 and 71 connect through input and output control lines 72 wit~

woso/l3ls7 2 ~ 3 1 ~ 6 6 PCT/US90/02297 the microprocessor 40 and also through lines 73 with the mas~ 21.
The mask 21 is a sensor head as described in the u.S. patent application 109,815 which has been incorporated hereln by reference. It includes a - proximity detector, preferably an infrared proximity detector which detects the proper positio~ing of the masX 21 on the face of the prisoner 13 or other user of the device. It also includes a voice sampling transducer which will generat~ a signal carrying a voice sample delivered by the user of the mask 21 into the mask. It al50 contains pressure switches and an alcohol sensor which will gen~rate signals repre-senting the presence o~ a su~icient pressure an the alcohol sampl~ng head to indicate a prop~r broath sample i~ in the process o~ being delivered as w~ll as that alcohol content sensor which generates a signal proportional to the breath alcohol content of the sample.
The test of alcohol and breath testing are initiated by a clock generated interrupt signal indicating that the time has come for a scheduled test. The signal to start a tes~ is communicated to the prisoner at fixed or random times assigned by the host unit at the tie of the last communication. The time of the next test from such a host generated signal is stored in a register 75 which is the next WO90/131~7 '~ j PCT/US90/02297 test time scheduled. In addition, into a register 76 .
is stored the type of the next scheduled test. The type of the next scheduled test may be, according to the illustrated embodiment, one of four scheduled ;~:
tests. The scheduled ~est may be either a voice test, a breath alcohol test which according to the preferred embodiment of the invention includes and is proceeded by a voice test. The test may also be a hello message transmission which is merely a report by the home monitoring unit 20 to the host of the status of the home unit 20 and a request for information to reload the registers 48. The test may also have a location verify message which places a modem 77 on lin~ to receive a telephone communic~tlon messa~ ~rom tho host unit.
The voice and alcohal tests are pre~erably scheduled by the host unit 27 at random or programmed times at from one half to 2~ hour intervals, except during sleep time and time when the prisoner is authorized to be away from the remote location ll.
The hello test and the location verify tests are performed by the hardware alone and do not involve the presenc2 or cooperation of the prisoner and are performed anytime. The scheduled tests have priority over other tests~ However, as will be seen from the flowcharts described below, because the routines are interrupt driven and run independently, the RF test ~9()/13197 ~ 6 6 ` PCTtUS90/02297 and t~e tamper t~ts will proceed on th~ir o~n sched-ules while the scheduled t~t~ are being performed. A
green "ready" pushbutton light is provided on the panel 55 for the user to int~ract with the programmed control to st~rt the test.
on the panel 5S is a yellow indicator light 78 which illuminates whenever a call is being placed on a telephone line.
Provision is made at ~he HMU 20 for an lo enrollment procedure and a test procedure which can be - performed only with the presence of an authorized operator who will initiate the procedure~ with a special key to activate a switch 79 on th~ HMU con-sole. The various timing int~rvals emplo~ed by the microproce~sor 20 and th~ ~ariou~ o~her circuit~
within the HMU 20 are repre~ented by timers 84 which provide precise timing of the routines. The HMU
further includes an EPROM 86 which contains the identification code for the HMU uni~ 20. This EPROM
86, the timers 84 and the switch are connected to inputs of the microprocessor 40.
T~ HMU is further provided with a series of detectors which activate various tamper switches 87.
This switches 87 respond to electric~l changes in certain parameters of the HMU 20 in order to generate signals for detecting power failure, restoration of failed power, phone line disconnect, phone l1ne WO~0/13197 2 ~ ~ 1 6 ~ ~ PCTJ~U~90/02297 recatoration, case tampering such as would be represen- ;~
tative of the prisoner attemp~ing to open the case of the XMU 20, or a mask tamp~r which would indicate removal of the mask 21 from the unit 20. Each of these conditions generates a separate error signal to ~-the microprocessor 40 which causes the posting of a corresponding message to the message queue 60.
The circuitry for and operation of the breath alcohol tester 7l may be of any commercially available type adapted to the features explained herein, but is preferably of the type disclosed in copending and commonly assigned patent application Serial No. 209,091, filed June 17, 1988 and entitled "Sobriety Interlock With Bypa~ Dcteation", which i5 hereby expre~isly inorporated in this applica~ion by reference. ~k dii~closes primarily a breath alcohol tester for use in a sobriety interlock for a vehicle or a machine and accordingly, the portions disclosed therein in Figs. 3, 7, l0 and ll may be omitted. The sampling head and mask circuit shown in Fig. 9 of the j -incorporated application 209,09l is preferably : replaced by that dii~closed in the copending and commonly~assign~d U.S. pa~ent application Serial No.
; 109,815, filed October 16, 1987 and entitled "Breath Alcohol Testing system~ which is also expressly incorpora~ed herein by reference. `~;

,':

": " ; .,; , i , , , "" ,, ", ~ ", , " ,; - ; " ~

w~so/l3ls7 ~ 6 ~ ~ P~T/~J~90/~22g7 Referring to Fig. ~, the central host unit 27 is illustrated diagrammatically. Unit 27 includes at least one computer preferably of the type having an Intel 80286 or 80386 microprocessor or one of equiva- ~`
S lent capability connected through a modem 91 through the telephone linas 25. Optionally, a P~X system 92 may be provided to form a connection between the telephone lines 25 and anyone of a plurality of modems 91 or 91a for connectlon to different computers. In such a manner, the PBX system may route calls from - different HMU's 20 at different remote locations 11 by group to dif~erent computers. This would be achieved by assigning di~ferent telephone calling numbers ~o the HMU's in ordcr to place the telophonQ call to the central unit.
Each of th~ comput~rs 90 would h~ve associ-ated therewith a data storage medium 93 containing information on the various prisoners information ~or transmission to the HMU in order to load its registers in replying to host calls from the remote unit. The data storage medium which may be hard disk would store information received a~d processed over the phone lines for the preparation of future reports to pro~
bation o~fice customers. The co~puter also has - 25 connected thereto appropriate printer 94, a display or monitor terminal 95, and an enunciator ~6 which may set an alarm, give an audio indication to the ;: . .. ~, .. : . ; : . . . . .

wo go/l3l97 ~, ~) .1 L ~ ) p~r/us9o/o2297 ~, supervising personnel th~ a particular violation has occurred, or otherwise send commands to equipment to inform supervising personnel that action is to be taken.
For example, when a signal is received that a prisoner 13 has departed from the location 11 without authorization, or that a breath alcohol test has boan failed, or that a voice test has been failed, or that an equipment failure to tamper has occurred, follow up action in real time may be required.
Accordingly, the alarm alerts the supervising person-nel so that the indicated action can be taken.
Generally, the primary ~unctions o~ the central host unit 27 are to issue the command~ de~crib~d ~bove which the ~nMU9 20 expect to r~c~iv~ relating to th~
particular prisoner in order ta load the various registers 48, to receive and interpret information received in the form of messages from the message queue 60 and transmitted over the phone line 23 from the HMU 20, and to display to the supervisor the messages that are received and to inform the super- -visor when immediate action may be called for by the `;
nature of the message received. The remainder of the operatlons o~ the system according to the principles ~` 25 of the present invention will be understaod by review ~;
of the operation of the HMU 20 as illustrated in the flowcharts of Figs. 5-9C.

WO90/13197 ~ V ~ PCl/~S90/02297 t~ -33-Re~erring to Fig. 5, the main interrupt loop of th~ microprocessor 40 is illustrated in flowchart form. The loop is triggered by pulses at onP second intervals from timer circuitry 84. The triggering of the One Second Loop flrst initiates the RF routine by generating an interrupt signal to initiate that routine. The RF check routine will be more fully described in connection with Fig. 8. The RF routine has priority over the HMU tamper routine and the host called routine. As will be explained below, the priority of the RF routine is subordinated to that of the scheduled test routine described in connection with Fig. 9 which is initlated by an independont clock signal when the output of clock calendar 50 Qquals th~
next scheduled tcst timo s~ored ln r~gist~r 7S.
R~turning now ~o Fig. 5, following the initiation o~ the RF routine the HMU tamper routine is initiated by an interrupt signal generated by the One Second Loop. The HMU tamper routine merely involves an interrogation by the microprocessor 40 of various hardware switches and interlocks illustrated in connection with the tamper functions 87 in Fig. 3.
The Ona Second ~oop then proceeds to initiate the Call ~Ho~t routine. The Call Host routine is more particu-larly illustrated in connection with Fig. 6 describedbelow. Thereupon, the One Second Loop routine will halt until the next one second pulse Prom a timer ~09~/13l97 2 0 3 ~ Pcr/ ~S90/02297 circuit with an 84 reinitiate~ the One Second Loop.
The priority of the routines is that illustrated by the order in which they appear in Fig. 5. The RF
routine has priority over the tamper routine of the HMU which has priori~y over the Call Host routine.
All three of these routines are subordinate to the scheduled test routines as stated above. Each of the four optional routines, however, runs ind~pendent of each o~ the others and all run simultaneously. The priority is maintained by checks within each of the routines to respect the priority assignments when the routines conflict.
Referrinq to Fig. 6, the Call Host routine is desciribed. Whein the Call Host routin~ i~ initlated by the On~ S~con~ Loop routine o~ Fig. 5, a ch~ak 1~
made of the m~age qu~ue 60 to det~rm~na whether any messages pending exist to be sent to the host. If so, a messa~ge will be sent unless less than three minutes remain to the next scheduled test. This is determined by comparing the clock calendar 50 with the next test time stored in register 75. If that difference is ~;~
le~s than three minutes, then the routine will halt waiting for the next scheduled test before a call is ~-initiated. Furthermore, if a fewer ~han 60 seconds has èlapsed since the last call was madel no call will be placed and the unit will halt awaiting at least 60 seconds fro~ the time of the last call before a call WO~/13197 2 ~ 5 ~ 6 PCT/US9~/02297 will be again made to the host. ~owever, if there are messages on the queue 80, i~ more than three minutes .
remains before the next scheduled test, and if more than Ç0 seconds has elaps~d since the last call, connaction will be made to the phone line by a signal sent to the modem 77 from the microproce~sor 40. When the modem 77 makes the connection to the phone line 23, a cheak will be made to determined whether a dial tone is present on the phone line 23. If none is present, it is assumed at least by this routine that the line is busy. Then, a beep or tone will be generated on the phone line to inform the person using the phone that the HMU 20 wishes to place a call. The routine will then return to the,beglnninq o~ th~ Call Host rout~ne and, a~ a re~ult, at lea~t 60 s~conds will be required to lap~e before another call is attempted in which case, unless less than three minutes then remains to the next scheduled test, the reconnection will be made to the phone line. '' When, upon connection to the phone line 23, a dial tone is detected, a phone call will be placed ~ :.
to the host by dialing the number stored in either the eprom 86 or the microprocessor 40. Then, the modem 77 - : will await an answer. If no answer is detected, .
: 25 control returns to the beginning of the Call ~ost , 'program and 60 seconds will be required before another '.
call may be placed which will proceed acanrding to the W~0/1319~ PCT/US9OJ02297 205 1 ~6 -36- ~
logic previously described. If an answer is detected, then ~he message queue 60 will be read and the message stored therein will be transmitted. The transmission will includf~ the HMU ID number stored in the eprom 86, the e~ent time and event type stored in the message queue 60, and such other information as the system designer may assign. Once this m~ssage is transmitted over the phone line Z3 to the answering unit, a wait o~ up to 30 seconds will be made ~or a reply to be received from the host. If no valid recognizable reply is received within the 30 second interval, control will return to the beginning of the Call ~ost routine and 60 seconds will be awaited for another call in accordance with the same logic previously described. The ~ailure o~ the host 27 to roply could indicate a bus~ cond~tion at the host unit or a Aefective transmission or some other reason. Regard-less of the reason, unless a valid reply is received, the HMU 20 will assume that ef~ective communication `
was not made with the host unit 27. A valid reply will include date and time information to reset the ~ ' clock calendar 50, a time for the next scheduled test which wi~l reset the register 75, the type of the next scheduled test which will reset the register 76, the ;~
time of the next authorized leave time which will reset the register 57, the leave time grace window which.will reset the register 58, and the RF

, .. .. . , .. .. . , . . .. ., .. ., , , ... - . - - . . . . . . . . .

WOgO/13197 2 ~ P~T/US90/02297 r~ ~37~ al ~ i 6 ~ 6 transmitter ID nu~b~r which will res~t tha register 49. I~ any one o~ the~e value~ is inapplioable to the HMU 20 or relate to a test which i5 not to be used, a code, such as a 99g~9 will be transmitted by the host 27. Failure to receive info~mation for each variable will be interpreted as an invalid reply and according-ly the call will be placed again subsQquently. If a v~lid reply is received, the registers 50, 75, 76, 57, 58 and 49 will be loaded and the messages transmitted will be cleared from the message queue 60.
There are two ways in which these messages will be transmltted. According to one option, all of the mess~ges in ~he mes~age ~ueue can be transmitted in a single call. I~ this is the case, upon th~re transmission, all of ths m~agaa w~ll he cl~a~d~ To simplify the HMU sy~em, and ~o minimize the amount of information which must be received and analyzed by the host unit 27, the transmission may include only one message from the message queue 60 per call which would be sent on a priority system. The priority system may be arranged in accordance with the preferences of the paro-e customers and this will normally be the :reporting of departures from the premises as having .
: the hLghest priority or the failure of breath or voice . ~ :2S test.
Upon completion of the call to the host, .
additional checks of the incoming data are made.

S~ C S~
' woso~131s7 PC~/US90/02297 First, it is d~termined whether or not 2 new RF ID
number for the transmitter 16 was transmitted. If it was not, then no further processing is required and the routine halts. If a new RF ID number was received, the system mlcroprocessor 40 checks to determine the configuration of the system with respect to the provision for RF receiver. If an RF receiver 44 is included with the ~MU 20, then the RF variables are reinitialized by a setting of the register 62 to the "not sure~' state. The routine then halts. If no RF receiver 44 is present in the HMU 20, then a "no Rr receiver" message is posted in the message queue 60.
Such a message will be transmitted at the next call.
Wi~h the Call Host routine having been describ~d, it is now appropriat~ to con~ider the Power Up routine which uses the Call Host routine. The HMU
20, when initially powered, has insuf~icient informa-tion to proceed with the test since all of the regis-ters 48 are empty. Accordingly, the powering up of the unit first causes an interrogation of the Enroll Test Key switch 79 in order to determine whether a test is being run or whether the enrollment of a new ~;~
prisoner 13 is bein~ made into the voice identifica-tion system.
If in the enrollment mode, during the enrollment mode, 3 to 5 words are recorded. This is done by a probation of~lcer requirin~ ~he pr~soner ~o ..

Sl~iV~

, ~.~:.. : . .: .

WO90~13197 2 ~ ~ 1 6 6 6 PCT/US90/02297 utter each of the 5 words three times each. Each of the utterances of a word are recorded in a memory in the voice tester 70 for comparison when a voice test word is uttered. Upon that utterance during the course of the test, each uttered word will be compared with the three utterances of the cnrresponding ~ord in memory to determine whether or not there is a voice match.
Upon the end o~ the enrollment mode or if there is no enrollment or demonstrator option selected - by the use of the Enrollment Test Key switch 79, then a call is placed to the ho~t in accordance with the procedure previously de~cribed in connec~ion with Fig.
6. When the reply ~rom the ho~t is recei~ed, lt is l~ analyz~d accarAing to that proc~durc described ln connection wi~h Fig. 6. The inPormation received is interrogated to determine whether or not RF testing was requested by the transmission of a transmitter ID
number. If none was requested, a check is made to determine whether or not the particular HMU unit is an RF Test Only unit. If it is, then, to info~Q the installer that no function has been requested of which the HMU unit 20 is capable of performing, the "absent"
light 54 on the panel 55 is caused to blink. Then, the interrupts are enabled so that other programs may proceed and the routine halts.

. .

WO90/13197 ~ PCT/US90/02297 2~516~6 ~40-If the unit is an RF Only unit then a "need transmitter ID num~er" message is posted in the message queue 60 to be sent to the host, the inter-rupts are enabled ~or the other programs and-the routine i.s halted. If, however, the host did request RF testing by supplying an ID number to the transmit-ter ID code register 49, then a timer contained in the circuitry 84 is set to zero and the entry register 42 is read for data. If the register is empty, then the register is continuously reread until the timer times out at two minutes or data in the register is found, -~
whichever occurs first.
I~ the timer time~ out at two minutcs, it implies that no transmitter ha~ been l~ca~ed with the given I~ number at th~ remote locat~on ll. X~ thl~ ~s the case, ai ~Ino trans~it~er" message i~i po~ed in the queue 60 and the interrupts for the other programs are enabled and the routine halts. When informiation is found in the entry register 42, and this information matches the ID num~er transmitted and stored in register 49, a "transmitter match~ message i5 posted ~;;
in the message queue 60, then interrupts ~or t:he other programs are enabled and the routine halts. The HMU
, is thus in operation under the control of the inter-rupts described in connection with the description of Figs. 5 above and Fig. 9 which will hereafter follow.

`','` ` `- ' , " `,' ,` ,' ", .' . i ,`, ~ " .` `" ` ` ` ' ;.. . ' ` ';' ' ' ' ~90/131~7 ~ PCT/US90/02297 -41- ' Next, however, with re~rence to Fig. 8, th~ !
operation of the RF check routine is described. As previously explained, the RF routine is initiated by an interrupt generated by the execution o~ the one Second Loop described in Fig. 5. It should be appre-ciated that when a signal is received on one of the antennas 46 and detected by the receiver 44, a pream-ble is checked to determine whether or not the received signal is a signal from an RF receiver of the type of receiver 16 used with the system lO. If such ~ is the case, an ID number is detected from the received signal, the battery indication status is read from the received signal and the ~amper indication is read from the xeceiv~d ~ignal. These items contain the inPormati~n from ~h~ memory 33 in th~ ~ran~mit~er 16 ~Fig. 2) and ~h~ batte~y an~ tamper s~nsors 34 and 35. This information is then stored in the RF entry ~ ;
register 42 together with the time from the cloc~ 50 at which a signal was received.
Upon initiation of the RF check routine of Fig. 8, the last entry received in the entry xegister 42 is checked to see whether or not it is a valid signal from the assigned transmitter. This is achieved ~y comparing the number in the ID field of the last entry received, if any, with the content of the register 49. I~ there is no match, or if there is no entry at all in the register 42, then it is woso/l3197 ~ PCT/US90/02297 determined by comparing the clock 50 with the time field of the last entry in the register 42 to deter-mine whether 17 seconds has lapsed since the last valid message was received. If it has not, then the routine halts. If the 17 sQconds ha~ lapsed, then the result means that the prisoner is possibly absent from the remote location ll ~ecause the signal was not received within the tim~ expected. When this occurs, ., . ~
the "absent" light 5~ on the panel 55 illuminates.
Then, the status of the in/out register 65 is checked - to determine whether or not the prisoner was last reported in at the remote location. I~ the prisoner was las~ reported as out or having doparted ~rom the remote location ll, then the absence o~ a ~iqnal i9 consistsnt with that state Oe departur~ and the routine halts~ I~ the prisoner was last in at the remote location ll then the routine checks to see whether ox not three minutes has lapsed without at least one valid RF signal received. This is achieved by checking the time recorded for the last ent:ry posted in the RF entry register with the time in the -clock 50. I~ the three minute time has lapsed then the program checXs to determine whether or not there i~ a scheduled test in progress or whether or not the time is within the grace period of an a~thorized leave time. If the scheduled test is in progress, or if the priso~er is authoriæed to leave at the present time, woso~131~7 2 o ~ Pcr/u~9o~o~2~7 :~ ~43- !

th~n no siren would be sounded. Otherwis~; a siren on the panel will be sounded through the enunciator 56 and will endure ~or a period of one minute. When the siren has ceased to sound or if three minutes have not lapsed since the last valid test a ch~ck is made to determine whether or not ~ive minutes has lapsed without at least one valid signal being received each minute. Then the in/out register 65 is set to "out".
If five minutes have not passed no valid signal received, then the routine halts. Otherwise, the - departure of the prisoner is presumed and a "depar-ture" message is posted in the message queue 60. It ~ ;
should be appreciated that every time a me~age i~
posted in the measage queue 60, the time o~ tha posting o~ the me~sage or the time o~ the oacurrence o~ the évent, l~ di~erent then the time o~ the `
postiny of the message, will be recorded in the a~eue 60 along with the message. In the case of the depar-ture of the prisoner, since five minutes will have elapsed since the departure to be recorded before the message is posted, the time of the first missed .~:
mPssage is the time recorded in the message queue 60.
When it is recorded, the routine is halted.
The five minute delay in posting the depar~
ture message allows for a temporary loss af signal to pass without the signalling of a departure to the central unit. Accordingly, i~ a valid ~ignal were to .' ':' ' " ~ ' .

., . .. ,,,, ;,. I , r~ . . .; , . ,. : ., '. ,' ," .. , ; .

WO90/l3197 r ~ PCTJUS90/02297 2~ 44- ~ .
be received at a time during the five minu~es, thls portion of the flowchart would not be reentered before the lapse of the five minu~es and accordingly no departure message would be s~nt. The provision for ~:~
S the siren of one minute sexves ~he important function ;-of in~orming the prisoner that his signal has not been received by the HMU's receiver 44. Thus, the prisoner will know that he has positioned himself such that the transmi~ter 16 is not generating a sufficiently strong signal to be detected by the receiver 44 and thus he - has the opportunity to move back into range or to reposition himself to prevent a posting af the message o~ his depar~ure when he has not in ~act departed from the remote location 11.
~turn~nq to the kop o~ the elowahart o~
Fig. 8, had there been a valid signal ~rom the trans~
mitter detected upon ~he entry o~ the RF chec~ the left branch oP the flowchart will be processed. It should be noted that the RF check will, under the control of interrupts generated by the one Second Loop :;
of Fig. 5, occur at each one second lnterval. Thus, each entry of the RF check flowchart by way of a halt routine, as for example has been explained in con- ~:
nection with the branches on the right of the flow~
: 25 chart which are processed when no signal is received, : will result in a check of a signal every second.
Thus, unless and until each of the 17 second, three WO~0/13197 2 ~ PCT/US90/02297 -., .,~;

mi~ute and five minute time periods has lap~;~d and has been repeatedly checked e~ery second for suoh periods of time, then control will proceed along the left branch of the flowchart of Fig. 8.
Wh~n a signal is received which is valid, then the battery status information from the entry rogister 42 is checked. I~ the battery is low then the status o~ register 63 i5 checked to see whether the last report to the message queue was of a low battery indication. I~ not, then a "battery low~
message will be posted in the message queue 60. If such a message were previously posted, then the portion o~ the field o~ the la~t entry in the entry register 42 rela~ing to the statu~ o~ the tamper indicator is tast~d. ~, on ~ha o~h~r han~, ~h~ check of the queue 60 had detcrmined that the battery was not low, then the register 63 is checked to determine whether a "battery low" message was last sent and, if it were, then a "battery OK~1 message is instead posted to the queue 60.
In all ca~es, after the checking of the ;~
battery status portion of the entry register 42 and the pos~ing of either a ~battery low~ or "battery OK"
message, the RF tamper indicator is checked ir1 a 2S similar manner. If the message indicates a tamper and a previous tamper message has been sent or if the tamper indicator field of the ~F en~ry register wo 90/~3197 2 ~ ~ L;~ ~ ~ PCTiUS90/02297 -46- :
indicates "no tamper~' and a ~tamper OK~' mes~age had ~een previously sent, then the absent light 54 is turned off. I~ a tamp~r is indicated by the status of the RF entry register 42 and the "RF tamper'i message has not been the last message sent, then a "RF tamper"
message is posted in the queue 60 and the absent light 54 is turned off. If the tamper indicator was not on but the last message sent was an RF tamper message as indicated by the on status of the register 64, then a "tamper OX" message is posted and the absent light is turned off.
Following the turning of~ of the absent light 54, a test ls made o~ the content o~ the prison-er in/out regis~er 65 ko determine whether or not the 1~ prisoner was last repor~ed in. Ir the prlsoncr was reported in, th~n the routine halts. If the prisoner was reported out, however, then the register 6S is checked to determine whether or not at least one signal was received within each of the last five minutes. If at least one signal was not received within each of the last five minutes, then the program halts. If, however, at least one signal was received in each of the last five minutes, then a valid confir-mation of the en~ry of the prisoner back onto the : 25 premises at the remote location 11 will have been verified and the in/out register 65 will be set to "in". Then, an ~arrival~ message will be posted to .. ... : . ~ . i ~ ........................ .
: . , .. . . ~ . . .

Wvso/l3l9~ 2 ~ ~ ~ & ~ ~ PCT/US90,0229, the me~sage queue 60 and its time will be marked as ,' the time of the first received RF signal in the , message queue 42. Thereupon the routine will halt.
Proceeding next to the scheduled test `, routine oP Fig. 9, as previously indicated, the ;
scheduled test routines are initiated by independent interrupts upon the time of the clock 50 equalling the time of the neXt scheduled test recorded in register 75. When a next scheduled test time arrives, the register 76 is interrogated to determine the type of test which is scheduled. If the test is a "hello" "
message to be reported, a hello message is posted in the message queue 60 and the routine halts. A Hello message i~ the simplest ~orm of me~sage which merely is designeid to in~orm the ho~t unit that the ~MU 20 ig active and to seek a reply ~rom the host unit 27 to update the contents o~ the registers 48 to accept ;~ '' commands for the next test.
If the current message is not a Hello message, then the status of register 76 is checked to ~ ' determine whether or not it is a phone number veri-fication test which is scheduled. A phone number ~.. :.
verification test allows the'host unit 27 to dial the i- , .. .
HMU 20 in order to insure that the unit is connected to the proper ~elephone line. In that the HMU 20 is not normally permanently connected to the telephone ' ' line 23, since such connection would permanently ..... -... I . ' .. , .. , . , . .. .. . ',, . , ., , , .. . -~ . . . . . .. . .

woso/l3197 2 ~ ~ 48- PCT/US90/02297 dedicate the telephone line to the HMn 20, it is .
necessary that an auto answer mode bz en~bled in the modem 77 for it to answer a veri~lcation call from the host 27. Accordingly, if a phone number verification ~.
test is the type of test which has been scheduled according to the in~ormation in.register 76, then the modem 77 will be so enabled and will be enabled for a period o~, ~o~ example, lO minutes. Slnce the host unit 27 will know the time it specified for a phone number verification test, it will then, if operating properly and not otherwise preoccupied, dial the phone number of the line 25 to which the HMU is connected to determine whether or not the mode~ 77 answQrs.
I~, a~ter the modem is activat~d, lO minutes has elapsed and no call i~ received, thon a dis~onnoc~
message is posted in the message queue and the modem 77 is disconneated from auto answer mode and the routine halts. If lO minutes has not elapsed, then the phone line 23 is monitored to determined whether or not an incoming call is appearing on the line 23.
If not, the routine will cycle until the lO minutes has lapsed.
; If an incoming call does come in during the time, then a "veri~y~ message is sent and a ~acknowl-:
25~ edge" meissage is posted to the queue if in response to : the verified message the host has replied. If in response to the veri~y message the host has not , . -WO90/13197 ~1 PCT/US90/02297 replied then a "no acknowledge~ mQ~age is ~osted to the message queue 60. Then, a disconnect message is pos~ed to the message queue and the auto answer mode of the modem is disconnected. Thereupon the routine halts.
If a phone number verification test is not the scheduled test then the routine proceeds to determine whether or not it is voice test or an alcoho~ test which is being scheduled. If it is a voice test which is being scheduled, then the micro-processor 40 checks the hardware configuration to determine whether the unit does have voice equipment in the ~orm o~ a voice tester 70. I~ it ls pre~nt, then ~he voico test routine describod in conn~ckion with Fig. 9A i5 ex~autcd. I~ the u~ do~ not have a voice tester 70, ~hen a "can't do" me~sage is posted and the machine halts.
I~ a voice test is not the scheduled test, then a check is made to determine whether or not it is the alcohol test which was scheduled. If it was not, then it checks to determine whether or not some other -~
; test is requested and if so, since no other e~uipment -~
~; is provided in the embodiment illustrated, a "can't do" message is similarly posted and the routine halts.
If no other test is indicated upon interrogation of the next test type register 76, then the routine halts.

:. . : . : :: : . . ; . .. : . - : . :~,, ~ .

W090/l31~7 PCr/US90/022~7 2 ~ 5 ~ ~

However, should the alcohol test be the test scheduled, then the routine checks to determine whether or not the alcohol test equipment 71 is provided with the current HMU 20. If it is not, then again, the "can't do" mo~sage is posted and the routine halts~ Otherwise, if the equipment is pre-sent, then the alcohol test as described in connection with Fig. 9B below is executed.
Referring to Figs. 9A and 9B, the operation of the voice and alcohol tests is explained. When the next scheduled test type set in the register 76 indicates a breath alcohol test, a voice and breath test will be both performed. ~he voice test will proceed the alcohol ta~t in ~uch a way that the identity of the person delivering the breath sample for the breath test will be confirmed as that of the speci~iQd prisoner before a test proceeds. When the scheduled test time set in register 75 for the breath -alcohol test arrives, an interrupt is initiated which triggers the voice and breath alcshol testing hardware to execute the test. As a first step, a signal is output on the enunciator 56 to warn the prisoner that he will be required to take a test within five min-utes. This five minute period allows the prisoner to refrain from eating, drinking or smoking until the test is completed and not doing so within the five minute period proceeding a breath alcohol test can ~;.; . : .. , : .
... .. . . . . . . . .. . .
::,: ~. . . .: :.. .. .: . ; , ,: .... . , ,... : , : . . .. : .:
.. : ... . -. ...... . .. ..... ..

WO9~/~319~ 2 ~ 6~6 PCli~U590/02~97 .~" j, cause false test readings. Along with the sounding of the enunciator 56, a green ready button 78 is illu-minated on the panel 55. When the signal sounds on the enunciator 56 and the green ready button 78 illuminates, a prisoner is given three minutes to presi the button to indicate readiness. If he does so, ~ive minutes is allowed for commencement of the test whe~ again the green ready button will be illu-minated and a sound similar to a telephone ring will be output on the enunciator 56. If the prisoner does not push the ready button that he is availa~le within about three minutes o~ the first alert, a missed test message will be posted in the message qu~ue 60. When the eecond signal is sounded ~or the pri~on~ to begin ~ ;
a test, a ~urther ~hree minutès is allowed ~or pressing of the ready button. If the button is not pressed, again a missed test message is posted in the queue 60. The pressing of the ready button at this time must occur when the mask 21 is properly p:Laced on the face of the person taking the test. Unless the presence detector within the mask indicates a proper , positioning of the mask, a~d in addition that the background noise is low enough to allow an accurate test, the test will not proceed upon the pressing of the ready button.
When the ready button is pressed, the syste~
proceeds with a voice test to verify the WC)90/13197 2 ~ ~ ~ g ~ 5 P ~ /US90/02297 -5~i-identification of the prisoner. Upon enrollment of the prisoner on th~ sysitem, voice sa~ples were storPd in memory within the voice tester 70 recording the utterance of 3 to 5 words 3 times each. When the s voice test is performed, after the ready button has been pressed and the mas~ has been properly posi-tioned, the HMU 20 will prompt the prisoner to repeat one of the words by displaying the word on a panel display ~not shown) `or sounding the word on the lo enunciator 56. The prompt is followed by a sounding a beep through the enunciator 56. After each word is prompted and the beep is sounded, the prisoner must repeat the word within a speci~ied time, ~ay two s~conds. A prison~r i~ glven three tries to r~peat the word within the prescri~ed time and to have the word match the voice sample of the word stored in the voice tester memory. These three words will be prompted ln random order and accurate matching o~ all three words on at least one of the three tries will be required before the test is passed. In addition, a random bogus word may be included in ~he sequence to foil an attempt by the prisoner to use recorded words lnstead of his own voice. The bogus words will not be analyzed.
If the test is passed with a matched voice sample uttered by the prisoner in response.to prompts o~ the reaorded words, a green ready ligh~ illuminates ,, ;........................ :

:: .. : ::: - :: :: :: . ::.. : :: .: ~ :. :;: :: :: . ::.:: .. :: :.. ::.. ~ : ;. .. : .

WO90/13197 2 0 ~ 6 PCTI~S90/02297 _53-signalling for the prisoner to deliver the breath ,~
sample. If the words do not match the stored data, the HMU will flash an error indicator and start the .
test over. If the test is failed three times, a "voice ~est failed" message will be posted in the queue 60. If the test is pas6ed, the prisoner must begin blowi~g the breath sample immediately when the green ready button is illuminated and must sustain a breath sample for a continuous 4~ seconds without interruption. When the beginning of the delivery of - the breath sample is detected by the breath tester 71, ~:
a humming kone will be produced and sustained for the full 4~ second in~erval so ~hat the prison~r knows how long to continue deliverlng the ~amp~e. The pri~oner lS will be giv~n thrQe trie~ to deliver an acceptable breath sample of the proper pressure for the full 4 second duration.
When an acceptable test is delivered, the breath alcohol content of th person will be recorded whether o or at whatever level measured and the message queue 60. If the test fails for any reason other than the reading of an unacceptable alcohol content, tha~ other reason will be recorded and the message posted to the queue 60. Such messages would include a voice mismatch, a failure to blow the breath sample soon enough, failure to blow the breath sample long enough or hard enough, or ~ailure to take the :, :.: : :: , . ..... .. : . . i . . -` . . , ~

W090/13l97 PCT/US90/0~297 2~16~ ~

test at all. When the test is completed, the next opexation to be observed by the prisoner will be the illumination of the yellow telephone indicator light 82 on the panel 55. This light will illuminate whenever a message is being transmitted to the host unit.
The voice tester 70 operates in part under the control of the microprocessor 40, the circuitry of the voice and alcohol testing devices incorporated by 10reference from U.S. patent applications 109,815 and 209,091, and a voice analyzer board manufactured by Ecoo Industries, Inc., 130 Carter Street, Danvers, M~
01923. The board operates in accordance with the procedure set ~orth in the flowchart o~ Fig. C.
15Re~rring to Fig. C, the opera~ion o~ the voice analyzer board of the voice tester 70 interacts with the other components of the HMU 20 to perform the following functions. A diyital word prompt output whlch is set each time the voice tester 70 prompts the user to say a word. The voice tester 70 generates a synthesized voice from stored data plus a beep to prompt the user to say the word. Stored data is programmed by the user saying the test words during enrollment. Up to 5 tes~ words are provided for.
These words are not per~anently stored in voice tester 70 but are determined at ti~e of enrollment from a list of words selected ~or proper operation. Test . . :,,.; :, .;, : ,: :.,:; : , .,.: .. ,;.: ,..: :, ::: : . : ::::, : .. ... .., .... : .. :.. . :: ~: :

: : : . :::- .... - .:. - . :. .: .: . . - ::.. ... -.. ... :.. :.:.. :. ::.. :.. ... :.. ..... ... : ... . .

WO90/13197 2 ~ a ~ 6 6 6 PCT/US90/02297 -55- 1`
words are prompted in an unpredictable order generated by a pseudo-random algorithm. The voice tester generates at least one word prompt after sufficient samples have been received to make a decision. The voice tester 70 may generate additional bogus word prompts.
The voice tester 70 sets an accept output to indicate that the person saying the words is the same person at the one enrolled since the voice chara~-teristics match. The tester 70 sets a reject output `
to indicate that the person sa~ing the words is not the same person as the one enrolled since the volce characterist~cs do not m~tch. A time-out output ls set to indicate that tho p~rson being t~tQ~ ~id not respond to the prompt by sayin~ the words wi~hin the time-out interval. The user is given two oppor-tunities to say each word in each try. After a time-out limit has been exceeded the first time, the user ls given a second prompt to say the same word.
After the second failure to supply a word, the time-out output is set and the test try is ended. -A test mode is also provided. In this mode, the setting a self-test output will indicate that the sys~em has performed diagnostics and has been found to be functional and is ready to analyze words. If enrollment has not been completed or if enrollment data is lost, the sel~-test output will not be set.

;, .

wv~o/13197 2 ~ PCT/~JS90/OZ297 In the enroll mode, self-test will be set regardless of lacking or unsatisfactory enrollment data, if all other conditions are sati~factory. The tester 70 has two manually selectable modes: a test mode and an enrollment mode.
The voice veri~ication module or board of the tester 70 has, as one of its purposes to verify the identity o~ a user taking an unsupervised breath alcohol test in order to prevent a breath sample being supplied by some other person. It is also used in a - home confinement system without alcohol testing capability. The voice tester 70 prompts the user to say certain prod~termined words and compares the charac~er~s~ic~ o~ the user's Voice again~t stQred data to dQtermine ~ it i~ the corr~ct person taking the voice test. The results of the voice comparison will be used to verify that the user is where he is supposed to be and to determine if the user will be allowed to take the breath test. The voice tester 70 interfaces with a microprocessor controller 40 which controls the overall process of voice verification and alcohol testing.
If the HMU 20 is operating from back-up power supplied by a battery, the voice tester 70 will not have power supplied except while it is actually performing its function. When outside electrical WO~)0/13197 2 0 ~16 S 6 PCT~US90/02297 power is available, the voice tester 70 is powered at all times. `
The voice tester 70 has two modes: test and i;~
enrollment. Enrollment consists o~ taking a number of voice samples to be analyzed and storing the results of ths analysis for future comparison. During enroll-ment, the user will be under the supervision of a trained instructor. The same microphone will be used during enrollment and resting and is contained within the mask 21. If a microphone is replaced, it will be - standard procedure to repeat the enrollment.
The sequence is shown as a flow chart in Fig. 9C. As shown in Fig. 9C, power ls applied to analyzer board. Between tests, the analy~ier board may be powered or power may be shuk down. To initiate the power up procedure, the controller 40 generates a pulse at a reset input. The tester 70 then performs tests to verify its software and hardware and will do the initial processing to be ready for analyzinrl words. At the end of the test and initialization, the self-test output signal level activates. If it does not within a specified self-test time interval, it will be considered that a malfunction has occurred.
While in the test mode, the self-test output does not activate unless complete and satisfactory enrollment data is stored. After the sel~-test output is set, a pulse or lnterrupt signal is applied to the start test wogo~3ls7 PCT/US90/02297 6~ ~
-58~
input of tha voice tes~er, and this pulse lasts until the first word prompt. The time between setting the self-test output and the pulse may be any t~me from zero to infinity. The tester waits for this pulse from the microprocessor 40 before proceeding.
After receiving the start test pu~se, the tester analyzer board yener~tes an audio output to prompt the user to say a randomly selected word. The audio output consists of a play-back of the word as supplied at enrollment time followed by a lO0 ms pause and a 100 ms beep. The prompt output will remain set until a word is uttered by the user or until a time-out limit is passed.
The tester board will per~orm analysis to determine whether there are su~ficient voice samples to make an accept or reject decision. If the tester does not have sufficient voice samples, prompt again.
This process will be repeated until the tester receives sufficient word samples to make a decision to accept or reject. When and if sufficient voice samples are received by the tester, it signals the result of the test by setting either its accept output or its reject output. If the decision is to reject, the test will end, the tes~er resets and performs no further processing until it receives a start test or reset pulse from the microprocessor 40.

W~90/l3~ 6 ~ g PCT/US90/02297 ,., ~
-59- ;
The tester will generate at least one bogus prompt after receiving sufficient voice samples for an ~ `
accept or rejection decision. The tester determine-s whether the speaker supplies a word, ~ut performs no other analysis. If the speaker does not supply a word within a time-out interval, the accept output resets.
If the voice sample is not supplied within the time-out interval, the tester will clear the prompt output.
If it is the first time that the user was prompted to say the word, the user is given another opportunity to say the same word. If it is the second time that the user has not supplied the word within the time limik, the test will be stopped and the t,ester sets its tlm~-out outpu~. When thi~ ~tate is reachcd, th~
tester does not perform any oth~r ~unations unt~
receives a start test or reset pulse from the micro-processor 40.
If a pulse from the microprocessor 40 is applied to the start test input at anytime during a ~-test, the test is aborted and the sequence will return to the start test function and the test will be repeated from the beginning. The tester responds by generaking a 100 millisecond abort ack pulse. The test may be aborted and restarted any number of times, without limit, as often as start test pulses are applied. The number of retries per test is set at 3 by the microprocessor 40.

:.. . . ., . . ... ., . ; . , ~ . .; . ; , . :, W09~/131~7 2 0 ~ PCTJUS90/02297 -60- :
If a start test pulse from the microproces-sor ~0 is applied after completion of a test, the sequence will go back to the start test position, accept, reject or time-out outputs will be cleared and the test will be repeated. The test may be repeated any number of times, without limit, as often as the start test pulses are received ~rom the microprocessor 40. If a reset pulse is applied after completion of a test or at any other time, the sequence will go back to the self-test and initialization point, all outputs will be cleared and the entire sequence will be repeated.
What is claimed is:

Claims (20)

1. A remote conflnement system comprising:
a central office;
a remote confinement location at which a specified prisoner is assigned for unsupervised confinement;
a transmitter having attached thereto means for securing said transmitter to the body of the specified prisoner, said transmitter including means for transmitting a signal carrying characteristic information of the identity of said transmitter;
a receiver at said remote location for receiving said signal from said transmitter when said prisoner is within proximity to said remote location;
a processor at said remote location including a memory device for storing a transmitter ID
code;
said processor including means for accepting transmitter identity information from said received signal, means for comparing said received information with a transmitter ID code stored in said storage device, and means for generating an output signal carrying the result of the comparison;
means for establishing a communications link between said remote location and said central office;
means for communicating an assigned trans-mitter ID code from said central office to said remote location corresponding to the characteristic informa-tion of the identity of said transmitter; and said processor including means for storing said assigned ID code in said storage device.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein:
said communicating means includes means at said remote location for establishing said communica-tions link in response to certain results of the comparison.

3. The system of claim 2 wherein:
said communication link is a telephone communications system and said communications link establishing means includes a dialer and means for transmitting the results of the comparison through said telephone system to said control office.

4. The system of claim 2 wherein:
said central office includes means located thereat for communicating the assigned transmitter ID
number to said remote location in reply to the estab-lishing of the communications link.

5. A remote confinement system comprising:
a central office;
a remote confinement location at which a specified prisoner is assigned for unsupervised confinement, a transmitter having attached thereto means for securing said transmitter to the body of the specified prisoner, said transmitter including means for transmitting a signal carrying characteristic information of the identity of said transmitter;
a receiver at said remote location for receiving said signal from said transmitter when said prisoner is within proximity to said remote location;
means at said central office for generating an alarm signal perceivable by a person in proximity to said remote location in response to the absence of a received signal from said transmitter by said receiver;
means for establishing a communications link between said remote location and said central office if said absence persists for a specified time after said alarm signal is generated.

6. The system of claim 5 wherein:
said communicating means includes means at said remote location for establishing said communica-tions link only if said absence persists for said specified time.

7. A remote confinement system comprising:
a central office;
a remote confinement location at which a specified prisoner is assigned for unsupervised confinement;
a plurality of means at said remote location each for performing a different unsupervised test for compliance by the prisoner with terms of his confine-ment;
means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information from said test; and means for establishing a communications link-between said remote location and said central office;
and means for communicating from said central office to said remote location information for selecting at least one of said tests to be performed;
and means at said remote location for activating corresponding test performing means so as to cause the performance of the tests selected.

8. The remote confinement system of claim 7 wherein one said test performing means comprises:
a transmitter having attached thereto means for securing said transmitter to the body of the specified prisoner, said transmitter including means for transmitting a signal carrying characteristic information of the identity of said transmitter; and a receiver at said remote location for receiving said signal from said transmitter when said prisoner is within proximity to said remote location.

9. The system of claim 7 wherein at least one of said test performing means includ? means for testing a person at said remote location for alcohol consumption.

10. The system of claim 9 further comprising means at said remote location for analyzing the voice of the person tested for alcohol consumption to determine whether the person is the specified prisoner.

11. The system of claim 7 wherein at least one of said test performing means includes means for verifying the identity of a person at the remote location as the specified prisoner.

12. The system of claim 7 wherein said informa-tion communicated from said central office includes information for scheduling said tests, and said system further comprises means at said remote location for initiating said selected test in response to said scheduling information.

13. A remote confinement system comprising:
a central office;
a remote confinement location at which a specified prisoner is assigned for unsupervised confinement;
means at said remote location for performing an unsupervised test on a person at said remote location for those effects on said person which a violation of a behavioral condition would produce on the person of the prisoner which would persist subse-quent to the violation;
means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information of said test;
means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information of the identify of the tested person:
means at said remote location for continu-ously monitoring the proximity of the specified prisoner to said remote location and means for gen-erating a monitor output signal responsive to certain monitored events; and means for transmitting said signals from said remote location to said central office.

14. The system of claim 13 wherein said test performing means includes means for testing said person for alcohol consumption.

15. The system of claim 13 wherein said identity information carrying signal generating means includes means for testing the voice of said person and to determine whether said person is the specified prisoner.

16. A remote confinement system comprising:
a central office;
a remote confinement location at which a specified prisoner is assigned for unsupervised confinement;
a transmitter having attached thereto means for securing said transmitter to the body of the specified prisoner, said transmitter including means for transmitting a signal carrying characteristic information of the identity of said transmitter;
a receiver at said remote location for receiving said signal from said transmitter when said prisoner is within proximity to said remote location;
means at said remote location for generating a signal carrying information of the identity of the tested person;
means for transmitting said signals from said remote location to said central office; and said signal generating means including means for deriving information related to a unique identifi-able characteristic from a sample of the voice of the tested person.

17. The system of claim 16 further comprising means for performing an automatic voice analysis of the voice sample of the tested person and comparing the results of the analysis with known voice data of the specified prisoner.

18. The system of claim 16 further comprising means at said remote location for storing a voice characteristic of the specified prisoner, means at said remote location for comparing the characteristic derived from the tested person with the known voice characteristic of the specified prisoner.

19. The remote confinement system of claim 16 further comprising:
a processor at said remote location including a memory device for storing a transmitter ID
code;
said processing including means for accepting transmitter identity information from said signal, comparing it with the transmitter ID code in said storage device, and generating an output signal carrying the result of the comparison;
means for establishing a communications link between said remote location and said central office;
and means for communicating an assigned trans-mitter ID code from said central office to said remote location corresponding to the characteristic informa-tion of the identity of said transmitter;
said processor including means for storing said assigned ID code in said storage device.

20. The remote confinement system of claim 16 further comprising:
means at said central office for generating an alarm signal perceivable by a person in proximity to said remote location in response to the absence of a received signal from said transmitter by said receiver;
means for establishing a communications link between said remote location and said central office if said absence persists for a specified time after said alarm signal is generated.