CA2069620C - Method and apparatus for preparation of solutions from concentrates - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for preparation of solutions from concentrates Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2069620C CA2069620C CA002069620A CA2069620A CA2069620C CA 2069620 C CA2069620 C CA 2069620C CA 002069620 A CA002069620 A CA 002069620A CA 2069620 A CA2069620 A CA 2069620A CA 2069620 C CA2069620 C CA 2069620C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- concentrate
- concentrates
- inlet port
- water
- detecting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1654—Dialysates therefor
- A61M1/1656—Apparatus for preparing dialysates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1654—Dialysates therefor
- A61M1/1656—Apparatus for preparing dialysates
- A61M1/1668—Details of containers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/28—Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
- A61M1/287—Dialysates therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
- B01F23/49—Mixing systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams
Abstract
An apparatus (10) for proportioning solutions from at least first and second constituent solutions connected to separate inlet ports (26) of the apparatus (10) first detects which constituent solution is being supplied to which port and then properly proportions the finished solution from the constituent solutions irrespective of which constituent solution is connected to which inlet port.
Description
METHOD AND APPARA-rUS FOR PREPARATION OF
SOLUTIONS FROM CONCENTRATES
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to the field of solution compounding. More specifically, it relates to an apparatus for compounding finished solutions from two or more constituent solutions particularly for use as a kidney dialysis solution.
BACKGROUND OF THE INDENTION
In the medical field alone, huge volumes of solutions are used everyday for uses such as wound irrigation, intravenous administrations, kidney dialysis, etc. Because of the problems inherent in the use of such large volumes of fluids, such as shipping, handling and storage, as well as sterile concerns, which tremendously complicate the other concerns, concentrates are often prepared which contain some or all of the non-liquid constituents of the finished solution. The concentrates are then diluted or proportioned with the appropriate liquid base, generally water, as close in time to the actual use of the solution as is practical. How close in time to actual use a finished solution may be proportioned is affected by a number of factors such as shelf-life of both the concentrate and the finished solution, various sterilization concerns, shipping and storing concerns, etc.
In the treatment of patients suffering acute or chronic renal insufficiency, dialysis therapy is employed. The t;~o general categories of dialysis therapy are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. In nemodialysis, the patient's blood is WO~ 92/05814 PCT/US91 /07130 cleansed by passage through an artificial kidney in an extracorporeul membrane system. in peritoneal dialysis, dialysis fluid is infused into the patient's peritoneal cavity. This cavity is lined by the peritoneal membrane which is highly vascularized. The metabolites are removed from the patient's blood by diffusion across the peritoneal membrane into the dialysis solution. Excess fluid, i.e, water is also removed by osmosis induced by a nypertonic dialysis solution.
Peritoneal dialysis generally requires large volumes of l0 dialyzing solution. Generally, at each application, or exchange, a given patient will infuse 2 to 3 liters of dialyzing solution into the peritoneal cavity. The solution is allowed to dwell for approximately 3-4 hours, at which time it is drained out and exchanged for fresh solution.
Generally, four such exchanges are performed daily.
Therefore, approximately 8 to 10 liters of dialyzing solution is required per day, 7 days a weeK, 365 days a year for each patient.
Dialysis solutions have traditionally been provided in sealed, sterilized form, ready for use. However, several substantial problems become immediately apparent. Shipping and storage of the sheer volume of fluids required is both tremendously inconvenient and expensive. Further, the repeated connection and disconnection of so many solution containers creates a very substantial risk of biological contamination at the point of connection. Additionally, tremendous amounts of waste material, in the form of empty containers and packaging, and their proper disposal are increasingly becoming matters of universal concern.
3o The traditional response to these problems is to use small volumes of concentrated dialysis solutions diluted with ultra pure water at the point of use. Generally, such concentrates are separated into (1) concentrated solutions WO 92/05814 PC'f/US91 /07130 containing the various appropriate electrolytes and a buffer and (2) concentrated solutions containing dextrose or another appropriate osmotic agent. The various reasons for separating the dialysis solution into two separate concentrates are well Known in the art and include a number of concerns relating to sterilization.
The compounding or proportioning of the concentrates with ultra pure water bacK into a finished, ready to use dialysis solution are generally aerformed by machine. Such machines require that the user attach the source of each concentrate to a particular inlet port on the proportioning aaparatus, which may be integrated into the dialysis machine itself.
Generally, if the concentrates are connected to the wrong ports, or improperly connected, or one or the other not connected at all, the machine will either produce incorrectly proportioned dialysis solution or will alarm.
One such prior art apparatus is disclosed in European publication number 311,848; filed September 29, 1988 in the name of Fresenius A~. The publication disclosed a hemodialysis machine incorporating a mixing arrangement which produces dialyzing fluid by mixing a concentrate with prepared water. Tne mixing arrangement employs a protective system independent of the mixing system which is based upon monitoring of the conductivity of the dialyzing fluid. The disclosed system employs conductivity measuring cells ,laced in the concentrate inlet lines to measure the conductivity of the concentrate coming into the machine and compare it with desired values of the conductivity of concentrates to be connected. In this way, the machine will "identify" if the appropriate concentrate is connected to the appropriate inlet port. If the wrong concentrate is attached to the machine or if two concentrate containers with different concentrates are incorrectly interchanged and each connected to the inlet port designated for the other, the mistake will be sensed and the machine will alarm. Coincidentally, the sensors disclosed in the publication also act as filling level sensors.
The primary problem.witn such a system is that it still requires that each concentrate be connected only to a particular inlet port of the dialysis machine. Therefore, the requirement for more complicated design, and hence more complicated manufacturing, remains because the appropriate inlet port for each concentrate must be somehow identified, color coded, or even uniquely designed to have a different shape or configuration from the other inlet port. While this prior art system may provide some increased measure of safety in avoiding improperly prepared dialysis solution, it does nothing to facilitate and simplify the proper connection of concentrates in the first place.
Moreover, automated peritoneal dialysis machines are increasingly being used by the dialysis patients themselves in their own homes to effect multiple exchanges of dialysis solutions into and out of their own peritoneal cavities, generally overnight. Tne individual patient/operator does not have the training and sophistication with the apparatus which is possessed by the nurse or technician. It is not uncommon for them to become confused when faced with complex machinery, particularly that one upon which their very life depends.
Further, while warnings in the event of improper attachment are vital, dialysis patients are often generally quite physically deoilitated. These patients often suffer from inter alia, decreased strength and fine motor control in their hands making proper connection of the concentrate solutions, let alone repeated disconnection and reconnection of improper connections, much more difficult than for the trained professional. Their vision is often im,~aired, further contributing to the likelihood of improper connections.
What is needed is an improved apparatus that will accept the connection of each concentrate at any concentrate inlet port and still properly proportion the finished dialysis ~ solution.
SUMMHRY OF THE INDENTION
The present invention provides an apparatus for compounding solutions from two or more constituent concentrates and water. The apparatus automatically identifies wnich concentrate is connected to each inlet port of the apparatus and then automatically compounds or proportions the finished solution properly from the concentrates and water irrespective of the inlet port to which each concentrate is connected.
In the case of the automated generation of solutions for Kidney dialysis, concentrates are commonly employed wnich have either a nearly zero or relatively high conductivity. The solutions can tie attached to the inlet ports of the compounding apparatus in any sequence and to any inlet port.
The apparatus separately senses the conductivity of each of the concentrates and compares each to Known values. Based on 15 the information collected, the compounding a,~paratus proceeds to properly proportion the finished dialysis solution from the two concentrates and a source of water.
The present invention frees the patient from the responsibility of ensuring that the correct constituent concentrate is attached to a specific apparatus inlet port.
Allowing such random attachment for the first time in the art is particularly advantageous for the patients and especially those who are visually impaired. The patient is not only protected from connecting the wrong concentrate to the wrong port, but, even more importantly, for the first time the machine is designed to be far more mistaKe proof by accepting random connection of concentrates.
Instrument design and manufacture is significantly simplified. For example, the need for the concentrate inlet ports to be uniquely configured, color coded, or otherwise differentiated from one another to identify which concentrate must be connected to which port, as is common in prior art designs, is completely negated. Furthermore, the patient is also protected from connecting two of the same concentrates to the ports or forgetting to connect one or both.
Other aspects of this invention are as follows:
An apparatus for proportioning solutions from water and at least first and second concentrates comprising:
a. proportioning apparatus having at least first and second inlet ports;
b. means for supplying water to said apparatus;
c. at least one source of said first concentrate in fluid connection with said first inlet port and at least one source of said second concentrate in fluid connection with said second inlet port; and d. means for detecting which concentrate is supplied to each of said inlet ports, and characterized by means for adapting said apparatus to properly compound said solution according to predetermined parameters from said concentrates and said water irrespective of the particular inlet port to which each said concentrate is connected from said respective sources.
An apparatus for proportioning finished solutions from at least first and second concentrates, said first concentrate having a low conductivity and said second concentrate having a high conductivity, said apparatus comprising:
a. a compounding apparatus having at least first and second inlet ports;
-6a-b. a first source of said first concentrate in fluid connection with said first inlet port and a second source of said second concentrate in fluid connection with said second inlet port;
c. means for separately detecting which solution is supplied to each of said inlet ports, and characterized by means for adapting said machine to properly proportion said finished solution according to predetermined parameters from said first and second concentrates irrespective of the particular inlet port to which each is supplied from said respective sources.
An apparatus for proportioning dialysis solutions from water and at least first and second concentrates comprising:
a. a proportioning machine having at least first and second inlet ports;
b. at least one source of water connected to said apparatus;
c. at least one source of said first concentrate in fluid connection with said first inlet port and at least one source of said second concentrate in fluid connection with said second inlet port;
d. means for separately detecting which concentrate is supplied to each of said inlet ports, and characterized by means for adapting said apparatus to properly proportion said solution from said concentrates and said water irrespective of the particular inlet port to which each is connected from said respective sources.
A dialysis machine having multiple inlet ports and means for proportioning dialysis solutions from at least two concentrates and water supplied to different of said inlet ports, and comprising in combination;
means for detecting which concentrate is supplied to each said inlet port, and characterized by means for automatically adapting said machine to properly proportion said solutions from said concentrates and said water regardless of which concentrate is supplied to which inlet port.
-6b-BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a proportioning apparatus according to the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention provides an apparatus for compounding or proportioning a finished solution from at least two concentrates and water. It is designed to allow connection of each of the concentrates in any order and to any inlet port on the apparatus. The invention will be described below in the context of a system particularly adapted to prepare a finished solution for peritoneal dialysis from two concentrates and sterile water. It will be appreciated that this is to be considered a preferred embodiment only and not limiting to the scope of the invention. The invention is equally applicable and readily adaptable to compounding other types of solutions for use within and without the medical field and to such solutions whether they be compounded from two or more concentrates.
Referring now to Figure 1, there is represented a schematic diagram of the apparatus 10 of the present invention. Apparatus 10 includes a source of water 12 and ,.....
_7_ sources 14 and 16 of at least two concentrates from which, with the addition of water from source 12, the final solution will be compounded. For purposes of the present discussion, the final solution to be compounded will be a peritoneal dialysis solution as supplied by Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, Illinois under the designation PD-1.
Baxter's PD-1 solution is formulated from two concentrates having the following compositions.
Concentrate 1 11.34 g/1U0m1 Sodium Chloride 7.84 g/1U0m1 Sodium Lactate 514 mg/100m1 Calcium Chloride 304 mg/100m1 Magnesium Chloride adjusted to a pH of approximately 6.4 Concentrate 2 50% dextrose Each of the concentrates is prepared to require dilution of approximately 1 to 20, ie. 1 part concentrate to 19 parts water, for preparation of the finished solution. The relative amounts of each of the two concentrates will be adjusted depending upon the desired dextrose composition of the finished solution. For example, if a finished solution containing 2.5% dextrose is desired, equal parts of the two concentrates would be used. Une of sKill in the art will readily aapreciate how to adjust the relative amounts of each of two concentrates tv tie mixed and then diluted with water to arrive at the desired composition of the finished solution.
Water source 12 preferably may be a direct plumbing connection with in line equipment for sterilizing the water, such as oy reverse osmosis, or any other type of water source 2C,°~~
_8_ appropriate to the particular application. The two concentrate sources 14 and 16 may take any convenient and appropriate form such as two liter or larger containers of any particular desired diluent.
Each of water source 12 and concentrate sources 14 and 16 are connected through valves 18, 20 and 22 respectively to water inlet port 24, and concentrate inlet ports 26 of the proportioner 28. It is intended that concentrate inlet ports 26 will be identical to one another so that either of concentrate sources 14 or 16 may be connected to either of concentrate inlet ports 26. Additionally, the apparatus may include more than two inlet ports if the apparatus is to tie used to proportion a solution from more than two concentrates.
Two detectors 30 and 32 are located downstream of the proportioner 28 and between the proportioner 28 and the dialysis apparatus 34 whicn ultimately delivers the finished solution to the patient. In the preferred embodiment, detectors 30 and 32 are conductivity cells and proportioner 28 includes a microprocessor with sufficient capacity to store reference conductivity values for each concentrate and the finished solution as well as software to control all automated functions of the apparatus lU. The inventors have found that a conductivity cell suNplied by Thornton Associates, Waltham, Mass. under part number 212-4-O1, series 212 worKS well in this application.
In the operation of the apparatus 10, a sample from first one concentrate source is collected by the apparatus, mixed with water and then pumped past first conductivity cell 30.
The conductivity is sensed, compared to the reference values, and if found to be within acceptable parameters, stored in the microprocessor's random access memory along with the identification of the inlet port to which it is connected.
Next the conductivity cell 30 flushed with purified water.
....
2C~~~~ ~>~
Next, a sample from the other concentrate source is collected by th~c uppdrutta5, Ti7Xed with water and then pumped Nast the first conductivity cell 30. The conductivity is sensed, compared to the reference values for the other concentrate, and if found to be within acceptable parameters, stored along with the identification of the inlet port to which it is connected.
In the preferred embodiment, the electrolyte concentrate exhibits a very nigh conductivity. Tne dextrose concentrate exhibits virtually zero conductivity. Thus, the instrument looKS for one sample batch with a near zero conductivity and the other with a high conductivity. As noted above, the particular inlet port associated with each conductivity is also stored.
If concentrate solutions of the proper conductivities are sensed, the identities of the concentrates by their respective conductivities are assigned by the apparatus to the respective inlet ports from which each was obtained and stored in RAM to ensure proper proportioning of the finished solution for the duration of that particular dialysis treatment session. The machine then proceeds to prepare batches from each concentrate in predetermined volumes as needed and mix them together in the proportioner 28 to form a finished, read,/-to-use peritoneal dialysis solution.
Measurement of any combination of conductivities other than as predetermined, such as the high and near zero values designated in this embodiment, would result in the machine sounding an alarm and failing to prepare and deliver finished solution to the patient. Detection of such a combination of conductivities would mean that either identical solutions were connected to each inlet or only one concentrate was connected to an inlet. Tne patient/operator would be instructed in correcting the problem such as via a message disalay.
SOLUTIONS FROM CONCENTRATES
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to the field of solution compounding. More specifically, it relates to an apparatus for compounding finished solutions from two or more constituent solutions particularly for use as a kidney dialysis solution.
BACKGROUND OF THE INDENTION
In the medical field alone, huge volumes of solutions are used everyday for uses such as wound irrigation, intravenous administrations, kidney dialysis, etc. Because of the problems inherent in the use of such large volumes of fluids, such as shipping, handling and storage, as well as sterile concerns, which tremendously complicate the other concerns, concentrates are often prepared which contain some or all of the non-liquid constituents of the finished solution. The concentrates are then diluted or proportioned with the appropriate liquid base, generally water, as close in time to the actual use of the solution as is practical. How close in time to actual use a finished solution may be proportioned is affected by a number of factors such as shelf-life of both the concentrate and the finished solution, various sterilization concerns, shipping and storing concerns, etc.
In the treatment of patients suffering acute or chronic renal insufficiency, dialysis therapy is employed. The t;~o general categories of dialysis therapy are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. In nemodialysis, the patient's blood is WO~ 92/05814 PCT/US91 /07130 cleansed by passage through an artificial kidney in an extracorporeul membrane system. in peritoneal dialysis, dialysis fluid is infused into the patient's peritoneal cavity. This cavity is lined by the peritoneal membrane which is highly vascularized. The metabolites are removed from the patient's blood by diffusion across the peritoneal membrane into the dialysis solution. Excess fluid, i.e, water is also removed by osmosis induced by a nypertonic dialysis solution.
Peritoneal dialysis generally requires large volumes of l0 dialyzing solution. Generally, at each application, or exchange, a given patient will infuse 2 to 3 liters of dialyzing solution into the peritoneal cavity. The solution is allowed to dwell for approximately 3-4 hours, at which time it is drained out and exchanged for fresh solution.
Generally, four such exchanges are performed daily.
Therefore, approximately 8 to 10 liters of dialyzing solution is required per day, 7 days a weeK, 365 days a year for each patient.
Dialysis solutions have traditionally been provided in sealed, sterilized form, ready for use. However, several substantial problems become immediately apparent. Shipping and storage of the sheer volume of fluids required is both tremendously inconvenient and expensive. Further, the repeated connection and disconnection of so many solution containers creates a very substantial risk of biological contamination at the point of connection. Additionally, tremendous amounts of waste material, in the form of empty containers and packaging, and their proper disposal are increasingly becoming matters of universal concern.
3o The traditional response to these problems is to use small volumes of concentrated dialysis solutions diluted with ultra pure water at the point of use. Generally, such concentrates are separated into (1) concentrated solutions WO 92/05814 PC'f/US91 /07130 containing the various appropriate electrolytes and a buffer and (2) concentrated solutions containing dextrose or another appropriate osmotic agent. The various reasons for separating the dialysis solution into two separate concentrates are well Known in the art and include a number of concerns relating to sterilization.
The compounding or proportioning of the concentrates with ultra pure water bacK into a finished, ready to use dialysis solution are generally aerformed by machine. Such machines require that the user attach the source of each concentrate to a particular inlet port on the proportioning aaparatus, which may be integrated into the dialysis machine itself.
Generally, if the concentrates are connected to the wrong ports, or improperly connected, or one or the other not connected at all, the machine will either produce incorrectly proportioned dialysis solution or will alarm.
One such prior art apparatus is disclosed in European publication number 311,848; filed September 29, 1988 in the name of Fresenius A~. The publication disclosed a hemodialysis machine incorporating a mixing arrangement which produces dialyzing fluid by mixing a concentrate with prepared water. Tne mixing arrangement employs a protective system independent of the mixing system which is based upon monitoring of the conductivity of the dialyzing fluid. The disclosed system employs conductivity measuring cells ,laced in the concentrate inlet lines to measure the conductivity of the concentrate coming into the machine and compare it with desired values of the conductivity of concentrates to be connected. In this way, the machine will "identify" if the appropriate concentrate is connected to the appropriate inlet port. If the wrong concentrate is attached to the machine or if two concentrate containers with different concentrates are incorrectly interchanged and each connected to the inlet port designated for the other, the mistake will be sensed and the machine will alarm. Coincidentally, the sensors disclosed in the publication also act as filling level sensors.
The primary problem.witn such a system is that it still requires that each concentrate be connected only to a particular inlet port of the dialysis machine. Therefore, the requirement for more complicated design, and hence more complicated manufacturing, remains because the appropriate inlet port for each concentrate must be somehow identified, color coded, or even uniquely designed to have a different shape or configuration from the other inlet port. While this prior art system may provide some increased measure of safety in avoiding improperly prepared dialysis solution, it does nothing to facilitate and simplify the proper connection of concentrates in the first place.
Moreover, automated peritoneal dialysis machines are increasingly being used by the dialysis patients themselves in their own homes to effect multiple exchanges of dialysis solutions into and out of their own peritoneal cavities, generally overnight. Tne individual patient/operator does not have the training and sophistication with the apparatus which is possessed by the nurse or technician. It is not uncommon for them to become confused when faced with complex machinery, particularly that one upon which their very life depends.
Further, while warnings in the event of improper attachment are vital, dialysis patients are often generally quite physically deoilitated. These patients often suffer from inter alia, decreased strength and fine motor control in their hands making proper connection of the concentrate solutions, let alone repeated disconnection and reconnection of improper connections, much more difficult than for the trained professional. Their vision is often im,~aired, further contributing to the likelihood of improper connections.
What is needed is an improved apparatus that will accept the connection of each concentrate at any concentrate inlet port and still properly proportion the finished dialysis ~ solution.
SUMMHRY OF THE INDENTION
The present invention provides an apparatus for compounding solutions from two or more constituent concentrates and water. The apparatus automatically identifies wnich concentrate is connected to each inlet port of the apparatus and then automatically compounds or proportions the finished solution properly from the concentrates and water irrespective of the inlet port to which each concentrate is connected.
In the case of the automated generation of solutions for Kidney dialysis, concentrates are commonly employed wnich have either a nearly zero or relatively high conductivity. The solutions can tie attached to the inlet ports of the compounding apparatus in any sequence and to any inlet port.
The apparatus separately senses the conductivity of each of the concentrates and compares each to Known values. Based on 15 the information collected, the compounding a,~paratus proceeds to properly proportion the finished dialysis solution from the two concentrates and a source of water.
The present invention frees the patient from the responsibility of ensuring that the correct constituent concentrate is attached to a specific apparatus inlet port.
Allowing such random attachment for the first time in the art is particularly advantageous for the patients and especially those who are visually impaired. The patient is not only protected from connecting the wrong concentrate to the wrong port, but, even more importantly, for the first time the machine is designed to be far more mistaKe proof by accepting random connection of concentrates.
Instrument design and manufacture is significantly simplified. For example, the need for the concentrate inlet ports to be uniquely configured, color coded, or otherwise differentiated from one another to identify which concentrate must be connected to which port, as is common in prior art designs, is completely negated. Furthermore, the patient is also protected from connecting two of the same concentrates to the ports or forgetting to connect one or both.
Other aspects of this invention are as follows:
An apparatus for proportioning solutions from water and at least first and second concentrates comprising:
a. proportioning apparatus having at least first and second inlet ports;
b. means for supplying water to said apparatus;
c. at least one source of said first concentrate in fluid connection with said first inlet port and at least one source of said second concentrate in fluid connection with said second inlet port; and d. means for detecting which concentrate is supplied to each of said inlet ports, and characterized by means for adapting said apparatus to properly compound said solution according to predetermined parameters from said concentrates and said water irrespective of the particular inlet port to which each said concentrate is connected from said respective sources.
An apparatus for proportioning finished solutions from at least first and second concentrates, said first concentrate having a low conductivity and said second concentrate having a high conductivity, said apparatus comprising:
a. a compounding apparatus having at least first and second inlet ports;
-6a-b. a first source of said first concentrate in fluid connection with said first inlet port and a second source of said second concentrate in fluid connection with said second inlet port;
c. means for separately detecting which solution is supplied to each of said inlet ports, and characterized by means for adapting said machine to properly proportion said finished solution according to predetermined parameters from said first and second concentrates irrespective of the particular inlet port to which each is supplied from said respective sources.
An apparatus for proportioning dialysis solutions from water and at least first and second concentrates comprising:
a. a proportioning machine having at least first and second inlet ports;
b. at least one source of water connected to said apparatus;
c. at least one source of said first concentrate in fluid connection with said first inlet port and at least one source of said second concentrate in fluid connection with said second inlet port;
d. means for separately detecting which concentrate is supplied to each of said inlet ports, and characterized by means for adapting said apparatus to properly proportion said solution from said concentrates and said water irrespective of the particular inlet port to which each is connected from said respective sources.
A dialysis machine having multiple inlet ports and means for proportioning dialysis solutions from at least two concentrates and water supplied to different of said inlet ports, and comprising in combination;
means for detecting which concentrate is supplied to each said inlet port, and characterized by means for automatically adapting said machine to properly proportion said solutions from said concentrates and said water regardless of which concentrate is supplied to which inlet port.
-6b-BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a proportioning apparatus according to the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention provides an apparatus for compounding or proportioning a finished solution from at least two concentrates and water. It is designed to allow connection of each of the concentrates in any order and to any inlet port on the apparatus. The invention will be described below in the context of a system particularly adapted to prepare a finished solution for peritoneal dialysis from two concentrates and sterile water. It will be appreciated that this is to be considered a preferred embodiment only and not limiting to the scope of the invention. The invention is equally applicable and readily adaptable to compounding other types of solutions for use within and without the medical field and to such solutions whether they be compounded from two or more concentrates.
Referring now to Figure 1, there is represented a schematic diagram of the apparatus 10 of the present invention. Apparatus 10 includes a source of water 12 and ,.....
_7_ sources 14 and 16 of at least two concentrates from which, with the addition of water from source 12, the final solution will be compounded. For purposes of the present discussion, the final solution to be compounded will be a peritoneal dialysis solution as supplied by Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, Illinois under the designation PD-1.
Baxter's PD-1 solution is formulated from two concentrates having the following compositions.
Concentrate 1 11.34 g/1U0m1 Sodium Chloride 7.84 g/1U0m1 Sodium Lactate 514 mg/100m1 Calcium Chloride 304 mg/100m1 Magnesium Chloride adjusted to a pH of approximately 6.4 Concentrate 2 50% dextrose Each of the concentrates is prepared to require dilution of approximately 1 to 20, ie. 1 part concentrate to 19 parts water, for preparation of the finished solution. The relative amounts of each of the two concentrates will be adjusted depending upon the desired dextrose composition of the finished solution. For example, if a finished solution containing 2.5% dextrose is desired, equal parts of the two concentrates would be used. Une of sKill in the art will readily aapreciate how to adjust the relative amounts of each of two concentrates tv tie mixed and then diluted with water to arrive at the desired composition of the finished solution.
Water source 12 preferably may be a direct plumbing connection with in line equipment for sterilizing the water, such as oy reverse osmosis, or any other type of water source 2C,°~~
_8_ appropriate to the particular application. The two concentrate sources 14 and 16 may take any convenient and appropriate form such as two liter or larger containers of any particular desired diluent.
Each of water source 12 and concentrate sources 14 and 16 are connected through valves 18, 20 and 22 respectively to water inlet port 24, and concentrate inlet ports 26 of the proportioner 28. It is intended that concentrate inlet ports 26 will be identical to one another so that either of concentrate sources 14 or 16 may be connected to either of concentrate inlet ports 26. Additionally, the apparatus may include more than two inlet ports if the apparatus is to tie used to proportion a solution from more than two concentrates.
Two detectors 30 and 32 are located downstream of the proportioner 28 and between the proportioner 28 and the dialysis apparatus 34 whicn ultimately delivers the finished solution to the patient. In the preferred embodiment, detectors 30 and 32 are conductivity cells and proportioner 28 includes a microprocessor with sufficient capacity to store reference conductivity values for each concentrate and the finished solution as well as software to control all automated functions of the apparatus lU. The inventors have found that a conductivity cell suNplied by Thornton Associates, Waltham, Mass. under part number 212-4-O1, series 212 worKS well in this application.
In the operation of the apparatus 10, a sample from first one concentrate source is collected by the apparatus, mixed with water and then pumped past first conductivity cell 30.
The conductivity is sensed, compared to the reference values, and if found to be within acceptable parameters, stored in the microprocessor's random access memory along with the identification of the inlet port to which it is connected.
Next the conductivity cell 30 flushed with purified water.
....
2C~~~~ ~>~
Next, a sample from the other concentrate source is collected by th~c uppdrutta5, Ti7Xed with water and then pumped Nast the first conductivity cell 30. The conductivity is sensed, compared to the reference values for the other concentrate, and if found to be within acceptable parameters, stored along with the identification of the inlet port to which it is connected.
In the preferred embodiment, the electrolyte concentrate exhibits a very nigh conductivity. Tne dextrose concentrate exhibits virtually zero conductivity. Thus, the instrument looKS for one sample batch with a near zero conductivity and the other with a high conductivity. As noted above, the particular inlet port associated with each conductivity is also stored.
If concentrate solutions of the proper conductivities are sensed, the identities of the concentrates by their respective conductivities are assigned by the apparatus to the respective inlet ports from which each was obtained and stored in RAM to ensure proper proportioning of the finished solution for the duration of that particular dialysis treatment session. The machine then proceeds to prepare batches from each concentrate in predetermined volumes as needed and mix them together in the proportioner 28 to form a finished, read,/-to-use peritoneal dialysis solution.
Measurement of any combination of conductivities other than as predetermined, such as the high and near zero values designated in this embodiment, would result in the machine sounding an alarm and failing to prepare and deliver finished solution to the patient. Detection of such a combination of conductivities would mean that either identical solutions were connected to each inlet or only one concentrate was connected to an inlet. Tne patient/operator would be instructed in correcting the problem such as via a message disalay.
2~'~~,~'~!f~ -10-It should be noted that in the preferred embodiment, not only are the conductivities of each of the test batches measured and compared to reference values, but the conductivity of the finished solution is also monitored as the solution leaves proportioner 28. Further, as illustrated in Figure 1, in the preferred embodiment a second conductivity cell 32 is included downstream of first cell 30. The second cell 32 is employed as a safeguard against problems due to deterioration of first cell 30. The output of each cell is preferably monitored continuously and checked against each other and the reference values stored in the microprocessor.
In the preferred embodiment, apparatus 10 is intended to be included in an apparatus for performing peritoneal dialysis. However, a proportioning apparatus such as described above could be incorporated into a hemodialysis machine, other type of fluid handling apparatus, or even employed as a stand alone device to generate properly proportioned fluids from concentrates for a broad range of applications.
The invention may be practiced other than precisely as described without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. For example, a number of well known types of detectors or sensors could be substituted for the preferred conductivity cells as appropriate and such substitution would be well within the knowledge of one of ordinary sKill in the art.
Among those sensors which might be considered appropriate for a given application and which could be readily substituted for conductivity cells are pH sensors, ion-specific field effect transistors, and infra red, soft neutron, ultrasonic, and ultra violet spectroscopic sensors. One of skill in the art could also employ nuclear magnetic resonance to sense an appropriate characteristic of a given concentrate. The choice 11 ;~'G~'~i~'~~~
of sensor is not limited by the invention and one of ordinary stcill in the art will readily appreciate how to apply other sensors. The choice of sensor might be dictated by, inter ~ alia, whether the particular concentrates being proportioned are best detected by cnemical, optical, electrical or nuclear means.
In the preferred embodiment, apparatus 10 is intended to be included in an apparatus for performing peritoneal dialysis. However, a proportioning apparatus such as described above could be incorporated into a hemodialysis machine, other type of fluid handling apparatus, or even employed as a stand alone device to generate properly proportioned fluids from concentrates for a broad range of applications.
The invention may be practiced other than precisely as described without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. For example, a number of well known types of detectors or sensors could be substituted for the preferred conductivity cells as appropriate and such substitution would be well within the knowledge of one of ordinary sKill in the art.
Among those sensors which might be considered appropriate for a given application and which could be readily substituted for conductivity cells are pH sensors, ion-specific field effect transistors, and infra red, soft neutron, ultrasonic, and ultra violet spectroscopic sensors. One of skill in the art could also employ nuclear magnetic resonance to sense an appropriate characteristic of a given concentrate. The choice 11 ;~'G~'~i~'~~~
of sensor is not limited by the invention and one of ordinary stcill in the art will readily appreciate how to apply other sensors. The choice of sensor might be dictated by, inter ~ alia, whether the particular concentrates being proportioned are best detected by cnemical, optical, electrical or nuclear means.
Claims (10)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An apparatus for proportioning solutions from water and at least first and second concentrates comprising:
a. proportioning apparatus having at least first and second inlet ports;
b. means for supplying water to said apparatus;
c. at least one source of said first concentrate in fluid connection with said first inlet port and at least one source of said second concentrate in fluid connection with said second inlet port; and d. means for detecting which concentrate is supplied to each of said inlet ports, and characterized by means for adapting said apparatus to properly compound said solution according to predetermined parameters from said concentrates and said water irrespective of the particular inlet port to which each said concentrate is connected from said respective sources.
a. proportioning apparatus having at least first and second inlet ports;
b. means for supplying water to said apparatus;
c. at least one source of said first concentrate in fluid connection with said first inlet port and at least one source of said second concentrate in fluid connection with said second inlet port; and d. means for detecting which concentrate is supplied to each of said inlet ports, and characterized by means for adapting said apparatus to properly compound said solution according to predetermined parameters from said concentrates and said water irrespective of the particular inlet port to which each said concentrate is connected from said respective sources.
2. An apparatus for proportioning finished solutions from at least first and second concentrates, said first concentrate having a low conductivity and said second concentrate having a high conductivity, said apparatus comprising:
a. a compounding apparatus having at least first and second inlet ports;
b. a first source of said first concentrate in fluid connection with said first inlet port and a second source of said second concentrate in fluid connection with said second inlet port;
c. means for separately detecting which solution is supplied to each of said inlet ports, and characterized by means for adapting said machine to properly proportion said finished solution according to predetermined parameters from said first and second concentrates irrespective of the particular inlet port to which each is supplied from said respective sources.
a. a compounding apparatus having at least first and second inlet ports;
b. a first source of said first concentrate in fluid connection with said first inlet port and a second source of said second concentrate in fluid connection with said second inlet port;
c. means for separately detecting which solution is supplied to each of said inlet ports, and characterized by means for adapting said machine to properly proportion said finished solution according to predetermined parameters from said first and second concentrates irrespective of the particular inlet port to which each is supplied from said respective sources.
3. An apparatus for proportioning dialysis solutions from water and at least first and second concentrates comprising:
a. a proportioning machine having at least first and second inlet ports;
b. at least one source of water connected to said apparatus;
c. at least one source of said first concentrate in fluid connection with said first inlet port and at least one source of said second concentrate in fluid connection with said second inlet port;
d. means for separately detecting which concentrate is supplied to each of said inlet ports, and characterized by means for adapting said apparatus to properly proportion said solution from said concentrates and said water irrespective of the particular inlet port to which each is connected from said respective sources.
a. a proportioning machine having at least first and second inlet ports;
b. at least one source of water connected to said apparatus;
c. at least one source of said first concentrate in fluid connection with said first inlet port and at least one source of said second concentrate in fluid connection with said second inlet port;
d. means for separately detecting which concentrate is supplied to each of said inlet ports, and characterized by means for adapting said apparatus to properly proportion said solution from said concentrates and said water irrespective of the particular inlet port to which each is connected from said respective sources.
4. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein said detecting means includes means for detecting the conductivity of each said concentrate entering each of said inlet ports.
5. The apparatus for claim 4 wherein said detecting means includes means for comparing said conductivities to predetermined conductivities.
6. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 wherein said detecting means includes means for detecting the pH of concentrates entering each of said inlet ports.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said detecting means further includes means for comparing each said pH to predetermined values for each pH.
8. A dialysis machine having multiple inlet ports and means for proportioning dialysis solutions from at least two concentrates and water supplied to different of said inlet ports, and comprising in combination;
means for detecting which concentrate is supplied to each said inlet port, and characterized by means for automatically adapting said machine to properly proportion said solutions from said concentrates and said water regardless of which concentrate is supplied to which inlet port.
means for detecting which concentrate is supplied to each said inlet port, and characterized by means for automatically adapting said machine to properly proportion said solutions from said concentrates and said water regardless of which concentrate is supplied to which inlet port.
9. The dialysis machine of claim 8 wherein said detecting means includes means for separately detecting the conductivity of each said concentrate entering each of said inlet ports and comparing said conductivities to predetermined conductivities.
10. The dialysis machine of claim 9 wherein said detecting means includes means for separately determining the pH of each said concentrate entering each of said inlet ports and comparing each said pH to predetermined pH values.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US7/590,420 | 1990-09-28 | ||
| US07/590,420 US5344392A (en) | 1990-09-28 | 1990-09-28 | Method and apparatus for preparation of solutions from concentrates |
| PCT/US1991/007130 WO1992005814A1 (en) | 1990-09-28 | 1991-09-27 | Method and apparatus for preparation of solutions from concentrates |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2069620A1 CA2069620A1 (en) | 1992-03-29 |
| CA2069620C true CA2069620C (en) | 2001-04-10 |
Family
ID=24362202
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002069620A Expired - Fee Related CA2069620C (en) | 1990-09-28 | 1991-09-27 | Method and apparatus for preparation of solutions from concentrates |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5344392A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0503047B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2969229B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU640832B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2069620C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69109850T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0503047T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2075469T3 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO301363B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1992005814A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (51)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5486286A (en) * | 1991-04-19 | 1996-01-23 | Althin Medical, Inc. | Apparatus for performing a self-test of kidney dialysis membrane |
| SE9103395D0 (en) * | 1991-11-18 | 1991-11-18 | Gambro Ab | SYSTEM USING ENSTERIL MEDICAL SOLUTION CONTAINING GLUCOSE OR GLUCOSE-LIKE SUBSTANCES AND A SOLUTION INTENDED FOR THIS SYSTEM |
| FR2687307B1 (en) * | 1992-02-14 | 1999-06-04 | Lascombes Jean Jacques | DEVICE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A SOLUTION FOR MEDICAL USE. |
| US5622626A (en) * | 1994-04-15 | 1997-04-22 | Pall Corporation | Multiple compartment filter and method for processing parenteral fluid |
| DE4422100C1 (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1995-12-14 | Fresenius Ag | Flexible medical packaging unit for haemodialysis |
| US5591344A (en) * | 1995-02-13 | 1997-01-07 | Aksys, Ltd. | Hot water disinfection of dialysis machines, including the extracorporeal circuit thereof |
| JP3706390B2 (en) * | 1995-03-29 | 2005-10-12 | 東亜ディーケーケー株式会社 | Method for measuring concentration of non-electrolyte in electrolyte solution, method for preparing mixed solution containing electrolyte and non-electrolyte, and preparation device |
| US5925011A (en) * | 1995-08-30 | 1999-07-20 | Baxter International Inc. | System and method for providing sterile fluids for admixed solutions in automated peritoneal dialysis |
| JP3526690B2 (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 2004-05-17 | 富雄 太田 | Extracorporeal circulation device for separate cooling method |
| US6228047B1 (en) * | 1997-07-28 | 2001-05-08 | 1274515 Ontario Inc. | Method and apparatus for performing peritoneal dialysis |
| US6626857B1 (en) | 1998-11-19 | 2003-09-30 | Tomio Ohta | Extracorporeal circulation device and method for isolation temperature control method |
| JP3688998B2 (en) | 1999-02-10 | 2005-08-31 | 富雄 太田 | Bloodless treatment device |
| SK288222B6 (en) * | 2000-12-14 | 2014-09-04 | Ortho-Mcneil Pharmaceutical, Inc. | Steroid hormonal preparations and production thereof |
| US8029454B2 (en) | 2003-11-05 | 2011-10-04 | Baxter International Inc. | High convection home hemodialysis/hemofiltration and sorbent system |
| US7955504B1 (en) | 2004-10-06 | 2011-06-07 | State Of Oregon Acting By And Through The State Board Of Higher Education On Behalf Of Oregon State University | Microfluidic devices, particularly filtration devices comprising polymeric membranes, and method for their manufacture and use |
| US8870811B2 (en) | 2006-08-31 | 2014-10-28 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | Peritoneal dialysis systems and related methods |
| MX345516B (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2017-02-02 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings Inc | Solutions, dialysates, and related methods. |
| US7892197B2 (en) | 2007-09-19 | 2011-02-22 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | Automatic prime of an extracorporeal blood circuit |
| US8168063B2 (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2012-05-01 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysis system having filtering method for determining therapy prescriptions |
| US9514283B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2016-12-06 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysis system having inventory management including online dextrose mixing |
| US8062513B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2011-11-22 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysis system and machine having therapy prescription recall |
| US8057679B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2011-11-15 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysis system having trending and alert generation |
| US7981281B2 (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2011-07-19 | Baxter International, Inc. | Dialysis system having regimen generation methodology |
| US8282829B2 (en) | 2009-05-20 | 2012-10-09 | Baxter International Inc. | System and method for automated data collection of twenty-four hour ultrafiltration and other patient parameters using wired or wireless technology |
| US8926551B2 (en) * | 2009-07-07 | 2015-01-06 | Baxter Healthcare Inc. | Peritoneal dialysis therapy with large dialysis solution volumes |
| JP5423318B2 (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2014-02-19 | ニプロ株式会社 | Dialysate concentration monitoring device and operating method thereof |
| US8753515B2 (en) | 2009-12-05 | 2014-06-17 | Home Dialysis Plus, Ltd. | Dialysis system with ultrafiltration control |
| US8580161B2 (en) | 2010-05-04 | 2013-11-12 | State Of Oregon Acting By And Through The State Board Of Higher Education On Behalf Of Oregon State University | Fluidic devices comprising photocontrollable units |
| US8501009B2 (en) | 2010-06-07 | 2013-08-06 | State Of Oregon Acting By And Through The State Board Of Higher Education On Behalf Of Oregon State University | Fluid purification system |
| EP3524288A3 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2019-11-20 | NxStage Medical Inc. | Peritoneal dialysis systems |
| US9861733B2 (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2018-01-09 | Nxstage Medical Inc. | Peritoneal dialysis systems, devices, and methods |
| EP2763719B1 (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2017-08-09 | Outset Medical, Inc. | Heat exchange fluid purification for dialysis system |
| EP2727574A1 (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2014-05-07 | Torsten Baumann | Provision of infusion solutions |
| US9566377B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-02-14 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | Medical fluid sensing and concentration determination in a fluid cartridge with multiple passageways, using a radio frequency device situated within a magnetic field |
| US9713664B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-07-25 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | Nuclear magnetic resonance module for a dialysis machine |
| US9597439B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-03-21 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | Medical fluid sensing and concentration determination using radio frequency energy and a magnetic field |
| US9433718B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-09-06 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | Medical fluid system including radio frequency (RF) device within a magnetic assembly, and fluid cartridge body with one of multiple passageways disposed within the RF device, and specially configured cartridge gap accepting a portion of said RF device |
| US9772386B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-09-26 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | Dialysis system with sample concentration determination device using magnet and radio frequency coil assemblies |
| US10286135B2 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2019-05-14 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | Measuring conductivity of a medical fluid |
| EP3137128B1 (en) | 2014-04-29 | 2021-02-24 | Outset Medical, Inc. | Dialysis system and methods |
| US11357966B2 (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2022-06-14 | B. Braun Medical Inc. | Compounding device, system, kit, software, and method |
| EP3452136B1 (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2024-03-27 | Gambro Lundia AB | Dialysis concentrate |
| ES2963823T3 (en) | 2016-05-06 | 2024-04-02 | Gambro Lundia Ab | Liquid dosing system |
| EP4039286A1 (en) | 2016-08-19 | 2022-08-10 | Outset Medical, Inc. | Peritoneal dialysis system and methods |
| AU2017412883B2 (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2023-12-14 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | Peritoneal dialysis concentrate, peritoneal dialysis bag and set for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis or automated peritoneal dialysis |
| US11135345B2 (en) | 2017-05-10 | 2021-10-05 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | On demand dialysate mixing using concentrates |
| WO2019086318A1 (en) | 2017-11-03 | 2019-05-09 | Gambro Lundia Ab | "method and system for providing peritoneal dialysis fluids with varying sodium concentrations" |
| WO2019086317A1 (en) | 2017-11-03 | 2019-05-09 | Gambro Lundia Ab | Method and system for providing peritoneal dialysis fluids with variable potassium concentrations |
| US11872337B2 (en) | 2018-02-28 | 2024-01-16 | Nxstage Medical, Inc. | Fluid preparation and treatment devices methods and systems |
| US11504458B2 (en) | 2018-10-17 | 2022-11-22 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | Ultrasonic authentication for dialysis |
| US11965763B2 (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2024-04-23 | Mozarc Medical Us Llc | Determining fluid flow across rotary pump |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4399036A (en) * | 1979-06-14 | 1983-08-16 | Diachem, Inc. | Proportioning system for bicarbonate dialysate |
| DE2924406A1 (en) * | 1979-06-16 | 1980-12-18 | Salvia Regel Und Medizintechni | Charging bi:carbonate to dialysis liq. in haemodialysis appts. - by adding bi:carbonate and dialysis concentrate in series, avoids the pptn. of scale |
| US4601830A (en) * | 1979-11-19 | 1986-07-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of Veteran Affairs | Method for dialysis |
| CA1183461A (en) * | 1981-05-01 | 1985-03-05 | Russell L. Jeffery | Dialysate preparation apparatus |
| US4739492A (en) * | 1985-02-21 | 1988-04-19 | Cochran Michael J | Dialysis machine which verifies operating parameters |
| US4814073A (en) * | 1986-10-30 | 1989-03-21 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Dialysate preparation apparatus with improved control |
| US4897184A (en) * | 1986-10-31 | 1990-01-30 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Fluid flow apparatus control and monitoring |
| DE3734880C1 (en) * | 1987-10-15 | 1989-03-23 | Fresenius Ag | Device for hemodialysis with protection system against incorrect composition of the dialysis fluid |
-
1990
- 1990-09-28 US US07/590,420 patent/US5344392A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-09-27 AU AU87190/91A patent/AU640832B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-09-27 JP JP3516801A patent/JP2969229B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-09-27 EP EP91917960A patent/EP0503047B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-27 ES ES91917960T patent/ES2075469T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-27 DE DE69109850T patent/DE69109850T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-27 WO PCT/US1991/007130 patent/WO1992005814A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-09-27 DK DK91917960.6T patent/DK0503047T3/en active
- 1991-09-27 CA CA002069620A patent/CA2069620C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-05-26 NO NO922085A patent/NO301363B1/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1992005814A1 (en) | 1992-04-16 |
| EP0503047B1 (en) | 1995-05-17 |
| AU640832B2 (en) | 1993-09-02 |
| DK0503047T3 (en) | 1995-07-10 |
| NO301363B1 (en) | 1997-10-20 |
| NO922085L (en) | 1992-05-26 |
| DE69109850T2 (en) | 1996-02-29 |
| CA2069620A1 (en) | 1992-03-29 |
| US5344392A (en) | 1994-09-06 |
| JPH05502614A (en) | 1993-05-13 |
| NO922085D0 (en) | 1992-05-26 |
| EP0503047A1 (en) | 1992-09-16 |
| JP2969229B2 (en) | 1999-11-02 |
| AU8719091A (en) | 1992-04-28 |
| DE69109850D1 (en) | 1995-06-22 |
| ES2075469T3 (en) | 1995-10-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA2069620C (en) | Method and apparatus for preparation of solutions from concentrates | |
| US5725773A (en) | Method and apparatus for determining the quantity of oremic toxins removed by a hemodialysis treatment | |
| US11896750B2 (en) | Filtration system for preparation of fluids for medical applications | |
| CA2271598C (en) | Modular home dialysis system | |
| US20240123128A1 (en) | Filtration System for Preparation of Fluids for Medical Applications | |
| US20170266360A1 (en) | Filtration System for Preparation of Fluids for Medical Applications | |
| US6755976B2 (en) | Safety arrangement for a dialysis machine and method of activating the safety arrangement | |
| US5173125A (en) | System for controlling medical treatments such as dialysis | |
| JP3422023B2 (en) | Connector device and system | |
| US5336165A (en) | Artificial kidney for frequent (daily) Hemodialysis | |
| TWI230068B (en) | Bicarbonate-based solution in two parts for peritoneal dialysis or substitution in continuous renal replacement therapy | |
| Misra | The basics of hemodialysis equipment | |
| US20030083901A1 (en) | Process for providing dialysis and other treatments | |
| Beck-Sague et al. | Outbreak of gram-negative bacteremia and pyrogenic reactions in a hemodialysis center | |
| Brunkhorst et al. | Automated peritoneal dialysis with'on-line'-prepared bicarbonate-buffered dialysate: technique and first clinical experiences. | |
| US20230405196A1 (en) | Medical fluid generation system | |
| US20230390473A1 (en) | Medical fluid generation system | |
| Specifications | Selection and Use of Machine, Dialyzer and Dialysis Fluid for Maintenance Hemodialysis | |
| Haas et al. | Technical and Clinical Data on High‐Performance Hemofiltration: Twelve Patients During One Year | |
| Brunkhorst et al. | Technical report. Automated peritoneal dialysis with'on-line'-prepared bicarbonate-buffered dialysate: technique and first clinical experiences. |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDC | Discontinued application reinstated | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |