CA2078089C - Medicament nebulizer with improved aerosol chamber - Google Patents
Medicament nebulizer with improved aerosol chamberInfo
- Publication number
- CA2078089C CA2078089C CA002078089A CA2078089A CA2078089C CA 2078089 C CA2078089 C CA 2078089C CA 002078089 A CA002078089 A CA 002078089A CA 2078089 A CA2078089 A CA 2078089A CA 2078089 C CA2078089 C CA 2078089C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- mist tube
- tube
- outlet
- mist
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
- A61M11/005—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes using ultrasonics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
- A61M11/001—Particle size control
- A61M11/002—Particle size control by flow deviation causing inertial separation of transported particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
- B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
- B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
- B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
- B05B17/0615—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers spray being produced at the free surface of the liquid or other fluent material in a container and subjected to the vibrations
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
- Y10S261/48—Sonic vibrators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
- Y10S261/65—Vaporizers
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Special Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
An improved aerosol chamber for an ultrasonic nebulizer which prevents relatively large medicament droplets from being inhaled by a patient. The chamber has a housing formed from a polycarbonate resin and is generally cylindrically shaped with a spherical top surface. The chamber includes an air inlet formed in the top surface and an aerosol outlet formed in a side surface.
A centrally located mist tube extends coaxial from the air intake downwardly past the aerosol outlet. A
longitudinally extending slot is formed in the mist tube facing the side surface of the housing diametrically opposite the outlet. The slot extends from a lower edge of the tube upwardly toward the air intake. A geyser baffle is disposed at an angle within the mist tube above the slot to deflect larger droplets away from the slot. The baffle includes an upper edge spaced from an adjacent inner surface of the mist tube to define a relatively small gap to allow inlet air to flow through the mist tube. The air flow entrains nebulized medicament droplets, flows through the slot and through an annular space between the mist tube and the housing to the outlet. The annular space creates a cyclone effect which causes larger droplets to condense on the interior walls of the housing.
A centrally located mist tube extends coaxial from the air intake downwardly past the aerosol outlet. A
longitudinally extending slot is formed in the mist tube facing the side surface of the housing diametrically opposite the outlet. The slot extends from a lower edge of the tube upwardly toward the air intake. A geyser baffle is disposed at an angle within the mist tube above the slot to deflect larger droplets away from the slot. The baffle includes an upper edge spaced from an adjacent inner surface of the mist tube to define a relatively small gap to allow inlet air to flow through the mist tube. The air flow entrains nebulized medicament droplets, flows through the slot and through an annular space between the mist tube and the housing to the outlet. The annular space creates a cyclone effect which causes larger droplets to condense on the interior walls of the housing.
Description
MEDICAMENT NEBULIZER WITH IMPROVED AEROSOL CHAMBER
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates in general to ultrasonic nebulizers for admlnisterlng a medicamentous aerosol to a patient's respiratory system and in particular to an improved aerosol dome chamber for use with such an ultrasonic nebulizer which prevents relatively large aerosol particles from being inhaled by the patient.
BA~KGROUND ART
Medical nebulizers are used to deliver a prescribed medication, i.e., a medicated inhalant, as an aerosol to the lungs of a patient for direct absorption by the affected area.
The nebulizer produces an aerosol either by forcing the liquid medicament through a nozzle, or by air atomization or by ultrasonic atomization. All three types of nebulizers can provide a convenient and efficient method for administering drugs to patients suffering from respiratory problems, such as, chronic pulmonary disease, asthma, and allergies. While all three types of nebulizers transform a liquid medicament into a mist, the ultrasonic nebulizers can produce the finest mist and are quieter than air atomizers which require a compressor.
The ultrasonic nebulizer can operate as a "patient demand" system. In simplest terms, a patient demand system pulls the medicament aerosol from a nebulizing chamber and delivers the aerosol to the patient only during inhalation.
~' X
- la -When the patient e~hales or takes a break from treatment, the medication condenses in the chamber where it is re-nebulized until inhaled by the patient. The ultrasonic nebulizer operated as a patlent demand system that is economical and efficient since the medication is delivered only to the affected area and only when needed. This minimizes the drug losses to the atmosphere and by delivery to unaffected areas and therefore eliminates the need for ~r 27905-6Z
~,~
207B0~
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates in general to ultrasonic nebulizers for admlnisterlng a medicamentous aerosol to a patient's respiratory system and in particular to an improved aerosol dome chamber for use with such an ultrasonic nebulizer which prevents relatively large aerosol particles from being inhaled by the patient.
BA~KGROUND ART
Medical nebulizers are used to deliver a prescribed medication, i.e., a medicated inhalant, as an aerosol to the lungs of a patient for direct absorption by the affected area.
The nebulizer produces an aerosol either by forcing the liquid medicament through a nozzle, or by air atomization or by ultrasonic atomization. All three types of nebulizers can provide a convenient and efficient method for administering drugs to patients suffering from respiratory problems, such as, chronic pulmonary disease, asthma, and allergies. While all three types of nebulizers transform a liquid medicament into a mist, the ultrasonic nebulizers can produce the finest mist and are quieter than air atomizers which require a compressor.
The ultrasonic nebulizer can operate as a "patient demand" system. In simplest terms, a patient demand system pulls the medicament aerosol from a nebulizing chamber and delivers the aerosol to the patient only during inhalation.
~' X
- la -When the patient e~hales or takes a break from treatment, the medication condenses in the chamber where it is re-nebulized until inhaled by the patient. The ultrasonic nebulizer operated as a patlent demand system that is economical and efficient since the medication is delivered only to the affected area and only when needed. This minimizes the drug losses to the atmosphere and by delivery to unaffected areas and therefore eliminates the need for ~r 27905-6Z
~,~
207B0~
larger drug doses ln order to compensate for losses. In addltlon, slnce the drug ls more preclsely dellvered to the affected areas, the chance of an adverse drug reactlon by the patlent ls reduced.
The slze of the aerosol droplets ls crltlcal ln patient treatment slnce flner droplets more deeply penetrate the affected area as well as lncrease the ablllty of the lungs to absorb such droplets. However, there has been no efficlent devlce for ensur-lng that the slze of the medlcated aerosol partlcles whlch are dellvered to the patlent are relatlvely flne. In an ultrasonlc nebullzer, a geyser contalnlng a range of droplet slzes ls formed.
It ls deslrable to provlde an ultrasonlc nebullzer whereln only relatlvely flne droplets of a medlcated aerosol are capable of belng lnhaled by a patlent.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The lnventlon ls dlrected to an lmproved aerosol chamber for use wlth an ultrasonlc nebullzer whlch prevents relatlvely large atomlzed medlcament droplets from belng lnhaled by a patlent. The chamber comprlses a generally cyllndrlcally shaped houslng havlng a top surface contalning an air lnlet and a curved slde wall contalnlng an outlet, a mlst tube havlng an axls and depending axially from sald top surface to at least as far as a bottom of sald outlet to form an annular space ~eflnlng a curved flow path along sald slde wall between sald mlst tube and sald houslng, sald mlst tube surroundlng sald alr lnlet, means for mounting said housing on the nebulizer base whereby a geyser of nebullzed medlcament erupts from the base axlally upwardly lnto A
`~ 2078089 said mist tube, sald mlst tube havlng a passage formed ln a wall of said mist tube to face said curved housing side wall diametri-cally opposite sald outlet whereby alr flow from said air inlet to sald outlet passes downwardly through sald mlst tube to entraln nebulized medicament droplets and then flows through said mist tube passage and along sald curved path to said outlet.
In a preferred embodiment, a geyser baffle is secured wlthin the mlst tube. The geyser baffle begins immediately above the slot and extends upwardly at an angle to the a~is of the mist tube. The geyser baffle closes the mist tube except for an upper edge spaced from an ad~acent inner surface of the mist tube to deflne a relatlvely small gap. Thls gap ls the only alr passage in the mist tube between the air lnlet and the slot. The geyser baffle is angled to direct larger droplets away from the mist tube slot. The mist tube and the chamber housing create a cyclone effect whlch ls effectlve to cause larger droplets to condense and return to the fluld reservolr before they can be dellvered to the patlent.
The housing, mist tube and the baffle are preferably molded as an integral unit from a polycarbonate resin.
Accordlngly, it is an ob~ect of the lnvention to provlde an lmproved aerosol chamber for an ultrasonic nebulizer which re-duces the posslbillty of relatively large medicament droplets from belng delivered to a patient.
Other obiects and advantages of the invention will be-come apparent to those skilled in the art from the following de-tailed description and the accompanylng drawings.
~ 2078~B9 3a 27905-62 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 ls a side elevatlonal vlew of a prlor art ultra-sonlc nebullzer;
Flg. 2 ls a slde elevatlonal vlew of an ultrasonlc nebu-llzer lncludlng an lmproved aerosol chamber constructed ln accor-dance wlth thls lnventlon;
Flg. 3 ls a front elevatlonal vlew of the ultrasonlc nebullzer lllustrated ln Flg. 2;
Flg. 4 ls a top plan vlew of the aerosol chamber for the nebulizer illustrated in Flg. 2;
Flg. 5 ls a cross-sectional view taken along llne 5 - 5 of Flg. 4 and showing the details of aerosol chamber of the inven-tlon; and A
~.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 6 -6 of Fig. 4 and showing further details of the aerosol chamber of the lnvention.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Referring to the drawings Flg. 1 illustrates a prior art ultrasonlc nebullzer 10 lncludlng a nebullzer base 11 and an aerosol chamber or dome 12. A cord 13 (shown in fragmen-tary) is connected from a transducer (not shown) in the base 11 to an external high frequency power source (not shown).
The aerosol dome 12 is provided with an alr lntake 14 and an aerosol outlet 15. The inlet 14 is centrally located on the top of the dome 12. A check valve 16 ln the lnlet 14 allows alr to be drawn only through the inlet 14 into the dome 12.
The prior art nebulizer 10 further includes a replaceable mouthpiece 17 attached to the aerosol outlet 15.
A tube 18 is secured in the dome 12 coaxial with the inlet 14 and extends downwardly into an aerosol chamber 20 formed by the interlor of the dome 12. The tube 18 has a bevelled lower end 21 which is angled away from the outlet 15.
In operation, a geyser of nebulized medicament is propelled upwardly into the chamber 20 from the center of the base 11.
A patlent inserts the mouthplece 17 ln hls or her mouth and inhales, drawinq air in through the inlet check valve 16, mixlng the alr wlth the atomlzed llquld ln the chamber 20 and then drawlng the air/atomlzed medlcament through the outlet 15 and the mouthplece 17 to the affected area of the lungs. The tube 18 prevents air flow dlrectly from the lnlet 14 to the outlet 15 wlthout plcklng up aerosol. The aerosol created ln the prlor art nebullzers has a range of droplet slzes. The prlor art nebullzer deslgn does not ensure that only relatlve-ly flne medlcament droplets wlll be inhaled by a patient or that the maximum amount of the smallest droplets produced by the nebullzer are delivered.
In accordance with the present invention, Figs. 2 - 3 illustrate an ultrasonic nebulizer 30 including a nebulizer base 31 and an improved aerosol dome or chamber 32 consisting of a housing 56 containing a baffle assembly 33, constructed in accordance with the invention.
A coiled cord 34 (shown in fragmentary) is connected to the nebulizer 30 and connects a transducer 35 in the nebulizer 10 to a suitable high frequency power source (not shown). The aerosol chamber 32 is preferably constructed from a polycarbonate resin. The nebulizer base 31 and the cord 34 preferably are sealed to allow the nebulizer 30 to be sub-merged into solutions for cleanlng. A membrane swltch 36 ls located on the front of the cup 31. The membrane swltch 36 provides patient feedback to controlling electronics for the power source to turn on and off the transducer 35.
The chamber housing 56 is generally tubular and has a lower end 37 whlch ls stepped for slldlng onto the base 11 and has a spherlcal upper end 38. The upper end 38 ls closed, except for an alr lnlet 39 whlch ls centered above the trans-ducer 35. An aerosol outlet 40 ls located on a slde 41 of the , t chamber 32. A removeable one-way check valve 53, shown ln phantom ln Flgs. 2 and 3, ls pressed lnto the air lnlet 36 to allow alr to only be drawn lnto the chamber 32 durlng operatlon and to prevent aerosol from escaping through the lnlet 36. A dlsposable mouthplece 54, shown in phantom ln Fig. 2, ls attached to the outlet 37.
The baffle assembly 33 conslsts of a mlst tube 42 and a geyser baffle 43. The mlst tube 42 is generally cyllndrlcal ln shape and extends downwardly ln the houslng 56 coaxlally wlth the alr lnlet 39. The mlst tube 42 has a lower edge 44 and a longltudlnally extendlng slot 45 whlch extends upwardly from the edge 44 to an upper end 46. The end 46 ls seml-clrcular ln shape.
The geyser baffle 43 has an upper flat free edge 47 (shown ln Flg. 4~ and has a lower edge 48 whlch ls secured to the mlst tube 42 (shown ln Flg. 6). A small draln hole 57 extends through the lower edge 48. The baffle 43 ls secured wlthln the mlst tube 38 to extend from ad~acent the upper slot end 46 upwardly at an angle of approxlmately 30, wlth lts flat free edge 47 spaced from an lnner wall 49 of the tube 42 to form a gap 50. The gap 50, best seen ln Flgs. 4 and 5, deflnes the only passage for alr flowing through the lnlet 39.
The lmproved deslgn of the aerosol chamber 32 and the geyser baffle assembly 33 reduces the posslblllty of relatlve-ly larger slzed droplets of medlcated aerosol from belng lngested by a patlent ln the followlng manner. In operatlon, a geyser 51 of nebullzed medlcatlon ls produced above a volume `~ 20~8089 of llquld 52 (Flg. 2) ln the nebullzer base 31 and ls propelled dlrectly upwardly from the base 31 lnto the mlst tube 42. The baffle 43 deflects droplets ln the geyser 51 to prevent them from falllng back down lnto the geyser 51, thus temporarlly dampenlng the geyser 51. Any droplets whlch contact the geyser baffle 43 or the lnterlor of the mlst tube 42 condense and flow back to the volume of liquld 52 ln the base 31.
The patient inserts the mouthplece 54 into his or her mouth, forms a seal about the mouthpiece 54 with his or her llps, and lnhales, taking slow, deep breaths. Thls causes the check valve 53 ln the alr lntake 39 to open allowlng air to descend ln the mist tube 43 past the baffle 43 via the gap 50 and out the mlst tube 42 through the slot 45. The inhaled alr mlxes wlth the nebullzed medlcation which has been flrst reduced ln slze by the geyser baffle 43 to form a medlcated aerosol. Since all of the alr flow through the chamber 32 passes the geyser 51, the smallest droplets ln the geyser 51 are readlly entralned ln the alr flow to the patlent. The medlcated aerosol exlts the tube 38 through the outlet port 39 and must then clrcle around through an annular space between the outside surface of the tube 42 and an interior wall 55 of the dome 32, exitlng the chamber 32 vla the outlet 40. This clrcllng of the medlcated aerosol wlthln the chamber 32 creates a cyclone effect whlch tends to lmpact any larger droplets of medlcated aerosol on the lnterlor wall 55 of the chamber 32 where they are condensed and returned to the llquld ~~ 27905-62 ~- 2078089 - 7a -52 ln the nebulizer base 31. The largest droplets tend to impact the dome wall 55 opposite the slot 45 and the smaller droplets impact the wall 55 further around the dome 32 from the slot 45. Only the smallest droplets remain entralned in the air at the outlet 40. This is due to the fact that as the aerosol travels along a curved path, the smaller droplets will follow the air stream while the larger droplets will follow a more straight path due to their inertia and will impact the wall 55. Thus, the cyclone effect created within the aerosol chamber 32 effectlvely reduces the posslbility of any larger sized particles being inhaled by the patient.
Accordingly, the lmproved design of the present lnventlon reduces the posslbillty of relatlvely larger slzed droplets of medlcated aerosol from belng lnhaled by the patlent by lnltlally deflectlng these droplets agalnst the geyser baffle 43 and the mlst tube 42 and then further sub~ectlng any remalnlng droplets to the cyclone effect created wlthln the aerosol chamber 32. Furthermore, lf an lnexperlenced patlent does not take a slow deep breath but lnstead lnhales suddenly, the cyclone effect wlll further lncrease because of the lncreased veloclty. Thls ensures that any larger sized droplets will impact agalnst and condense on the chamber wall 55 lnstead of belnq inhaled by the patient as may occur wlth the prior art nebulizer deslgn discussed above.
Varlous modifications and changes may be made to the above described preferred embodiment of an improved aerosol chamber for a medicament nebulizer without departing from the splrit and the scope of the followlng clalms.
The slze of the aerosol droplets ls crltlcal ln patient treatment slnce flner droplets more deeply penetrate the affected area as well as lncrease the ablllty of the lungs to absorb such droplets. However, there has been no efficlent devlce for ensur-lng that the slze of the medlcated aerosol partlcles whlch are dellvered to the patlent are relatlvely flne. In an ultrasonlc nebullzer, a geyser contalnlng a range of droplet slzes ls formed.
It ls deslrable to provlde an ultrasonlc nebullzer whereln only relatlvely flne droplets of a medlcated aerosol are capable of belng lnhaled by a patlent.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The lnventlon ls dlrected to an lmproved aerosol chamber for use wlth an ultrasonlc nebullzer whlch prevents relatlvely large atomlzed medlcament droplets from belng lnhaled by a patlent. The chamber comprlses a generally cyllndrlcally shaped houslng havlng a top surface contalning an air lnlet and a curved slde wall contalnlng an outlet, a mlst tube havlng an axls and depending axially from sald top surface to at least as far as a bottom of sald outlet to form an annular space ~eflnlng a curved flow path along sald slde wall between sald mlst tube and sald houslng, sald mlst tube surroundlng sald alr lnlet, means for mounting said housing on the nebulizer base whereby a geyser of nebullzed medlcament erupts from the base axlally upwardly lnto A
`~ 2078089 said mist tube, sald mlst tube havlng a passage formed ln a wall of said mist tube to face said curved housing side wall diametri-cally opposite sald outlet whereby alr flow from said air inlet to sald outlet passes downwardly through sald mlst tube to entraln nebulized medicament droplets and then flows through said mist tube passage and along sald curved path to said outlet.
In a preferred embodiment, a geyser baffle is secured wlthin the mlst tube. The geyser baffle begins immediately above the slot and extends upwardly at an angle to the a~is of the mist tube. The geyser baffle closes the mist tube except for an upper edge spaced from an ad~acent inner surface of the mist tube to deflne a relatlvely small gap. Thls gap ls the only alr passage in the mist tube between the air lnlet and the slot. The geyser baffle is angled to direct larger droplets away from the mist tube slot. The mist tube and the chamber housing create a cyclone effect whlch ls effectlve to cause larger droplets to condense and return to the fluld reservolr before they can be dellvered to the patlent.
The housing, mist tube and the baffle are preferably molded as an integral unit from a polycarbonate resin.
Accordlngly, it is an ob~ect of the lnvention to provlde an lmproved aerosol chamber for an ultrasonic nebulizer which re-duces the posslbillty of relatively large medicament droplets from belng delivered to a patient.
Other obiects and advantages of the invention will be-come apparent to those skilled in the art from the following de-tailed description and the accompanylng drawings.
~ 2078~B9 3a 27905-62 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 ls a side elevatlonal vlew of a prlor art ultra-sonlc nebullzer;
Flg. 2 ls a slde elevatlonal vlew of an ultrasonlc nebu-llzer lncludlng an lmproved aerosol chamber constructed ln accor-dance wlth thls lnventlon;
Flg. 3 ls a front elevatlonal vlew of the ultrasonlc nebullzer lllustrated ln Flg. 2;
Flg. 4 ls a top plan vlew of the aerosol chamber for the nebulizer illustrated in Flg. 2;
Flg. 5 ls a cross-sectional view taken along llne 5 - 5 of Flg. 4 and showing the details of aerosol chamber of the inven-tlon; and A
~.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 6 -6 of Fig. 4 and showing further details of the aerosol chamber of the lnvention.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Referring to the drawings Flg. 1 illustrates a prior art ultrasonlc nebullzer 10 lncludlng a nebullzer base 11 and an aerosol chamber or dome 12. A cord 13 (shown in fragmen-tary) is connected from a transducer (not shown) in the base 11 to an external high frequency power source (not shown).
The aerosol dome 12 is provided with an alr lntake 14 and an aerosol outlet 15. The inlet 14 is centrally located on the top of the dome 12. A check valve 16 ln the lnlet 14 allows alr to be drawn only through the inlet 14 into the dome 12.
The prior art nebulizer 10 further includes a replaceable mouthpiece 17 attached to the aerosol outlet 15.
A tube 18 is secured in the dome 12 coaxial with the inlet 14 and extends downwardly into an aerosol chamber 20 formed by the interlor of the dome 12. The tube 18 has a bevelled lower end 21 which is angled away from the outlet 15.
In operation, a geyser of nebulized medicament is propelled upwardly into the chamber 20 from the center of the base 11.
A patlent inserts the mouthplece 17 ln hls or her mouth and inhales, drawinq air in through the inlet check valve 16, mixlng the alr wlth the atomlzed llquld ln the chamber 20 and then drawlng the air/atomlzed medlcament through the outlet 15 and the mouthplece 17 to the affected area of the lungs. The tube 18 prevents air flow dlrectly from the lnlet 14 to the outlet 15 wlthout plcklng up aerosol. The aerosol created ln the prlor art nebullzers has a range of droplet slzes. The prlor art nebullzer deslgn does not ensure that only relatlve-ly flne medlcament droplets wlll be inhaled by a patient or that the maximum amount of the smallest droplets produced by the nebullzer are delivered.
In accordance with the present invention, Figs. 2 - 3 illustrate an ultrasonic nebulizer 30 including a nebulizer base 31 and an improved aerosol dome or chamber 32 consisting of a housing 56 containing a baffle assembly 33, constructed in accordance with the invention.
A coiled cord 34 (shown in fragmentary) is connected to the nebulizer 30 and connects a transducer 35 in the nebulizer 10 to a suitable high frequency power source (not shown). The aerosol chamber 32 is preferably constructed from a polycarbonate resin. The nebulizer base 31 and the cord 34 preferably are sealed to allow the nebulizer 30 to be sub-merged into solutions for cleanlng. A membrane swltch 36 ls located on the front of the cup 31. The membrane swltch 36 provides patient feedback to controlling electronics for the power source to turn on and off the transducer 35.
The chamber housing 56 is generally tubular and has a lower end 37 whlch ls stepped for slldlng onto the base 11 and has a spherlcal upper end 38. The upper end 38 ls closed, except for an alr lnlet 39 whlch ls centered above the trans-ducer 35. An aerosol outlet 40 ls located on a slde 41 of the , t chamber 32. A removeable one-way check valve 53, shown ln phantom ln Flgs. 2 and 3, ls pressed lnto the air lnlet 36 to allow alr to only be drawn lnto the chamber 32 durlng operatlon and to prevent aerosol from escaping through the lnlet 36. A dlsposable mouthplece 54, shown in phantom ln Fig. 2, ls attached to the outlet 37.
The baffle assembly 33 conslsts of a mlst tube 42 and a geyser baffle 43. The mlst tube 42 is generally cyllndrlcal ln shape and extends downwardly ln the houslng 56 coaxlally wlth the alr lnlet 39. The mlst tube 42 has a lower edge 44 and a longltudlnally extendlng slot 45 whlch extends upwardly from the edge 44 to an upper end 46. The end 46 ls seml-clrcular ln shape.
The geyser baffle 43 has an upper flat free edge 47 (shown ln Flg. 4~ and has a lower edge 48 whlch ls secured to the mlst tube 42 (shown ln Flg. 6). A small draln hole 57 extends through the lower edge 48. The baffle 43 ls secured wlthln the mlst tube 38 to extend from ad~acent the upper slot end 46 upwardly at an angle of approxlmately 30, wlth lts flat free edge 47 spaced from an lnner wall 49 of the tube 42 to form a gap 50. The gap 50, best seen ln Flgs. 4 and 5, deflnes the only passage for alr flowing through the lnlet 39.
The lmproved deslgn of the aerosol chamber 32 and the geyser baffle assembly 33 reduces the posslblllty of relatlve-ly larger slzed droplets of medlcated aerosol from belng lngested by a patlent ln the followlng manner. In operatlon, a geyser 51 of nebullzed medlcatlon ls produced above a volume `~ 20~8089 of llquld 52 (Flg. 2) ln the nebullzer base 31 and ls propelled dlrectly upwardly from the base 31 lnto the mlst tube 42. The baffle 43 deflects droplets ln the geyser 51 to prevent them from falllng back down lnto the geyser 51, thus temporarlly dampenlng the geyser 51. Any droplets whlch contact the geyser baffle 43 or the lnterlor of the mlst tube 42 condense and flow back to the volume of liquld 52 ln the base 31.
The patient inserts the mouthplece 54 into his or her mouth, forms a seal about the mouthpiece 54 with his or her llps, and lnhales, taking slow, deep breaths. Thls causes the check valve 53 ln the alr lntake 39 to open allowlng air to descend ln the mist tube 43 past the baffle 43 via the gap 50 and out the mlst tube 42 through the slot 45. The inhaled alr mlxes wlth the nebullzed medlcation which has been flrst reduced ln slze by the geyser baffle 43 to form a medlcated aerosol. Since all of the alr flow through the chamber 32 passes the geyser 51, the smallest droplets ln the geyser 51 are readlly entralned ln the alr flow to the patlent. The medlcated aerosol exlts the tube 38 through the outlet port 39 and must then clrcle around through an annular space between the outside surface of the tube 42 and an interior wall 55 of the dome 32, exitlng the chamber 32 vla the outlet 40. This clrcllng of the medlcated aerosol wlthln the chamber 32 creates a cyclone effect whlch tends to lmpact any larger droplets of medlcated aerosol on the lnterlor wall 55 of the chamber 32 where they are condensed and returned to the llquld ~~ 27905-62 ~- 2078089 - 7a -52 ln the nebulizer base 31. The largest droplets tend to impact the dome wall 55 opposite the slot 45 and the smaller droplets impact the wall 55 further around the dome 32 from the slot 45. Only the smallest droplets remain entralned in the air at the outlet 40. This is due to the fact that as the aerosol travels along a curved path, the smaller droplets will follow the air stream while the larger droplets will follow a more straight path due to their inertia and will impact the wall 55. Thus, the cyclone effect created within the aerosol chamber 32 effectlvely reduces the posslbility of any larger sized particles being inhaled by the patient.
Accordingly, the lmproved design of the present lnventlon reduces the posslbillty of relatlvely larger slzed droplets of medlcated aerosol from belng lnhaled by the patlent by lnltlally deflectlng these droplets agalnst the geyser baffle 43 and the mlst tube 42 and then further sub~ectlng any remalnlng droplets to the cyclone effect created wlthln the aerosol chamber 32. Furthermore, lf an lnexperlenced patlent does not take a slow deep breath but lnstead lnhales suddenly, the cyclone effect wlll further lncrease because of the lncreased veloclty. Thls ensures that any larger sized droplets will impact agalnst and condense on the chamber wall 55 lnstead of belnq inhaled by the patient as may occur wlth the prior art nebulizer deslgn discussed above.
Varlous modifications and changes may be made to the above described preferred embodiment of an improved aerosol chamber for a medicament nebulizer without departing from the splrit and the scope of the followlng clalms.
Claims (7)
1. An improved aerosol chamber for use with an ultrasonic nebulizer base comprising a generally cylindrically shaped housing having a top surface containing an air inlet and a curved side wall containing an outlet, a mist tube having an axis and depend-ing axially from said top surface to at least as far as a bottom of said outlet to form an annular space defining a curved flow path along said side wall between said mist tube and said housing, said mist tube surrounding said air inlet, means for mounting said housing on the nebulizer base whereby a geyser of nebulized medic-ament erupts from the base axially upwardly into said mist tube, said mist tube having a passage formed in a wall of said mist tube to face said curved housing side wall diametrically opposite said outlet whereby air flow from said air inlet to said outlet passes downwardly through said mist tube to entrain nebulized medicament droplets and then flows through said mist tube passage and along said curved path to said outlet.
2. An improved aerosol chamber for use with an ultrasonic nebulizer base, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said top housing surface is generally spherical.
3. An improved aerosol chamber for use with an ultrasonic nebulizer base, as set forth in claim 1, and further including a check valve mounted in said air inlet, said check valve preventing fluid flow from said mist tube through said air inlet while per-mitting air flow from said air inlet into said mist tube.
4. An improved aerosol chamber for use with an ultrasonic nebulizer base, as set forth in claim 1, wherein air flow and entrained droplets flow from said passage to said outlet along either of two curved paths extending along diametrically opposite portions of said side wall.
5. An improved aerosol chamber for use with an ultrasonic nebulizer base, as set forth in claim 1, and further including a baffle secured in said mist tube above said passage, said baffle angling upwardly from adjacent said passage to a gap between said mist tube and said baffle, said mist tube deflecting larger nebu-lized medicament droplets in the geyser away from said geyser and said passage.
6. An improved aerosol chamber for use with an ultrasonic nebulizer base, as set forth in claim 5, wherein said mist tube passage is a longitudinal slot extending from a lower edge of said mist tube parallel to the axis of said mist tube.
7. An improved aerosol chamber for use with an ultrasonic nebulizer base, as set forth in claim 6, wherein said housing, said mist tube and said baffle are molded as an integral unit from a polycarbonate resin.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/758,742 US5170782A (en) | 1991-09-12 | 1991-09-12 | Medicament nebulizer with improved aerosol chamber |
| US07/758,742 | 1991-09-12 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2078089A1 CA2078089A1 (en) | 1993-03-13 |
| CA2078089C true CA2078089C (en) | 1996-02-06 |
Family
ID=25052925
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002078089A Expired - Fee Related CA2078089C (en) | 1991-09-12 | 1992-09-11 | Medicament nebulizer with improved aerosol chamber |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5170782A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0532349A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH05277188A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2078089C (en) |
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1991
- 1991-09-12 US US07/758,742 patent/US5170782A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-09-11 CA CA002078089A patent/CA2078089C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-09-11 EP EP19920308299 patent/EP0532349A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-09-14 JP JP4245052A patent/JPH05277188A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5170782A (en) | 1992-12-15 |
| JPH05277188A (en) | 1993-10-26 |
| CA2078089A1 (en) | 1993-03-13 |
| EP0532349A3 (en) | 1993-07-07 |
| EP0532349A2 (en) | 1993-03-17 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |