CA2081063A1 - Method of making membrane-electrode assemblies for electrochemical cells and assemblies made thereby - Google Patents

Method of making membrane-electrode assemblies for electrochemical cells and assemblies made thereby

Info

Publication number
CA2081063A1
CA2081063A1 CA2081063A CA2081063A CA2081063A1 CA 2081063 A1 CA2081063 A1 CA 2081063A1 CA 2081063 A CA2081063 A CA 2081063A CA 2081063 A CA2081063 A CA 2081063A CA 2081063 A1 CA2081063 A1 CA 2081063A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
membrane
carbon particles
finely divided
particles
group
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA2081063A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2081063C (en
Inventor
Sundararajan Swathirajan
Youssef Morcos Mikhail
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Motors Liquidation Co
Original Assignee
Motors Liquidation Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Motors Liquidation Co filed Critical Motors Liquidation Co
Publication of CA2081063A1 publication Critical patent/CA2081063A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2081063C publication Critical patent/CA2081063C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

There is provided a combination, unitary, membrane and electrode assembly with a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and first and second electrodes at least partially embedded in opposed surfaces of the membrane. The method leads to a very significant increase in catalyst utilization. The electrodes each comprise a respective group of finely divided carbon particles, very finely divided catalytic particles supported on internal and external surfaces of the carbon particles and a proton conductive material intermingled with the catalytic and carbon particles.
A first group of finely divided carbon particles forming the first electrode has greater water attraction and water retention properties and is relatively more hydrophilic and less hydrophobic than a second group of carbon particles forming the second electrode.
In a preferred method, the membrane electrode assembly of the invention is prepared by forming a slurry of proton conductive material and at least one group of finely divided carbon particles and very finely divided catalytic particles supported on and in the carbon particles. The slurry is applied to the opposed surfaces of the membrane; and heated while being pressed to the membrane for a time and at a temperature and compressive load sufficient to embed at least a portion of the particles into the membrane to thereby form a membrane electrode assembly.
CA002081063A 1992-04-03 1992-10-21 Method of making membrane-electrode assemblies for electrochemical cells and assemblies made thereby Expired - Fee Related CA2081063C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/862,691 1992-04-03
US07/862,691 US5272017A (en) 1992-04-03 1992-04-03 Membrane-electrode assemblies for electrochemical cells

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2081063A1 true CA2081063A1 (en) 1993-10-04
CA2081063C CA2081063C (en) 1997-02-18

Family

ID=25339073

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002081063A Expired - Fee Related CA2081063C (en) 1992-04-03 1992-10-21 Method of making membrane-electrode assemblies for electrochemical cells and assemblies made thereby

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US5272017A (en)
EP (2) EP0700108A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2081063C (en)
DE (1) DE69312788T2 (en)

Families Citing this family (255)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5800938A (en) * 1992-09-22 1998-09-01 Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. Sandwich-type solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell
JP3271801B2 (en) * 1992-09-22 2002-04-08 田中貴金属工業株式会社 Polymer solid electrolyte fuel cell, humidifying method of the fuel cell, and manufacturing method
US5605550A (en) * 1993-06-14 1997-02-25 Valence Technology, Inc. Battery laminate with improved electrolyte and anode or cathode layer characteristics
JP3422377B2 (en) * 1993-08-06 2003-06-30 松下電器産業株式会社 Method for manufacturing polymer electrolyte fuel cell and polymer electrolyte fuel cell obtained by the method
US5846669A (en) * 1994-05-12 1998-12-08 Illinois Institute Of Technology Hybrid electrolyte system
BE1008455A3 (en) * 1994-06-07 1996-05-07 Vito ELECTRODE GAS DIFFUSION WITH CATALYST FOR AN ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL WITH SOLID ELECTROLYTE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH ELECTRODE.
US5565073A (en) * 1994-07-15 1996-10-15 Fraser; Mark E. Electrochemical peroxide generator
US5871625A (en) * 1994-08-25 1999-02-16 University Of Iowa Research Foundation Magnetic composites for improved electrolysis
US5523177A (en) * 1994-10-12 1996-06-04 Giner, Inc. Membrane-electrode assembly for a direct methanol fuel cell
US5548055A (en) * 1995-01-13 1996-08-20 Sri International Single-ion conducting solid polymer electrolytes
US5665873A (en) * 1995-02-09 1997-09-09 Dana Farber Cancer Institute Glucocorticoid response elements
US6153327A (en) * 1995-03-03 2000-11-28 Southwest Research Institute Amorphous carbon comprising a catalyst
US6159533A (en) * 1997-09-11 2000-12-12 Southwest Research Institute Method of depositing a catalyst on a fuel cell electrode
GB9504713D0 (en) * 1995-03-09 1995-04-26 Johnson Matthey Plc Improved electrocatalytic material
DE19509749C2 (en) * 1995-03-17 1997-01-23 Deutsche Forsch Luft Raumfahrt Process for producing a composite of electrode material, catalyst material and a solid electrolyte membrane
DE19509748C2 (en) * 1995-03-17 1997-01-23 Deutsche Forsch Luft Raumfahrt Process for producing a composite of electrode material, catalyst material and a solid electrolyte membrane
DE19513292C1 (en) * 1995-04-07 1996-08-22 Siemens Ag Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
US5695873A (en) * 1995-06-05 1997-12-09 The University Of Dayton Polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes
US5599639A (en) * 1995-08-31 1997-02-04 Hoechst Celanese Corporation Acid-modified polybenzimidazole fuel cell elements
US5631099A (en) * 1995-09-21 1997-05-20 Hockaday; Robert G. Surface replica fuel cell
US5702755A (en) * 1995-11-06 1997-12-30 The Dow Chemical Company Process for preparing a membrane/electrode assembly
US5672438A (en) * 1995-10-10 1997-09-30 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Membrane and electrode assembly employing exclusion membrane for direct methanol fuel cell
US5641586A (en) * 1995-12-06 1997-06-24 The Regents Of The University Of California Office Of Technology Transfer Fuel cell with interdigitated porous flow-field
US5672439A (en) * 1995-12-18 1997-09-30 Ballard Power Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for reducing reactant crossover in an electrochemical fuel cell
US5716664A (en) * 1995-12-22 1998-02-10 Marchetti; George A. Method of making a hydrophilic, graphite electrode membrane assembly
US5869201A (en) * 1995-12-22 1999-02-09 George Marchetti Hydrophilic, graphite fuel cell electrode for use with an ionomer membrane
US5624769A (en) 1995-12-22 1997-04-29 General Motors Corporation Corrosion resistant PEM fuel cell
JP3273591B2 (en) * 1996-02-05 2002-04-08 本田技研工業株式会社 Method for manufacturing electrode structure for fuel cell
DE19611510A1 (en) * 1996-03-23 1997-09-25 Degussa Gas diffusion electrode for membrane fuel cells and process for their manufacture
US5945231A (en) * 1996-03-26 1999-08-31 California Institute Of Technology Direct liquid-feed fuel cell with membrane electrolyte and manufacturing thereof
DE19616160A1 (en) 1996-04-24 1997-10-30 Hoechst Ag Process for producing a cation exchange membrane
US5677074A (en) * 1996-06-25 1997-10-14 The Dais Corporation Gas diffusion electrode
US5643689A (en) * 1996-08-28 1997-07-01 E.C.R.-Electro-Chemical Research Ltd. Non-liquid proton conductors for use in electrochemical systems under ambient conditions
US5707755A (en) * 1996-12-09 1998-01-13 General Motors Corporation PEM/SPE fuel cell
US5981097A (en) * 1996-12-23 1999-11-09 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Multiple layer membranes for fuel cells employing direct feed fuels
US5759712A (en) * 1997-01-06 1998-06-02 Hockaday; Robert G. Surface replica fuel cell for micro fuel cell electrical power pack
US5879828A (en) * 1997-10-10 1999-03-09 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Membrane electrode assembly
US6136412A (en) * 1997-10-10 2000-10-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Microtextured catalyst transfer substrate
US6042959A (en) * 1997-10-10 2000-03-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Membrane electrode assembly and method of its manufacture
US5910378A (en) 1997-10-10 1999-06-08 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Membrane electrode assemblies
US6096449A (en) 1997-11-20 2000-08-01 Avista Labs Fuel cell and method for controlling same
US6030718A (en) 1997-11-20 2000-02-29 Avista Corporation Proton exchange membrane fuel cell power system
JPH11224679A (en) * 1998-02-06 1999-08-17 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Solid high polymer fuel cell and its manufacture
US5958616A (en) * 1998-02-06 1999-09-28 Lynntech, Inc. Membrane and electrode structure for methanol fuel cell
US6967183B2 (en) * 1998-08-27 2005-11-22 Cabot Corporation Electrocatalyst powders, methods for producing powders and devices fabricated from same
JP3466082B2 (en) * 1998-03-31 2003-11-10 松下電器産業株式会社 Manufacturing method of fuel cell electrode
US6074692A (en) * 1998-04-10 2000-06-13 General Motors Corporation Method of making MEA for PEM/SPE fuel cell
CN1159788C (en) * 1998-06-16 2004-07-28 松下电器产业株式会社 Polymer electrolyte fuel cell
JP4074061B2 (en) * 1998-09-04 2008-04-09 株式会社東芝 Polymer electrolyte fuel cell system
US6610436B1 (en) * 1998-09-11 2003-08-26 Gore Enterprise Holdings Catalytic coatings and fuel cell electrodes and membrane electrode assemblies made therefrom
US6162558A (en) * 1998-09-16 2000-12-19 General Motors Corporation Method and apparatus for selective removal of carbon monoxide
JP4588882B2 (en) * 1998-09-30 2010-12-01 ユミコア・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト・ウント・コムパニー・コマンディットゲゼルシャフト Method for discharging reaction water in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
JP2002529892A (en) 1998-10-29 2002-09-10 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー Microstructured flow field
JP3649009B2 (en) * 1998-12-07 2005-05-18 日本電池株式会社 Fuel cell electrode and method of manufacturing the same
US6326097B1 (en) 1998-12-10 2001-12-04 Manhattan Scientifics, Inc. Micro-fuel cell power devices
US6194095B1 (en) 1998-12-15 2001-02-27 Robert G. Hockaday Non-bipolar fuel cell stack configuration
WO2000044055A2 (en) * 1999-01-22 2000-07-27 California Institute Of Technology Membrane-electrode assemblies for direct methanol fuel cells
US6214487B1 (en) * 1999-02-01 2001-04-10 Motorola, Inc. Integral sensors for monitoring a fuel cell membrane and methods of monitoring
US6117581A (en) * 1999-03-15 2000-09-12 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Fuel cell electrode comprising conductive zeolite support material
US6521381B1 (en) 1999-03-16 2003-02-18 General Motors Corporation Electrode and membrane-electrode assemblies for electrochemical cells
US6284401B1 (en) 1999-04-19 2001-09-04 George A. Marchetti Thin graphite bipolar plate with associated gaskets and carbon cloth flow-field for use in an ionomer membrane fuel cell
US6277513B1 (en) * 1999-04-12 2001-08-21 General Motors Corporation Layered electrode for electrochemical cells
US6455180B1 (en) 1999-07-02 2002-09-24 General Motors Corporation Flexible method for monitoring fuel cell voltage
US6159626A (en) * 1999-07-06 2000-12-12 General Motors Corporation Fuel cell system logic for differentiating between rapid and normal shutdown commands
EP1069636B1 (en) 1999-07-06 2016-03-23 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Fuel cell stack monitoring and system control
US6306531B1 (en) 1999-07-06 2001-10-23 General Motors Corporation Combustor air flow control method for fuel cell apparatus
US6391484B1 (en) 1999-07-06 2002-05-21 General Motors Corporation Fuel processor temperature monitoring and control
US6436561B1 (en) 1999-07-21 2002-08-20 General Motors Corporation Methanol tailgas combustor control method
JP4250816B2 (en) * 1999-07-29 2009-04-08 株式会社エクォス・リサーチ CO gas sensor
US6380126B1 (en) 1999-08-20 2002-04-30 Medis El Ltd Class of electrocatalysts and a gas diffusion electrode based thereon for fuel cells
US6528191B1 (en) * 1999-10-12 2003-03-04 General Motors Corporation Apparatus for monitoring a hydrogen containing gas stream
US6497970B1 (en) 1999-10-15 2002-12-24 General Motors Corporation Controlled air injection for a fuel cell system
US6368735B1 (en) * 1999-10-19 2002-04-09 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Fuel cell power generation system and method for powering an electric vehicle
US6406806B1 (en) * 1999-11-09 2002-06-18 General Motors Corporation Fuel cell voltage monitoring and system control
US6177736B1 (en) 1999-11-12 2001-01-23 General Motors Corporation DC/DC converter for a fuel cell providing both a primary and auxiliary output voltage
US6372376B1 (en) * 1999-12-07 2002-04-16 General Motors Corporation Corrosion resistant PEM fuel cell
US6413661B1 (en) * 1999-12-15 2002-07-02 General Motors Corporation Method for operating a combustor in a fuel cell system
US6376111B1 (en) 2000-01-25 2002-04-23 General Motors Corporation System and method for controlling the humidity level of a fuel cell
US6451465B1 (en) 2000-02-07 2002-09-17 General Motors Corporation Method for operating a combustor in a fuel cell system
GB0002764D0 (en) * 2000-02-08 2000-03-29 Johnson Matthey Plc Electromechanical cell
US6416893B1 (en) 2000-02-11 2002-07-09 General Motors Corporation Method and apparatus for controlling combustor temperature during transient load changes
US6376112B1 (en) 2000-02-11 2002-04-23 General Motors Corporation Controlled shutdown of a fuel cell
US6395414B1 (en) * 2000-02-11 2002-05-28 General Motors Corporation Staged venting of fuel cell system during rapid shutdown
US6323626B1 (en) 2000-02-14 2001-11-27 General Motors Corporation DC/DC converter for a fuel cell having a non-linear inductor
US6602624B1 (en) 2000-02-22 2003-08-05 General Motors Corporation Control apparatus and method for efficiently heating a fuel processor in a fuel cell system
US6413662B1 (en) 2000-02-22 2002-07-02 General Motors Corporation Fuel cell system shutdown with anode pressure control
CA2376083A1 (en) * 2000-03-28 2001-10-04 Manhattan Scientifics, Inc. Method of operating a fuel cell system, and fuel cell system operable accordingly
US7326480B2 (en) * 2000-05-17 2008-02-05 Relion, Inc. Fuel cell power system and method of controlling a fuel cell power system
US6468682B1 (en) 2000-05-17 2002-10-22 Avista Laboratories, Inc. Ion exchange membrane fuel cell
KR100468102B1 (en) * 2000-07-03 2005-01-26 마쯔시다덴기산교 가부시키가이샤 Polyelectrolyte fuel cell
AU2001285436A1 (en) 2000-08-14 2002-02-25 World Properties Inc. Thermosetting composition for electrochemical cell components and methods of making thereof
US6566004B1 (en) 2000-08-31 2003-05-20 General Motors Corporation Fuel cell with variable porosity gas distribution layers
US6663994B1 (en) 2000-10-23 2003-12-16 General Motors Corporation Fuel cell with convoluted MEA
US7592089B2 (en) * 2000-08-31 2009-09-22 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Fuel cell with variable porosity gas distribution layers
US7081312B1 (en) * 2000-09-26 2006-07-25 General Motors Corporation Multiple stage combustion process to maintain a controllable reformation temperature profile
US6524736B1 (en) 2000-10-18 2003-02-25 General Motors Corporation Methods of preparing membrane electrode assemblies
US6485854B1 (en) * 2000-10-19 2002-11-26 General Motors Corporation Gas-liquid separator for fuel cell system
ATE350775T1 (en) * 2000-11-09 2007-01-15 Ird As MEMBRANE ELECTRODE ARRANGEMENTS FOR DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELLS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
GB2368967A (en) * 2000-11-14 2002-05-15 Secr Defence System for the humidification of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
US6630263B1 (en) 2000-11-20 2003-10-07 Plug Power Inc. Fuel cell systems and methods
DE10058337A1 (en) * 2000-11-24 2002-05-29 Gen Motors Corp Sheet product used as a bipolar plate in a fuel cell or in an electrolyzer has a conductive corrosion resistant protective coating made from a metal oxide on one side.
US7968251B2 (en) 2000-11-24 2011-06-28 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Electrical contact element and bipolar plate
US20030165731A1 (en) * 2002-03-01 2003-09-04 Gayatri Vyas Coated fuel cell electrical contact element
DE10063254A1 (en) 2000-12-19 2002-07-18 Gen Motors Corp Fuel cell system with flow passages and / or spaces which carry moist gases during operation and a method for operating such a fuel cell system
US6569551B2 (en) 2001-01-15 2003-05-27 General Motors Corporation Oxidant injection control
US6878664B1 (en) 2001-01-16 2005-04-12 Medis El Ltd. Class of electrocatalysts and a gas diffusion electrode based thereon for fuel cells
DE10201692A1 (en) * 2001-01-19 2002-09-05 Honda Motor Co Ltd Membrane electrode assembly for polymer electrolyte fuel cell, comprises polymer electrolyte membrane sandwiched between electrodes each with a catalytic layer which projects into the electrolyte membrane
US7138203B2 (en) * 2001-01-19 2006-11-21 World Properties, Inc. Apparatus and method of manufacture of electrochemical cell components
WO2002080295A2 (en) * 2001-01-19 2002-10-10 World Properties Inc. Apparatus and method for electrochemical cell components
US20030022055A1 (en) * 2001-04-11 2003-01-30 Jameel Menashi Fuel cells and other products containing modified carbon products
US7541308B2 (en) * 2001-04-11 2009-06-02 Cabot Corporation Fuel cells and other products containing modified carbon products
US6709560B2 (en) * 2001-04-18 2004-03-23 Biosource, Inc. Charge barrier flow-through capacitor
US20040161741A1 (en) * 2001-06-30 2004-08-19 Elazar Rabani Novel compositions and processes for analyte detection, quantification and amplification
US6630260B2 (en) * 2001-07-20 2003-10-07 General Motors Corporation Water vapor transfer device for a fuel cell power plant
US6875246B2 (en) * 2001-07-20 2005-04-05 General Motors Corporation Water vapor transfer device for fuel cell reformer
US20030120127A1 (en) * 2001-11-07 2003-06-26 Wylie Ian Gordon Norman Process for destruction of halogenated organic compounds in solids
US6692264B2 (en) * 2001-11-13 2004-02-17 General Motors Corporation Elastomeric connector for fuel cell stack cell voltage monitor
US6811918B2 (en) * 2001-11-20 2004-11-02 General Motors Corporation Low contact resistance PEM fuel cell
JP3854132B2 (en) * 2001-11-26 2006-12-06 富士通株式会社 Routing device and router device
US6982128B2 (en) 2002-01-28 2006-01-03 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Co-catalyst proton exchange membrane fuel cell utilizing borohydride fuels
US7384524B2 (en) * 2002-02-28 2008-06-10 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Detection of carbon monoxide in hydrogen-based gas streams
US6699614B2 (en) 2002-03-18 2004-03-02 General Motors Corporation Converging/diverging flow channels for fuel cell
US6908500B2 (en) * 2002-04-08 2005-06-21 Motorola, Inc. System and method for controlling gas transport in a fuel cell
US6887602B2 (en) 2002-04-15 2005-05-03 General Motors Corporation Rapid response fuel cell system
US6773841B2 (en) * 2002-04-25 2004-08-10 General Motors Corporation Fuel cell having insulated coolant manifold
US6896986B2 (en) * 2002-04-26 2005-05-24 General Motors Corporation Multi-stage rapid vaporization apparatus and method
US6824904B2 (en) * 2002-04-26 2004-11-30 General Motors Corporation Reactor for preferential oxidation and method of use
US6911277B2 (en) * 2002-05-01 2005-06-28 General Motors Corporation Device and method to expand operating range of a fuel cell stack
US6933003B2 (en) * 2002-06-13 2005-08-23 General Motors Corporation Method of making membrane electrode assemblies
US6916573B2 (en) * 2002-07-24 2005-07-12 General Motors Corporation PEM fuel cell stack without gas diffusion media
US6630265B1 (en) * 2002-08-13 2003-10-07 Hoku Scientific, Inc. Composite electrolyte for fuel cells
US6838202B2 (en) * 2002-08-19 2005-01-04 General Motors Corporation Fuel cell bipolar plate having a conductive foam as a coolant layer
US20040036394A1 (en) * 2002-08-21 2004-02-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Process for preparing multi-layer proton exchange membranes and membrane electrode assemblies
US7494735B2 (en) * 2002-08-29 2009-02-24 General Motors Corporation Fuel cell stack design and method of operation
US6794068B2 (en) * 2002-08-29 2004-09-21 General Motors Corporation Fuel cell stack design and method of operation
US20040086772A1 (en) * 2002-09-06 2004-05-06 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Fuel cell electrode comprising CO and sulfur tolerant metal compound hydrogen activation catalyst
US7179553B2 (en) * 2002-09-06 2007-02-20 General Motors Corporation Method for detecting electrical defects in membrane electrode assemblies
US7312174B2 (en) * 2002-09-09 2007-12-25 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Method for preparing highly loaded, highly dispersed platinum metal on a carbon substrate
US7977005B2 (en) * 2002-10-08 2011-07-12 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Edge-protected catalyst-coated membrane electrode assemblies
US6861173B2 (en) * 2002-10-08 2005-03-01 Sompalli Bhaskar Catalyst layer edge protection for enhanced MEA durability in PEM fuel cells
US7713644B2 (en) * 2002-10-08 2010-05-11 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Catalyst layer edge protection for enhanced MEA durability in PEM fuel cells
US8007949B2 (en) * 2002-10-08 2011-08-30 Bhaskar Sompalli Edge-protected catalyst-coated diffusion media and membrane electrode assemblies
US20040229108A1 (en) * 2002-11-08 2004-11-18 Valdez Thomas I. Anode structure for direct methanol fuel cell
US6755669B2 (en) * 2002-11-20 2004-06-29 General Motors Corporation Elongated elastomeric connector and method
US7282291B2 (en) * 2002-11-25 2007-10-16 California Institute Of Technology Water free proton conducting membranes based on poly-4-vinylpyridinebisulfate for fuel cells
KR101163682B1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2012-07-09 맷슨 테크날러지 캐나다 인코퍼레이티드 Apparatus and method for supporting a workpiece
US7537738B2 (en) * 2003-01-21 2009-05-26 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Fuel processing system having a membrane separator
US7678346B2 (en) * 2003-01-30 2010-03-16 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Dual function CO clean-up/sorber unit
WO2004084237A2 (en) 2003-03-19 2004-09-30 Ird A/S Interlocking isolator for fuel cells
US7960072B2 (en) * 2003-04-04 2011-06-14 GM Global Technology Operations LLC MEA with catalyst for oxidation of carbon monoxide
US7459227B2 (en) * 2003-04-18 2008-12-02 General Motors Corporation Stamped fuel cell bipolar plate
US20050026012A1 (en) * 2003-07-28 2005-02-03 O'hara Jeanette E. Diffusion media tailored to account for variations in operating humidity and devices incorporating the same
US7332240B2 (en) * 2003-07-28 2008-02-19 General Motors Corporation Spatially varying diffusion media and devices incorporating the same
US6967039B2 (en) * 2003-07-28 2005-11-22 General Motors Corporation Untreated diffusion media with mesoporous layer and devices incorporating the same
US6962959B2 (en) * 2003-08-28 2005-11-08 Hoku Scientific, Inc. Composite electrolyte with crosslinking agents
US20050058869A1 (en) * 2003-09-16 2005-03-17 Mathias Mark F. Low cost gas diffusion media for use in PEM fuel cells
US20050072514A1 (en) * 2003-10-06 2005-04-07 Yan Susan G. Method of making membrane electrode assemblies
US7923137B2 (en) 2003-10-09 2011-04-12 Eveready Battery Company, Inc. Nonaqueous cell with improved thermoplastic sealing member
US7815699B2 (en) * 2003-10-21 2010-10-19 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Method for starting a primary reactor
US20050095494A1 (en) * 2003-11-03 2005-05-05 Fuss Robert L. Variable catalyst loading based on flow field geometry
US20050106435A1 (en) * 2003-11-13 2005-05-19 Jang Bor Z. Twin-wire arc deposited electrode, solid electrolyte membrane, membrane electrode assembly and fuel cell
US7306874B2 (en) * 2003-11-20 2007-12-11 General Motors Corporation PEM fuel cell stack with coated flow distribution network
US7157178B2 (en) * 2003-11-24 2007-01-02 General Motors Corporation Proton exchange membrane fuel cell
US20050110464A1 (en) * 2003-11-25 2005-05-26 Baker Howard S. Fuel cell voltage monitoring system
US7255948B2 (en) * 2003-11-28 2007-08-14 Ird Fuel Cells A/S Fuel-cell reactant delivery and circulation device
US7955758B2 (en) * 2004-01-22 2011-06-07 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Membrane electrode assembly prepared by direct spray of catalyst to membrane
DE102004004950A1 (en) * 2004-01-31 2005-08-18 Volkswagen Ag Fuel cell has improved electrical connections provided by a plate having a number of contact bolts
TWI276654B (en) * 2004-02-18 2007-03-21 Ind Tech Res Inst Proton exchange membrane (PEM) with different molecular permeation rates
US7344788B2 (en) * 2004-02-19 2008-03-18 General Motors Corporation Starting a fuel cell system using ambient air and a low voltage blower
DE602005015197D1 (en) 2004-03-03 2009-08-13 Ird Fuel Cells As BIPOLAR DOUBLE FUNCTION DISCS FOR FUEL CELLS
KR100953545B1 (en) * 2004-03-23 2010-04-21 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Supported catalyst and method of preparing the same
US20050261469A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2005-11-24 Gangadhar Panambur High performance polymer electrolyte with improved thermal and chemical characteristics
US20050266980A1 (en) * 2004-05-28 2005-12-01 Mada Kannan Arunachala N Process of producing a novel MEA with enhanced electrode/electrolyte adhesion and performancese characteristics
CN100405641C (en) * 2004-06-23 2008-07-23 比亚迪股份有限公司 Electrode production of fuel battery membrane with proton exchange membrane
US7858252B2 (en) * 2004-06-28 2010-12-28 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Active control strategy for PEM fuel cell liquid water evacuation
US7329469B2 (en) * 2004-08-06 2008-02-12 General Motors Corporation Method of establishing connections between measuring electronics and fuel cell stack
US7624753B2 (en) * 2004-08-10 2009-12-01 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Container for gas storage tanks in a vehicle
US7270209B2 (en) * 2004-08-10 2007-09-18 General Motors Corporation Modular fuel storage system for a vehicle
US7597983B2 (en) * 2004-08-25 2009-10-06 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Edge stress relief in diffusion media
JP4917035B2 (en) 2004-09-03 2012-04-18 ゼネラル・モーターズ・コーポレーション Method for aligning repeating and non-repeating units in a fuel cell stack
US7473480B2 (en) * 2004-10-19 2009-01-06 General Motors Corporation Low voltage compressor operation for a fuel cell power system
US20060088748A1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2006-04-27 Gangadhar Panambur Novel compositions of monomers, oligomers and polymers and methods for making the same
US20060088749A1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2006-04-27 Gangadhar Panambur Novel compositions of monomers, oligomers and polymers and methods for making the same
US20060089510A1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2006-04-27 Gangadhar Panambur Novel compositions of monomers, oligomers and polymers and methods for making the same
US7816058B2 (en) * 2004-11-05 2010-10-19 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Split architectures for MEA durability
CA2587729C (en) 2004-11-16 2014-06-10 Battelle Memorial Institute Solution based enhancements of fuel cell components and other electrochemical systems and devices
US20060292407A1 (en) * 2004-12-15 2006-12-28 Dominic Gervasio Microfluidic fuel cell system and method for portable energy applications
US7704486B2 (en) * 2005-02-16 2010-04-27 Basf Corporation Precious metal water-gas shift catalyst with oxide support modified with rare earth elements
CA2805293C (en) 2005-02-21 2015-06-23 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Electrode catalyst and method for producing the same
US20060199059A1 (en) * 2005-03-01 2006-09-07 Xu Helen X Ion conductive polymer electrolyte and its membrane electrode assembly
US20060199061A1 (en) * 2005-03-02 2006-09-07 Fiebig Bradley N Water management in bipolar electrochemical cell stacks
US20080187808A1 (en) * 2005-03-16 2008-08-07 Jorgen Schjerning Lundsgaard Integrated Humidified Fuel Cell Assembly
JP2008534719A (en) 2005-03-30 2008-08-28 ユミコア・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト・ウント・コムパニー・コマンディットゲゼルシャフト Ink for producing catalyst layer
US20060222920A1 (en) * 2005-04-01 2006-10-05 Belabbes Merzougui Metal cations chelators for fuel cells
US7399549B2 (en) * 2005-04-22 2008-07-15 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Altering zeta potential of dispersions for better HCD performance and dispersion stability
US20060240306A1 (en) * 2005-04-22 2006-10-26 Mikhail Youssef M Stable, inexpensive, and freeze capable gasket for PEM fuel cells
WO2006119147A2 (en) * 2005-05-02 2006-11-09 General Motors Global Technology Operations, Inc. Supports for fuel cell catalysts
EP1935046B1 (en) * 2005-07-27 2013-08-21 Ird Fuel Cells A/S Modified fuel cells with internal humidification and/or temperature control systems
US8221693B2 (en) * 2005-08-01 2012-07-17 Basf Corporation Use of a radial zone coating to facilitate a two-stage prox system with single air injection
US20070059580A1 (en) * 2005-09-15 2007-03-15 Budinski Michael K Design strategies for corrosion mitigation
WO2007048612A2 (en) * 2005-10-27 2007-05-03 Ird Fuel Cells A/S Membrane electrode assemblies for dmfc having catalyst concentration gradient
US8007943B2 (en) * 2005-11-03 2011-08-30 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Cascaded stack with gas flow recycle in the first stage
US20070102283A1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2007-05-10 Won Tae K PVD method to condition a substrate surface
US20070178341A1 (en) * 2006-01-27 2007-08-02 Christian Wieser Gas channel coating with water-uptake related volume change for influencing gas velocity
US7955750B2 (en) * 2006-02-21 2011-06-07 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Controlled electrode overlap architecture for improved MEA durability
US20070207362A1 (en) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-06 Andreas Koenekamp Freeze capable compact fuel cell system with improved humidification and removal of excess water and trapped nitrogen
US8343452B2 (en) * 2006-03-20 2013-01-01 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Acrylic fiber bonded carbon fiber paper as gas diffusion media for fuel cell
CN100392896C (en) * 2006-03-23 2008-06-04 武汉理工大学 Mehtod for preparing core assembly for proton exchange membrane fuel cell with adjustable hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity
US7569299B2 (en) 2006-07-25 2009-08-04 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Multi-component fuel cell gasket for low temperature sealing and minimal membrane contamination
US9343767B2 (en) * 2006-07-26 2016-05-17 Basf Se Catalyst for low-temperature conversion and process for the low-temperature conversion of carbon monoxide and water into carbon dioxide and hydrogen
US7749632B2 (en) 2006-07-27 2010-07-06 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Flow shifting coolant during freeze start-up to promote stack durability and fast start-up
US7799479B2 (en) * 2006-10-16 2010-09-21 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Integrated pressure relief valve for fuel cell stack
US7883810B2 (en) * 2006-11-09 2011-02-08 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Slow purge for improved water removal, freeze durability, purge energy efficiency and voltage degradation due to shutdown/startup cycling
US8455155B2 (en) * 2006-11-22 2013-06-04 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Inexpensive approach for coating bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells
US9401523B2 (en) 2007-01-09 2016-07-26 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Fuel cell and method for reducing electrode degradation during startup and shutdown cycles
US8029939B2 (en) 2007-01-25 2011-10-04 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Fuel cell ejector with integrated check valve
US20080199751A1 (en) * 2007-02-20 2008-08-21 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Bipolar plate for an air breathing fuel cell stack
US8026020B2 (en) 2007-05-08 2011-09-27 Relion, Inc. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack and fuel cell stack module
US9293778B2 (en) 2007-06-11 2016-03-22 Emergent Power Inc. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell
US20080311441A1 (en) 2007-06-14 2008-12-18 Hochgraf Clark G Fuel cell system using cathode exhaust for anode recirculation
GB0711882D0 (en) 2007-06-20 2007-07-25 Johnson Matthey Plc Catalyst layer
US7709120B2 (en) 2007-06-28 2010-05-04 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Method to maximize fuel cell stack shorting resistance
US20090004530A1 (en) * 2007-06-28 2009-01-01 Christian Koenig Control valve with enhanced inner surface
US7896023B2 (en) 2007-07-17 2011-03-01 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Fuel leakage vent for fuel source and valve interface
US20090023013A1 (en) * 2007-07-17 2009-01-22 Ford Motor Company Spray formed thin layers having fine features
US8901024B2 (en) * 2007-08-02 2014-12-02 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Ozone-treated carbon electrodes
US8003274B2 (en) 2007-10-25 2011-08-23 Relion, Inc. Direct liquid fuel cell
US8168340B2 (en) 2007-11-07 2012-05-01 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Water removal features for PEMfc stack manifolds
US8371328B2 (en) 2007-11-27 2013-02-12 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Back pressure valve with inductively heated flap
US8409769B2 (en) * 2007-12-07 2013-04-02 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Gas diffusion layer for fuel cell
US8920999B2 (en) * 2007-12-14 2014-12-30 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Multiple injector and ejector array
US8507151B2 (en) * 2008-01-17 2013-08-13 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Membrane electrode assembly having low surface ionomer concentration
US7888433B2 (en) * 2008-05-09 2011-02-15 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Sulfonated-polyperfluoro-cyclobutane-polyphenylene polymers for PEM fuel cell applications
US7897691B2 (en) 2008-05-09 2011-03-01 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications
US7897692B2 (en) * 2008-05-09 2011-03-01 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Sulfonated perfluorocyclobutane block copolymers and proton conductive polymer membranes
US7897693B2 (en) * 2008-05-09 2011-03-01 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Proton conductive polymer electrolytes and fuel cells
US8685580B2 (en) * 2008-06-20 2014-04-01 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Fuel cell with an electrolyte stabilizing agent and process of making the same
US20100035125A1 (en) * 2008-08-06 2010-02-11 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Layered electrode for electrochemical cells
US7976730B2 (en) * 2008-08-25 2011-07-12 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Blends of low equivalent molecular weight PFSA ionomers with Kynar 2751
JP5132699B2 (en) * 2010-02-22 2013-01-30 本田技研工業株式会社 Membrane electrode structure for fuel cell and manufacturing method thereof
EP2553751A4 (en) 2010-04-01 2014-07-16 Trenergi Corp High temperature membrane electrode assembly with high power density and corresponding method of making
KR101935075B1 (en) * 2011-06-06 2019-03-18 악신 워터 테크놀로지스 아이엔씨. Efficient treatment of wastewater using electrochemical cell
WO2013009275A1 (en) * 2011-07-08 2013-01-17 Utc Power Corporation Low platinum load electrode
US9257724B2 (en) * 2011-12-23 2016-02-09 Infineon Technologies Ag Reaction chamber arrangement and a method for forming a reaction chamber arrangement
US8828613B2 (en) 2012-03-29 2014-09-09 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Membrane electrode assemblies and fuel-cell systems with surface-modified electrocatalysts and methods for electrocatalyst surface modification
US10658692B1 (en) * 2013-07-01 2020-05-19 Pei Zhang Biological battery and biological cathode
EP3116053B1 (en) * 2014-03-05 2020-04-29 Nippon Chemi-Con Corporation Method of producing an electrode material and method of procing an electrode using said electrode material
US10633749B2 (en) 2014-07-23 2020-04-28 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Electrolyzer reactor and related methods
US10892160B2 (en) 2015-02-26 2021-01-12 Dynamic Solar Systems Ag Method for producing electrotechnical thin layers at room temperature, and electrotechnical thin layer
DE102016002213A1 (en) 2015-02-26 2016-11-03 Dynamic Solar Systems Ag PV layer sequence obtained by a room temperature method and room temperature method for producing a PV layer sequence
RU2731839C2 (en) * 2015-02-26 2020-09-08 Дайнемик Солар Системс Аг Method of producing electrotechnical thin films at room temperature, use thereof and heating system based on thin films obtained using said method
JP6887100B2 (en) * 2016-12-26 2021-06-16 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 Membrane electrode assembly and electrochemical hydrogen pump
KR102470266B1 (en) * 2017-04-20 2022-11-24 악신 워터 테크놀로지스 아이엔씨. Electrochemical cell for wastewater treatment with improved electrical protection
CN107658485B (en) * 2017-09-22 2020-11-24 深圳先进储能材料国家工程研究中心有限公司 Proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode and preparation method thereof
CN109898095B (en) * 2017-12-07 2021-02-19 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Device for electrochemically preparing hydrogen peroxide with zero electrode-diaphragm spacing and application method thereof

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3134697A (en) * 1959-11-03 1964-05-26 Gen Electric Fuel cell
US4272353A (en) * 1980-02-29 1981-06-09 General Electric Company Method of making solid polymer electrolyte catalytic electrodes and electrodes made thereby
JPS61295388A (en) * 1985-06-21 1986-12-26 Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd Production of ion exchange resin membrane-electrode joined body
US4826554A (en) * 1985-12-09 1989-05-02 The Dow Chemical Company Method for making an improved solid polymer electrolyte electrode using a binder
DE3672975D1 (en) * 1985-12-09 1990-08-30 Dow Chemical Co SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE ELECTRODE.
AT389020B (en) * 1986-08-08 1989-10-10 Peter Dipl Ing Dr Schuetz Fuel cell
US4876115A (en) * 1987-01-30 1989-10-24 United States Department Of Energy Electrode assembly for use in a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell
US4804592A (en) * 1987-10-16 1989-02-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Composite electrode for use in electrochemical cells
US5234777A (en) * 1991-02-19 1993-08-10 The Regents Of The University Of California Membrane catalyst layer for fuel cells

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0569062B1 (en) 1997-08-06
CA2081063C (en) 1997-02-18
EP0569062A3 (en) 1993-12-08
US5272017A (en) 1993-12-21
EP0569062A2 (en) 1993-11-10
DE69312788T2 (en) 1998-01-02
US5316871A (en) 1994-05-31
DE69312788D1 (en) 1997-09-11
EP0700108A3 (en) 1996-03-20
EP0700108A2 (en) 1996-03-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA2081063A1 (en) Method of making membrane-electrode assemblies for electrochemical cells and assemblies made thereby
US5885729A (en) Hydrophilic, graphite fuel cell electrode for use with an ionomer membrane and method of making a fuel cell.
AU6502394A (en) High-temperature fuel cell with improved solid electrolyte/electrode contact surface, and method of producing the contact surface
PL336926A1 (en) Two-pole plate of a separator for fuel cells with a proton-exchange membrane
CA2234691A1 (en) Fuel cell
WO2000002273A3 (en) Electrochemical fuel cell having a membrane electrode assembly formed in-situ and methods for forming same
CA2136133A1 (en) Improved manufacture of electrodes
ATE194366T1 (en) COMPOSITE MEMBRANE MADE OF ALPHA,BETA,BETA-TRIFLUOROSTYRENE AND SUBSTITUTED ALPHA,BETA,BETA-TRIFLUOROSTYRENE
WO1998019351A3 (en) Nanostructured ion conducting solid electrolytes
CA2288160A1 (en) Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with fluid distribution layer having integral sealing capability
CA2098800A1 (en) Electrode assemblies
CA2221175A1 (en) Electrochemical apparatus and process
CA2238189A1 (en) New polymer material for electrolytic membranes in fuel cells
CA2046226A1 (en) Solid oxide fuel cell and porous electrode for use in the same
CA2139167A1 (en) Electrode Used in Electrochemical Reaction and Fuel Cell Using the Same
EP1217680A3 (en) An ion exchange and electrode assembly for an electrochemical cell
JP3755840B2 (en) Electrode for polymer electrolyte fuel cell
WO1994013860A3 (en) Elastomeric compression pad with both expansion and electrical pathways
CA2335386A1 (en) Carbon fibril aggregates
WO2001080339A3 (en) Production of pem fuel cell stacks
CA2292033A1 (en) Electrode for fuel cell and a method for producing the electrode
EP1079451A3 (en) Polymer electrolyte fuel cell and method for manufacturing the same
CA2098606A1 (en) Efficiency enhancement for solid-electrolyte fuel cell
EP0216463A3 (en) Fuel cell with a matrix comprising an electrolyte
WO2005001953A3 (en) Methods of conditioning direct methanol fuel cells

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
EEER Examination request
MKLA Lapsed