CA2083660A1 - Synthesis of manganese oxidation catalyst - Google Patents
Synthesis of manganese oxidation catalystInfo
- Publication number
- CA2083660A1 CA2083660A1 CA002083660A CA2083660A CA2083660A1 CA 2083660 A1 CA2083660 A1 CA 2083660A1 CA 002083660 A CA002083660 A CA 002083660A CA 2083660 A CA2083660 A CA 2083660A CA 2083660 A1 CA2083660 A1 CA 2083660A1
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- manganese
- group
- iii
- ligand
- oxidising
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
- B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
- B01J31/1815—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine with more than one complexing nitrogen atom, e.g. bipyridyl, 2-aminopyridine
- B01J31/182—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine with more than one complexing nitrogen atom, e.g. bipyridyl, 2-aminopyridine comprising aliphatic or saturated rings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2204—Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
- B01J31/2208—Oxygen, e.g. acetylacetonates
- B01J31/2226—Anionic ligands, i.e. the overall ligand carries at least one formal negative charge
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/70—Oxidation reactions, e.g. epoxidation, (di)hydroxylation, dehydrogenation and analogues
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/02—Compositional aspects of complexes used, e.g. polynuclearity
- B01J2531/0213—Complexes without C-metal linkages
- B01J2531/0216—Bi- or polynuclear complexes, i.e. comprising two or more metal coordination centres, without metal-metal bonds, e.g. Cp(Lx)Zr-imidazole-Zr(Lx)Cp
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/02—Compositional aspects of complexes used, e.g. polynuclearity
- B01J2531/0238—Complexes comprising multidentate ligands, i.e. more than 2 ionic or coordinative bonds from the central metal to the ligand, the latter having at least two donor atoms, e.g. N, O, S, P
- B01J2531/0258—Flexible ligands, e.g. mainly sp3-carbon framework as exemplified by the "tedicyp" ligand, i.e. cis-cis-cis-1,2,3,4-tetrakis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)cyclopentane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/70—Complexes comprising metals of Group VII (VIIB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/72—Manganese
Abstract
C6153 (L) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A process is described for the preparation of a manganese complex catalyst having the formula:
wherein Mn is manganese in a III or IV oxidation state;
X is independently a coordinating or bridging species selected from the group:
H2O, O22-, O2-, OH-, HO2-, SH-, S2, >SO, C1-, N3-, SCN-, N3-, RSO3-, NH2-, NR3 and RCOO-;
R is a radical selected from the group H, alkyl aryl radicals, optionally substituted; and R1COO- is an alkyl or aryl radical, optionally substituted.
L is an organic ligand containing at least two nitrogen atoms that coordinate with the Mn;
z is an integer ranging from -4 to +4;
Y is a monovalent or multivalent counterion leading to charge neutrality; and q is an integer from 1 to 4;
the process comprising the steps of:-(i) reacting, in an aqueous medium, a manganese (II) salt with the ligand L to form a manganese coordinated substance, a counterion salt M2Yq being present wherein M is selected from the group consisting of metals, ammonium and alkanolammonium ions;
(ii) oxidising the manganese coordinated substance of step (i) with an oxidising agent;
(iii) basifying a reaction mixture containing the oxidised manganese coordinated substance formed in step (ii) to a pH of at least 10.5; and C6153 (L) (iv) contacting the basified reaction mixture with a further oxidising agent to form the manganese complex catalyst.
A process is described for the preparation of a manganese complex catalyst having the formula:
wherein Mn is manganese in a III or IV oxidation state;
X is independently a coordinating or bridging species selected from the group:
H2O, O22-, O2-, OH-, HO2-, SH-, S2, >SO, C1-, N3-, SCN-, N3-, RSO3-, NH2-, NR3 and RCOO-;
R is a radical selected from the group H, alkyl aryl radicals, optionally substituted; and R1COO- is an alkyl or aryl radical, optionally substituted.
L is an organic ligand containing at least two nitrogen atoms that coordinate with the Mn;
z is an integer ranging from -4 to +4;
Y is a monovalent or multivalent counterion leading to charge neutrality; and q is an integer from 1 to 4;
the process comprising the steps of:-(i) reacting, in an aqueous medium, a manganese (II) salt with the ligand L to form a manganese coordinated substance, a counterion salt M2Yq being present wherein M is selected from the group consisting of metals, ammonium and alkanolammonium ions;
(ii) oxidising the manganese coordinated substance of step (i) with an oxidising agent;
(iii) basifying a reaction mixture containing the oxidised manganese coordinated substance formed in step (ii) to a pH of at least 10.5; and C6153 (L) (iv) contacting the basified reaction mixture with a further oxidising agent to form the manganese complex catalyst.
Description
2~83~0 - 1 - C6153 (L) SYNTHE:SIS OF M~GAN:3SE: OX:I:DATION CATAI.Y8T
The invention concerns an improved synthesis of a manganese complex useful as a bleach catalyst.
Peroxide bleaching agents for use in laundering have been known for many years. Such agents are effective in removing stains, such as tea, fruit and wine stains, from clothing at or near boiling temperatures. The efficacy of peroxide bleaching agents generally diminishes sharply at temperatures below 60C.
It is known that many transition metal ions catalyse the decomposition of H202 and H202-liberating percompounds, such as sodium perborate. It has also been suggested that transition metal salts together with a chelating agent be employed to activate peroxide compounds to render them usable for satisfactory bleaching at lower temperatures.
Not all combinations of transition metals with chelating 20 agents are suitable for improving the bleaching performance of peroxide compound bleaches. Many combinations indeed show no effect, or even a worsening effect, on the bleaching performance. A recent advance in this technolo~y was reported in European Patent Specification No. 458 397. Therein was reported a cIass 2~83~
- 2 - C6~53 (L) of highly active bleaching catalysts in the form of a manganese complex having the general formula:
[LnMnmXp]ZYq , and especially the species:
[MnIV2 ( ,U-O ) 3 (Me-TACN) 2 ] ( PF6 ) 21E~2 ~
Several of the aforementioned complexes were first synthesized and described by K. Wieghardt in the UJournal ` of American Chemical Society", 1~88, Vol. 110, No. 22, page 7398, as well as in the "~ournal of Chemical Society - Chemical Communications", 1985, page 1145.
` 15 The synthesis route as described in the above art involves ~; the reaction in aqueous medium of a manganese ~III)-~ compound, e.g. Mn (III)-triacetate, with a nitrogen--~ containing ligand, e.g. 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, using an ethanol/water mixture as the solvent. A drawback of the aforementioned process is that only low yields of the dinuclear Mn (III)-complex can be ~- achieved. Another problem associated with the process of the art is that, owing to the slow crystallisation of the product, long reaction times are necessary. Still another problem is that besides crystallisation of the desired product, long reaction times are necessary. Still another problem is that besides crystallisation of the desired product, decomposition also seems to occur, yielding manganese dioxide which contaminates the desired product.
Therefore, a purification process is required when the product is to be converted into the dinuclear Mn (IV)-complex.
~3~0 - 3 - C6153 (L) Accordingly, the present invention seeks to provide an improved method for the preparation of manganese (III)-and manyanese (IV)-dinuclear complexes.
In particular, the present invention seeks to provide an improved method for preparing dinuclear manganese (III)-complexes of high purity in high yields, which can be converted into the corresponding dinuclear manganese (IV)-complexes by oxidation.
It has now been found that high yields of dinuclear manganese complexes of relatively high purity can be obtained at a much shorter reaction time and essentially, in a single pot reaction through the use of simple manganese (II~ inorganic salts.
;
Thus, the present invention provides a process for the preparing a manganese complex catalyst having the formula:
/ X
/
[L Mn - X n L]~Yq \/
X
wherein Mn is manganese in a III or IV oxidation state;
X is independently a coordinating or bridging ~pecies : selected from the group consisting of:
H20, 022-, o2-, OH-, H02-, SH-, S2-, >S0, C1-, N3-, SCN-, N3-, RS03-, NH2- ~ NR3 and RC00-;
R is a radical selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, aryl radicals, both optionally substituted, and R1C00-, where R1 is an alkyl or aryl radical both optionally substituted;
.
, 2~83~
The invention concerns an improved synthesis of a manganese complex useful as a bleach catalyst.
Peroxide bleaching agents for use in laundering have been known for many years. Such agents are effective in removing stains, such as tea, fruit and wine stains, from clothing at or near boiling temperatures. The efficacy of peroxide bleaching agents generally diminishes sharply at temperatures below 60C.
It is known that many transition metal ions catalyse the decomposition of H202 and H202-liberating percompounds, such as sodium perborate. It has also been suggested that transition metal salts together with a chelating agent be employed to activate peroxide compounds to render them usable for satisfactory bleaching at lower temperatures.
Not all combinations of transition metals with chelating 20 agents are suitable for improving the bleaching performance of peroxide compound bleaches. Many combinations indeed show no effect, or even a worsening effect, on the bleaching performance. A recent advance in this technolo~y was reported in European Patent Specification No. 458 397. Therein was reported a cIass 2~83~
- 2 - C6~53 (L) of highly active bleaching catalysts in the form of a manganese complex having the general formula:
[LnMnmXp]ZYq , and especially the species:
[MnIV2 ( ,U-O ) 3 (Me-TACN) 2 ] ( PF6 ) 21E~2 ~
Several of the aforementioned complexes were first synthesized and described by K. Wieghardt in the UJournal ` of American Chemical Society", 1~88, Vol. 110, No. 22, page 7398, as well as in the "~ournal of Chemical Society - Chemical Communications", 1985, page 1145.
` 15 The synthesis route as described in the above art involves ~; the reaction in aqueous medium of a manganese ~III)-~ compound, e.g. Mn (III)-triacetate, with a nitrogen--~ containing ligand, e.g. 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, using an ethanol/water mixture as the solvent. A drawback of the aforementioned process is that only low yields of the dinuclear Mn (III)-complex can be ~- achieved. Another problem associated with the process of the art is that, owing to the slow crystallisation of the product, long reaction times are necessary. Still another problem is that besides crystallisation of the desired product, long reaction times are necessary. Still another problem is that besides crystallisation of the desired product, decomposition also seems to occur, yielding manganese dioxide which contaminates the desired product.
Therefore, a purification process is required when the product is to be converted into the dinuclear Mn (IV)-complex.
~3~0 - 3 - C6153 (L) Accordingly, the present invention seeks to provide an improved method for the preparation of manganese (III)-and manyanese (IV)-dinuclear complexes.
In particular, the present invention seeks to provide an improved method for preparing dinuclear manganese (III)-complexes of high purity in high yields, which can be converted into the corresponding dinuclear manganese (IV)-complexes by oxidation.
It has now been found that high yields of dinuclear manganese complexes of relatively high purity can be obtained at a much shorter reaction time and essentially, in a single pot reaction through the use of simple manganese (II~ inorganic salts.
;
Thus, the present invention provides a process for the preparing a manganese complex catalyst having the formula:
/ X
/
[L Mn - X n L]~Yq \/
X
wherein Mn is manganese in a III or IV oxidation state;
X is independently a coordinating or bridging ~pecies : selected from the group consisting of:
H20, 022-, o2-, OH-, H02-, SH-, S2-, >S0, C1-, N3-, SCN-, N3-, RS03-, NH2- ~ NR3 and RC00-;
R is a radical selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, aryl radicals, both optionally substituted, and R1C00-, where R1 is an alkyl or aryl radical both optionally substituted;
.
, 2~83~
- 4 - C6153 (L) L is an organic ligand containing at least two nitrogen atoms that coordinate with the Mn;
z is an integer ranging from -4 to ~4;
Y is a monovalent or multivalent counterion leading to charge neutrality; and q is an integer from 1 to 4;
the process comprising the steps of:-(i) reacting, in an aqueous medium, a manganese (II) salt with the ligand L to form a manganese coordinated substance, a counterion salt MzYq being present wherein M is selected from the group consisting of metals, ammonium and alkanolammonium ions;
(ii) oxidising the manganese coordinated substance of step (i) with an oxidising agent;
(iii) basifying a reaction mixture containing the oxidised manganese coordinated substance formed in step (ii) to a pH of at least 10.5; and (iv) contacting the basified reaction mixture with a further oxidising agent to form the manganese complex catalyst.
The counterion Y needed for charge neutrality of the complex is generally provided by carrying out the complexation reaction in the presence of a counterion-forming salt. Though the type of the counterion-forming ~; salt, e.g. chlorides; sulphates; nitrates;
methylsulphates; and surfactants such as alkyl sulphates, alkyl sulphonates, alkylbenzene sulphonates, tosylates, trifluoromethyl sulphonates, perchlorates, NaBH4 and KPF6, is not critical for the conversion, some salts are more preferred than others in terms of product properties or safety. For example, small counterions will produce oily li~uids and perchlorates are potentially explosive and could become a severe hazard upon large-scale preparation.
Preferred çounterions are the large molecules from ~83~
z is an integer ranging from -4 to ~4;
Y is a monovalent or multivalent counterion leading to charge neutrality; and q is an integer from 1 to 4;
the process comprising the steps of:-(i) reacting, in an aqueous medium, a manganese (II) salt with the ligand L to form a manganese coordinated substance, a counterion salt MzYq being present wherein M is selected from the group consisting of metals, ammonium and alkanolammonium ions;
(ii) oxidising the manganese coordinated substance of step (i) with an oxidising agent;
(iii) basifying a reaction mixture containing the oxidised manganese coordinated substance formed in step (ii) to a pH of at least 10.5; and (iv) contacting the basified reaction mixture with a further oxidising agent to form the manganese complex catalyst.
The counterion Y needed for charge neutrality of the complex is generally provided by carrying out the complexation reaction in the presence of a counterion-forming salt. Though the type of the counterion-forming ~; salt, e.g. chlorides; sulphates; nitrates;
methylsulphates; and surfactants such as alkyl sulphates, alkyl sulphonates, alkylbenzene sulphonates, tosylates, trifluoromethyl sulphonates, perchlorates, NaBH4 and KPF6, is not critical for the conversion, some salts are more preferred than others in terms of product properties or safety. For example, small counterions will produce oily li~uids and perchlorates are potentially explosive and could become a severe hazard upon large-scale preparation.
Preferred çounterions are the large molecules from ~83~
- 5 - C6153 (L) surfactants, especially tosylate. A particularly preferred counterion is PF~-, which is conveniently obtained from KPF6. Dinuclear manganese (III) and manganese (IV) complexes having PF6- as the counterion, are solid crystalline products which are easy to handle and to form into a granulated catalyst product.
Suitable and preferable ligands for use in the present invention are those which contain at least three nitrogen atoms and which coordinate by three nitrogen atoms to one of the manganese centers. Preferably the ligands are of a macrocyclic nature.
The nitrogen atoms can be part of tertiary, secondary or primary amine groups~ but also can be part of aromatic ring systems, e.g. pyridines, pyrazoles, etc. or combinations thereof.
Examples of specific ligands most preferred are those having the structures:
C~ ~ C/H3 ~ ~ ~ 5H3 N N HN NH N N
25~ CH ~ ~ INH ~ C /CN
~I) (II) (III) 30 ~ CH3 r \ CH3 ~ CH ~ ~ ¦
35 (IV) (V) 2~83~
Suitable and preferable ligands for use in the present invention are those which contain at least three nitrogen atoms and which coordinate by three nitrogen atoms to one of the manganese centers. Preferably the ligands are of a macrocyclic nature.
The nitrogen atoms can be part of tertiary, secondary or primary amine groups~ but also can be part of aromatic ring systems, e.g. pyridines, pyrazoles, etc. or combinations thereof.
Examples of specific ligands most preferred are those having the structures:
C~ ~ C/H3 ~ ~ ~ 5H3 N N HN NH N N
25~ CH ~ ~ INH ~ C /CN
~I) (II) (III) 30 ~ CH3 r \ CH3 ~ CH ~ ~ ¦
35 (IV) (V) 2~83~
- 6 - C6153 ~L) N. N N
N ~ ~ .N
(VI) (VII) rN N-\-N S~
~
(VIII) The most preferred ligands are (I) to (V), with (I) being particularly preferred.
Ligand (I) is 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-tria~acyclononane, ; coded as Me3-TACN; ligand (II) is 1,4,7-triazacyclononane, coded as TACN; ligand (III) is 1,5,9-trimethyl-1,5,9-triazacyclododecane, coded as Me3-TACD; ligand (IV) is 2-methyl-1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, coded as Me/Me3-TACN; and ligand (V) is 2-methyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, coded as Me/TACN.
: 25 Any of these complexes, either preformed or formed in situ during the washing process, are useful catalysts for bleach activation of peroxy compounds over a wide class of stains at lower temperatures in a much.more effective way than the Mn-based catalysts of the art hitherto known.
Furthermore, these catalysts exhibit stability against hydrolysis and oxidation, even in the presence of oxidants such as hypochlorite.
.
2~83~
N ~ ~ .N
(VI) (VII) rN N-\-N S~
~
(VIII) The most preferred ligands are (I) to (V), with (I) being particularly preferred.
Ligand (I) is 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-tria~acyclononane, ; coded as Me3-TACN; ligand (II) is 1,4,7-triazacyclononane, coded as TACN; ligand (III) is 1,5,9-trimethyl-1,5,9-triazacyclododecane, coded as Me3-TACD; ligand (IV) is 2-methyl-1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, coded as Me/Me3-TACN; and ligand (V) is 2-methyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, coded as Me/TACN.
: 25 Any of these complexes, either preformed or formed in situ during the washing process, are useful catalysts for bleach activation of peroxy compounds over a wide class of stains at lower temperatures in a much.more effective way than the Mn-based catalysts of the art hitherto known.
Furthermore, these catalysts exhibit stability against hydrolysis and oxidation, even in the presence of oxidants such as hypochlorite.
.
2~83~
- 7 - C6153 (L) Manganese complexes which are the object of the present synthesis and which are particularly preferred are those with the following structures:
[LMn(IV) (~-0)3Mn(IV)L]ZYq wherein L, Y, g and z are as described above.
Specifically preferred is a compound of the structure:
_ 2 Me Me ~
MeN $~ Mn~V--O--MnIv~N-Me (PF6 )2 ~ N ~ ~ O ~ ~~~~- N
Me Me , _ , abbreviated as [MnIV2(~-0)3(Me3-TACN)2](PF6)2.
An important advantage of the process according to the ::invention is that it can be performed in a single reactor without isolation of any intermediate products as was heretofore required. A first step of the process involves reacting a manganese (II) salt with a ligand L in the : 25 presence of a counterion salt MzYq. Suitable as manganese (II) salts are manganese chloride, manganese sulphate, manganese bromide and manganese nitrate, with manganese chloride being pxeferred.
The molar ratio of manganese (II) salt to ligand may range anywhere from 4:1 to 1:2, preferably from about 2:1 to about 1:1, optimally about 1.5:1 to 1:1. Relative molar ratios of the manganese (II) salt to the counterion salt will range fxom about 4:1 to 1:4, preferably from about 2:1 to about 1:2, optimally between about 1:1 and 1:2. In B ~
[LMn(IV) (~-0)3Mn(IV)L]ZYq wherein L, Y, g and z are as described above.
Specifically preferred is a compound of the structure:
_ 2 Me Me ~
MeN $~ Mn~V--O--MnIv~N-Me (PF6 )2 ~ N ~ ~ O ~ ~~~~- N
Me Me , _ , abbreviated as [MnIV2(~-0)3(Me3-TACN)2](PF6)2.
An important advantage of the process according to the ::invention is that it can be performed in a single reactor without isolation of any intermediate products as was heretofore required. A first step of the process involves reacting a manganese (II) salt with a ligand L in the : 25 presence of a counterion salt MzYq. Suitable as manganese (II) salts are manganese chloride, manganese sulphate, manganese bromide and manganese nitrate, with manganese chloride being pxeferred.
The molar ratio of manganese (II) salt to ligand may range anywhere from 4:1 to 1:2, preferably from about 2:1 to about 1:1, optimally about 1.5:1 to 1:1. Relative molar ratios of the manganese (II) salt to the counterion salt will range fxom about 4:1 to 1:4, preferably from about 2:1 to about 1:2, optimally between about 1:1 and 1:2. In B ~
- 8 - C6153 ~L) a separate step of the reaction, a manganese coordinated substance formed in the first step is oxidized. Oxidation can be performed with air, pure oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate or any combination thereof.
In a third step of the reaction, the reaction mixture from the second step is basified to increase the pH to at least 10.5. Suitable basifying agents include alkali metal hydroxides, alkylamines and alkanolamines; preferred is triethylamine.
In the final step of the reaction, the basified reaction mixtures are contacted with a further oxidising agent to form the manganese complex catalyst. Suitable oxidising agents for this step may be air, pure oxygen, hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate.
For the purposes of this invention, there need be no isolation of any manganese acetate intermediates. In fact, such isolation of a manganese acetate intermediate is disadvantageous. Further, for the purposes of this invention it is advantageous to employ a protic solvent system. Particularly useful is a combination of a C,-C~
alkanol and water in a ratio of about 10:1 to 1:10, optimally about 1:1. The preferred alkanol is ethanol.
The following examples will more fully illustrate the embodiments of this invention. All concentrations presented being by weight unless otherwise indicated.
2~83~
In a third step of the reaction, the reaction mixture from the second step is basified to increase the pH to at least 10.5. Suitable basifying agents include alkali metal hydroxides, alkylamines and alkanolamines; preferred is triethylamine.
In the final step of the reaction, the basified reaction mixtures are contacted with a further oxidising agent to form the manganese complex catalyst. Suitable oxidising agents for this step may be air, pure oxygen, hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate.
For the purposes of this invention, there need be no isolation of any manganese acetate intermediates. In fact, such isolation of a manganese acetate intermediate is disadvantageous. Further, for the purposes of this invention it is advantageous to employ a protic solvent system. Particularly useful is a combination of a C,-C~
alkanol and water in a ratio of about 10:1 to 1:10, optimally about 1:1. The preferred alkanol is ethanol.
The following examples will more fully illustrate the embodiments of this invention. All concentrations presented being by weight unless otherwise indicated.
2~83~
- 9 - C6153 (L) Svnthesis of Mn(IVL(Me~TACN),(U-0)~(PF~)~.H~0 In a 250 ml round-bottomed flask equipped with a stir bar, Mn(II)Cl2 (0.~8 g, 7.0 mmol) and NaPF6 (1.6 g, 9.3 mmol) were dissolved in 25 ml of water followed by addition of ethanol (20 ml). Then the ligand, MeTACN (1.0 g, 5.8 mmol) dissolved in 5 ml of ethanol, was slowly added to the flask forming a light brown precipitate. 3% H202 (1.5 ml, 0.15 eq) was added dropwise to the flask through an addition funnel over 10 minutes and resulting in the formation of a brown suspension. Triethylamine (3 ml) was added to the mixture increasing the pH to 210.5. The final oxidation was performed by purging 2 through the solution at a rate of 160 ml/min for 3.0 hours. The reaction mixture was then filtered to remove the MnO2 byproduct and rinsed with 85:15 ethanol:water through a frit until the filtrate rinsed clear. The red filtrate was concentrated to one-tenth the volume by ro~ary evaporation causing precipitation of the red Mn(IV)2(Me3TACN)2(~-0)3(PF6)2.H20. The first crop of crystals were then isolated by filtration. The red solid was dried in vacuo. (yield = 60-65%; purity = 70-75%).
Determination of Oxidants Several experiments were run to determine the best oxidan~
for the oxidation of Mn(IV) 2 (Me3TACN) 2 (~-) 3 (PF6) 2 H20 -Initially the oxidation was run in air overnight yielding only 18% product. Since air was not a strong enough oxidant, a combination of H202/air was tried. The reaction gave a yield of only 7%. In another experiment a , ~%~
Determination of Oxidants Several experiments were run to determine the best oxidan~
for the oxidation of Mn(IV) 2 (Me3TACN) 2 (~-) 3 (PF6) 2 H20 -Initially the oxidation was run in air overnight yielding only 18% product. Since air was not a strong enough oxidant, a combination of H202/air was tried. The reaction gave a yield of only 7%. In another experiment a , ~%~
10 - C6153 (L) combination of air/02 was attempted and the yield increased to 25%. Further improvements were made when 2 was used as the oxidant for the entire reaction. Finally, the best yields (>60~) were seen when a combination of H202/02 was used for the oxidation reaction. In this experiment, H202 was initially added to oxidize the Mn(II)Cl2 to the Mn intermediate and 2 was used for the final oxidation to Mn(IV) 2 (Me3TACN) 2 ( ~- ) 3 ( PF6 ) 2 H20- The results from these experiments are found in Table I below.
Table I
Oxidizina Aqent YieldReaction Time First SteP Second Step ; Air Air 18~ 18-24 hours H202 Air 7% 18-24 hours Air 2 25% 18-24 hours ` 2 2 39% 5 hours Air H202 NP 3 hours 2 H202 NP 3 hours KMn04 KMnO4 50% 3 hours H22 2 >60% 3 hours Determination of Most Effective ~H for Oxidation Reaction The final oxidation step to form the Mn(IV) 2 (Me3TACN) 2 (~-0)3(PF6)2.H20 complex must be performed in a basic solution.
Several experiments were run to determine the most effective pH for the oxidation reaction. The results from these experiments show that there is virtually no conversion to the product at either pH 8 or 9. At pH 10 there is some conversion. The best purity and yields were obtained when the reaction was performed at pH>10.5.
Table II below shows the results of these experiments.
2~3~6~
Table I
Oxidizina Aqent YieldReaction Time First SteP Second Step ; Air Air 18~ 18-24 hours H202 Air 7% 18-24 hours Air 2 25% 18-24 hours ` 2 2 39% 5 hours Air H202 NP 3 hours 2 H202 NP 3 hours KMn04 KMnO4 50% 3 hours H22 2 >60% 3 hours Determination of Most Effective ~H for Oxidation Reaction The final oxidation step to form the Mn(IV) 2 (Me3TACN) 2 (~-0)3(PF6)2.H20 complex must be performed in a basic solution.
Several experiments were run to determine the most effective pH for the oxidation reaction. The results from these experiments show that there is virtually no conversion to the product at either pH 8 or 9. At pH 10 there is some conversion. The best purity and yields were obtained when the reaction was performed at pH>10.5.
Table II below shows the results of these experiments.
2~3~6~
- 11 - C6153 (L) Table II
Yield at Various pH~s 5 pH EtlN 10%NaOH PuritY Yield 8 5 drops 0 5% 4%
9 Approx. 1 ml 0 -- None 1-2 ml 0 31% 45%
10.5 5 ml 0 70-75~ 60-65%
11~0 3 ml 1-2 ml 60-70% 60-65 Determlnation of Reactiv_tv with Various Ml II) Salts The following reactions were performed on a 1.0 g scale via the experimental conditions shown under Example 1.
Different Mn(II) salts were utilized to synthesise Mn(IV) 2 (Me3TACN) 2 (~- ) 3 ( PF6) 2 H20 and Table III lists the results of these syntheses comparing yield and purity of the final product lsolated.
Table III
Mn(II) Salt PuritY Yield MnCl2 72% 65%
MnS04-H20 58% 33%
MnBr2 70% 55%
Mn(NO3) 2 53% 29%
The foregoing description and examples illustrate selected embodiments of the present invention. In light thereof, various modifications will be suggested to one skilled in the art, all of which are within the spirit and purview of this invention.
Yield at Various pH~s 5 pH EtlN 10%NaOH PuritY Yield 8 5 drops 0 5% 4%
9 Approx. 1 ml 0 -- None 1-2 ml 0 31% 45%
10.5 5 ml 0 70-75~ 60-65%
11~0 3 ml 1-2 ml 60-70% 60-65 Determlnation of Reactiv_tv with Various Ml II) Salts The following reactions were performed on a 1.0 g scale via the experimental conditions shown under Example 1.
Different Mn(II) salts were utilized to synthesise Mn(IV) 2 (Me3TACN) 2 (~- ) 3 ( PF6) 2 H20 and Table III lists the results of these syntheses comparing yield and purity of the final product lsolated.
Table III
Mn(II) Salt PuritY Yield MnCl2 72% 65%
MnS04-H20 58% 33%
MnBr2 70% 55%
Mn(NO3) 2 53% 29%
The foregoing description and examples illustrate selected embodiments of the present invention. In light thereof, various modifications will be suggested to one skilled in the art, all of which are within the spirit and purview of this invention.
Claims (8)
1. A process for the preparing a manganese complex catalyst having the formula:
wherein Mn is manganese in a III or IV oxidation state;
X is independently a coordinating or bridging species selected from the group:
H2O, O22-, O2-, OH-, HO2-, SH-, S2-, >SO, Cl-, N3-, SCN-, N3-, RSO3-, NH2-, NR3 and RCOO-;
R is a radical selected from the group H, alkyl, aryl radicals, both optionally substituted, and R1COO-where R1 is an alkyl or aryl radical, both optionally substituted;
L is an organic ligand containing at least two nitrogen atoms that coordinate with the Mn;
z is an integer ranging from -4 to +4;
Y is a monovalent or multivalent counterion leading to charge neutrality; and q is an integer from 1 to 4;
the process comprising the steps of:
(i) reacting, in an aqueous medium, a manganese (II) salt with the ligand L to form a manganese coordinated substance, a counterion salt MzYq being present wherein M is selected from the group consisting of metals, ammonium and alkanolammonium ions;
(ii) oxidising the manganese coordinated substance of step (i) with an oxidising agent;
(iii) basifying a reaction mixture containing the oxidised C6153 (L) manganese coordinated substance formed in step (ii) to a pH of at least 10.5; and (iv) contacting the basified reaction mixture with a further oxidising agent to form the manganese complex catalyst.
wherein Mn is manganese in a III or IV oxidation state;
X is independently a coordinating or bridging species selected from the group:
H2O, O22-, O2-, OH-, HO2-, SH-, S2-, >SO, Cl-, N3-, SCN-, N3-, RSO3-, NH2-, NR3 and RCOO-;
R is a radical selected from the group H, alkyl, aryl radicals, both optionally substituted, and R1COO-where R1 is an alkyl or aryl radical, both optionally substituted;
L is an organic ligand containing at least two nitrogen atoms that coordinate with the Mn;
z is an integer ranging from -4 to +4;
Y is a monovalent or multivalent counterion leading to charge neutrality; and q is an integer from 1 to 4;
the process comprising the steps of:
(i) reacting, in an aqueous medium, a manganese (II) salt with the ligand L to form a manganese coordinated substance, a counterion salt MzYq being present wherein M is selected from the group consisting of metals, ammonium and alkanolammonium ions;
(ii) oxidising the manganese coordinated substance of step (i) with an oxidising agent;
(iii) basifying a reaction mixture containing the oxidised C6153 (L) manganese coordinated substance formed in step (ii) to a pH of at least 10.5; and (iv) contacting the basified reaction mixture with a further oxidising agent to form the manganese complex catalyst.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the oxidising agent is selected from air, pure oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate and combinations thereof.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein the oxidising agents of steps (ii) and (iv) are respectively hydrogen peroxide and pure oxygen.
4. A method according to claim 1 wherein basification is achieved with an alkyl amine.
5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the ligand L
contains at least three nitrogen atoms which, when used, coordinate by three nitrogens to one of the manganese centres.
contains at least three nitrogen atoms which, when used, coordinate by three nitrogens to one of the manganese centres.
6. A method according to claim 1 wherein the manganese complex has the formula [LMn(IV)(µ-0)3Mn(IV)L]zYq.
7. A method according to claim 1 wherein the manganese complex has the formula [MnIV2(µ-0)3(Me3-TACN)2](PF6)2.
8. A method as claimed in claim 1 and substantially as described herein.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US798477 | 1991-11-26 | ||
| US07/798,477 US5153161A (en) | 1991-11-26 | 1991-11-26 | Synthesis of manganese oxidation catalyst |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2083660A1 true CA2083660A1 (en) | 1993-05-27 |
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ID=25173503
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002083660A Abandoned CA2083660A1 (en) | 1991-11-26 | 1992-11-24 | Synthesis of manganese oxidation catalyst |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5153161A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0544491A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH078801A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9204537A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2083660A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA929141B (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2303785A1 (en) * | 1975-03-11 | 1976-10-08 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | B-ETHYLENIC KETON OXIDATION PROCESS |
| JPS58138713A (en) * | 1982-02-12 | 1983-08-17 | Nippon Oil Co Ltd | Carrier for olefin polymerization catalyst |
| GB8312185D0 (en) * | 1983-05-04 | 1983-06-08 | Unilever Plc | Bleaching and cleaning composition |
| GB8329762D0 (en) * | 1983-11-08 | 1983-12-14 | Unilever Plc | Manganese adjuncts |
| US4728455A (en) * | 1986-03-07 | 1988-03-01 | Lever Brothers Company | Detergent bleach compositions, bleaching agents and bleach activators |
| DE69125310T2 (en) * | 1990-05-21 | 1997-07-03 | Unilever Nv | Bleach activation |
| US5025101A (en) * | 1990-06-21 | 1991-06-18 | Exxon Research & Engineering Company | Novel tetranuclear manganese complexes |
| JP3055169B2 (en) * | 1990-11-16 | 2000-06-26 | カシオ計算機株式会社 | Battery level display |
| US5274147A (en) * | 1991-07-11 | 1993-12-28 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Process for preparing manganese complexes |
-
1991
- 1991-11-26 US US07/798,477 patent/US5153161A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-11-24 CA CA002083660A patent/CA2083660A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-11-24 EP EP19920310720 patent/EP0544491A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-11-25 ZA ZA929141A patent/ZA929141B/en unknown
- 1992-11-25 BR BR9204537A patent/BR9204537A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-11-26 JP JP4316991A patent/JPH078801A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR9204537A (en) | 1993-06-01 |
| US5153161A (en) | 1992-10-06 |
| ZA929141B (en) | 1994-05-25 |
| EP0544491A2 (en) | 1993-06-02 |
| EP0544491A3 (en) | 1993-09-29 |
| JPH078801A (en) | 1995-01-13 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |