CA2085270C - High frequency electrical connector - Google Patents
High frequency electrical connectorInfo
- Publication number
- CA2085270C CA2085270C CA002085270A CA2085270A CA2085270C CA 2085270 C CA2085270 C CA 2085270C CA 002085270 A CA002085270 A CA 002085270A CA 2085270 A CA2085270 A CA 2085270A CA 2085270 C CA2085270 C CA 2085270C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- conductors
- conductor
- electrical
- lead frame
- path
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/646—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00 specially adapted for high-frequency, e.g. structures providing an impedance match or phase match
- H01R13/6461—Means for preventing cross-talk
- H01R13/6467—Means for preventing cross-talk by cross-over of signal conductors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S439/00—Electrical connectors
- Y10S439/941—Crosstalk suppression
Abstract
An electrical connector for conducting high frequency signals includes a number of input and output terminals that are interconnected by a pair of metallic lead frames that are mounted on a dielectric spring block. The lead frames are identical to each other and comprise several flat elongated conductors, each conductor terminating in a spring contact at one end and an insulation-displacing connector at the other. The lead frames are mounted on top of each other and their conductors are all generally parallel and close to each other. Only three of theconductors of each lead frame are arranged to overlap each other; and this occurs in a designated crossover region without electrical contact being made because of a reentrant bend in the conductors in the crossover region. As a result, crosstalkbetween specific conductors can be reduced by judiciously choosing the location of the crossover and the particular crossover pattern.
Description
~ -1- 2085270 HIGH FREQUENCY ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR
Technical Eield This invention relates to an electrical connector, and more particularly to an electrical conneetor having reduced crosstalk between wire-pairs.
5 Back~round of the I~ n Inform~tion flow has increased substantially in recent years, and n~lwolh~ have evolved to accommodate not only a greater number of users but alsohigher data rates. An ç~mple of a relatively high speed network is the subject of ANSI/IEEE Standard 802.5 which provides a description of the peer-to-peer protocol 10 procedures that are defined for the transfer of information and control between any pair of Data Link Layer service access points on a 4 Mbit/s Local Area Network with token ring access. At such data rates, however, wiring paths themselves become ~ntenn~e that both broadcast and receive electrom~n~tic radiation. This is a problem that is aggravated when station haldwal~ requires multiple wire-pairs.
15 Signal coupling (crosstalk) between different pairs of wires is a source of interference that degrades the ability to process incoming signals. This is manifested qu~ntit~tively as decreased signal-to-noise ratio and, nltim~tely, as increased error rate. Accordingly, crosstaLt~ becomes an increasingly significant concern in electrical equipment design as the frequency of interfering signals is increased.
CrosstaLk occurs not only in the cables that carry the data signals over long distances, but also in the connectors that are used to connect station hardware to the cables. ANSI/IEEE St~ndard 802.5 discloses a Medium Tnterf~e Connector having acceptable crosstaLlc rejection at the frequencies of interest. This Connector features four signal contacts with a ground contact, and is hermaphroditic in design 25 so that two identic~l units will mate when oriented 180 degrees with respect to each other. This Connector is available as IBM Part No. 8310574 or as Anixter Part No.
075849. CrosstaLk rejection appears to result from short connector paths, groundshields, and the selection of particular termin~ls for each wire-pair. As might be expected, such connector arrangements are relatively expensive and represent a 30 dep~u,e from comm~lnic~tinn plugs and jacks such as specified in Subpart F of the FCC Part 68.500 Registration Rules and used in telecommunication applications.
For reasons of economy, convenience and standardization, it is desirable to extend the utility of the above-mentioned telecommunication plugs and jacks by - - using them at higher and higher data rates. Unfortunately, such plugs and jacks *
include up to eight wires that are close together and parallel - a condition that leads to excessive crosstalk, even over relatively short dist~nces. Attempts to improve this condition are compli~ted by the fact that an ~cignment of particular wire-pairs to particular tPrmin~l~ already exists which is both standard and non-optimum. Indeed, 5 in ANSI/EIAmA-568 standard, the termin~l ~ssignment for wire-pair 1 is straddled by the termin~ signmPnt for wire-pair 2 or 3. If the electrical conductor.~ thatinle~onllect with these termin~ are close together for any distance, as is the case in present de~ign~, then crosstalk between these wire-pairs is particularly troublesome.
Accordingly, is is desirable to reduce crosstalk in electrical connectors such as the 10 plugs and jacks commonly used in telecommunication equipment.
S~ of the Invenffon In accordance with the invention, an electrical connector for connecting an ordered array of input tPrmin~ls to an ordered array of output tPrmin~ls is pluvt;d. The connector includes at least four conductors that are spaced apart from 15 each other and make electrical interconnection between the input and output termin~ The con(luctors are generally parallel to each other along a portion of the inler~ollllection path and are arranged to change the relative ordering of termin~ls, between input and output, from the ordering that would re~ult if all conductors were confined to the same plane.
In an illnst~tive embodiment of the invention, the input termin~l~ of the electrical connector comprise insulation-displacing connectors, each having a pair of opposing contact fingers which functions to make electrical and mechanical connection to an in.~ul~tPd wire inserted therein. Further, the output termin~l~ of the electrical connector comprise wire sprin~s. Two lead frames, each compri.~ing an25 array of conductors, are mounted on a dielectric block. Each conductor termin~tPs, at one end, in a wire spring and, at the other end, in an in.~nl~tion-displacingconnector. Selected conductors of the lead frames cross over each other when they are mounted on the diPhPctric spring block, but are p~evellted from m~king electrical contact with each other at the point of crossover -- one of the conductors incl~ldes an 30 upward reentrant bend and the other includes a dowllw~d reentrant bend.
Advantageously, the two lead frames are identi~l, but are reverse-mounted on thespring block in the left-to-right direction. The front side of the spring block includes a projection which fits into one end of a jack frame and interlocks therewith.
Together, the spring block and jack frame comprise a standard modular jack of the 35 type specified in the FCC Registration Rules.
Brief Des~ ,lion of ~e D~
The invention and its mode of operation will be more clearly understood from the following ~et~iled description when read with the appended drawing in which:
5FIG. 1 discloses the use of a modular co~nector to interconnect high speed station ha~d~ e with a com-ll~ ic~tioll cable;
FIG. 2 shows the jack contact wiring ~ssignmentc for an 8-posidon, telecommunications outlet (T568B) as viewed from the front opening;
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a high frequency electrical 10 connector in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 discloses a top view of the lead frame used in the present invention and its associated carrier;
FIG. 5 discloses a side view of the lead frame and carrier of FIG.4;
FIG. 6 shows a top view of a portion of the spring block used in the 15 present invention illustrating the region where crossover of the lead frames takes place;
FIG. 7 di~closes a partial cross section~l view of the spring block of FIG. 6 in the region where crossover of the lead frames ta~es place;
FIG. 8 shows frequency plots of near end crosstalk between diLre~nl 20 wire-pairs of an electri~l connector;
FIG.9 shows frequency plots of near end crosstalk between diLrelelll wire-pairs of the sarne electric~l connector used in FIG. 8 after improvement by the teachings of the present invention; and FIG.lOis a top view of the lead frames shown in FIG. 3, after 25 assembly, illu~lla~ g the crossover of certain conductors in region n.
Detailed D~ .lion Most communication systems tr~n.~mit and receive electrical signals over wire-pairs rather than individual wires. Indeed, an electrical voltage is me~nin~l~oss without a reference voltage - a person can't even get shocked unless 30 part of his body is in contact witn a reference voltage. Accordingly, the use of a pair of wires for electrical signal tr~n.~mi~.~ion is merely the practice of bringing along the reference voltage rather than relying on a local, fixed reference such as earth ground.
Each wire in a wire-pair is capable of picking up electrical noise from noise sources such as lightning, radio and TV stations. However, noise pickup is more likely from 35 nearby wires that run in the same general direction for long distances. This is known - 208~270 as crosstalk. Nevertheless, so long as each wire picks up the same noise, the voltage dirre,~llce between the wires remains the same and the dirrere,llial signal is unaffected. To assist each wire in picking up the same noise, the practice of twisting wire-pairs in various patterns emerged.
FIG. 1 disclosesan ~ olmectionbetweenhighspeedstation hd~d.. alt; 200 and cable 70 which comprises a number of wire-pairs. Flectrical interconnection between the station hardwd.e 200 and cable 70 is f~cilit~t~d by the use of standard telecommunications connectors that are frequently referred to asmodular plugs and jacks. Specifications for such plugs and jacks can be found in10 Subpart F of the FCC Part 68.500 Registration Rules. Assembly 100 is adapted to accommodate the use of modular plugs and jacks and comprises connector 30, jack frame 20 and wall plate 10 which interlock together to provide a convel~ient receptacle for receiving modular plug 50. Inserted into opening 25, on the front side of jack frame 20, is the modular plug 50 which commnniC~tps electrical sign~l.c, via 15 cable 60, to and from station ha,.lw~ue 200. Inserted into the back side of jack frame 20 is electri~l connector 30 which is constructed in accordance with the principles of the invention. Wires from cable 70 are pressed into slots located on opposite side walls of connector 30 and make mech~nir~l ,and electrical connection thereto. Four identic~l slots (not shown) are symmetrically positioned on the 20 opposite side of connector 30. Wall plate 10 includes an opening 15 that receives and interlocks with jack frame 20.
Terminal wiring ~si~nments for modular plugs 50 and jacks 20 are specified in ANSI/ELA/TLA-568-1991 which is the Commercial Building Telecommunications Wiring Standard. This Standard associates individual wire-25 pairs with specific termin~ls for an 8-position, telecomm~lnications outlet (T568B) in the manner shown by FIG. 2. The Standard even prescribes the color of each wire and Near End CrosstaL~ perform~nce in the frequency range 1-16 MHz. While the color a~i~nment does not lead to difficulties, the pair a~signment does - particularly when high frequency signals are present on the wire-pairs. Consider, for example, 30 the fact that wire-pair 3 straddles wire-pair 1, as ill~lstrflted in FIG. 2, looking into opening 25 of the jack frame 20. If the jack frame and connector 30 (see FIG. 1)include electrical paths that are parallel to each other and are in the same appro~imate plane, there will be electrical crosstaLk between pairs 1 and 3. As it turns out, many electric~l connectors that receive modular plugs are configured that 35 way, and although the amount of crosstalk between pairs 1 and 3 is in.cignificant in the audio frequency band, it is unacceptably high at frequencies above 1 MHz. Still, it is desirable to use modular plugs and jacks of this type at these higher frequencies because of connection convenience and cost.
FIG. 3 discloses an exploded perspective view of high frequency S electrical connector 30 and jack frame 20 showing their assembly in greater detail.
F1PCtr;Ca1 collnector 30 compri.~eS spring block 330, metallic lead frames 320-1, 320-2, cover 310, and labels 340 joined together as in(licat~Pd Referring briefly to FIG. 4. Lead frame 320 comprises four flat, elongated conductive elements 322 that te, at one end, in in~ul~tion-displacing connectors 323. Peripheral support 10 structure 321 holds the conductive elements in a fixed relationship with respect to each other so that the lead frame can be easily handled; however, it is removed during assembly. Lead frame 320 is shaped into a desired electrical interconnection pattern which is, illnstr~tively, stamped from 0.015 inch metal stock and gold plated in region I. During assembly, region I is bent around spring block 330 (see FIG. 3) 15 to become the spring contacts within a modular jack. Because a portion of the lead frame is used as a spring contact, the entire lead frame itself is made from a resilient metal such as beryllium-copper although a variety of metal alloys can be used with similar results. Conductive e1emçnt~ 322 are parallel to ea,ch other and reside in the same plane. In order to reduce crosstalk between conductive elçmçnts, a technique 20 is disclosed in which certain of the conductive elemçnt.c are made to cross over each other in region II. Such crossover is not appa~n~ in FIG. 4, but can be clearly seen in FIG. 3 where two idçnti~l lead frames 320-1, 320-2 are installed on top of each other, but reversed from left-to-right. Each of these lead frames is identical to the one shown in FIG. 4. Although a number of techniques can be used to electrically25 isolate the lead frames from each other, particularly in the region of the crossover, the p~felled embodiment achieves electr1c~l isolation by introducing a re-entrant bend in region II of the lead frame. This is most clearly seen in the side view of lead frame 320 shown in FIG. 5. Thus, when a pair of lead frames 320 are reversed from left-to-right and laid on top of each other, the conductive elements 322 bulge away 30 from each other in region II. Another way to achieve electrical isolation is to insert a dielectric spacer, such as mylar, between the lead frames. Although this technique avoids the need for a reentrant bend in the lead frame, an additional part is required.
FIG. 10 discloses a top view of a pair of lead frames after assembly in accordance with the invention, illustrating the crossover of certain conductors in 35 region II. FIG. 10 is intended to clarify the way in which the conductors 322 of lead 208~270 frames 320-1 and 320-2 (see FIG. 3) cross over each other. The top lead frame (~esign~ted 320-2 in FIG. 3) is shown with .~h~ing in FIG. 10, and the bottom lead frame (de..~ign~ted 320-1 in FIG. 3) is shown without sh~ing in FIG. 10. Note that there is no electrical coMection between any of the condllctors, particularly in region S II where the crossover occurs; note also that the top and bottom lead frames are identical to each other, but r,eversed from left to right.
The positioning of region II where the crossover occurs has been empirically delermilled. Distance "d," indil ~ted in FIG. 5, is located at the applo~llate midpoint of the signal path between the locations where electrical 10 coMections are made at the ends of the conductive paths. Since each conductive path has a different length, different crossover points are required for optimumresults. Nevertheless, substantial crossta1k reduction is achieved in easy-to-manufacture lead frame 320 where the entire lead frame is creased along a singleline.
Referring again to FIG. 3, lead frames 320-1, 320-2 are positioned on the top surface 336 of spring block 330 which incl~l~es grooves having the same pattern as the lead frame itself. Heat is, then, selectively applied to the grooves, via ultrasonic welding, in order to deform the thermoplastic m,~tPri~l from which the spring block is made to perm~nelltly join the lead frames and spring block together.
20 Insulation-displacing connectors 323 are folded down the sides of the spring block while the conductors in region I of lead frames 320-1, 320-2 are wrapped around tongue-like protrusion 331 of the spring block 330. Thereafter, cover 310 is joined to the spring block to create a unitary structure. In the present embo~iiment~ spring block 330, cover 310, and jack frame 20 are all made from a thermoplastic m~teri~
25 such as Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC).
After the insulation-displacing co~nectors 323 of the lead frame are folded around each side wall 337 on opposite sides of the spring block, the spaces between the opposing contact fingers that form the insulation-displacing connectors are aligned with wire-receiving slots 333 of the spring block so that a wire may pass 30 therebelweell. Side walls 337 are subst~nti~lly parallel to each other and perpendicular to the top surface 336 of the spring block. Furthermore, when cover 310 is joined with spring block 330, its slots 313 are aligned with the spaces between opposing contact fingers of the in~ tion-displacing connectors 323. As aresult, the insulation-~ispl~cing connectors are sandwiched between the spring block 35 and cover, and protected from the possibility of an inadvellenl electrical short 2~85270 between adjacent connectors. After the cover is joined to the spring block, pins 334 in the spring block protrude through two of the holes 314 in the cover. These pins are heated and deformed, via ultrasonic welding, to perm~nP.ntly join the cover to the spring block. Cover 310 incl~ldes four symmetric~lly-po.~ition~d holes 314 so that it 5 can be interlocked-with the spring block in either of two positions. Electrical connector 30 may now be inserted into jack frame 20 which incl~l~les latch 26 that cooperates with shoulder 316, molded into the top of cover 310, to interlock the two together. Note that jack frame 20 shows numbers 1 and 8 on its front face that establish a numbering convelllion for the positioning of terminals within the jack 10 frame in acco~ance with option B of the ANSI/EIA/TL~-568 standard. Wiring labels 340 also include numbers 1-8 that identify which slot 313 is interconnected to each specific termin~l Such labeling is particularly useful in the present invention where crossovers made by the conductors of lead frames 320-1, 320-2 change the relative ordering of wires from the ordering that would result if all the conductors 15 were confined to the same plane.
I~.q.fçrring now to FIG. 6 there is provided a more detailed view of the top surface 336 of spring block 330 in the region that is inserted into the jack frame.
In particular, the pattern of grooves in the top surface are spown in detail to demonstrate the manner in which crossover between conductor paths is 20 accomplished. Grooves 332-1 ... 332-8, molded in the top surface 336, are approximately 0.03 inches deep and 0.02 inches wide to accommodate a lead frame which includes conductors whose cross-section is generally square (0.015 x 0.015inches) that are inserted therein. Dielectric walls sep~ale the grooves to provide electrical isolation for the conductors of the lead frame. However, certain of the 25 dielectric walls, for e~mpltq. the wall between grooves 332-1 and 332-2, are discontinuous in the region were crossover occurs. Furthermore, the grooves are,illustratively, 0.05 inches deeper in this region. This is shown in the FIG. 7 cross-sectional view of the spring block. The purpose of the deeper groove is to accommodate the reentrant bend in the lead frame where crossover occurs. By thus30 crossing over the condllctor~ of the lead frame, crosstalk between otherwise parallel electrical paths is substantially reduced and the ability to use such telecommunication jacks at higher frequencies is made possible. Indeed, crosstalk reduction in the order of 15 dB is possible at the higher frequencies.
The improvement offered by the present invention is dr~m~tically illustrated in the frequency plots of FIG. 8 and FIG. 9. FIG. 8 shows frequency plots of near end crosstaik (NEXT) between different wire-pairs of the electrical connector shown in FIG. 3 in which lead frames 320-1 and 320-2 are replaced with a single 8-S conductor lead frame without crossovers. Frequency is plotted log~. ;L~ y in theho~i7O~ l direction as an exponent of the base 10. For example 1.00 corresponds to 101 = 10 MHz. At this frequency, the signal power co~ ic~ted to wire-pair 3 from wire-pair 1, de.ci~n~ted (1,3~, is 48 dB below the signal power on wire-pair 1.
As might be expected (1,3) = (3,1). The results at the far right-hand side of this 10 frequency plot show crosstalk between the various wire-pairs in the 16 MHz region (i.e., 10l 25 MHz = 17.7 MHz).
FIG. 9 shows frequency plots of NEXT between dirfelent wire-pairs of the electr~c~l connector shown in FIG. 8 where three crossovers are used in accordance with the invention. A decrease in the amount of crosstalk between one15 set of wire-pairs often leads to an increase in the amount of crosstalk between another set of wire-pairs. For example, the crosst~lk at 10 MHz bt;lween wire-pairs (1,3) is 65 dB below the actual signal power which corresponds to an improvement, when compared with FIG. 8, of 17 dB for wire-pairs (1,3);,however, crosstalk is increased between wire pairs (1,4) by the present invention. Nevertheless, the net 20 effect is particularly desirable because the worst case crosstalk is so improved to the degree that the subject telecommunications jack is now suitable for use in connection with the IEEE 802.5 token ring.
Although a particular embodiment of the invention has been disclosed, various modifications are possible within the spirit and scope of the invention. In 25 particular, it is understood that crossovers between dirrel~nl conductors will result in dirÇel~ amounts of crosstalk between the different wire-pairs. As illustrated, decreasing the amount of crosstalk between specific wire-pairs sometimes results in increasing the amount of crosstalk between other wire pairs. Furthermore, cll~n~ing the location where crossover takes place influences the amount of crosstalk. These 30 considerations are a matter of design choice. Crossover may be achieved using a double-sided printed wiring board and the use of metal staples or plated-throughholes to achieve electric~l connection. Finally, the principles of the present invention may be incorporated in numerous connectors including modular plugs andjacks as well as connecting blocks.
Technical Eield This invention relates to an electrical connector, and more particularly to an electrical conneetor having reduced crosstalk between wire-pairs.
5 Back~round of the I~ n Inform~tion flow has increased substantially in recent years, and n~lwolh~ have evolved to accommodate not only a greater number of users but alsohigher data rates. An ç~mple of a relatively high speed network is the subject of ANSI/IEEE Standard 802.5 which provides a description of the peer-to-peer protocol 10 procedures that are defined for the transfer of information and control between any pair of Data Link Layer service access points on a 4 Mbit/s Local Area Network with token ring access. At such data rates, however, wiring paths themselves become ~ntenn~e that both broadcast and receive electrom~n~tic radiation. This is a problem that is aggravated when station haldwal~ requires multiple wire-pairs.
15 Signal coupling (crosstalk) between different pairs of wires is a source of interference that degrades the ability to process incoming signals. This is manifested qu~ntit~tively as decreased signal-to-noise ratio and, nltim~tely, as increased error rate. Accordingly, crosstaLt~ becomes an increasingly significant concern in electrical equipment design as the frequency of interfering signals is increased.
CrosstaLk occurs not only in the cables that carry the data signals over long distances, but also in the connectors that are used to connect station hardware to the cables. ANSI/IEEE St~ndard 802.5 discloses a Medium Tnterf~e Connector having acceptable crosstaLlc rejection at the frequencies of interest. This Connector features four signal contacts with a ground contact, and is hermaphroditic in design 25 so that two identic~l units will mate when oriented 180 degrees with respect to each other. This Connector is available as IBM Part No. 8310574 or as Anixter Part No.
075849. CrosstaLk rejection appears to result from short connector paths, groundshields, and the selection of particular termin~ls for each wire-pair. As might be expected, such connector arrangements are relatively expensive and represent a 30 dep~u,e from comm~lnic~tinn plugs and jacks such as specified in Subpart F of the FCC Part 68.500 Registration Rules and used in telecommunication applications.
For reasons of economy, convenience and standardization, it is desirable to extend the utility of the above-mentioned telecommunication plugs and jacks by - - using them at higher and higher data rates. Unfortunately, such plugs and jacks *
include up to eight wires that are close together and parallel - a condition that leads to excessive crosstalk, even over relatively short dist~nces. Attempts to improve this condition are compli~ted by the fact that an ~cignment of particular wire-pairs to particular tPrmin~l~ already exists which is both standard and non-optimum. Indeed, 5 in ANSI/EIAmA-568 standard, the termin~l ~ssignment for wire-pair 1 is straddled by the termin~ signmPnt for wire-pair 2 or 3. If the electrical conductor.~ thatinle~onllect with these termin~ are close together for any distance, as is the case in present de~ign~, then crosstalk between these wire-pairs is particularly troublesome.
Accordingly, is is desirable to reduce crosstalk in electrical connectors such as the 10 plugs and jacks commonly used in telecommunication equipment.
S~ of the Invenffon In accordance with the invention, an electrical connector for connecting an ordered array of input tPrmin~ls to an ordered array of output tPrmin~ls is pluvt;d. The connector includes at least four conductors that are spaced apart from 15 each other and make electrical interconnection between the input and output termin~ The con(luctors are generally parallel to each other along a portion of the inler~ollllection path and are arranged to change the relative ordering of termin~ls, between input and output, from the ordering that would re~ult if all conductors were confined to the same plane.
In an illnst~tive embodiment of the invention, the input termin~l~ of the electrical connector comprise insulation-displacing connectors, each having a pair of opposing contact fingers which functions to make electrical and mechanical connection to an in.~ul~tPd wire inserted therein. Further, the output termin~l~ of the electrical connector comprise wire sprin~s. Two lead frames, each compri.~ing an25 array of conductors, are mounted on a dielectric block. Each conductor termin~tPs, at one end, in a wire spring and, at the other end, in an in.~nl~tion-displacingconnector. Selected conductors of the lead frames cross over each other when they are mounted on the diPhPctric spring block, but are p~evellted from m~king electrical contact with each other at the point of crossover -- one of the conductors incl~ldes an 30 upward reentrant bend and the other includes a dowllw~d reentrant bend.
Advantageously, the two lead frames are identi~l, but are reverse-mounted on thespring block in the left-to-right direction. The front side of the spring block includes a projection which fits into one end of a jack frame and interlocks therewith.
Together, the spring block and jack frame comprise a standard modular jack of the 35 type specified in the FCC Registration Rules.
Brief Des~ ,lion of ~e D~
The invention and its mode of operation will be more clearly understood from the following ~et~iled description when read with the appended drawing in which:
5FIG. 1 discloses the use of a modular co~nector to interconnect high speed station ha~d~ e with a com-ll~ ic~tioll cable;
FIG. 2 shows the jack contact wiring ~ssignmentc for an 8-posidon, telecommunications outlet (T568B) as viewed from the front opening;
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a high frequency electrical 10 connector in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 discloses a top view of the lead frame used in the present invention and its associated carrier;
FIG. 5 discloses a side view of the lead frame and carrier of FIG.4;
FIG. 6 shows a top view of a portion of the spring block used in the 15 present invention illustrating the region where crossover of the lead frames takes place;
FIG. 7 di~closes a partial cross section~l view of the spring block of FIG. 6 in the region where crossover of the lead frames ta~es place;
FIG. 8 shows frequency plots of near end crosstalk between diLre~nl 20 wire-pairs of an electri~l connector;
FIG.9 shows frequency plots of near end crosstalk between diLrelelll wire-pairs of the sarne electric~l connector used in FIG. 8 after improvement by the teachings of the present invention; and FIG.lOis a top view of the lead frames shown in FIG. 3, after 25 assembly, illu~lla~ g the crossover of certain conductors in region n.
Detailed D~ .lion Most communication systems tr~n.~mit and receive electrical signals over wire-pairs rather than individual wires. Indeed, an electrical voltage is me~nin~l~oss without a reference voltage - a person can't even get shocked unless 30 part of his body is in contact witn a reference voltage. Accordingly, the use of a pair of wires for electrical signal tr~n.~mi~.~ion is merely the practice of bringing along the reference voltage rather than relying on a local, fixed reference such as earth ground.
Each wire in a wire-pair is capable of picking up electrical noise from noise sources such as lightning, radio and TV stations. However, noise pickup is more likely from 35 nearby wires that run in the same general direction for long distances. This is known - 208~270 as crosstalk. Nevertheless, so long as each wire picks up the same noise, the voltage dirre,~llce between the wires remains the same and the dirrere,llial signal is unaffected. To assist each wire in picking up the same noise, the practice of twisting wire-pairs in various patterns emerged.
FIG. 1 disclosesan ~ olmectionbetweenhighspeedstation hd~d.. alt; 200 and cable 70 which comprises a number of wire-pairs. Flectrical interconnection between the station hardwd.e 200 and cable 70 is f~cilit~t~d by the use of standard telecommunications connectors that are frequently referred to asmodular plugs and jacks. Specifications for such plugs and jacks can be found in10 Subpart F of the FCC Part 68.500 Registration Rules. Assembly 100 is adapted to accommodate the use of modular plugs and jacks and comprises connector 30, jack frame 20 and wall plate 10 which interlock together to provide a convel~ient receptacle for receiving modular plug 50. Inserted into opening 25, on the front side of jack frame 20, is the modular plug 50 which commnniC~tps electrical sign~l.c, via 15 cable 60, to and from station ha,.lw~ue 200. Inserted into the back side of jack frame 20 is electri~l connector 30 which is constructed in accordance with the principles of the invention. Wires from cable 70 are pressed into slots located on opposite side walls of connector 30 and make mech~nir~l ,and electrical connection thereto. Four identic~l slots (not shown) are symmetrically positioned on the 20 opposite side of connector 30. Wall plate 10 includes an opening 15 that receives and interlocks with jack frame 20.
Terminal wiring ~si~nments for modular plugs 50 and jacks 20 are specified in ANSI/ELA/TLA-568-1991 which is the Commercial Building Telecommunications Wiring Standard. This Standard associates individual wire-25 pairs with specific termin~ls for an 8-position, telecomm~lnications outlet (T568B) in the manner shown by FIG. 2. The Standard even prescribes the color of each wire and Near End CrosstaL~ perform~nce in the frequency range 1-16 MHz. While the color a~i~nment does not lead to difficulties, the pair a~signment does - particularly when high frequency signals are present on the wire-pairs. Consider, for example, 30 the fact that wire-pair 3 straddles wire-pair 1, as ill~lstrflted in FIG. 2, looking into opening 25 of the jack frame 20. If the jack frame and connector 30 (see FIG. 1)include electrical paths that are parallel to each other and are in the same appro~imate plane, there will be electrical crosstaLk between pairs 1 and 3. As it turns out, many electric~l connectors that receive modular plugs are configured that 35 way, and although the amount of crosstalk between pairs 1 and 3 is in.cignificant in the audio frequency band, it is unacceptably high at frequencies above 1 MHz. Still, it is desirable to use modular plugs and jacks of this type at these higher frequencies because of connection convenience and cost.
FIG. 3 discloses an exploded perspective view of high frequency S electrical connector 30 and jack frame 20 showing their assembly in greater detail.
F1PCtr;Ca1 collnector 30 compri.~eS spring block 330, metallic lead frames 320-1, 320-2, cover 310, and labels 340 joined together as in(licat~Pd Referring briefly to FIG. 4. Lead frame 320 comprises four flat, elongated conductive elements 322 that te, at one end, in in~ul~tion-displacing connectors 323. Peripheral support 10 structure 321 holds the conductive elements in a fixed relationship with respect to each other so that the lead frame can be easily handled; however, it is removed during assembly. Lead frame 320 is shaped into a desired electrical interconnection pattern which is, illnstr~tively, stamped from 0.015 inch metal stock and gold plated in region I. During assembly, region I is bent around spring block 330 (see FIG. 3) 15 to become the spring contacts within a modular jack. Because a portion of the lead frame is used as a spring contact, the entire lead frame itself is made from a resilient metal such as beryllium-copper although a variety of metal alloys can be used with similar results. Conductive e1emçnt~ 322 are parallel to ea,ch other and reside in the same plane. In order to reduce crosstalk between conductive elçmçnts, a technique 20 is disclosed in which certain of the conductive elemçnt.c are made to cross over each other in region II. Such crossover is not appa~n~ in FIG. 4, but can be clearly seen in FIG. 3 where two idçnti~l lead frames 320-1, 320-2 are installed on top of each other, but reversed from left-to-right. Each of these lead frames is identical to the one shown in FIG. 4. Although a number of techniques can be used to electrically25 isolate the lead frames from each other, particularly in the region of the crossover, the p~felled embodiment achieves electr1c~l isolation by introducing a re-entrant bend in region II of the lead frame. This is most clearly seen in the side view of lead frame 320 shown in FIG. 5. Thus, when a pair of lead frames 320 are reversed from left-to-right and laid on top of each other, the conductive elements 322 bulge away 30 from each other in region II. Another way to achieve electrical isolation is to insert a dielectric spacer, such as mylar, between the lead frames. Although this technique avoids the need for a reentrant bend in the lead frame, an additional part is required.
FIG. 10 discloses a top view of a pair of lead frames after assembly in accordance with the invention, illustrating the crossover of certain conductors in 35 region II. FIG. 10 is intended to clarify the way in which the conductors 322 of lead 208~270 frames 320-1 and 320-2 (see FIG. 3) cross over each other. The top lead frame (~esign~ted 320-2 in FIG. 3) is shown with .~h~ing in FIG. 10, and the bottom lead frame (de..~ign~ted 320-1 in FIG. 3) is shown without sh~ing in FIG. 10. Note that there is no electrical coMection between any of the condllctors, particularly in region S II where the crossover occurs; note also that the top and bottom lead frames are identical to each other, but r,eversed from left to right.
The positioning of region II where the crossover occurs has been empirically delermilled. Distance "d," indil ~ted in FIG. 5, is located at the applo~llate midpoint of the signal path between the locations where electrical 10 coMections are made at the ends of the conductive paths. Since each conductive path has a different length, different crossover points are required for optimumresults. Nevertheless, substantial crossta1k reduction is achieved in easy-to-manufacture lead frame 320 where the entire lead frame is creased along a singleline.
Referring again to FIG. 3, lead frames 320-1, 320-2 are positioned on the top surface 336 of spring block 330 which incl~l~es grooves having the same pattern as the lead frame itself. Heat is, then, selectively applied to the grooves, via ultrasonic welding, in order to deform the thermoplastic m,~tPri~l from which the spring block is made to perm~nelltly join the lead frames and spring block together.
20 Insulation-displacing connectors 323 are folded down the sides of the spring block while the conductors in region I of lead frames 320-1, 320-2 are wrapped around tongue-like protrusion 331 of the spring block 330. Thereafter, cover 310 is joined to the spring block to create a unitary structure. In the present embo~iiment~ spring block 330, cover 310, and jack frame 20 are all made from a thermoplastic m~teri~
25 such as Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC).
After the insulation-displacing co~nectors 323 of the lead frame are folded around each side wall 337 on opposite sides of the spring block, the spaces between the opposing contact fingers that form the insulation-displacing connectors are aligned with wire-receiving slots 333 of the spring block so that a wire may pass 30 therebelweell. Side walls 337 are subst~nti~lly parallel to each other and perpendicular to the top surface 336 of the spring block. Furthermore, when cover 310 is joined with spring block 330, its slots 313 are aligned with the spaces between opposing contact fingers of the in~ tion-displacing connectors 323. As aresult, the insulation-~ispl~cing connectors are sandwiched between the spring block 35 and cover, and protected from the possibility of an inadvellenl electrical short 2~85270 between adjacent connectors. After the cover is joined to the spring block, pins 334 in the spring block protrude through two of the holes 314 in the cover. These pins are heated and deformed, via ultrasonic welding, to perm~nP.ntly join the cover to the spring block. Cover 310 incl~ldes four symmetric~lly-po.~ition~d holes 314 so that it 5 can be interlocked-with the spring block in either of two positions. Electrical connector 30 may now be inserted into jack frame 20 which incl~l~les latch 26 that cooperates with shoulder 316, molded into the top of cover 310, to interlock the two together. Note that jack frame 20 shows numbers 1 and 8 on its front face that establish a numbering convelllion for the positioning of terminals within the jack 10 frame in acco~ance with option B of the ANSI/EIA/TL~-568 standard. Wiring labels 340 also include numbers 1-8 that identify which slot 313 is interconnected to each specific termin~l Such labeling is particularly useful in the present invention where crossovers made by the conductors of lead frames 320-1, 320-2 change the relative ordering of wires from the ordering that would result if all the conductors 15 were confined to the same plane.
I~.q.fçrring now to FIG. 6 there is provided a more detailed view of the top surface 336 of spring block 330 in the region that is inserted into the jack frame.
In particular, the pattern of grooves in the top surface are spown in detail to demonstrate the manner in which crossover between conductor paths is 20 accomplished. Grooves 332-1 ... 332-8, molded in the top surface 336, are approximately 0.03 inches deep and 0.02 inches wide to accommodate a lead frame which includes conductors whose cross-section is generally square (0.015 x 0.015inches) that are inserted therein. Dielectric walls sep~ale the grooves to provide electrical isolation for the conductors of the lead frame. However, certain of the 25 dielectric walls, for e~mpltq. the wall between grooves 332-1 and 332-2, are discontinuous in the region were crossover occurs. Furthermore, the grooves are,illustratively, 0.05 inches deeper in this region. This is shown in the FIG. 7 cross-sectional view of the spring block. The purpose of the deeper groove is to accommodate the reentrant bend in the lead frame where crossover occurs. By thus30 crossing over the condllctor~ of the lead frame, crosstalk between otherwise parallel electrical paths is substantially reduced and the ability to use such telecommunication jacks at higher frequencies is made possible. Indeed, crosstalk reduction in the order of 15 dB is possible at the higher frequencies.
The improvement offered by the present invention is dr~m~tically illustrated in the frequency plots of FIG. 8 and FIG. 9. FIG. 8 shows frequency plots of near end crosstaik (NEXT) between different wire-pairs of the electrical connector shown in FIG. 3 in which lead frames 320-1 and 320-2 are replaced with a single 8-S conductor lead frame without crossovers. Frequency is plotted log~. ;L~ y in theho~i7O~ l direction as an exponent of the base 10. For example 1.00 corresponds to 101 = 10 MHz. At this frequency, the signal power co~ ic~ted to wire-pair 3 from wire-pair 1, de.ci~n~ted (1,3~, is 48 dB below the signal power on wire-pair 1.
As might be expected (1,3) = (3,1). The results at the far right-hand side of this 10 frequency plot show crosstalk between the various wire-pairs in the 16 MHz region (i.e., 10l 25 MHz = 17.7 MHz).
FIG. 9 shows frequency plots of NEXT between dirfelent wire-pairs of the electr~c~l connector shown in FIG. 8 where three crossovers are used in accordance with the invention. A decrease in the amount of crosstalk between one15 set of wire-pairs often leads to an increase in the amount of crosstalk between another set of wire-pairs. For example, the crosst~lk at 10 MHz bt;lween wire-pairs (1,3) is 65 dB below the actual signal power which corresponds to an improvement, when compared with FIG. 8, of 17 dB for wire-pairs (1,3);,however, crosstalk is increased between wire pairs (1,4) by the present invention. Nevertheless, the net 20 effect is particularly desirable because the worst case crosstalk is so improved to the degree that the subject telecommunications jack is now suitable for use in connection with the IEEE 802.5 token ring.
Although a particular embodiment of the invention has been disclosed, various modifications are possible within the spirit and scope of the invention. In 25 particular, it is understood that crossovers between dirrel~nl conductors will result in dirÇel~ amounts of crosstalk between the different wire-pairs. As illustrated, decreasing the amount of crosstalk between specific wire-pairs sometimes results in increasing the amount of crosstalk between other wire pairs. Furthermore, cll~n~ing the location where crossover takes place influences the amount of crosstalk. These 30 considerations are a matter of design choice. Crossover may be achieved using a double-sided printed wiring board and the use of metal staples or plated-throughholes to achieve electric~l connection. Finally, the principles of the present invention may be incorporated in numerous connectors including modular plugs andjacks as well as connecting blocks.
Claims (14)
1. An electrical connector including a plurality of input terminals, a plurality of output terminals, and interconnection apparatus for electrically interconnecting the input and output terminals, the interconnection apparatus comprising at least four non-insulated conductors that are spaced apart from each other and mounted on a dielectric surface, said conductors being generally parallel to each other along a portion of the interconnection path between input and output terminals, the interconnection apparatus further including means for crossing the path of one of the non-insulated conductors over the path of another one of saidconductors without making electrical contact therewith; whereby crosstalk of electrical signals belween conductors in an electrical connector is reduced.
2. The electrical connector of claim 1 wherein the output terminals of the electrical connector comprise resilient wires.
3. The electrical connector of claim 1 wherein each input terminal of the electrical connector comprises a pair of opposing contact fingers that function to make electrical and mechanical connection to a wire inserted therein.
4. The electrical connector of claim 1 wherein the interconnection means includes first and second lead frames, each containing a plurality of the conductors that individuaUy interconnect one predetermined input terminal with one predetermined output terminal, said lead frames being mounted on top of each other on the dielectric block.
5. The electrical connector of claim 4 wherein the first lead frame includes a conductor that crosses over the path of a conductor on the second lead frame, the conductor on the first lead frame including a reentrant bend at the point of crossover that precludes it from touching the conductor on the second lead frame.
6. The electrical connector of claim 5 wherein all of the conductors on the first lead frame include reentrant bends along a line that extends from left-to-right across the lead frame.
7. The electrical connector of claim 6 wherein the first and second lead frames are identically constructed but are reverse-mounted on the dielectric block in the left-to-right direction.
8. The electrical connector of claim 2 wherein the dielectric block includes a projection which fits into an opening in one side of a jack frame, and wherein the resilient wires wrap around the projection to form spring contacts for engaging an electrical plug inserted into an opening in the opposite side of the jack frame.
9. In combination:
a first metallic lead frame comprising a plurality of flat elongated conductors for communicating electrical signals, each of said conductors terminating at one end in a resilient wire and at the other end in an insulation-displacing connector;
a second metallic lead frame comprising a plurality of flat elongated conductors for communicating electrical signals, each of said conductors terminating at one end in a resilient wire and at the other end in an insulation-displacing connector;
a dielectric block having a top side surface with slots for receiving conductors therein, the first and second metallic lead frames being positioned on the top surface, at least one of the conductors of the first lead frame crossing over a conductor of the second lead frame; and means for precluding the conductors on the first and second lead frames that cross over each other from making electrical connection therewith.
a first metallic lead frame comprising a plurality of flat elongated conductors for communicating electrical signals, each of said conductors terminating at one end in a resilient wire and at the other end in an insulation-displacing connector;
a second metallic lead frame comprising a plurality of flat elongated conductors for communicating electrical signals, each of said conductors terminating at one end in a resilient wire and at the other end in an insulation-displacing connector;
a dielectric block having a top side surface with slots for receiving conductors therein, the first and second metallic lead frames being positioned on the top surface, at least one of the conductors of the first lead frame crossing over a conductor of the second lead frame; and means for precluding the conductors on the first and second lead frames that cross over each other from making electrical connection therewith.
10. In combination:
a plurality of flat elongated conductors for conveying electrical signals along an interconnection path that extends from one end of the conductors to theother end thereof;
a dielectric block including top and front side surfaces, the top surface having slots that are generally parallel to each other and receive the conductors therein; and means for changing the relative positioning of a first and second of the conductors so that along one portion of the path the first conductor is positioned on the right of the second conductor, and along another portion of the path the first conductor is positioned on the left of the second conductor; whereby crosstalk between conductors is reduced..
a plurality of flat elongated conductors for conveying electrical signals along an interconnection path that extends from one end of the conductors to theother end thereof;
a dielectric block including top and front side surfaces, the top surface having slots that are generally parallel to each other and receive the conductors therein; and means for changing the relative positioning of a first and second of the conductors so that along one portion of the path the first conductor is positioned on the right of the second conductor, and along another portion of the path the first conductor is positioned on the left of the second conductor; whereby crosstalk between conductors is reduced..
11. The combination of claim 10 wherein the front surface of the dielectric block includes a tongue-like projection around which the conductors are folded, said projection being shaped for insertion into an opening in a jack frame;
whereby an electrical plug having reduced crosstalk is formed.
whereby an electrical plug having reduced crosstalk is formed.
12. The combination of claim 11 further including a dielectric jack frame having front and back surfaces and an opening that extends therebetween, the opening in the front surface being adapted to receive an electrical plug inserted therein, and the opening in the back surface being adapted to receive the projection of the dielectric block; whereby an electrical jack having reduced crosstalk is formed.
13. An electrical jack comprising a conductor array, a spring block and a jack frame, the conductor array comprising:
a plurality of generally co-planar electrical conductors, each being terminated in a resilient wire at one end and in an insulation-displacing connector at the other end;
a first conductor in the array being positioned on the left side of a second conductor along one portion of a path that extends between their ends, and being positioned on the right side of the second conductor along another portion of the path;
the spring block comprising:
a dielectric structure including a tongue-like projection having top and bottom surfaces, the conductor array being positioned on the top surface of the dielectric structure with its resilient wires folded around the tongue-like projection forming spring contacts; and the jack frame comprising:
a dielectric structure having front and back surfaces and an opening that extends therebetween, the opening in the front surface being adapted to receive an electrical plug inserted therein, and the opening in the back surface receiving the tongue-like projection in the spring block.
a plurality of generally co-planar electrical conductors, each being terminated in a resilient wire at one end and in an insulation-displacing connector at the other end;
a first conductor in the array being positioned on the left side of a second conductor along one portion of a path that extends between their ends, and being positioned on the right side of the second conductor along another portion of the path;
the spring block comprising:
a dielectric structure including a tongue-like projection having top and bottom surfaces, the conductor array being positioned on the top surface of the dielectric structure with its resilient wires folded around the tongue-like projection forming spring contacts; and the jack frame comprising:
a dielectric structure having front and back surfaces and an opening that extends therebetween, the opening in the front surface being adapted to receive an electrical plug inserted therein, and the opening in the back surface receiving the tongue-like projection in the spring block.
14. An electrical plug comprising a conductor array, a spring block and a cover, the conductor array comprising:
a plurality of generally co-planar electrical conductors, each being terminated in a resilient at one end and in an insulation-displacing connector at the other end;
a first conductor in the array being positioned on the left side of a second conductor along one portion of a path that extends between their ends, and being positioned on the right side of the second conductor along another portion of the path;
the spring block comprising:
a dielectric structure including a tongue-like projection having top and bottom surfaces, the conductor array being positioned on the top surface of the dielectric structure with its resilient wires folded around the tongue-like projection;
and the cover comprising:
a dielectric structure having left-side and right-side walls that are parallel to each other but perpendicular to a top surface that structurally joins the side walls, the cover being joined to the spring block in a manner such that theconductor array is captured between the cover and the spring block.
a plurality of generally co-planar electrical conductors, each being terminated in a resilient at one end and in an insulation-displacing connector at the other end;
a first conductor in the array being positioned on the left side of a second conductor along one portion of a path that extends between their ends, and being positioned on the right side of the second conductor along another portion of the path;
the spring block comprising:
a dielectric structure including a tongue-like projection having top and bottom surfaces, the conductor array being positioned on the top surface of the dielectric structure with its resilient wires folded around the tongue-like projection;
and the cover comprising:
a dielectric structure having left-side and right-side walls that are parallel to each other but perpendicular to a top surface that structurally joins the side walls, the cover being joined to the spring block in a manner such that theconductor array is captured between the cover and the spring block.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/840,476 US5186647A (en) | 1992-02-24 | 1992-02-24 | High frequency electrical connector |
| US840,476 | 1992-02-24 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2085270A1 CA2085270A1 (en) | 1993-08-25 |
| CA2085270C true CA2085270C (en) | 1996-08-06 |
Family
ID=25282480
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002085270A Expired - Lifetime CA2085270C (en) | 1992-02-24 | 1992-12-14 | High frequency electrical connector |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5186647A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0558225B2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0684562A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR970001947B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2085270C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69306012T3 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK42597A (en) |
| SG (1) | SG43175A1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW209326B (en) |
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| US4831497A (en) * | 1986-09-11 | 1989-05-16 | General Electric Company | Reduction of cross talk in interconnecting conductors |
| US4725249A (en) | 1986-09-22 | 1988-02-16 | American Telephone & Telegraph Company | Connector assembly |
| US4767338A (en) | 1987-04-20 | 1988-08-30 | Dennis Melburn W | Printed circuit board telephone interface |
| AU595890B2 (en) | 1987-05-08 | 1990-04-12 | Adc Gmbh | Connector block with normally open or switching contacts |
| US4785135A (en) | 1987-07-13 | 1988-11-15 | International Business Machines Corporation | De-coupled printed circuits |
| JPS6420690U (en) | 1987-07-28 | 1989-02-01 | ||
| US4865564A (en) | 1988-06-10 | 1989-09-12 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company | Wall mounted connecting block |
| US4820192A (en) | 1988-06-10 | 1989-04-11 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company | Connecting block construction |
| US4850887A (en) * | 1988-07-07 | 1989-07-25 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Electrical connector |
| GB2233157B (en) | 1989-06-13 | 1992-10-21 | British Aerospace | Printed circuit board |
| JPH03196477A (en) * | 1989-12-26 | 1991-08-27 | Hirose Electric Co Ltd | Modular jack and method for expanding pitch of jack terminal |
| GB2242080B (en) | 1990-03-09 | 1994-12-21 | Krone Ag | Electrical connectors |
| US5055064A (en) | 1991-02-04 | 1991-10-08 | Junkosha Co., Ltd. | Branching connector for a shielded cable |
| ATE130968T1 (en) † | 1991-08-01 | 1995-12-15 | Siemens Ag | CONNECTION FOR DOMESTIC COMPUTER NETWORKS. |
| US5299956B1 (en) | 1992-03-23 | 1995-10-24 | Superior Modular Prod Inc | Low cross talk electrical connector system |
| CA2072380C (en) | 1992-06-25 | 2000-08-01 | Michel Bohbot | Circuit assemblies of printed circuit boards and telecommunications connectors |
| US5432484A (en) | 1992-08-20 | 1995-07-11 | Hubbell Incorporated | Connector for communication systems with cancelled crosstalk |
| GB2273397B (en) | 1992-11-16 | 1997-01-29 | Krone Ag | Electrical connectors |
| DE4242404C1 (en) | 1992-12-09 | 1994-02-17 | Krone Ag | Connector for high speed voice and data transmission networks (CDDI connector) |
| DE4334615C1 (en) | 1993-10-05 | 1994-09-08 | Krone Ag | Electrical plug connector |
-
1992
- 1992-02-24 US US07/840,476 patent/US5186647A/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-12-01 TW TW081109630A patent/TW209326B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-12-14 CA CA002085270A patent/CA2085270C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-02-15 JP JP5047177A patent/JPH0684562A/en active Pending
- 1993-02-15 KR KR1019930002033A patent/KR970001947B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-02-17 EP EP93301116A patent/EP0558225B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-17 SG SG1996004850A patent/SG43175A1/en unknown
- 1993-02-17 DE DE69306012T patent/DE69306012T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-04-03 HK HK42597A patent/HK42597A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2004
- 2004-11-22 US US10/994,928 patent/USRE41311E1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69306012T2 (en) | 1997-03-13 |
| AU3296093A (en) | 1993-09-02 |
| DE69306012D1 (en) | 1997-01-02 |
| EP0558225A1 (en) | 1993-09-01 |
| EP0558225B1 (en) | 1996-11-20 |
| HK42597A (en) | 1997-04-11 |
| US5186647A (en) | 1993-02-16 |
| JPH0684562A (en) | 1994-03-25 |
| DE69306012T3 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
| KR930018781A (en) | 1993-09-22 |
| KR970001947B1 (en) | 1997-02-19 |
| AU651028B2 (en) | 1994-07-07 |
| EP0558225B2 (en) | 2003-12-03 |
| TW209326B (en) | 1993-07-11 |
| SG43175A1 (en) | 1997-10-17 |
| USRE41311E1 (en) | 2010-05-04 |
| CA2085270A1 (en) | 1993-08-25 |
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Legal Events
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
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