CA2093895C - Nail lacquer for the treatment of onychomycosis - Google Patents
Nail lacquer for the treatment of onychomycosisInfo
- Publication number
- CA2093895C CA2093895C CA002093895A CA2093895A CA2093895C CA 2093895 C CA2093895 C CA 2093895C CA 002093895 A CA002093895 A CA 002093895A CA 2093895 A CA2093895 A CA 2093895A CA 2093895 C CA2093895 C CA 2093895C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- urea
- nail
- nail lacquer
- lacquer
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
- A61K8/494—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with more than one nitrogen as the only hetero atom
- A61K8/4946—Imidazoles or their condensed derivatives, e.g. benzimidazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
- A61K8/731—Cellulose; Quaternized cellulose derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q3/00—Manicure or pedicure preparations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q3/00—Manicure or pedicure preparations
- A61Q3/02—Nail coatings
Abstract
The invention relates to a nail lacquer for treating onychomycosis, comprised of a film-forming agent, an antimycotically active substance, and urea, wherewith the antimycotically active substance and the urea are liberated from the lacquer when the lacquer is applied.
A preferred formulation comprises cellulose derivative(s) as film former(s), clotrimazole as the antimycotic (present in the amount of 5-30 wt.% based on the weight of the non-volatile components), urea (present in the amount of 15-60 wt.% based on the weight of the non-volatile components), and dibutyl phthalate as a plasticizer, in a solvent mixture comprised of acetone and ethanol.
A preferred formulation comprises cellulose derivative(s) as film former(s), clotrimazole as the antimycotic (present in the amount of 5-30 wt.% based on the weight of the non-volatile components), urea (present in the amount of 15-60 wt.% based on the weight of the non-volatile components), and dibutyl phthalate as a plasticizer, in a solvent mixture comprised of acetone and ethanol.
Description
-~83-169-0 2 0 9 3 8 9 ~
Title of the Invention Nail lacquer for the treatment of onychomycosis.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention The invention relates to a nail lacguer (nail polish) for treating onychomycosis, which lacquer is comprised of a film-forming agent, an antimycotically active substance or mixture of antimycotically active substances, and urea, wherein the antimycotically active substance and the urea are liberated from the lacquer when applied to the nail to be treated.
Discussion of the Background Onychomycosis is a disease of the nails of the fingers and toes caused by Epidermophyton floccusum, by several species of Trichophyton or by Candida albicans. The nails become opaque, white, thickened, fragile and brittle. It is acknowledged that the therapy of onychomycosis is difficult and protracted. Oral therapy with antimycotics requires months of administration, has only a 50% success rate, and must be closely monitored for side effects.
As supplemental local measures, mechanical ablation of affected nail areas, and topical treatment with antimycotic-containing medicinal preparates, are used in practice.
Extraction of the nail, particularly where multiple nails are affected, is frequently not an acceptable option from the standpoint of the patient (see Mensing, H., and Walther, H., 1989, "Dermatologie in der taeglichen Praxis", Gustav-Fischer-209389~
_ -2-Verlag, Stuttgart-New York, pp. 239 ff.).
Topical use of generally suitable preparates is ineffective, because of inadequate penetration through the nail keratin. The proposal which has been made of drilling small holes in the nail to afford the fungicide access to the layers below would seem to be costly (Brem, J., 1981, "Effective topical method for therapy of onychomycosis", Cutis, 27, 69).
For some time, methods have been used which employ a specially formulated antimycotic-containing medicine.
Treatment of nails with a high-percentage solution of urea and sodium metabisulfide leads to cleavage of the disulfide linkages and hydrogen bridges of the keratin, enhancing the penetration by the fungicide (see Barlow, J.E., and Chattaway, F.W., 1955 Lancet II, 1269; and Ramesh, V., et al., 1983 Int.
J. Dermatol., 22, 148).
Another preparate which has proven effective in practice is a potassium iodide ointment having a lanolin base.
However, the preparate has the drawbacks of granularity (attributable to a recrystallization phenomena) and staining (due to liberation of iodide) (Kleine-Watrop, H.E., 1979 Dermatol. Mon. Schr., 165, 137).
Recent practice has been to use ointments with a urea content of up to 40 wt.%, for onycholysis. Such formulations do not attack healthy nail material. Preparations containing 30-40 wt.% of urea in an ointment based on wool wax alcohol or a similar base are frequently formulated and prescribed by 20~3895 dermatologists. Products of this type are also available commercially. The ointment is applied to the nail and covered with a plaster, then the softened nail material is removed after c. 24 hr with a scraper.
A number of patent applications describe topical nail lacquers.
JP-A 89-99,159 and JP-A 87-266,059 describe nail lacquers which comprise an antimycotic agent, polyvinyl acetate as a film former, and a volatile solvent component. The film which forms on the nail is removed after 6 hr. When 3 patients were treated repeatedly over a period of 3 mo, there was complete healing of nail trichophytosis.
DE 3,544,983 describes nail coatings comprising a water-insoluble film forming agent and an antimycotic agent.
In PCT App. WO 87 02 580 nail lacquers are described which contain a hydrophilic film forming agent with Mw < 550 Daltons and an antimycotic agent. After the nail lacquer is applied, a non-sticky transparent film forms within 3 min. It is possible to cure onychomycosis within 8 mo with 2 applications per week.
EP 298,271 describes nail lacquers comprising at least one water-insoluble film forming agent and at least one antimycotically active substance from the group tioconazole, econazole, oxiconazole, miconazole, tolnaftate, and naftifine hydrochloride. The nail lacquers are preferably employed as therapeutic nail lacquers which contain an amount of the antimycotic agent sufficient to kill the Dermatophytes _ responsible for the onychomycosis.
In PCT App. WO 88 08 884, a formulation for the topical treatment of onychomycosis is described which comprises an antimycotic agent, an antiseptic, and a film forming agent.
Treatment of onychomycosis for 28 weeks was successful.
Despite the favorable therapeutic effects of urea-containing ointments, the treatment is accompanied by unpleasantness for the patient which can be reduced by a formulation in the form of a nail lacquer. The ability to apply a lacquer to a locally circumscribed area on the nail enables one to avoid irritation of the surround skin. In addition, the application of a plaster is obviated, because the lacquer forms a solid film on the nail being treated.
On the other hand, there is the question of how rapidly (if at all) the antimycotic agent is released to the nail, and how quickly it reaches the locations in the nail which are affected by onychomycosis.
Based on the state of the art set forth above, and the above-mentioned requirements, the underlying problem of the invention is to devise a nail lacquer for treating onychomycosis which can be applied topically to the affected nail area, as an easily removable film, which provides good liberation of the active principle, and which affords good diffusion of the antimycotic active principle into the regions of the nail which are affected by onychomycosis, without attacking healthy nail material.
_ -5-SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It has been found that this problem is solved in outstanding fashion by nail lacquers comprising a) a film former, preferably a cellulose derivative, b) an antimycotically active substance, preferably clotrimazole, c) urea, and d) optionally plasticizers, in a solvent mixture comprised of (i) a component _ which absorbs or is absorbed by the film former, and (ii) a component B which dissolves the active principles (urea and the antimycotic).
The present invention also relates to a method of treating onychomycosis by applying the above described nail lacquer.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The film forming agent:
The film forming agents are polymers which form coherent films as the solvent evaporates; these films are permeable to the antimycotic active principle and the urea.
Thus, e.g., polymer dispersions may be used wherein drying is carried out at temperatures above the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the dispersions then form continuous polymer films. If a substrate such as a fingernail is coated with such a polymer dispersion, and drying is carried out by evaporation of the solvent, the result is a 209389~
_ -6-film-coated surface (see Kirk-Othmer, 1981, "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", 3rd Ed., Vol. 14, J. Wiley, New York, p.
30).
Such polymer dispersions may be comprised of polyvinyl acetate; mixed polymers of vinyl acetate and acrylic acid;
mixed polymers of (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylate esters, polyvinyl acetate, or polyvinyl butyryl.
Preferred film formers are cellulose derivatives, such as cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose nitrate, cellulose sulfate, ethylcellulose, and cellulose acetate. For the manufacture and the film forming properties of these cellulose derivatives, see Kirk-Othmer, 1979, loc.cit., Vol. 5, pp.
70-163.
The combination of an antimYcotic and urea:
The inventively employed antimycotics are preferably imidazole derivatives, such as Tioconazole:
N~ -CH2 -CH - O-CH2 -~J , I) ~CI
Econazole;
~1~1 - CH2 -CH - O - C~2 - ~) - Cl ( 'I ~
~,CI
Oxiconazole:
CH2 -C - N - O -CH2 ~CI ~III) Miconazole: Cl ~1 -CH2-CH - O-CH2 - ~CI ( IV~
and, particularly preferably, (~CI~
Clotrimazole~ C ~ ~V) [~
Other suitable antimycotic compounds are bifonazole, butoconazole, chlordantoin, chlormidazole, cloconazole, enilconazole, fenticonazole, isoconazole, ketoconazole, omoconazole, oxiconazole nitrate, and sulconazole. The prèparation of these antimycotic compounds can be found by reference to the appropriate passages from the Merck Index, _ -8-11th Edition.
The urea employed in combination with the antimycotic is known for its keratolytic action (EP 298,271). Therefore it was to be expected that strong keratolysis would occur with urea in the proportions used according to the invention, namely 10-60 wt.%, preferably 15-60 wt.% urea more preferably 20-50 wt.%, in combination with 1-50 wt.%, preferably 5-30 wt.% more preferably 10-20 wt.% antimycotic (% by weight figures are based on the nonvolatile components of the nail lacquer), which will soften healthy as well as onychomycotic affected areas of the nail. Concerning the keratolytic action of urea and the optimum set of properties of combinations of urea and pharmaceutical active principles, see Wohlrab, W., 1981 Dermatol. Monatschrift, 167, 188-191. It is pointed out there that the improved effectiveness of externally applied medicines when urea is added comes about bv the additive effect of a number of factors, and is not obvious to one skilled in the art. Surprisingly, the urea and the antimycotic are liberated in measured fashion onto the nail from the film which forms, in such a way that the healthy parts of the nail do not undergo substantial keratolysis.
This enables highly targeted and localized treatment of onychomycosis, with maximum retention of healthy nail material.
The solvent for the film former(s). antimycotic, and urea:
Solvents for the inventive lacquer, which may be present g in amounts of at least SO wt.%, preferably at least 70 wt.%, particularly preferably at least 80 wt.% (based on the weight of the lacquer formulation), may be, e.g., substances used in the cosmetics industry. such as alcohols, ketones, ethers, aromatic hydrocarbons (e.a. toluene), or esters (e.a. ethyl acetate). Preferred are combinations of solvents wherein the components have a good uptake of the film forming agent(s) and good solubility for the active principles (the antimycotic and urea).
Particularly preferred are mixtures of ketones and alcohols, e.g. acetone/ethanol mixtures (in the case of cellulose acetate as the film former, urea as the keratolytic active principle, and clotrimazole as the antimycotic active principle).
At the same time, the solvent (or preferably the solvent mixture) must be sufficiently volatile to provide drying times of the nail lacquer of a few minutes or less. Other factors beside drying time which are of importance are flow characteristics in application, rate of film-forming, viscosity, and other significant lacquer parameters. To provide uniform evaporation, preferably the solvent mixture is comprised of a mixture of solvents having different boiling points. Advantageously, solvents in this connection have boiling points between 40 and 150C.
The mixture of solvent(s), film former(s), urea, and antimycotic preferably also contains plasticizers, such as, e.g., triacetin, propylene glycol, castor oil, camphor, or 209389i phthalates: particularly preferred is dibutyl phthalate in an amount of from 5-30 wt.% preferably 10-20 wt.% based on non-volatile components. The plasticizers influence the liberation of the urea and the antimycotic, and therefore should be adjusted individually. The combination of film former, urea, antimycotic, and any plasticizers is referred to as "the non-volatile components".
Additional non-volatile adjuvants for nail lacquers familiar in the cosmetics industry may also be employed, e.g.
dyestuff pigments, pearl gloss pigments, colloid stabilizers, UV stabilizers. and/or antibacterially active substances.
The method of manufacturing the nail lacquer may be done by a conventional method of lacquer formulation, such as one of those described, e.g., in Kirk-Othmer 3rd Ed., 1979, loc.cit., Vol. 6, up. 427-445.
In a preferred embodiment, the film former is first taken up by (or mixed to swelling with) a component A of the solvent mixture, and then in a second step the active principles (antimycotic and urea) and any plasticizers and/or other additives are added, in dissolved form in a component B of the solvent mixture. Particularly preferred substances for component A are ketones and esters (more particularly acetone-if the film former is cellulose acetate), and for component B
alcohols (more particularly ethanol, if the antimycotic is clotrimazole, employed along with urea).
The inventive nail lacquer has an onycholytic and antimycotic action, wherewith the active principles (urea and 209389~
an antimycotic) are liberated from the lacquer in such a way that the healthy parts of the nail do not undergo any substantial keratolysis, and thus it is possible to achieve localized topical treatment of onychomycosis with maximum retention of the nail substance.
The lacquer preparates have good application properties, and dry rapidly to a smooth, glossy film, having a white color in the case of urea-containing formulations, because of the high content of urea and solids. Locally controlled application of the nail lacquer is advantageous, because if the application is not carefully circumscribed (e.g. as when a high-urea preparate is applied in ointment form) the high urea content leads to keratolytic attack upon the skin surrounding the nail.
Liberation studies showed that both urea and the antimycotic are liberated from the lacquer at the desired dose rates. The plasticizers which may be added serve to promote the liberation of the urea and the antimycotic; however, if plasticizers are present in high proportions they are detrimental to the properties of the lacquer, rendering it tacky.
A further advantage is that the active principles (urea and the antimycotic) do not need to be administered systemically, e.g. orally or intravenously.
Having generally described this invention, a further understanding can be obtained by reference to certain specific examples which are provided herein for purposes of 2~9389S
_ -12-illustration only and are not intended to be limiting unless otherwise specified.
In order to treat onychomycosis, a nail lacquer according to the present invention is applied to the surface of the nail to be treated. The nail lacquer is applied to the nail to be treated and is left of the surface of the nail. The treatment is repeated as necessary, until the affected area to be treated healthy.
The following Examples serve to illustrate the invention.
Examples:
Example 1: Preparation of the lacquer:
The composition of the nail lacquer was as follows:
0.5 g cellulose acetate 0.15 g plasticizer 0.28 g urea 0.10 g clotrimazole, as a solid incorporated into the following fluid mixture:
Title of the Invention Nail lacquer for the treatment of onychomycosis.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention The invention relates to a nail lacguer (nail polish) for treating onychomycosis, which lacquer is comprised of a film-forming agent, an antimycotically active substance or mixture of antimycotically active substances, and urea, wherein the antimycotically active substance and the urea are liberated from the lacquer when applied to the nail to be treated.
Discussion of the Background Onychomycosis is a disease of the nails of the fingers and toes caused by Epidermophyton floccusum, by several species of Trichophyton or by Candida albicans. The nails become opaque, white, thickened, fragile and brittle. It is acknowledged that the therapy of onychomycosis is difficult and protracted. Oral therapy with antimycotics requires months of administration, has only a 50% success rate, and must be closely monitored for side effects.
As supplemental local measures, mechanical ablation of affected nail areas, and topical treatment with antimycotic-containing medicinal preparates, are used in practice.
Extraction of the nail, particularly where multiple nails are affected, is frequently not an acceptable option from the standpoint of the patient (see Mensing, H., and Walther, H., 1989, "Dermatologie in der taeglichen Praxis", Gustav-Fischer-209389~
_ -2-Verlag, Stuttgart-New York, pp. 239 ff.).
Topical use of generally suitable preparates is ineffective, because of inadequate penetration through the nail keratin. The proposal which has been made of drilling small holes in the nail to afford the fungicide access to the layers below would seem to be costly (Brem, J., 1981, "Effective topical method for therapy of onychomycosis", Cutis, 27, 69).
For some time, methods have been used which employ a specially formulated antimycotic-containing medicine.
Treatment of nails with a high-percentage solution of urea and sodium metabisulfide leads to cleavage of the disulfide linkages and hydrogen bridges of the keratin, enhancing the penetration by the fungicide (see Barlow, J.E., and Chattaway, F.W., 1955 Lancet II, 1269; and Ramesh, V., et al., 1983 Int.
J. Dermatol., 22, 148).
Another preparate which has proven effective in practice is a potassium iodide ointment having a lanolin base.
However, the preparate has the drawbacks of granularity (attributable to a recrystallization phenomena) and staining (due to liberation of iodide) (Kleine-Watrop, H.E., 1979 Dermatol. Mon. Schr., 165, 137).
Recent practice has been to use ointments with a urea content of up to 40 wt.%, for onycholysis. Such formulations do not attack healthy nail material. Preparations containing 30-40 wt.% of urea in an ointment based on wool wax alcohol or a similar base are frequently formulated and prescribed by 20~3895 dermatologists. Products of this type are also available commercially. The ointment is applied to the nail and covered with a plaster, then the softened nail material is removed after c. 24 hr with a scraper.
A number of patent applications describe topical nail lacquers.
JP-A 89-99,159 and JP-A 87-266,059 describe nail lacquers which comprise an antimycotic agent, polyvinyl acetate as a film former, and a volatile solvent component. The film which forms on the nail is removed after 6 hr. When 3 patients were treated repeatedly over a period of 3 mo, there was complete healing of nail trichophytosis.
DE 3,544,983 describes nail coatings comprising a water-insoluble film forming agent and an antimycotic agent.
In PCT App. WO 87 02 580 nail lacquers are described which contain a hydrophilic film forming agent with Mw < 550 Daltons and an antimycotic agent. After the nail lacquer is applied, a non-sticky transparent film forms within 3 min. It is possible to cure onychomycosis within 8 mo with 2 applications per week.
EP 298,271 describes nail lacquers comprising at least one water-insoluble film forming agent and at least one antimycotically active substance from the group tioconazole, econazole, oxiconazole, miconazole, tolnaftate, and naftifine hydrochloride. The nail lacquers are preferably employed as therapeutic nail lacquers which contain an amount of the antimycotic agent sufficient to kill the Dermatophytes _ responsible for the onychomycosis.
In PCT App. WO 88 08 884, a formulation for the topical treatment of onychomycosis is described which comprises an antimycotic agent, an antiseptic, and a film forming agent.
Treatment of onychomycosis for 28 weeks was successful.
Despite the favorable therapeutic effects of urea-containing ointments, the treatment is accompanied by unpleasantness for the patient which can be reduced by a formulation in the form of a nail lacquer. The ability to apply a lacquer to a locally circumscribed area on the nail enables one to avoid irritation of the surround skin. In addition, the application of a plaster is obviated, because the lacquer forms a solid film on the nail being treated.
On the other hand, there is the question of how rapidly (if at all) the antimycotic agent is released to the nail, and how quickly it reaches the locations in the nail which are affected by onychomycosis.
Based on the state of the art set forth above, and the above-mentioned requirements, the underlying problem of the invention is to devise a nail lacquer for treating onychomycosis which can be applied topically to the affected nail area, as an easily removable film, which provides good liberation of the active principle, and which affords good diffusion of the antimycotic active principle into the regions of the nail which are affected by onychomycosis, without attacking healthy nail material.
_ -5-SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It has been found that this problem is solved in outstanding fashion by nail lacquers comprising a) a film former, preferably a cellulose derivative, b) an antimycotically active substance, preferably clotrimazole, c) urea, and d) optionally plasticizers, in a solvent mixture comprised of (i) a component _ which absorbs or is absorbed by the film former, and (ii) a component B which dissolves the active principles (urea and the antimycotic).
The present invention also relates to a method of treating onychomycosis by applying the above described nail lacquer.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The film forming agent:
The film forming agents are polymers which form coherent films as the solvent evaporates; these films are permeable to the antimycotic active principle and the urea.
Thus, e.g., polymer dispersions may be used wherein drying is carried out at temperatures above the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the dispersions then form continuous polymer films. If a substrate such as a fingernail is coated with such a polymer dispersion, and drying is carried out by evaporation of the solvent, the result is a 209389~
_ -6-film-coated surface (see Kirk-Othmer, 1981, "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", 3rd Ed., Vol. 14, J. Wiley, New York, p.
30).
Such polymer dispersions may be comprised of polyvinyl acetate; mixed polymers of vinyl acetate and acrylic acid;
mixed polymers of (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylate esters, polyvinyl acetate, or polyvinyl butyryl.
Preferred film formers are cellulose derivatives, such as cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose nitrate, cellulose sulfate, ethylcellulose, and cellulose acetate. For the manufacture and the film forming properties of these cellulose derivatives, see Kirk-Othmer, 1979, loc.cit., Vol. 5, pp.
70-163.
The combination of an antimYcotic and urea:
The inventively employed antimycotics are preferably imidazole derivatives, such as Tioconazole:
N~ -CH2 -CH - O-CH2 -~J , I) ~CI
Econazole;
~1~1 - CH2 -CH - O - C~2 - ~) - Cl ( 'I ~
~,CI
Oxiconazole:
CH2 -C - N - O -CH2 ~CI ~III) Miconazole: Cl ~1 -CH2-CH - O-CH2 - ~CI ( IV~
and, particularly preferably, (~CI~
Clotrimazole~ C ~ ~V) [~
Other suitable antimycotic compounds are bifonazole, butoconazole, chlordantoin, chlormidazole, cloconazole, enilconazole, fenticonazole, isoconazole, ketoconazole, omoconazole, oxiconazole nitrate, and sulconazole. The prèparation of these antimycotic compounds can be found by reference to the appropriate passages from the Merck Index, _ -8-11th Edition.
The urea employed in combination with the antimycotic is known for its keratolytic action (EP 298,271). Therefore it was to be expected that strong keratolysis would occur with urea in the proportions used according to the invention, namely 10-60 wt.%, preferably 15-60 wt.% urea more preferably 20-50 wt.%, in combination with 1-50 wt.%, preferably 5-30 wt.% more preferably 10-20 wt.% antimycotic (% by weight figures are based on the nonvolatile components of the nail lacquer), which will soften healthy as well as onychomycotic affected areas of the nail. Concerning the keratolytic action of urea and the optimum set of properties of combinations of urea and pharmaceutical active principles, see Wohlrab, W., 1981 Dermatol. Monatschrift, 167, 188-191. It is pointed out there that the improved effectiveness of externally applied medicines when urea is added comes about bv the additive effect of a number of factors, and is not obvious to one skilled in the art. Surprisingly, the urea and the antimycotic are liberated in measured fashion onto the nail from the film which forms, in such a way that the healthy parts of the nail do not undergo substantial keratolysis.
This enables highly targeted and localized treatment of onychomycosis, with maximum retention of healthy nail material.
The solvent for the film former(s). antimycotic, and urea:
Solvents for the inventive lacquer, which may be present g in amounts of at least SO wt.%, preferably at least 70 wt.%, particularly preferably at least 80 wt.% (based on the weight of the lacquer formulation), may be, e.g., substances used in the cosmetics industry. such as alcohols, ketones, ethers, aromatic hydrocarbons (e.a. toluene), or esters (e.a. ethyl acetate). Preferred are combinations of solvents wherein the components have a good uptake of the film forming agent(s) and good solubility for the active principles (the antimycotic and urea).
Particularly preferred are mixtures of ketones and alcohols, e.g. acetone/ethanol mixtures (in the case of cellulose acetate as the film former, urea as the keratolytic active principle, and clotrimazole as the antimycotic active principle).
At the same time, the solvent (or preferably the solvent mixture) must be sufficiently volatile to provide drying times of the nail lacquer of a few minutes or less. Other factors beside drying time which are of importance are flow characteristics in application, rate of film-forming, viscosity, and other significant lacquer parameters. To provide uniform evaporation, preferably the solvent mixture is comprised of a mixture of solvents having different boiling points. Advantageously, solvents in this connection have boiling points between 40 and 150C.
The mixture of solvent(s), film former(s), urea, and antimycotic preferably also contains plasticizers, such as, e.g., triacetin, propylene glycol, castor oil, camphor, or 209389i phthalates: particularly preferred is dibutyl phthalate in an amount of from 5-30 wt.% preferably 10-20 wt.% based on non-volatile components. The plasticizers influence the liberation of the urea and the antimycotic, and therefore should be adjusted individually. The combination of film former, urea, antimycotic, and any plasticizers is referred to as "the non-volatile components".
Additional non-volatile adjuvants for nail lacquers familiar in the cosmetics industry may also be employed, e.g.
dyestuff pigments, pearl gloss pigments, colloid stabilizers, UV stabilizers. and/or antibacterially active substances.
The method of manufacturing the nail lacquer may be done by a conventional method of lacquer formulation, such as one of those described, e.g., in Kirk-Othmer 3rd Ed., 1979, loc.cit., Vol. 6, up. 427-445.
In a preferred embodiment, the film former is first taken up by (or mixed to swelling with) a component A of the solvent mixture, and then in a second step the active principles (antimycotic and urea) and any plasticizers and/or other additives are added, in dissolved form in a component B of the solvent mixture. Particularly preferred substances for component A are ketones and esters (more particularly acetone-if the film former is cellulose acetate), and for component B
alcohols (more particularly ethanol, if the antimycotic is clotrimazole, employed along with urea).
The inventive nail lacquer has an onycholytic and antimycotic action, wherewith the active principles (urea and 209389~
an antimycotic) are liberated from the lacquer in such a way that the healthy parts of the nail do not undergo any substantial keratolysis, and thus it is possible to achieve localized topical treatment of onychomycosis with maximum retention of the nail substance.
The lacquer preparates have good application properties, and dry rapidly to a smooth, glossy film, having a white color in the case of urea-containing formulations, because of the high content of urea and solids. Locally controlled application of the nail lacquer is advantageous, because if the application is not carefully circumscribed (e.g. as when a high-urea preparate is applied in ointment form) the high urea content leads to keratolytic attack upon the skin surrounding the nail.
Liberation studies showed that both urea and the antimycotic are liberated from the lacquer at the desired dose rates. The plasticizers which may be added serve to promote the liberation of the urea and the antimycotic; however, if plasticizers are present in high proportions they are detrimental to the properties of the lacquer, rendering it tacky.
A further advantage is that the active principles (urea and the antimycotic) do not need to be administered systemically, e.g. orally or intravenously.
Having generally described this invention, a further understanding can be obtained by reference to certain specific examples which are provided herein for purposes of 2~9389S
_ -12-illustration only and are not intended to be limiting unless otherwise specified.
In order to treat onychomycosis, a nail lacquer according to the present invention is applied to the surface of the nail to be treated. The nail lacquer is applied to the nail to be treated and is left of the surface of the nail. The treatment is repeated as necessary, until the affected area to be treated healthy.
The following Examples serve to illustrate the invention.
Examples:
Example 1: Preparation of the lacquer:
The composition of the nail lacquer was as follows:
0.5 g cellulose acetate 0.15 g plasticizer 0.28 g urea 0.10 g clotrimazole, as a solid incorporated into the following fluid mixture:
3.10 g ethanol (90 vol.%) 5.90 g acetone.
First, the cellulose acetate was taken up by the acetone.
Then the active principles (urea and clotrimazole) along with the plasticizer were added, as an ethanol solution.
Example 2: Choice of suitable solvent system;
There are particular criteria for the choice of a suitable solvent system: It must provide sufficient swelling of the film former, must sufficiently dissolve the active -principles to be employed (urea and the antimycotic), and should provide a reasonable drying time of the nail lacquer.
The solvent system was chosen and optimized based on a determination of urea solubility and volatility (see Rothemann, K., 1969, "Das grosse Rezeptbuch der Haut- und Koerperpflegemittel", pub. Dr. Alfred Huethig Verlag publishers, Heidelberg). The optimum system was found to comprise acetone and ethanol (the latter as 90 vol.% ethanol with 10 vol.% water), in mixture proportions 70-50 wt.%
acetone, 30-50 wt.% ethanol.
ExamPle 3: Selection of the plasticizer, and liberation of the active Principles (urea and clotrimazole):
Triacetin, propylene glycol, castor oil, and dibutyl phthalate were tested as plasticizers. Regarding outward characteristics, all of the lacquers could be evaluated as good, but there were major differences in the liberation of the active principles (urea and clotrimazole) (see Tables la and lb).
_ -14-Table la: Liberation of urea from lacquer preparates, as a function of the type of plasticizer used.
Plasticizer Urea Liberation ~ ~g mmolar Triacetin 0.76 + 0.05 11.421.39 Propyleneglycol 0.40 + 0.17 6.011.26 Castor Oil 0.20 + 0.08 3.05.63 Dibutylphthalate 4.42 + 0.91 66.3124.39 Table lb: Clotrimazole liberation from lacquer preparates, as a function of the plasticizer used.
Plasticizer Clotrimazol Liberation Mem~rane 1st 2nd 3rd % % % Total% ~g mmolar Triacetin 4.55 2.90 2.58 10.03 5.0 1.64 i0.82 ~0.21 i0.10 i0.81 Propyleneglycol 4.10 3.70 2.46 10.26 5.1 1.68 i0.54 i0.29 i0.73 i0.62 Castor Oil13.96 6.42 4.70 25.10 12.6 4.10 i0.88 ~1.15 il.21 il.79 Dibutylphthalate5.95 5.28 3.95 15.18 7.6 2.48 i0.19 i0.15 i0.58 i0.67 The studies to determine urea- and clotrimazole li~eration were carried out with a multimembrane model (see Neubet, R., and Wohlrab, W., 1990 Acta Pharm. Technol., 36, 197), under modified conditions. The membranes used were dodecanol-collodium membranes; test duration was 14 hr.
209389~
Because of the solvent present in the lacquer formulation, the lacquer could not be applied directly onto the membrane, but was applied to an aluminum foil in a field 2 x 2 cm which after complete drying was durably pressed onto the membrane in a cell. The amount of lacquer applied was about 5 mg.
Because variations in this regard were unavoidable, the evaluation was based on the percent of active principle which was liberated to the membrane (as a percentage of the amount of lacquer applied); the standard deviation over at least 4 parallel tests was given (see Tables 3a and 3b). The data in terms of micrograms and molar concentration were arrived at by calculating the mean values, based on the proportions of urea and antimycotic in 5 mg of lacquer.
Urea analysis:
The urea was extracted from the membrane by agitating 30 min with 4.0 ml water. Samples of 2.0 ml were treated with 1.0 ml of a 0.1% aqueous solution of diacetylmonoxime, 0.5 ml of a solution of N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediammonium dichloride (0.005 mol/l) containing 0.05% sodium bicarbonate (NaHC03), and 0.5 ml concentrated sulfuric acid. After a reaction time of 10 min in a boiling water bath, 0.25 ml of 1% potassium persulfate solution was added immediately. After color development over a period of 10-15 min, the samples were measured spectrophotometrically at 564 nm.
-Clotrimazole analYsis:
After extraction of the medicine from the membrane by agitating 30 min with 4.0 ml chloroform, 5.0 ml of a color reagent was added, comprised of 100 mg methyl orange in 100 ml boric acid solution (0.5 mol/l) which reagent had been freshly prepared and filtered. After agitation 5 min, 300 ~l sulfuric acid reagent was added to 2.0 ml of the organic phase. This sulfuric acid reagent was comprised of 2.0 ml concentrated sulfuric acid + 100.0 ml ethanol. The mixture was evaluated spectrophotometrically at 520 nm.
Results:
The distribution and liberation varied, as a result of the different physicochemical characteristics of urea and clotrimazole. Dibutyl phthalate liberated 6 to 22 times more urea than the other plasticizers (Table la). Castor oil was the plasticizer with which the most antimycotic agent was liberated (Table lb). For optimal therapy, for which the critical factor is successful onycholysis, the formulation with dibutyl phthalate as the plasticizer was selected.
After successful removal of the affected nail material it is then possible to employ a urea-free lacquer with optimized antimycotic concentration, for the remaining nail material which is still healthy.
Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the _ -17-scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.
First, the cellulose acetate was taken up by the acetone.
Then the active principles (urea and clotrimazole) along with the plasticizer were added, as an ethanol solution.
Example 2: Choice of suitable solvent system;
There are particular criteria for the choice of a suitable solvent system: It must provide sufficient swelling of the film former, must sufficiently dissolve the active -principles to be employed (urea and the antimycotic), and should provide a reasonable drying time of the nail lacquer.
The solvent system was chosen and optimized based on a determination of urea solubility and volatility (see Rothemann, K., 1969, "Das grosse Rezeptbuch der Haut- und Koerperpflegemittel", pub. Dr. Alfred Huethig Verlag publishers, Heidelberg). The optimum system was found to comprise acetone and ethanol (the latter as 90 vol.% ethanol with 10 vol.% water), in mixture proportions 70-50 wt.%
acetone, 30-50 wt.% ethanol.
ExamPle 3: Selection of the plasticizer, and liberation of the active Principles (urea and clotrimazole):
Triacetin, propylene glycol, castor oil, and dibutyl phthalate were tested as plasticizers. Regarding outward characteristics, all of the lacquers could be evaluated as good, but there were major differences in the liberation of the active principles (urea and clotrimazole) (see Tables la and lb).
_ -14-Table la: Liberation of urea from lacquer preparates, as a function of the type of plasticizer used.
Plasticizer Urea Liberation ~ ~g mmolar Triacetin 0.76 + 0.05 11.421.39 Propyleneglycol 0.40 + 0.17 6.011.26 Castor Oil 0.20 + 0.08 3.05.63 Dibutylphthalate 4.42 + 0.91 66.3124.39 Table lb: Clotrimazole liberation from lacquer preparates, as a function of the plasticizer used.
Plasticizer Clotrimazol Liberation Mem~rane 1st 2nd 3rd % % % Total% ~g mmolar Triacetin 4.55 2.90 2.58 10.03 5.0 1.64 i0.82 ~0.21 i0.10 i0.81 Propyleneglycol 4.10 3.70 2.46 10.26 5.1 1.68 i0.54 i0.29 i0.73 i0.62 Castor Oil13.96 6.42 4.70 25.10 12.6 4.10 i0.88 ~1.15 il.21 il.79 Dibutylphthalate5.95 5.28 3.95 15.18 7.6 2.48 i0.19 i0.15 i0.58 i0.67 The studies to determine urea- and clotrimazole li~eration were carried out with a multimembrane model (see Neubet, R., and Wohlrab, W., 1990 Acta Pharm. Technol., 36, 197), under modified conditions. The membranes used were dodecanol-collodium membranes; test duration was 14 hr.
209389~
Because of the solvent present in the lacquer formulation, the lacquer could not be applied directly onto the membrane, but was applied to an aluminum foil in a field 2 x 2 cm which after complete drying was durably pressed onto the membrane in a cell. The amount of lacquer applied was about 5 mg.
Because variations in this regard were unavoidable, the evaluation was based on the percent of active principle which was liberated to the membrane (as a percentage of the amount of lacquer applied); the standard deviation over at least 4 parallel tests was given (see Tables 3a and 3b). The data in terms of micrograms and molar concentration were arrived at by calculating the mean values, based on the proportions of urea and antimycotic in 5 mg of lacquer.
Urea analysis:
The urea was extracted from the membrane by agitating 30 min with 4.0 ml water. Samples of 2.0 ml were treated with 1.0 ml of a 0.1% aqueous solution of diacetylmonoxime, 0.5 ml of a solution of N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediammonium dichloride (0.005 mol/l) containing 0.05% sodium bicarbonate (NaHC03), and 0.5 ml concentrated sulfuric acid. After a reaction time of 10 min in a boiling water bath, 0.25 ml of 1% potassium persulfate solution was added immediately. After color development over a period of 10-15 min, the samples were measured spectrophotometrically at 564 nm.
-Clotrimazole analYsis:
After extraction of the medicine from the membrane by agitating 30 min with 4.0 ml chloroform, 5.0 ml of a color reagent was added, comprised of 100 mg methyl orange in 100 ml boric acid solution (0.5 mol/l) which reagent had been freshly prepared and filtered. After agitation 5 min, 300 ~l sulfuric acid reagent was added to 2.0 ml of the organic phase. This sulfuric acid reagent was comprised of 2.0 ml concentrated sulfuric acid + 100.0 ml ethanol. The mixture was evaluated spectrophotometrically at 520 nm.
Results:
The distribution and liberation varied, as a result of the different physicochemical characteristics of urea and clotrimazole. Dibutyl phthalate liberated 6 to 22 times more urea than the other plasticizers (Table la). Castor oil was the plasticizer with which the most antimycotic agent was liberated (Table lb). For optimal therapy, for which the critical factor is successful onycholysis, the formulation with dibutyl phthalate as the plasticizer was selected.
After successful removal of the affected nail material it is then possible to employ a urea-free lacquer with optimized antimycotic concentration, for the remaining nail material which is still healthy.
Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the _ -17-scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.
Claims (16)
1. A nail lacquer (nail polish) for treatment of onychomycosis, comprising:
a) a polymeric film forming agent, b) at least one antimycotically active substance, c) urea; and d) a solvent which comprises (i) 50-70 wt. % of acetone; and (ii) 30-50 wt. % of 90 volume % aqueous ethanol;
wherein in a first step, said polymeric film forming agent is dissolved in said acetone component of said solvent, and then in a second step, said antimycotically active substance and said urea are added to said polymeric film forming agent, in dissolved form in said aqueous ethanol; and wherein following topical application and drying of said nail lacquer, the antimycotically active substance and said urea are liberated from the lacquer.
a) a polymeric film forming agent, b) at least one antimycotically active substance, c) urea; and d) a solvent which comprises (i) 50-70 wt. % of acetone; and (ii) 30-50 wt. % of 90 volume % aqueous ethanol;
wherein in a first step, said polymeric film forming agent is dissolved in said acetone component of said solvent, and then in a second step, said antimycotically active substance and said urea are added to said polymeric film forming agent, in dissolved form in said aqueous ethanol; and wherein following topical application and drying of said nail lacquer, the antimycotically active substance and said urea are liberated from the lacquer.
2. The nail lacquer of claim 1, wherein said film forming agent is a cellulose derivative.
3. The nail lacquer of claim 2, further comprising 5-30 wt. %, based on the weight of the non-volatile components of a plasticizer, selected from the group consisting of phthalic acid ester, glycol, triacetin, camphor, castor oil and a mixture thereof.
4. The nail lacquer of claim 2, wherein said antimycotically active substance is clotrimazole.
5. The nail lacquer of claim 2, wherein said antimycotically active substance is present in the amount of 5-30 wt. %, based on the weight of the non-volatile components.
6. The nail lacquer of claim 2, wherein said urea is present in the amount of 15-60 wt. %, based on the weight of the non-volatile components.
7. The nail lacquer of claim 3, wherein said plasticizer is dibutyl phthalate.
8. The nail lacquer of claim 3, further comprising 10-20 wt. % based on the weight of the non-volatile components of a plasticizer, selected from the group consisting of phthalic acid ester, glycol, triacetin, camphor, castor oil and a mixture thereof.
9. The nail lacquer of claim 5, wherein said anti-mycotically active substance is present in an amount of 10-20 wt. %, based on the weight of the non-volatile components.
10. The nail lacquer of claim 6, wherein said urea is present in an amount of 20-50 wt. % based on the weight of the non-volatile components.
11. The nail lacquer of claim 2, wherein said film forming agent is selective from the group consisting of cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose nitrate, cellulose sulfate, ethylcellulose, and cellulose acetate and a mixture thereof.
12. The nail lacquer of claim 1, wherein said anti-mycotically active substance is selected from the group consisting of tioconazole, econazole, oxiconazole, miconazole, clotrimazole and a mixture thereof.
13. Use of the nail lacquer of claim 14 for treating onychomycosis.
14. The nail lacquer of claim 3, further comprising 10-20 wt. %, based on the weight of the non-volatile components of a plasticizer, selected from the group consisting of phthalic acid ester, glycol, triacetin, camphor, castor oil and a mixture thereof.
15. The nail lacquer of claim 5, wherein said anti-mycotically active substance is present in an amount of 10-20 wt. %, based on the weight of the non-volatile components.
16. The nail lacquer of claim 6, wherein said urea is present in an amount of 20-50 wt. % based on the weight of the non-volatile components.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP4212105.1 | 1992-04-10 | ||
| DE4212105A DE4212105A1 (en) | 1992-04-10 | 1992-04-10 | Nail polish for the treatment of onychomycoses |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2093895A1 CA2093895A1 (en) | 1993-10-11 |
| CA2093895C true CA2093895C (en) | 1997-04-15 |
Family
ID=6456565
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002093895A Expired - Fee Related CA2093895C (en) | 1992-04-10 | 1993-04-13 | Nail lacquer for the treatment of onychomycosis |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5346692A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0565072B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH069342A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE150641T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2093895C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4212105A1 (en) |
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| DE19518262A1 (en) * | 1995-05-18 | 1996-11-21 | Hoechst Ag | The use of glyceryl triacetate for the treatment of onychomycoses |
| US5661170A (en) * | 1994-03-21 | 1997-08-26 | Woodward Laboratories, Inc. | Antimicrobial compositions and methods for using the same |
| US5632973A (en) * | 1995-09-19 | 1997-05-27 | Keller; Alexander M. L. | Artificial fingernail method and composition |
| US5770184A (en) * | 1995-09-19 | 1998-06-23 | Keller; Alexander M. L. | Artificial fingernail method and composition |
| DE19643831A1 (en) | 1996-10-30 | 1998-05-07 | Hoechst Ag | Medicament for treating azole-resistant fungal infections |
| US5696105A (en) * | 1996-03-14 | 1997-12-09 | Hackler; Walter A. | Antifungal nail composition |
| DE19639816A1 (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1998-04-02 | Hoechst Ag | Antifungal agents with high drug release |
| US20040039030A1 (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 2004-02-26 | Hoechst Akeengesellschaft | Use of 1-hydroxy-2-pyridones for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis |
| DE19639817A1 (en) | 1996-09-27 | 1998-04-02 | Hoechst Ag | Use of 1-hydroxy-2-pyridones for the treatment of skin infections |
| US5968986A (en) * | 1997-12-18 | 1999-10-19 | Woodward Laboratories, Inc. | Antimicrobial nail coating composition |
| EP1005267A4 (en) * | 1997-07-28 | 2003-07-09 | Dermatolazer Technologies Ltd | Phototherapy based method for treating pathogens and composition for effecting same |
| US5993790A (en) * | 1997-08-04 | 1999-11-30 | Pedinol Pharmacal Inc. | Nail evulsion compositions and method for evulsing nails and treating nail and nail bed infections |
| US5994383A (en) * | 1997-11-18 | 1999-11-30 | Woodward Laboratories, Inc. | Surfactant-based antimicrobial compositions and methods for using the same |
| EP0983037B1 (en) * | 1998-02-09 | 2003-05-02 | MacroChem Corporation | Antifungal nail lacquer |
| US6264927B1 (en) | 1998-08-27 | 2001-07-24 | Elmer P. Monahan | Topical solution and method for the treatment of nail fungus |
| US6479039B1 (en) | 1999-07-13 | 2002-11-12 | Woodward Laboratories, Inc. | Antimicrobial artificial nail composition and methods for preparing and using same |
| US6403063B1 (en) | 1999-07-26 | 2002-06-11 | Kenneth I. Sawyer | Method of treating nail fungus |
| US6401724B1 (en) * | 1999-10-11 | 2002-06-11 | Par Pharmaceuticals Incorporated | Method of applying a cosmetic nail lacquer or polish to a nail |
| EP1263426B1 (en) * | 2000-01-03 | 2006-03-15 | Karl Kraemer | Preparations for the non-traumatic excision of a nail |
| US6495124B1 (en) | 2000-02-14 | 2002-12-17 | Macrochem Corporation | Antifungal nail lacquer and method using same |
| DE10011081A1 (en) * | 2000-03-09 | 2001-09-13 | Aventis Pharma Gmbh | Lacquer formulation for treating and preventing onychomycosis, comprising combination of systemic and topical antimycotic agents in film-forming polymer base |
| US7074392B1 (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2006-07-11 | Taro Pharmaceutical Industries Limited | Controllled delivery system of antifungal and keratolytic agents for local treatment of fungal infections |
| US8257688B2 (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2012-09-04 | Taro Pharmaceuticals Industries | Controlled delivery system of antifungal and keratolytic agents for local treatment of fungal infections of the nail and surrounding tissues |
| US6740314B2 (en) | 2000-07-07 | 2004-05-25 | Kirker-Enterprises, Inc. | Nail enamel compositions containing bismuth oxychloride |
| US6565835B1 (en) * | 2000-07-07 | 2003-05-20 | Kirker Enterprises, Inc. | Nail enamel compositions containing aluminum platelets |
| DE10035991A1 (en) | 2000-07-24 | 2002-02-14 | Polichem Sa | Nail polish composition |
| HUP0501023A3 (en) * | 2001-01-09 | 2008-04-28 | Dvoretzky | Therapeutic film forming composition and treatment system therefor |
| US6878365B2 (en) * | 2001-03-10 | 2005-04-12 | James Edward Brehove | Topical application for treating toenail fungus |
| DE10126501A1 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2002-12-12 | Aventis Pharma Gmbh | Composition used for detaching abnormal keratin material e.g. warts or fungally damage nails, comprises mixture of urea, film former and water or aqueous alcohol |
| FR2830449B1 (en) * | 2001-10-05 | 2004-04-23 | Fabre Pierre Dermo Cosmetique | USE OF TAZAROTENE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A NAIL VARNISH FOR THE TREATMENT AND / OR PREVENTION OF PSORIASIS AND A NAIL VARNISH CONTAINING IT |
| US20040071760A1 (en) * | 2002-01-07 | 2004-04-15 | Israel Dvoretzky | Therapeutic film forming composition and treatment system therefor |
| US6998114B2 (en) | 2002-01-22 | 2006-02-14 | Eastman Chemical Company | Hair grooming formulations and methods for the use thereof |
| US6743417B2 (en) * | 2002-04-22 | 2004-06-01 | Bradley Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Method of treating onychomycosis with urea and an antioxidant |
| US20030049307A1 (en) * | 2002-08-15 | 2003-03-13 | Gyurik Robert J. | Pharmaceutical composition |
| US20060216267A1 (en) * | 2002-08-20 | 2006-09-28 | Kovacs Stephen G | Hydrophobic elastomeric polymer chemistry device for inhibiting the growth of onychomycosis and urushiol-induced allergic contact dermatitis |
| US8404751B2 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2013-03-26 | Hallux, Inc. | Subunguicide, and method for treating onychomycosis |
| US20050025724A1 (en) * | 2003-07-28 | 2005-02-03 | Robert Laggan | Composition and method for dry nail polish repair |
| US20060280703A1 (en) * | 2003-07-29 | 2006-12-14 | Pascal Lefrancois | Antimycotic nail varnish |
| DE10341944A1 (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-04-28 | York Pharma Plc | Antimycotic nail polish formulation with substituted 2-aminothiazoles as active ingredient |
| US20070243222A1 (en) * | 2006-02-03 | 2007-10-18 | Carl Lawyer | Fungicidal formulation and method of use |
| WO2007098591A2 (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2007-09-07 | Nuvo Research Inc. | Topical nail formulation |
| DE102006049585A1 (en) * | 2006-10-22 | 2008-04-24 | Susilo, Rudy, Dr. | Nail varnish useful for treating toenail and fingernail disorders comprises urea; fatty acids; allantoin, dexpanthenol, hyaluronic acid, penetration enhancer, antimicrobial agent, antipsoriatic agent and/or antieczema agent |
| US8771725B2 (en) | 2007-10-12 | 2014-07-08 | Chesson Laboratory Associates, Inc. | Poly(urea-urethane) compositions useful as topical medicaments and methods of using the same |
| US20090175810A1 (en) | 2008-01-03 | 2009-07-09 | Gareth Winckle | Compositions and methods for treating diseases of the nail |
| US20090298805A1 (en) * | 2008-06-03 | 2009-12-03 | Polson George A | Topical pyrithione compositions and methods for treatment of nail fungus |
| FR2937250B1 (en) * | 2008-10-21 | 2013-05-10 | Fabre Pierre Dermo Cosmetique | UREA-BASED FILMOGENOUS SOLUTION FOR THE TREATMENT OF NAIL PSORASIS |
| CA2764236A1 (en) * | 2009-08-13 | 2011-02-17 | Moberg Derma Ab | Compositions and methods for treating fungal infection of the nail |
| ES2369101B2 (en) | 2010-05-07 | 2012-08-02 | Universidade De Santiago De Compostela | PHARMACEUTICAL SYSTEM FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS IN THE NAILS. |
| WO2012110430A1 (en) * | 2011-02-10 | 2012-08-23 | Moberg Derma Ab | Novel composition for topical use on a nail |
| US9295251B1 (en) | 2011-04-08 | 2016-03-29 | Safehands Solutions, LLC | Synergistic antimicrobial compositions of PCMX and carboxylic acid and related methods |
| US9693564B2 (en) | 2011-06-21 | 2017-07-04 | Safehands Solutions, LLC | Water based antimicrobial composition using benzalkonium chloride and cocamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate |
| CA2775393C (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2014-04-29 | Samy Saad | Topical non-aqueous pharmaceutical formulations |
| US8835369B2 (en) | 2012-06-04 | 2014-09-16 | L'oreal | Odorless acetone-free nail polish removing composition |
| NL2009669C2 (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2014-04-23 | Dutch Renewable Energy B V | Enhanced nail penetrating composition. |
| US8697753B1 (en) | 2013-02-07 | 2014-04-15 | Polichem Sa | Method of treating onychomycosis |
| JP2016514024A (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-05-19 | ハラックス，インコーポレイテッド | How to treat nail infections, diseases or disorders |
| AU2014329421B2 (en) | 2013-10-03 | 2018-08-02 | Dow Pharmaceutical Sciences, Inc. | Stabilized efinaconazole compositions |
| JP2017502089A (en) | 2014-01-10 | 2017-01-19 | マニスティー パートナーズ エルエルシーＭａｎｉｓｔｅｅ Ｐａｒｔｎｅｒｓ Ｌｌｃ | Migraine treatment |
| EP2952208A1 (en) | 2014-06-04 | 2015-12-09 | Universidade de Santiago de Compostela | Hydroalcoholic system for nail treatment |
| ITUA20164000A1 (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-08-31 | Ocinap S R L | patch kit for the treatment of fungal nail infections |
| EP4129292A1 (en) | 2021-08-04 | 2023-02-08 | OnychoPharm GmbH | Formulation for substituted 2-aminothiazoles in the treatment of fungal and fungal-bacterial infections of the nail |
| US11833134B1 (en) | 2023-02-06 | 2023-12-05 | King Faisal University | Polymeric clotrimazole biofilm for the treatment of otomycosis |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4180058A (en) * | 1978-08-15 | 1979-12-25 | Jacob Brem | Method of treating pathological conditions of the nail |
| DE3520098A1 (en) * | 1985-06-05 | 1986-12-11 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | FORMULAS CONTAINING AZOLE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE FOR ATRAUMATIC NAIL REMOVAL |
| WO1987002580A1 (en) * | 1985-11-04 | 1987-05-07 | Dermatological Products Of Texas | Film-forming, pharmaceutical vehicles for application of medicaments to nails, pharmaceutical compositions based on those vehicles, and methods of using same |
| DE3544983A1 (en) * | 1985-12-19 | 1987-06-25 | Hoechst Ag | ANTIMYCOTIC EFFECTIVE NAIL POLISH |
| FR2613227B1 (en) * | 1987-04-01 | 1990-12-28 | Oreal | PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS BASED ON MICONAZOLE NITRATE OR ECONAZOLE NITRATE IN THE TREATMENT OF NAIL FUNGAL INFECTIONS |
| DE3720147A1 (en) * | 1987-06-16 | 1988-12-29 | Hoechst Ag | ANTIMYCOTICALLY EFFECTIVE NAIL POLISH AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| JPH0783286B2 (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1995-09-06 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | AGC circuit |
| CA2008775C (en) * | 1989-02-24 | 1998-12-22 | Alberto Ferro | Nail lacquer |
-
1992
- 1992-04-10 DE DE4212105A patent/DE4212105A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1993
- 1993-04-07 AT AT93105731T patent/ATE150641T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-04-07 EP EP93105731A patent/EP0565072B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-04-07 DE DE59305922T patent/DE59305922D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-04-08 US US08/043,927 patent/US5346692A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-04-09 JP JP5083132A patent/JPH069342A/en active Pending
- 1993-04-13 CA CA002093895A patent/CA2093895C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4212105A1 (en) | 1993-10-14 |
| US5346692A (en) | 1994-09-13 |
| CA2093895A1 (en) | 1993-10-11 |
| JPH069342A (en) | 1994-01-18 |
| EP0565072B1 (en) | 1997-03-26 |
| EP0565072A1 (en) | 1993-10-13 |
| ATE150641T1 (en) | 1997-04-15 |
| DE59305922D1 (en) | 1997-04-30 |
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