CA2102574C - Valve lifter - Google Patents
Valve lifterInfo
- Publication number
- CA2102574C CA2102574C CA002102574A CA2102574A CA2102574C CA 2102574 C CA2102574 C CA 2102574C CA 002102574 A CA002102574 A CA 002102574A CA 2102574 A CA2102574 A CA 2102574A CA 2102574 C CA2102574 C CA 2102574C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- valve lifter
- roller
- set forth
- valve
- lifter body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/20—Adjusting or compensating clearance
- F01L1/22—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically
- F01L1/24—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically
- F01L1/245—Hydraulic tappets
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
- F01L1/14—Tappets; Push rods
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
- F01L1/14—Tappets; Push rods
- F01L1/146—Push-rods
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
- F01L1/14—Tappets; Push rods
- F01L1/16—Silencing impact; Reducing wear
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2305/00—Valve arrangements comprising rollers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/21—Elements
- Y10T74/2101—Cams
- Y10T74/2107—Follower
Abstract
A valve lifter of the roller type formed of a lightweight metal preferably aluminum or magnesium alloy. A roller formed of a wear resistant ceramic material is rotatably secured to the valve lifter. The wear/bearing surfaces of the valve lifter are impregnated with a solid film lubricant to provide reduced friction during operation.
Description
7 ~ ~
Ford DisclosureNo. 91-761 VALVE LIFTER
BACKGROUND OF THE lNv~ ON
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to a valve lifter for use in opening a valve o~ an engine such as-an internal combustion engine.
Ford DisclosureNo. 91-761 VALVE LIFTER
BACKGROUND OF THE lNv~ ON
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to a valve lifter for use in opening a valve o~ an engine such as-an internal combustion engine.
2. Description of the Related Art ;
Typically, internal combustion engines utilize a pair o~ intake and exhaust valves which are opened and closed synchronously due to the rotation of a cam shaft.
It is known to construct valve trains ~or opening and closing the valves in such engines. Generally, a valve krain includes a valve lifter which is placed adjacent a cam lobe on a cam shaft which is used to translate ~ -rotational motion of the cam sha~Et into axial motion of ~;~ 20 the valve. ~ypically, this is accomplished through a push rod and rocker arm assembly acting directly upon the valve. The valve is closed by a valve spring which biases the valve in a closed position. ~ -one of the major sources of the ~rictional ' 1' , I
forces occurring in a driven valve train is the valve spring ~orce required to counteract the inertia forces ;
-generated by the reciprocating mass, i.e., rocker arm, valve lifter, and push rod, and close the valve with adequate sealing. Conventionally, the valve lifter is : "':':, , .' ',. ~ ' , . . .
,~'~. '" ' ', ' ' ' ,, ,.. ~ . ~ . . . . ~ .
~,,,'' ' ,~ ' , ,.
21 ~2~7 1~
made of a harden steel material which produces a relatively high reciprocatin~ mass and valve spring force, thus limiting the maximum engine speed. Thus, there is a need in the art to reduce the reciprocating mass and valve spring force, correspondingly reducing the friction and increasing engine speed.
However, lightweight components typically have a low wear coefficient and normally include some sort o~
hard coating to increase their useful life. In the lo past, the peripheral surface of valve lifters have been coated with a hard material to prevent wear and increase the useful life of the lifter. While the coatings have increased the useful life of the valve lifter~ they do not adequately reduce the coefficient of friction at the - valve lifter/valve lifter guide interface. Thus, there i6 a need in the art;to reduce the friction at the valve lifter and valve guide interface to increase the efficiency of the valve train, resulting in greater fuel economy of the engine.
~ Additionally, friction between the valve lifter and the cam lobe has been reduced through the use of a roller cam follower as opposed to a slider type follower. Typically, roller cam followers are mounted on needle bearings and in some instances have been journaled on a shaft. However, there is a need in the art to reduce the weight of roller cam ~oilowers.
"~ ': ':
Typically, internal combustion engines utilize a pair o~ intake and exhaust valves which are opened and closed synchronously due to the rotation of a cam shaft.
It is known to construct valve trains ~or opening and closing the valves in such engines. Generally, a valve krain includes a valve lifter which is placed adjacent a cam lobe on a cam shaft which is used to translate ~ -rotational motion of the cam sha~Et into axial motion of ~;~ 20 the valve. ~ypically, this is accomplished through a push rod and rocker arm assembly acting directly upon the valve. The valve is closed by a valve spring which biases the valve in a closed position. ~ -one of the major sources of the ~rictional ' 1' , I
forces occurring in a driven valve train is the valve spring ~orce required to counteract the inertia forces ;
-generated by the reciprocating mass, i.e., rocker arm, valve lifter, and push rod, and close the valve with adequate sealing. Conventionally, the valve lifter is : "':':, , .' ',. ~ ' , . . .
,~'~. '" ' ', ' ' ' ,, ,.. ~ . ~ . . . . ~ .
~,,,'' ' ,~ ' , ,.
21 ~2~7 1~
made of a harden steel material which produces a relatively high reciprocatin~ mass and valve spring force, thus limiting the maximum engine speed. Thus, there is a need in the art to reduce the reciprocating mass and valve spring force, correspondingly reducing the friction and increasing engine speed.
However, lightweight components typically have a low wear coefficient and normally include some sort o~
hard coating to increase their useful life. In the lo past, the peripheral surface of valve lifters have been coated with a hard material to prevent wear and increase the useful life of the lifter. While the coatings have increased the useful life of the valve lifter~ they do not adequately reduce the coefficient of friction at the - valve lifter/valve lifter guide interface. Thus, there i6 a need in the art;to reduce the friction at the valve lifter and valve guide interface to increase the efficiency of the valve train, resulting in greater fuel economy of the engine.
~ Additionally, friction between the valve lifter and the cam lobe has been reduced through the use of a roller cam follower as opposed to a slider type follower. Typically, roller cam followers are mounted on needle bearings and in some instances have been journaled on a shaft. However, there is a need in the art to reduce the weight of roller cam ~oilowers.
"~ ': ':
3 j2 ~
SUMMARY OF ~HE lNv~NllON
Accordingly, the present invention is a unique valve lifter for use in a valve train of an engine such as an internal combustion engine. In general, the valve lifter includes a lightweight valve lifter body having a cradle formed on one end thereof for receiving and supporting a roller therein. In addition, the peripheral surfaces of the valve lifter body may be impregnated with a solid film lubricant to reduce the .
~ 10 friction between the valve lifter body and the valve -~ lifter guide.
one advantage of the presènt invention is that ' the valve lifter is lightweight thus reducing the reciprocating mass and corresponding frictional forces 15 ~ -generated by the valve spring. A further advantage of the present invention is that the re~uce~ mass of the valve lifter permits higher engine operating speeds, and the reduced friction between the peripheral surfaces of the valve lifter and valve lifter guide results in 20~ redused fuel consumption and oil consumption.
other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood after reading the ol?owing description in conjunction with the acc~ -nying drawings.
. $ . , ~ , , BRIEF DESCRIP~ION OF ~HE DRA~INGS
FIG. 1 is a partial fragmentary view o~ a valve train according to the present invention illustrated in operational relationship to an internal combustion engine.
FIG. 2 is a front view o~ a valve lifter according to the present invention of the valve traiD of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken alon~ line 3-3 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion in circle 4 of FIG. 3. ~ -~: . ... -FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion in circle 5 of FIG. 3. -~ ~ .
DESCRIPTION OF THE PR~P~R~'EMBODIMENT(S) Referring ~o the drawings and in particular to IG. 1 thereof, a valve train 10 according to the present invention, is illustrated in operational ; relationship to an engine, generally indicated at 11, suoh as an internal combustion engine. The engine 11 , ; j includes a cylinder block 12 having at least one and preferably a plurality of hollow cylinders 14 therein.
The engine 11 also includes a cylinder head 16 secured to the cylinder block 12 by suitable means such as astenerD (not shown). It ~hould be appreciated that ..':,' 2 ~ 7 ~
the cylinder head 16 includes an intake passageway and an exhaust passageway interconnecting the cylinders 14.
The valve train 10 includes at least one, pre~erably a plurality o~ cam shafts 18 ~or opening and closing at least one, preferably a plurality of valves 20. Each valve 20 has a head portion 22 and a stem portion 24. Each cam shaft 18 is rotatably supported within the cylinder head 16 as is known in the art and has at least one, preferably a plurality o~ lobes 26 which contact a valve lifter, generally indicated at 28.
The valve lifter 28 is slidably disposed in a valve lifter guide 30 and acts on a push rod 32 which aontacts a pivotal rocker arm 34. The rocker arm 34 engages the stem portion 24 of the valve 20 which is slidably dispcséd in a valve guide 36. The yalve train 10 further incIudes a valve spring 38 disposed about the stem portion 24 of the valve 20 and- has one end contacting the cylinder head i6 and the other end connected to the valve stem 24. The valve spring 38 urges the head portion 22 of the valve 20 into engagement with a valve seat 40 on the cylinder head 16 to close the passageway.
Referring now to FIGS. 2 through 5, the valve ter 28, according to the present invention, i8 shown.
The valve lifter 28 includes a valve lifter body 42 :
which slides in the valve li~ter guide 30. The valve lifter body 42 is preferably manu~actured ~rom a metal ~' , ' '" .'''' "' " '' ~, ' ", material such as a die cast high strength aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy with the wear/bearing sur~aces hard anodized. The anodizing process results in a coating which is submicroscopically porus for allowing a solid film lubricant 46 (FIG. 4) to be impregnated within the valve lifter body 42 prior to ~inish grinding. It is important that the depth of the anodized layer be adequate, approximately 30-40 microns, to support the bearing loads. Also the anodizing process should produce an anodized layer of sufficient depth and integrity that it does not crumble under fatigue loading. The solid film lubricant 46 must be impregnated to a depth of at least a few microns greater than the expected wear~ e.g., if expected wear is around 30-microns then a solid film lubricant impregnation to . .
~ approximately 35-40 microns is satisfactory.
- ~ The solid film lubricant 46, as used herein, is a solid lubricant that has a coefficient of friction of .02 -.01 at 600~F. The solid film lubricant 46 is preferably a composite, by volume of 40% graphite, 20%
MoS2 and the r~ -;nfler a thermally stable (does not decompose up to 375~C or 700 n F) polymer such as polyarylsufone or a high temperature epoxy such as bisphenol with appropriate curing agent. This solid film lubricant 46 has a strong affinity for conventional lubricating oils which promotes rapid ~ormation o~ a stable oil film which refluc~ the ~riction between the . / ''" ' , ' .. ' ' " .
~2~
.
wearing sur~aces subject to high loads. The solid lubricant may also be a metal matrix compoisite having about 40% graphite and the remainder aluminum or cast iron. Such metal matrix composite may be formed by powder metallurgy or other suitable means to provide a porus material that can expose graphite for intermittent or supplementary lubrication purposes. Up to 13% of the graphite may be substituted with boron nitride. The solid lubricant may also include up to 10% copper and one of several o~ LiF, NaF and CaF, as substitute for the NoS2-As illustrated in~FIG. 2, the wear surfaces ofthe valve lifter body 42, i.e. the peripheral surfaces of the valve lifer body 42 which contact the valve , lifter guide 30, are ~ormed by raised annular portions 44 on the valve li~ter body 42. It should be appreciated that the width of the raised annular portions 44 is minimized to reduce the sùrface area of the valve lifter body 42 that contacts the valve lifter ::
guide 30, thereby reducing the friction between the valve lifter 42 and the lifter guide 30. To further reduce the ~riction between the valve lifter body 42 and -~ the corresponding valve li~ter guide 30, the raised annular portions 44 are impregnated with the solid film lubricant 46 set forth above to further reduce the sliding or wear sur~ace ~riction.
;
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,., : , . . . . . .
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Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the valve lifter 28 also includes a roller cam ~ollower, generally indicated at 47, connected to the valve lifter body 42 at one end thereof. The roller cam ~ollower 47 includes a ceramic roller 48 made of silicon nitride or toughened alumina, which reduces roller weight by as much as 65 over a conventional metallic roller. The ceramic roller 48 is rotatably mounted in a U-shape cradle 50 ~ormed on one end of the valve lifter body 42. The ceramic roller 48 includes a follower portion 52 which engages and follows the cam lobe 26 and a shaft portion 54 which is seated in the cradle 50 of the valve lifter body 42.
- The sha~t portion 54 includes a bore 55 extPn~in~
therethrough to further reduce the weight of the ceramic roller 48. It should be appreciated that while the roller 48 shown herein is of one piece, integral construction. It should also be appreciated that the roller 48 may also be fabricated in two or moxe components manufactured from different materials, i.e.
the follower portlon 48 and shaft portion 54 may be made separate and from different cera~ic materials, metallic ~;~ materials, or a combination thereof. It should further be appreciated that, depending upon the strength and weight o~ the material, a solid shaft may be used.
~; 25 Additionally, the ceramic roller 48 is secured - , to the valve li~ter body 42 by generally U-shaped clips 56 having detent projection8 58 which engage recess~c 60 located on the valve lifter body 42. The bearing surface of the cradle 50 is hard anodized and impregnated with the solid film lubricant 46 set forth above to further reduce the ~rictional forces acting against rotation of the shaft 54. It should be appreciated that the use o~ a one piece ceramic roller cam follower 48 rotatably sacured in a cradle 50 on the valve lifter body 42 impregnated with a solid film lubricant 46 substantially reduces the overall weight of ~ : 10 the valve lifter 28 and reduces the amount o~
: lubrication required in the area between the shaft portion 54 and the cradle 50.
:~ Accordingly, the -valve train 10 uses a ~-~ lightweight valva lifter 28, utilizing a solid film lubricant 46 impragnated on wear surfaces 44 and a . ~ . .
ghtweight low friction roller 48 as set forth above.
The valve lifter 28 reduces the ~ontact friction and the reciprocating mass of valve tràin 10 which permits higher engine operating speeds, and improvement in power o~L~L rating, and a reduction in fuel consumption.
.The present invention has been described in an ustrative manner. It is to be understood that the terminology which has been used is intended to be in the ~ .
nature of words o~ description rather than of limitation.
Many modi~ications and variations o~ the ~:present invention are possible in light of the above - ~.
~ r ~r~
., .
teachings. ~herefore, within the scope of the appended claims, the present invention may be practiced otherwise : ;
than as speci~ically described.
' ,',, ", ~
; , , . , ' ,~ ~
, ;- .
SUMMARY OF ~HE lNv~NllON
Accordingly, the present invention is a unique valve lifter for use in a valve train of an engine such as an internal combustion engine. In general, the valve lifter includes a lightweight valve lifter body having a cradle formed on one end thereof for receiving and supporting a roller therein. In addition, the peripheral surfaces of the valve lifter body may be impregnated with a solid film lubricant to reduce the .
~ 10 friction between the valve lifter body and the valve -~ lifter guide.
one advantage of the presènt invention is that ' the valve lifter is lightweight thus reducing the reciprocating mass and corresponding frictional forces 15 ~ -generated by the valve spring. A further advantage of the present invention is that the re~uce~ mass of the valve lifter permits higher engine operating speeds, and the reduced friction between the peripheral surfaces of the valve lifter and valve lifter guide results in 20~ redused fuel consumption and oil consumption.
other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood after reading the ol?owing description in conjunction with the acc~ -nying drawings.
. $ . , ~ , , BRIEF DESCRIP~ION OF ~HE DRA~INGS
FIG. 1 is a partial fragmentary view o~ a valve train according to the present invention illustrated in operational relationship to an internal combustion engine.
FIG. 2 is a front view o~ a valve lifter according to the present invention of the valve traiD of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken alon~ line 3-3 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion in circle 4 of FIG. 3. ~ -~: . ... -FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion in circle 5 of FIG. 3. -~ ~ .
DESCRIPTION OF THE PR~P~R~'EMBODIMENT(S) Referring ~o the drawings and in particular to IG. 1 thereof, a valve train 10 according to the present invention, is illustrated in operational ; relationship to an engine, generally indicated at 11, suoh as an internal combustion engine. The engine 11 , ; j includes a cylinder block 12 having at least one and preferably a plurality of hollow cylinders 14 therein.
The engine 11 also includes a cylinder head 16 secured to the cylinder block 12 by suitable means such as astenerD (not shown). It ~hould be appreciated that ..':,' 2 ~ 7 ~
the cylinder head 16 includes an intake passageway and an exhaust passageway interconnecting the cylinders 14.
The valve train 10 includes at least one, pre~erably a plurality o~ cam shafts 18 ~or opening and closing at least one, preferably a plurality of valves 20. Each valve 20 has a head portion 22 and a stem portion 24. Each cam shaft 18 is rotatably supported within the cylinder head 16 as is known in the art and has at least one, preferably a plurality o~ lobes 26 which contact a valve lifter, generally indicated at 28.
The valve lifter 28 is slidably disposed in a valve lifter guide 30 and acts on a push rod 32 which aontacts a pivotal rocker arm 34. The rocker arm 34 engages the stem portion 24 of the valve 20 which is slidably dispcséd in a valve guide 36. The yalve train 10 further incIudes a valve spring 38 disposed about the stem portion 24 of the valve 20 and- has one end contacting the cylinder head i6 and the other end connected to the valve stem 24. The valve spring 38 urges the head portion 22 of the valve 20 into engagement with a valve seat 40 on the cylinder head 16 to close the passageway.
Referring now to FIGS. 2 through 5, the valve ter 28, according to the present invention, i8 shown.
The valve lifter 28 includes a valve lifter body 42 :
which slides in the valve li~ter guide 30. The valve lifter body 42 is preferably manu~actured ~rom a metal ~' , ' '" .'''' "' " '' ~, ' ", material such as a die cast high strength aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy with the wear/bearing sur~aces hard anodized. The anodizing process results in a coating which is submicroscopically porus for allowing a solid film lubricant 46 (FIG. 4) to be impregnated within the valve lifter body 42 prior to ~inish grinding. It is important that the depth of the anodized layer be adequate, approximately 30-40 microns, to support the bearing loads. Also the anodizing process should produce an anodized layer of sufficient depth and integrity that it does not crumble under fatigue loading. The solid film lubricant 46 must be impregnated to a depth of at least a few microns greater than the expected wear~ e.g., if expected wear is around 30-microns then a solid film lubricant impregnation to . .
~ approximately 35-40 microns is satisfactory.
- ~ The solid film lubricant 46, as used herein, is a solid lubricant that has a coefficient of friction of .02 -.01 at 600~F. The solid film lubricant 46 is preferably a composite, by volume of 40% graphite, 20%
MoS2 and the r~ -;nfler a thermally stable (does not decompose up to 375~C or 700 n F) polymer such as polyarylsufone or a high temperature epoxy such as bisphenol with appropriate curing agent. This solid film lubricant 46 has a strong affinity for conventional lubricating oils which promotes rapid ~ormation o~ a stable oil film which refluc~ the ~riction between the . / ''" ' , ' .. ' ' " .
~2~
.
wearing sur~aces subject to high loads. The solid lubricant may also be a metal matrix compoisite having about 40% graphite and the remainder aluminum or cast iron. Such metal matrix composite may be formed by powder metallurgy or other suitable means to provide a porus material that can expose graphite for intermittent or supplementary lubrication purposes. Up to 13% of the graphite may be substituted with boron nitride. The solid lubricant may also include up to 10% copper and one of several o~ LiF, NaF and CaF, as substitute for the NoS2-As illustrated in~FIG. 2, the wear surfaces ofthe valve lifter body 42, i.e. the peripheral surfaces of the valve lifer body 42 which contact the valve , lifter guide 30, are ~ormed by raised annular portions 44 on the valve li~ter body 42. It should be appreciated that the width of the raised annular portions 44 is minimized to reduce the sùrface area of the valve lifter body 42 that contacts the valve lifter ::
guide 30, thereby reducing the friction between the valve lifter 42 and the lifter guide 30. To further reduce the ~riction between the valve lifter body 42 and -~ the corresponding valve li~ter guide 30, the raised annular portions 44 are impregnated with the solid film lubricant 46 set forth above to further reduce the sliding or wear sur~ace ~riction.
;
- " ,,,, :, :, , , ::: ., ., ,,,; " , ,;
,., : , . . . . . .
, . , ,.. ,, i ~o~7 1~
Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the valve lifter 28 also includes a roller cam ~ollower, generally indicated at 47, connected to the valve lifter body 42 at one end thereof. The roller cam ~ollower 47 includes a ceramic roller 48 made of silicon nitride or toughened alumina, which reduces roller weight by as much as 65 over a conventional metallic roller. The ceramic roller 48 is rotatably mounted in a U-shape cradle 50 ~ormed on one end of the valve lifter body 42. The ceramic roller 48 includes a follower portion 52 which engages and follows the cam lobe 26 and a shaft portion 54 which is seated in the cradle 50 of the valve lifter body 42.
- The sha~t portion 54 includes a bore 55 extPn~in~
therethrough to further reduce the weight of the ceramic roller 48. It should be appreciated that while the roller 48 shown herein is of one piece, integral construction. It should also be appreciated that the roller 48 may also be fabricated in two or moxe components manufactured from different materials, i.e.
the follower portlon 48 and shaft portion 54 may be made separate and from different cera~ic materials, metallic ~;~ materials, or a combination thereof. It should further be appreciated that, depending upon the strength and weight o~ the material, a solid shaft may be used.
~; 25 Additionally, the ceramic roller 48 is secured - , to the valve li~ter body 42 by generally U-shaped clips 56 having detent projection8 58 which engage recess~c 60 located on the valve lifter body 42. The bearing surface of the cradle 50 is hard anodized and impregnated with the solid film lubricant 46 set forth above to further reduce the ~rictional forces acting against rotation of the shaft 54. It should be appreciated that the use o~ a one piece ceramic roller cam follower 48 rotatably sacured in a cradle 50 on the valve lifter body 42 impregnated with a solid film lubricant 46 substantially reduces the overall weight of ~ : 10 the valve lifter 28 and reduces the amount o~
: lubrication required in the area between the shaft portion 54 and the cradle 50.
:~ Accordingly, the -valve train 10 uses a ~-~ lightweight valva lifter 28, utilizing a solid film lubricant 46 impragnated on wear surfaces 44 and a . ~ . .
ghtweight low friction roller 48 as set forth above.
The valve lifter 28 reduces the ~ontact friction and the reciprocating mass of valve tràin 10 which permits higher engine operating speeds, and improvement in power o~L~L rating, and a reduction in fuel consumption.
.The present invention has been described in an ustrative manner. It is to be understood that the terminology which has been used is intended to be in the ~ .
nature of words o~ description rather than of limitation.
Many modi~ications and variations o~ the ~:present invention are possible in light of the above - ~.
~ r ~r~
., .
teachings. ~herefore, within the scope of the appended claims, the present invention may be practiced otherwise : ;
than as speci~ically described.
' ,',, ", ~
; , , . , ' ,~ ~
, ;- .
Claims (16)
1. A valve lifter comprising:
a valve lifter body including a cradle, said valve lifter body being manufactured from at least one material selected from the group consisting of magnesium and aluminum;
a roller having a follower portion and a shaft portion, said shaft portion being rotatably disposed in said cradle, said roller being formed of a ceramic material or a lightweight metal ceramic composite; and a retaining member securing said roller to said valve lifter body, and bearing surfaces of said valve lifter impregnated with a solid film lubricant that has an affinity for oil and promotes rapid formation of a stable oil film, and a portion of a peripheral surface of said valve lifter body treated such that the treated portion has an open porosity and said solid film lubricant is impregnated on said treated portion.
a valve lifter body including a cradle, said valve lifter body being manufactured from at least one material selected from the group consisting of magnesium and aluminum;
a roller having a follower portion and a shaft portion, said shaft portion being rotatably disposed in said cradle, said roller being formed of a ceramic material or a lightweight metal ceramic composite; and a retaining member securing said roller to said valve lifter body, and bearing surfaces of said valve lifter impregnated with a solid film lubricant that has an affinity for oil and promotes rapid formation of a stable oil film, and a portion of a peripheral surface of said valve lifter body treated such that the treated portion has an open porosity and said solid film lubricant is impregnated on said treated portion.
2. A valve lifter as set forth in claim 1 wherein said solid film lubricant is comprised of a polymer based molybdenum disulfide and graphite mixture.
3. A valve lifter as set forth in claim 1 wherein said roller is comprised of silicon nitride.
4. A valve lifter as set forth in claim 1 wherein said roller is comprised of a toughened alumina.
5. A valve lifter as set forth in claim 1 wherein said retaining member comprises a spring clip having inwardly projecting detent members engaging a pair of recesses located on said valve lifter body.
6. A valve lifter as set forth in claim 5 wherein said spring clip engages said shaft of said roller to secure said roller to said valve lifter body.
7. A valve lifter as set forth in claim 1 wherein said shaft portion comprises a cylinder.
8. A valve lifter as set forth in claim 1 wherein said follower portion is formed of a first material and said shaft portion is formed of a second material.
9. A valve lifter, comprising:
a valve lifter body having anodized, solid film lubricant impregnated side wearing surfaces;
a U-shaped cradle on one end of said valve lifter body; a ceramic roller rotatably mounted in said U-shaped cradle; and a clip having detent projections extending inwardly and engaging recesses on said valve lifter body to secure said roller on said valve lifter body.
a valve lifter body having anodized, solid film lubricant impregnated side wearing surfaces;
a U-shaped cradle on one end of said valve lifter body; a ceramic roller rotatably mounted in said U-shaped cradle; and a clip having detent projections extending inwardly and engaging recesses on said valve lifter body to secure said roller on said valve lifter body.
10. A valve lifter as set forth in claim 9 wherein said solid film lubricant is comprised of a polymer based molybdenum disulfide and graphite mixture.
11. A valve lifter as set forth in claim 7 wherein said U-shaped cradle includes an anodized, solid film lubricant impregnated bearing surface.
12. A valve lifter as set forth in claim 9 wherein said ceramic roller is made from at least one material selected from the group consisting of silicon nitride and aluminum.
13. A valve lifter as set forth in claim 9 wherein said valve lifter body comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium or aluminum.
14. A valve lifter, comprising:
a valve lifter body having an anodized, solid film lubricant impregnated side wear surface;
a U-shaped cradle formed on one end of said valve lifter body having a bearing surface, said bearing surface impregnated with a solid film lubricant;
a roller having outwardly projecting shaft portions rotatably mounted on the bearing surface; and a clip having inwardly projecting detent projections which coact with recesses located on said valve lifter body to secure said roller to said valve lifter body.
a valve lifter body having an anodized, solid film lubricant impregnated side wear surface;
a U-shaped cradle formed on one end of said valve lifter body having a bearing surface, said bearing surface impregnated with a solid film lubricant;
a roller having outwardly projecting shaft portions rotatably mounted on the bearing surface; and a clip having inwardly projecting detent projections which coact with recesses located on said valve lifter body to secure said roller to said valve lifter body.
15. A valve lifter as set forth in claim 14 wherein said valve lifter body is made from at least one material selected from the group consisting of magnesium and aluminum.
16. A valve lifter as set forth in claim 14 wherein said roller is formed of a ceramic material.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/974,568 | 1992-11-12 | ||
| US07/974,568 US5239951A (en) | 1992-11-12 | 1992-11-12 | Valve lifter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2102574A1 CA2102574A1 (en) | 1994-05-13 |
| CA2102574C true CA2102574C (en) | 1998-08-11 |
Family
ID=25522191
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002102574A Expired - Fee Related CA2102574C (en) | 1992-11-12 | 1993-11-05 | Valve lifter |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5239951A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2102574C (en) |
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| US6167856B1 (en) * | 1992-11-12 | 2001-01-02 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Low friction cam shaft |
| US5899383A (en) * | 1994-05-18 | 1999-05-04 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | Ceramic fuel injector timing plunger |
| US5385124A (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1995-01-31 | Eaton Corporation | Roller follower axle |
| JP3496286B2 (en) * | 1994-09-05 | 2004-02-09 | 日本精工株式会社 | Tappet roller bearing |
| US5921209A (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 1999-07-13 | Chrysler Corporation | Roller arrangement for valve train mechanism |
| JP2000104137A (en) * | 1998-09-30 | 2000-04-11 | Mazda Motor Corp | Magnesium alloy forging stock, forged member and production of the forged member |
| US6213075B1 (en) * | 1999-06-10 | 2001-04-10 | Caterpillar Inc. | Roller follower assembly for an internal combustion engine |
| US6289765B1 (en) * | 1999-09-20 | 2001-09-18 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Roller follower shaft retention |
| DE19958314A1 (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2001-06-07 | Mahle Ventiltrieb Gmbh | Roller plunger |
| US6302075B1 (en) * | 2000-01-07 | 2001-10-16 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Roller finger follower shaft retention apparatus |
| US6345597B1 (en) * | 2000-10-24 | 2002-02-12 | John D. Keeler | Non-rotatable valve lifter mechanism |
| US6495267B1 (en) | 2001-10-04 | 2002-12-17 | Briggs & Stratton Corporation | Anodized magnesium or magnesium alloy piston and method for manufacturing the same |
| US6632263B1 (en) | 2002-05-01 | 2003-10-14 | Federal - Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Sintered products having good machineability and wear characteristics |
| US6782857B1 (en) | 2002-12-30 | 2004-08-31 | Travis A. Goshorn | Race car valve lifter |
| EP1568850A1 (en) * | 2004-02-25 | 2005-08-31 | OTICS Corporation | Hydraulic lash adjuster |
| US20050183686A1 (en) * | 2004-02-25 | 2005-08-25 | Hiroki Fujii | Hydraulic lash adjuster |
| US20060005797A1 (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2006-01-12 | Schubeck Joseph J | Roller valve lifter |
| DE102006028348B3 (en) * | 2006-06-20 | 2007-10-31 | Siemens Ag | Rolling bearing device has locking element arranged so that in cavity of cylinder-shaped element it is coupled with positive locking with regard to axial and rotational direction in regard to center axis of cylinder-shaped element |
| DE102006045933A1 (en) * | 2006-09-28 | 2008-04-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Plunger assembly for a high pressure pump and high pressure pump with at least one plunger assembly |
| DE102007012705A1 (en) * | 2007-03-16 | 2008-09-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | High-pressure pump for conveying fuel with a torsion-decoupled compression spring element in the plunger device |
| DE102012202568B4 (en) * | 2012-02-20 | 2021-12-23 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Roller tappet with brackets for a stepped bolt |
| DE102013213615A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 | 2015-01-15 | Mahle International Gmbh | contraption |
| EP3085945B1 (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2019-03-27 | Aktiebolaget SKF | Cam follower, injection pump and valve actuator comprising such a cam follower, and manufacturing method |
| JP6700089B2 (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2020-05-27 | 株式会社オティックス | Rocker arm |
| DE112018002949T5 (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2020-02-27 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | MOTOR TAPPETS |
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-
1992
- 1992-11-12 US US07/974,568 patent/US5239951A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-11-05 CA CA002102574A patent/CA2102574C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5239951A (en) | 1993-08-31 |
| CA2102574A1 (en) | 1994-05-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |