CA2106143C

CA2106143C - Universal broadcast code and multi-level encoded signal monitoring system

Info

Publication number: CA2106143C
Application number: CA002106143A
Authority: CA
Inventors: William L. Thomas; Paul C. Kempter
Original assignee: Nielsen Media Research LLC
Current assignee: Nielsen Co US LLC
Priority date: 1992-11-25
Filing date: 1993-09-14
Publication date: 2004-02-24
Anticipated expiration: 2013-09-14
Also published as: CA2106143A1; US5425100A

Abstract

A multi-level encoded signal monitoring system and a universal broadcast code are provided. A plural-ity of encoders are provided for encoding a predeter-mined program source signal. The program source signal has a plurality of sequential segments. Each encoder is arranged for selectively encoding information on uniquely specified segments. A plurality of unique source information message data are selectively encoded on the uniquely specified segments to define the universal broadcast code with each unique encoded source information message data being representative of a level of distribution of the program signal. The predetermined program source signal is received and the encoded information on selected specified segments is decoded.

Description

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b~fiO~dITOR~~i(3 BX~T~t BACKGROU~!10 OF THIF IN~TFN'.t'IOId 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for monitoring broadcast signals, and mor~
particularly to a universal broadcast code, methods and apparatus for encoding and monitoring a signal.

2 . ~ --gar ~c~ of the Pr o Art 1t7 With the growing diversification of program and delivery sources in today's marketplace, it has be-come increasingly difficult to measure television (TV) ratings based upon the association of channel viewed in the household with program lineup information separately collected via another system. In additian, there is growing interest, particularly on the part of syndica-tors, to have verified lineups that go beyond program level resolution. More specifically what is desired is co~amercial. verification. Further, there is interest 2~ among local broadcasters to have very timely information regarding competitive commercial activity. Current com-mercial tracking systems r~hich use passive pattern recognition technology have relatively long turnaround times in providing data to the local marketplace.
Various arrangements have been employed to de-termine the channel to which a radio and/or television receiver is tuned. ~x~amples of receiver m~nit~ring methods and apparatus for monitoring receivers are pr~-21~~i1j~~

vided by United States Patent Nos. 2,833,859; 3,9?3,206;
4,048,562, 4,425,578; 4,723,302; 4,764,808; 4,876,736;
4,930,011; 4,943,963; and 4,972,503. Other examples of receiver or broadcast signal monitoring methods and ap-paratus for monitoring receivers or br~Dadcast signals are provided by United States Patent Nos. 3,919,479;
4,230,990; 4,547,804; 4,639,779; 4,677,466; 4,739,398;
4,805,020; 4,931,871; 4,945,412 and 4,967,273. t~hile these systems provide improvements over other known ar-rangements, a need exists for an economically effective system having flexibility to accommodate monitoring a broadcast signal and providing the ability to track and identify programs, commercials, promotions and other broadcast material for verification, program-lineup, audit and television audience measurement applications in a prompt and efficient manner, SUMMARX OF TI~~'~ ~,~,W_F,~t~QN
Important objects of the present invention are to provide a method and apparatus fox monitoring broad-cast signals that overcome many of the disadvantages of the prior art systems; and to provide such method and apparatus for monitoring broadcast signals that can be effectively and efficiently configured for providing the ability to track and identify programs, commercials, promotions and other broadcast material for verifica-tion, program-lineup, audit and texevision rating appli-cations.
In brief, the objects and advantages of the present invention are achieved by a mufti-level encoded signal monitoring system and a universal broadcast code (UBC). A plurality of encoders are provided for encod-ing a predetermined program source signal. the program source signal has a plurality of sequential segments.
Each encoder is arranged for selectively encoding infor-oration on unique specified segments.
A plurality of unique source information mes-sage data are selectively encoded on the unique speci-fled segments to define the universal broad~wast code with each unique encoded source information rne5sage data :being representative of a level of distributa.c~n of the program signal. The predetermined proc~x~am sour~::.e signal is :received and the encoded information on selected specified segments is decoded.
The invention may be summari~~:ad according to one aspect as a mu:Lti--level encoded signal. rnorli~w~oring system comprising: a plurality ,of encoders for encG.ading a predetermined program sowrc:e signal; each encoder being arranged for selectively encoding informati«n on uniquely specified segments; each encoder :being :~.ocat:.ed <~t a different corresponding level of distribution of the program source signal; a receiver operat:.ively cwuplexd to the plurality of encoders, the receiver being structured to receive the predetermined pragx.~an~ souz.~cc:~ signal , and a decoder operatively coupled to the receiver, the decoder being responsive to the :recei ved predet,erm.irxed program source signal for decoding the encoded information on selected specified segments.
According to another aspect the invention provides a universal broadcast code (U~3C) For a pro~~rarn signal comprising: said program signal having a plurality of sequential segments; and. a pli.ax~al:~.ty of unique source information data selectively encoded on uniquely specified segments; each said unique encoded sc>urc::e information data representative of a selected carxe of a p:l.ur~a:~,ity of_ levels of d:istributi.on of said program signal.
According to a further aspect the invention provides apparatus for encoding a program ~3ignal wi.tr~ a universal broadcast code (U8Ci c.omprisix~~g : means for 3 a.
synchronizing to said program signal; and encoding means responsive to said synchroxzizirxg means ~~ox ..--;elect.ively encoding unique source information data ors at least one uniquely specified segment of a plurali.t:y of uniquely specified segments of said program signal; ~a.id exxcoding means being arranged for said encoding :independently of existing unique source info:rmat::i.on data on ether uniquely specified segments of UBC encoded program signal; said selectively encoded unique sour°ce info~e~rilatir_~n data being representative of an associated one c.~f ~r ~:~l~.zrality of levels of distribution of said program signal.
According to yet another aspec.~t flue invention provides apparatus for monitoring a universal broadcast. code (UBC) encoded program signal c.omprisi.rrg ; ~xeans for synchronizing to said UBC encoded program signal; and decoding means responsive to said synchr:°or~i;:ing means for decoding a plurality of unique sowrce ir~forrnation data selectively encoded on unique:Ly specified segments of said UBC encoded program signal w each said Lzr~i.quc~ encoded source i:nforrnation data representative of a selected one of a plurality of levels of dist:ribut,i.on .a~: :!,ai~:i program signal.
According to still another aspect the invention provides an apparatus fo:r encr.~ding an ir~fo:rnuation message into a program signal according to a universal broadcast cede wherein the universal broadcast: cads includes a plurality of segments of the program sigma, wherein the program signal is distributed fx°om any c~~f ,a plurality of d.istributi.on levels, wherein ~aach distr~bu~:~.on level has assigned to it at least one segment such that the at least one segment into which an information me;ss~~e~e is encoded uniquely identifies the distribution level in which the apparatus is being used, arid wherein the program signal 3b contains video and/or audio content, th~° apparatus comprising: segment: detecting means Eox~ detecting each of the plurality of segments of tl~~e univex°sal broadcast code;
segment selecting means fo:r selecting a~: J.east one segment of the universal broadcast code :a.nto whic:ta ,rn information message is to be encoded, the ate leas!.-. cane sele.:ted segment being selected by the segment selectirug mearvs dependent upon the distribution level in whic~i the app~rrat~as is :bei:ng used;
and encoding means responsive to the sec:lmen~: detecting means and to the segment: selecting means for ~~ncvocaing the at least one selected segment with an .icuformat~iorl message identifying the video and/or audio content ofv the program sigma!, wherein the at Least one selected segrnerrt into which the information message is encoded :z.dent.-ifies the leve:L of distribution in which the apparatus i:j k::>ei.n<:~ used.
As used throughout this desc:r~.pt ion and in the appended claims, t:he term "segment°° i.s ::i.ntexnded to include time slots with o~- without gap , in audi<::~ anr;i video signal sources and digital transmission system.:.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The present invention togethex:° wii:wh the abcwe: and other objects and advantages may best be understood from the following detailed descript::ion of the en~bod::Lment ref they invention illustrated in tine ~~:r°awi.ngs, w~a.er~.in:
FIG. 1 :i.s a black diag~°am of~~ mul.ti-level encoded signal monitoring system ac~co:rding to t:r~e ~x~esent invention;
FIG. 2 i.s a block diagram of ~~. smart UBC encoder of the multi-level encoded signal mor~itcori:nc:~ system of FIG.
1;

3c FIG. 3 is a block diagram of another simplified U'BC encoder of the multi-level encoded ~~ignal monitoring system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a chart illustrating a predetermined format of a universal broadcast code of the rnulti-level encoded signal monitoring system of FIG., 1;
FIG. 4A is a chart i1. ~.~.xstrating the detailed information messages and segmerxt assignments for the format shown in fIG. 4;
FIG. 4B is a detailed timing diagram showing a UBC
data segment;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram and chart illustrating an example of UBC encoding of the rnult~.~--l~pvRrl encoded signal monitoring system of FIG. :1.;

~~0~1~~

FIGS. 6-8 are block diagrams illustrating broadcast signal monitoring and television audience mea-surement apparatus of the monitoring system of FIG. 1;
and FIG. 9 is a logic flow diagram illustrating logical steps performed by the smart CJBC encoder of the multi-level encoded signal monitoring system of FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIObT OF TFiE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawing, with particular attention to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a block dia-gram of a new and improved multi-level encoded signal monitoring system according to the invention generally designated by the reference numeral 10. while the multi-level encoded signal monitoring system l0 is de-picted and generally described herein for monitoring a broadcast signal, the principles of the present inven-tion are applicable to monitoring television receivers, video cassette recorders and other receivers and televi-sion viewing and listening habits of individual audience members or panelists of cooperating households.
Multi-level encoded signal monitoring system 10 includes a plurality of signal encoders E1-EN gener-ally designated by the reference character 12. ~r corre-sponding encoder 12 at each stage B1-BR1 of distribution adds unique identification (ID) information messages to an audio and/or video program source signal 16A provided by a program source 16. It is to be understood that the audio and/or video program source signal 1611 may be of continuous analog or digital format. As shown, a clock 14 for providing a time stamp is coupled to the first signal encoder El. Clock 1~ is not required for each of the signal encoders 12 and is provided when local time information is required. Each signal encoder 12 encodes selected, source identification data together with time of occurrence data at predefined segments for each level of distribution, for example, such as, is illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5., For example, if the saurce identifica-2~0~~~
_5_ Lion data is to be encoded in the video signal provided by the program source 16, the segments of a UBC may be encoded into corresponding frames of the video signal.
Since video signals are broadcast at a rate of thirty frames per second, and if the frames within one second of a broadcast video signal are numbered from one to thirty, segment 2 of the UBC may be inserted into frame 2, segment 3 of the UBC may be inserted into frame 3, etc., with certain segments being withheld for later allocation. The segments may be inserted into the cor-responding frames using line 20, line 21 or line 22 or a combination of these lines of the video program source signal. Additionally or alternatively, the predefined segments can include predefined sub-audible time slats of an audio program source. A basic sub-audible encod-ing system with a single information message is de-scribed in United States Patents 4,931,871 and 4,945,412 issued to Robert A. Kramer of Santa Monica, California.
Also with digital transmission systems, the predefined segments can be encoded in a separate data sub-channel.
Each UEC signal encoder 12 is arranged to allow ID in-formation messages to be added on specified segments only without overwriting any existing encoded data on other :segments of the program source signal. The multi-level encoded signal monitoring system also includes a plurality of signal decoders DM-DN generally designated by the reference character 18. A corresponding decoder is at selected stages of distribution is used to monitor the UBC signals comprised of TD information messages which have been added to a program source 15.
Referring now to FIG. 2, a UEC signal encoder generally designated 12A is shown. UEC signal encoder 12A receives an audio or video input signal indicated at a line labelled AUDI~ OR VIDEO that is applied to a syn-chronization block 20 for synchronization 'to the in'om-ing data and a data decoding block 22 for decoding the incoming data. Data decoding block 22 couples decoded incoming data to a microprocessor 24. Various commer-cially available devices can be used for the micropro-cessor 24, such as, for example an 80286 microprocessor manufactured and sold by Intel Corp of Santa Clara, California. Associated memory devices coupled to the mi-croprocessor 24 include a random acce~as memory (RAM) 26, a read only memory (ROM) 28 and a direct access storage device (DASD) disk unit 30. Additional optional inputs to the microprocessor 24 include a local 'time signal 25B
and a local data signal 25C having a content depending upon the location of the UBC signal encoder 12A in 'the distribution system 10. Microprocessor 24 provides a data output for local performance monitoring indicated at a line labelled 25A and is coupled to a data encoding block 32. Synchronization block 20 provides a synchro-nizing signal to the data decoding black 22 and the data encoding block 32. Encoded information provided by the data encoding block 32 is inserted onto the program source signal via an adder or insertion block 34.
Simple encoders for adding identification information already exist for other broadcast applications. For example, EEG Enterprises of Farmingdale, New York makes a model EN270 encoder for the conventional line 21 cap-tioning system. Also, vASGO Inc. of Valley Stream, New York makes a model SGR-38 encoder for the AMOL system.
With the modifications as illustrated in FIG. 2, exist-ing encoders could be upgraded to perform as an UBC sig-nal encoder. For example, the SGR-38 encoder can be modified by changing its data decoding hardware and microprocessor program to recognize the segment timing of existing AMOL code, and then insert URC information messages representative of the level of program distri-bution into the appropriate program source signal seg-manta.
Referring also to FIG. 9, there is shown the logical steps performed by the microprocessor 24 of the UBC signal encoder 12A. As indicated at a block 900 210f 1~~3 _,-labelled INITIALIZE ENCODER, the sequential operations begin upon power-up with an initialization operation by the microprocessor 24 to initialize the encoder 12A uti-lizing programs stored in ROM 28 and DASD disk unit 30.
The initialization operation includes initializing pre-defined memory locations of RAM 26 and the communica-tions ports 25A, 25H, 25C.
Next at a block 902 labelled WAIT FOR SEGMENT
SYNCHRONIZATION, the microprocessor 24 waits for the start of a segment identified by the synchronization to incoming data block 20. Then at a decision block 904 labelled START OF NEW SEGMENT?, the microprocessor 24 identifies the start of a new segment.. When the start of.a new segment is not identified by the microprocessor 24 at decision block 904, then the sequential operations return to block 902 and continue until the start of a new segment is identified. Once a new segment is found at decision block 904, any previously encoded data is decoded by the data decoding block 22 to identify the segment identification as indicated at a block 906 labelled DECODE SEGMENT DATA. Alternatively, decoding of the segment identification can be determined directly by the synchronization block 20.
Next it is determined if the segment corre-sponds to a local level of distribution, as indicated at a decision block 908 labelled TS THIS THE LOCAL SEGMENT?
If not, the sequential operations return to block 902 and continue until the start of a new segment is identi-fied. Otherwise, when determined that the segmsnt cor-responds to a local level of distribution at the deci-sion block 908, then the appropriate data is encoded using the data encoding block 32 via the insertion block 34 as indicated at a block 910 labelled INSERT LOCAL
DATA INCLUDING OFTIONAL TIME. The encoded data option-ally includes local time together witty the ID informa-tion message. As an option, either the local encoded data indicated at lines 25E and 25C in FIG. 2, or any _g_ previously encoded data decoded by the data decoding block 22, is presented at the data output port 25A for local monitoring purposes.
FIG. 3 illustrates another T1BC signal encoder generally designated 128. UBC signal encoder 12B
receives an audio or video input signal indicated at a line labelled AUDIO OR VIDEO that is applied to a syn-chronization block 36 for synchronization to the incom-ing data. Synchronization block 36 i:a coupled to a fixed pattern information message data block 38. An in-formation message definition and segma:nt location input indicated at a line 38I is applied to the fixed pattern data block 38. The information message definition and segment location input 38T can be simply defined by, far example, selecting switch settings. Encoded information provided by the fixed pattern data block 38 is combined on selected specified segments via an insertion block 40.
Referring now to FIG. 4, based on extensions to the Automated Measurement of Lineups (AMOL) signal used by the television networks (ABC, CBS, FOx, IdBC) and major program syndicators (Paramount, Warner, Camelot and others), the multiple signal encoders 12 together define a universal broadcast code (UBC) encoded signal having a predefined information message format defining each level of distribution, for example, such as, is il-lustrated. The universal broadcast code UBC encoded signal is encoded with program data requiring coop~ra-tion by multiple levels of distribution including adver-tisers and their agencies, program providers, syndica-tors, broadcast and cable networks, local TN stations, and satellite or cable systems. Predefined segments of the UBC are used for a level of distribution. As shown, segments 2-3 store encoded data representing a source identification (SID) code and a time/date stamp informa-tion message for each uniquely assigned network. seg-ments 5-10 store encoded information message data repre-_g_ stinting call letters, channel number and local time for each uniquely assigned local television station. Seg-ments 11-14 store encoded information message data rep-resenting system number and channel number for cable information or satellite identificatis~n. Segments 15-18, designated CON~IERCIAL CODE, store encoded informa-tion message data representing a national commercial or a local station commercial. Segments 20-25, designated SHOW ID, store encoded information message data repre-stinting syndicator or program produce~e name, program name and episode number. Segments 1, 4, 19 and 26-30 are unallocated. These segments can be used for future expansion if required. They can also be used by the simple encoder 12H. An overall checksum, such as a standard CRC code, can be included in segments 29-30 if desired for overall system reliability of all 30 seg-ments.
Additionally it should be understood that variable length information messages can be defined for each set of data using a start code, information data and a stop code to define each segment. In this case, time gaps are required far segment insertion at each level of distribution. Such a method for using variable length information messages is similar to the technique used for transmitting information in the conventional line 21 captioning system, as described in the Federal Communications Commission rules and regulations, parts la and 73.
With program sources that originate within the household, unallocated segments can be used f~r identi-fying this source. A iJHC encoder 12H as shown in 7PIG. 3 can be used for household originated program sources.
For example, at the output of a device such as a video game, a low cost, fixed ID encoder 128 can be attached.
As the Tv selects or tunes to this video game source, the ID information message of the video game would be present at the output of the T'l.

FIG. 4A provides an example of UBC signal in-formation messages and corresponding segment allocations based on extensions to the existing A~IOL signal. It is to be understood that many such assignments could be made and this is provided as an illustrative example only. Segments 2-3 are based on the current AMOL system as used by television networks for over 15 years. Seg-ments 20-25 are based on an extension made to this orig-inal AMOL system by program syndicato:rs five years ago.
Additional UBC information messages for local TV station identification, cable system or satellite distribution and commercial identification are described and can also be simple extensions of the network IlD currently inserted into segments 2 and 3 of the video broadcast signal. It is the combination of some or all of these information messages, each of which is representative of a level of distribution, that comprises the UBC signal.
FIG. 4B shows the details of the segments de scribed in FIG. 4A. Based on extensions to the current AP40L signal, both a binary and ASCII segment format are shown. It is to be understood that many such assign-ments could be made and this is provided as an illustra-tive example only. Each segment includes 48 bits of data. The binary format for a network ID segment, for example, includes start of message, frame address, net-work source ID, month, day, hour, minute, second and status elements. The ASCII segment includes start of message, frame address and five characters. Using these segment definitions, it is possible to encode informa-tion messages, representative of a level of distribu-tion, that comprises the UBC signal.
FIG. 5 provides a block diagram and chart il-lustrating an example of UBC encoding of the multi-level encoded signal monitoring system 10. A first program source at a block 50 labelled SHOW is coupled to a first encoder distribution block 52 labelled FOST PRpDUCTIOi~, having an input from a block 54 labelled COri~3ERCIAL.

~~~~~~J

The encoder 52 inserts commercial and show identifica-tion codes into the program source signals of corre-sponding commercials and shows. Next a second encoder distribution block 56 labelled NETWORK DISTRIBUTION adds network identification codes to the program source sig-nal. A first optional monitoring block 58 shown in dot-ted line and labelled NETWORK MONITOR can be provided for monitoring the output of network distribution block 56. A third encoder distribution block 60 labelled LOCAL TV STATION adds local TV station identification codes to the program source signal. A monitoring block 62 labelled OVER-THE-AIR MONITOR monitors the output of the local TV station block 60. Next a fourth encoder distribution black 64 labelled CABLE SYSTEM adds cable system identification codes to the program source signal. Another optional monitoring block 66 shown in dotted line and labelled CABLE MONITOR can be provided for monitoring the output of cable system distribution block 64. A first decoder block 68 labelled HOUSEHOLD
provides an input to a household metering block 70 labelled HOUSEHOLD METER for decoding the UBC encoded signal. A household metering function is illustrated and described with respect to FIG. 8.
FIG. 6 illustrates a signal monitoring system 80 for monitoring a predetermined signal having a selected frequency received from an antenna, satellite dish, wireless cable, or a cable system 82. A UBC
decoder 8~ coupled to a standard receiver 86 processes the monitored program signal and recovers the encoded data at the point of reception and applies the informa-tion to a data collection and forward unit 88. A modem 90 can be used to couple the collected data t~ a central computer 92 via a madam 94 associated with the central computer 92 and communications links generally desig-nated by the reference character 96. The data collec-tion and forward unit s8 can be c~mprised of an indus-trial embedded computer such as the CoreModule/286 manufactured and sold by Ampro Computers, Inc. of Sunnyvale, California. The modem 90 can be a MiniModule~/Modem from the same company. This computer can operate under the MS-DOS ~ operating system sold by Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Washington. A device such as the Optima 96 model manufactua~ed and sold by Hayes of Atlanta, Georgia can be used for modem 94. The decoder 84, the receiver 86, the data collection and forward unit 88, and the modem 90 may be used for each of the monitors 58, 62 and 66 of FIG. 5.
Central computer 92 collects and processes the monitored data from each of the signal monitors, such as monitors 58, 62 and 66 of FIG. 5 to provide signal and program analysis and reports. Central computer 92 peri-odically resets the real time clock of the signal moni-tor, included in the data collection and forward unit 88, to facilitate accurate time stamping of the moni-tored signal data. It should be understood that various conventional arrangements can be used for the communica-Lion links 96, for example, such as, via telephone lines connected to the public switched telephone network, cel-lular telephone, or via mailable memory devices. Vari-ous commercially available personal computers having standard capabilities can be used for the central com-puter 92, for example, such as a model Deskpro 4865/25M
manufactured and sold by Compaq Corporation of Houston, Texas. Central computer 92 could operate under the OSl2~
~perating system supplied by International Business Machines of White Flains, Idew York.
FIG. 7 illustrates the UBC decoder 84 which includes a data synchronization block 100 and a data decoding block 102 receiving incoming data at a line labelled AUDIO OR VIDEO. The synchronization block 100 and the data decoding block 102 can be implemented, for example, using field programmable logic arrays (FPLF~) or other commercially availabl~a device~a. ~ne such device is the XC3064 from Xilinx, Inc. of San Jose, California.

Synchronization block 100 provides an input to the data decoding block 102 and to a segment counting block 104.
Segment counting block 104 provides an input to the data decoding block 102. The data synchronization block 100 and segment counting block 104 provide: the necessary timing signals for proper recovery of the UBC code by the data decoding block 102. If the program signal, which is encoded with the UBC, is the video portion of a broadcast signal, the segment counter 104 may count ver-tical and horizontal sync pulses so that the information messages can be decoded from the appropriate lines ,and frames into which the messages are inserted. The decoded output of the data decoding block 102 is applied to a local storage block 106 and coupled to the data collection and forward unit 88. Decoders of similar capabilities have been designed as single integrated circuits for other applications. For example, Philips Semiconductors of South Hampton, England offers the SA~15252 Line Twenty One Decoder (LITOD) and the SAA5248 Integrated VIP and Teletext (IVT) decoder chips.
FIG. 8 illustrates a typical household meter-ing site 68 including a signal input from a cable system to a CATV converter 110. A standard TV receiver 112 re-ceives the CI~TV input signal via a video cassette recorder (VCR) 114. A TV game device 116 is coupled to the TV receiver 112 via a simple UBC encoder 118, for example, such as UBC encoder 12B in FIG. 3. A video or audio pick-up probe 119 positioned near the monitored TV
receiver 112 is used for extracting the UBC codes. Non-intrusive probes 119 can include a phato sensor for video signal, a microphone for audio signal, or an in-termediate frec~guency (IF) probe for composite audio and video signal pickup. As part of probe 119, any neces-sary signal demodulation circuitry would be provided.
In some cases, the probe 119 can make as direct connec-tion to audio or video outputs from the TV. A tIBC de-coder 120, such as the decoder 84 shown in FTG. 7, is ~~~~~~J

coupled to the probe 119 and applies its decoded output to a data collection and forward unit 122. As shown, a people meter attachment 124 also is coupled to the data collection and forward unit 122 for providing audience measurement data. A modem 126 can be 'used to couple the collected data to the central computer 92 via communica-tion link 96.
While the invention has been described with reference to details of the illustrated embodiment, these details are not intended to limit the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
_ What is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States iss

Claims

1. A multi-level encoded signal monitoring system comprising:
a plurality of encoders for encoding a predetermined program source signal; each encoder being arranged for selectively encoding information on uniquely specified segments; each encoder being located at a different corresponding level of distribution of the program source signal;
a receiver operatively coupled to the plurality of encoders, the receiver being structured to receive the predetermined program source signal; and a decoder operatively coupled to the receiver, the decoder being responsive to the received predetermined program source signal for decoding the encoded information on selected specified segments.

2. A multi-level encoded signal monitoring system as recited in claim 1 further comprising a memory responsive to the decoder for storing identified data.

3. A multi-level encoded signal monitoring system as recited in claim 2 further comprising a central computer for receiving the stored identified data.

4. A multi-level encoded signal monitoring system as recited in claim 1 wherein a clock is coupled to selected ones of the encoders for encoding a predetermined program source signal for providing a time stamp.

5. A multi-level encoded signal monitoring system as recited in claim 1 wherein the corresponding level of distribution includes a network source; local TV stations;
and cable systems.

6. A multi-level encoded signal monitoring system as recited in claim 1 wherein the corresponding level of distribution includes an original program source and a satellite system.

7. A multi-level encoded signal monitoring system as recited in claim 1 wherein the corresponding level of distribution includes a programming source for commercials, promotions or public service announcements.

8. A multi-level encoded signal monitoring system as recited in claim 1 wherein said uniquely specified segments include unique time slots in continuous signals.

9. A multi-level encoded signal monitoring system as recited in claim 8 wherein said unique time slots are included in sub-audible bands within audio signal sources.

10. A multi-level encoded signal monitoring system as recited in claim 1 wherein said uniquely specified segments include at least one predetermined line in successive fields or frames of video signal sources.

11. A multi-level encoded signal monitoring system as recited in claim 10 wherein said at least one predetermined line includes line 21.

12. A multi-level encoded signal monitoring system as recited in claim 10 wherein the at least one predetermined line includes at least one of line 20 and line 22.

13. A multi-level encoded signal monitoring system as recited in claim 1 wherein said uniquely specified segments include unique packets in digital signals.

14. A multi-level encoded signal monitoring system as recited in claim 13 wherein said uniquely specified packets are synchronized with digital video signal sources.

15. A multi-level encoded signal monitoring system as recited in claim 13 wherein said iniquely specified packets are synchronized with digital audio signal sources.

16. A universal broadcast code (UBC)for a program signal comprising:

said program signal having a plurality of sequential segments; and a plurality of unique source information data selectively encoded on uniquely specified segments; each said unique encoded source information data representative of a selected one of a plurality of levels of distribution of said program signal.

17. A universal broadcast code for a program signal as recited in claim 16 wherein said plurality of levels of distribution of said program signal include an original program source.

18. A universal broadcast code for a program signal as recited in claim 16 wherein said plurality of levels of distribution of said program signal include network sources;
local TV stations; satellite and cable systems.

19. A universal broadcast code for a program signal as recited in claim 16 wherein said plurality of levels of distribution of said program signal include a programming source for commercials, promotions or public service announcements.

20. A universal broadcast code for a program signal as recited in claim 16 wherein said unique encoded source information data includes date and time data.

21. A universal broadcast code for a program signal as recited in claim 16 wherein said unique encoded source information data represents one of multiple network sources;
local TV stations; satellite or cable systems.

22. Apparatus for encoding a program signal with a universal broadcast code (UBC) comprising:
means for synchronizing to said program signal;
and encoding means responsive to said synchronizing means for selectively encoding unique source information data on at least one uniquely specified segment of a plurality of uniquely specified segments of said program signal; said encoding means being arranged for said encoding independently of existing unique source information data on other uniquely specified segments of UBC encoded program signal; said selectively encoded unique source information data being representative of are associated one of a plurality of levels of distribution of said program signal.

23. Apparatus as recited in claim 22 wherein said encoding means selectively encodes said unique source information data only on said at least one uniquely specified segment of said plurality uniquely specified segments of said program signal without overwriting any existing unique source information data on other uniquely specified segments of said program signal.

24. Apparatus as recited in claim 22 further comprises means for identifying and storing any existing unique source information data on other uniquely specified segments of said program signal.

25. Apparatus as recited in claim 24 further comprises means for encoding on other uniquely specified segments of UBC encoded program signal said stored existing unique source information data.

26. Apparatus as recited in claim 22 further comprises means for substituting unique source information data for existing unique source information data on predetermined uniquely specified segments of said program signal.

27. Apparatus as recited in claim 22 wherein said associated level of distribution includes an original program source and satellite systems.

28. Apparatus as recited in claim 22 wherein said associated level of distribution includes a network source;
local TV stations; and cable systems.

29. Apparatus as recited in claim 22 wherein said associated level of distribution includes a programming source for commercials, promotions or public service announcements.

30. Apparatus as recited in claim 22 wherein said uniquely specified segments include unique time slots in continuous signals.

31. Apparatus as recited in claim 30 wherein said unique time slots are included in sub-audible bands within audio signal sources.

32. Apparatus as recited in claim 22 wherein said uniquely specified segments include at least one predetermined line in successive fields or frames of video signal sources.

33. Apparatus as recited in claim 32 wherein said at least one predetermined line includes line 21.

34. Apparatus as recited in claim 32 wherein said at least one predetermined line includes line 20 and/or line 22.

35. Apparatus as recited in claim 22 wherein said uniquely specified segments include unique packets in digital signals.

36. Apparatus as recited in claims 35 wherein said uniquely specified packets are synchronized with digital video signal sources.

37. Apparatus as recited in claim 35 wherein said uniquely specified packets are synchronized with digital audio signal sources.

38. Apparatus for monitoring a universal broadcaster code (UBC) encoded program signal comprising:
means for synchronizing to said UBC encoded program signal; and decoding means responsive to said synchronizing means for decoding a plurality of unique source information data selectively encoded on a uniquely specified segments of said UBC encoded program signal; each said unique encoded source information data representative of a selected one of a plurality of levels of distribution of said program signal.

39. Apparatus as recited in claim 38 further comprises means coupled to said decoding means for storing decoded unique source information data.

40. Apparatus as recited in claim 39 further comprises means for identifying a current time reference and means for storing said identified current time reference with said decoded unique source information data.

41. Apparatus as recited in claim 39 further comprises means coupled to said decoding means for communicating with a central computer to transfer said stored unique source identification data.

42. Apparatus as recited in claim 38 wherein said synchronizing means is coupled to a television receiver in a household metering site.

43. Apparatus as recited in claim 42 further comprises means coupled to said decoding means for storing decoded unique source information data and means coupled to said storing means for communicating with a central computer to transfer said stored unique source identification data.

44. Apparatus as recited in claim 38 wherein said synchronizing means is coupled to a network distribution point and further comprises means coupled to said decoding means for storing decoded unique source information data.

45. Apparatus as recited in claim 38 wherein said synchronizing means is coupled to an output of a local TV

station and further comprises means calculated to said decoding means for storing decoded unique source information data.

46. Apparatus as recited in claim 38 wherein said synchronizing means is coupled to an output of a cable system and further comprises means coupled to said decoding means for storing decoded unique source information data.

47. Apparatus as recited in claim 36 wherein said synchronizing means is coupled to an output of a satellite system and further comprises means coupled to said decoding means for storing decoded unique source information data.

48. An apparatus for encoding an information message into a program signal according to a universal broadcast code wherein the universal broadcast code includes a plurality of segments of the program signal, wherein the program signal is distributed from any of a plurality of distribution levels, wherein each distribution level has assigned to it at least one segment such that the at least one segment into which an information message is encoded uniquely identifies the distribution level an which the apparatus is being used, and wherein the program signal contains video and/or audio content, the apparatus comprising segment detecting means for determining each of the plurality of segments of the universal broadcast cade;
segment selecting means for selecting at least one segment of the universal broadcast code into which an information message is to be encoded, the at least one selected segment being selected by the segment selecting means dependent upon the distribution level in which the apparatus is being used; and encoding means responsive to the segment detecting means and to the segment selecting means for encoding the at least one selected segment with an information message identifying the video and/or audio content of the program signal, wherein the at least one selected segment into which the information message is encoded identifies the level of distribution in which the apparatus is being used.

49. The apparatus of claim 48 wherein the segment selecting means comprises a memory for storing a segment designator which designates the at least one segment into which an information message is to be encoded.

50. The apparatus of claim 48 wherein the segment selecting means comprises a computer arranged to control the encoding means such that the encoding means encodes the information message into the segment designated by the segment designator stored in the memory.