CA2107400C - Method of grinding pharmaceutical substances - Google Patents
Method of grinding pharmaceutical substances Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2107400C CA2107400C CA002107400A CA2107400A CA2107400C CA 2107400 C CA2107400 C CA 2107400C CA 002107400 A CA002107400 A CA 002107400A CA 2107400 A CA2107400 A CA 2107400A CA 2107400 C CA2107400 C CA 2107400C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- grinding
- polymeric resin
- particles
- drug substance
- imaging agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
- A61J3/00—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms
- A61J3/02—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms into the form of powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/141—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers
- A61K9/146—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers with organic macromolecular compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1682—Processes
- A61K9/1688—Processes resulting in pure drug agglomerate optionally containing up to 5% of excipient
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/70—Nanostructure
- Y10S977/773—Nanoparticle, i.e. structure having three dimensions of 100 nm or less
- Y10S977/775—Nanosized powder or flake, e.g. nanosized catalyst
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/70—Nanostructure
- Y10S977/788—Of specified organic or carbon-based composition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/84—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure
- Y10S977/90—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure having step or means utilizing mechanical or thermal property, e.g. pressure, heat
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/902—Specified use of nanostructure
- Y10S977/904—Specified use of nanostructure for medical, immunological, body treatment, or diagnosis
- Y10S977/927—Diagnostic contrast agent
- Y10S977/928—X-ray agent
Abstract
A method of preparing particles of a drug substance or diagnostic imaging agent which comprises grinding the drug substance or imaging agent in the presence of grinding media comprising a polymeric resin. The method provides particles exhibiting reduced contamination.
Description
-., ~~07400 ' METHOD OF GRINDING PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTANCES
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Inasmuch as the rate of dissolution of a particle can increase with increasing surface area, i.e., decreasing particle size, efforts have been made to control the size and size range of drug particles in pharmaceutical compositions by a variety of methods, including various milling techniques, such as airjet milling and wet milling. However, there tends to be a bias in the pharmaceutical arts against milling techniques, particularly, wet milling, due to concerns associated with contamination. For example, in the preparation of pharmaceuticals for oral and parenteral applications, it is desirable to have total contamination, e.g., of heavy metals, below about 10 parts per million. The need to control and minimize contamination is particularly critical in the milling of parenteral products due to potential safety issues associated with injection of contaminants.
Various grinding media, such as stainless steel, zirconium silicate, zirconium oxide, glass, and the like, typically in the form of spherical beads, are commonly used in various mills, including media mills, for grinding materials. However, the use of stainless steel media can result in the introduction of iron, chromium and/or nickel contamination to the milled product accompanied by product discoloration. Media fabricated of conventional materials, such as zirconium silicates and zirconium oxides often contain zirconium, silicon, barium, lead, hafnium, yttrium, thorium and uranium, all of which can enter the product during grinding, leading to potential safety issues. Glass media can contain various alkali oxides, which are an unacceptable source of contamination. Additionally, most commercially available glass media for fine _ 2 _ 210400 grinding are of the soda lime type, which is not well suited for milling pH sensitive products due to high alkalinity Which can result during milling.
Liversidge et al, U.S. Patent No. 5,145,684, and EPO 498,492, describe dispersible particles consisting of a drug substance or an x-ray contrast agent having a surface modifier adsorbed on the surface thereof in an amount sufficient to maintain an effective average particle size of less than about 400 nm. The particles are prepared by dispersing a drug substance or contrast agent in a liquid dispersion medium and wet grinding in the presence of rigid grinding media. Particles free of unacceptable contamination have been prepared in accordance with this method.
Nevertheless, further reduced levels of contamination are desired. This is particularly so when 1) the drug substance or imaging agent is to be ground in a high energy mill where contamination tends to be particularly problematic, and/or 2) the drug substance or imaging agent is intended for parenteral use, in which case the risks associated with contaminated product can be particularly severe.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
We have discovered that fine particles of diagnostic imaging agents and drug substances can be prepared With reduced contamination by milling in the presence of grinding media comprising a polymeric resin.
More specifically, in accordance With this invention, there is provided a method of preparing particles of an organic diagnostic imaging agent or drug substance which comprises grinding the imaging agent or drug substance in the presence of grinding media comprising a polymeric resin. The media can ~~. mo7~o~
comprise particles consisting essentially of the polymeric resin. Alternatively, the media can comprise particles comprising a core, which preferably is a conventional media material, having adhered thereon a coating of the polymeric resin.
It is a particularly advantageous feature of this invention that there is provided a method of preparing fine particles of a diagnostic imaging agent or a drug substance having reduced contamination and/or discoloration.
Still another advantageous feature of this invention is that there is provided a method of fine grinding drugs and imaging agents, which method generates less heat and reduces potential heat-related problems such as chemical instability and contamination.
It is another advantageous feature of this invention that a method of fine grinding drugs and imaging agents is provided enabling improved pH
control.
Other advantageous features will become apparent upon reference to the following Description of Preferred Embodiments.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
This invention is based partly on the unexpected discovery that imaging agents and drug substances can be prepared~in extremely fine particles with reduced contamination levels by grinding in the presence of grinding media comprising a polymeric resin. While this invention is described herein in connection with its preferred utilities, i.e., with respect to drug substances for use in pharmaceutical compositions and imaging agents for use in x-ray contrast compositions, it is also believed to be useful in other applications, such as the grinding of _4_ 210400 particles for cosmetic and photographic compositions, where contamination can be a concern.
In the method of this invention, a drug substance is prepared in the form of particles by grinding the agent or drug substance in the presence of a grinding media comprising a polymeric resin.
The grinding media can comprise particles, preferably substantially spherical in shape, e.g., beads, consisting essentially of the polymeric resin.
Alternatively, the grinding media can comprise particles comprising a core having a coating of the polymeric resin adhered thereon.
In general, polymeric resins suitable for use herein are chemically and physically inert, substantially free of metals, solvent and monomers, and of sufficient hardness and friability to enable them to avoid being chipped or crushed during grinding.
Suitable polymeric resins include crosslinked polystyrenes, such as polystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene, styrene copolymers, polycarbonates, polyacetals, such as DelrinTM, vinyl chloride polymers and copolymers, polyurethanes, polyamides, poly (tetrafluoroethylenes ) , a . g . , TeflonT'~, and other fluoropolymers, high density polyethylenes, polypropylenes, cellulose ethers and esters such as cellulose acetate, polyhydroxymethacrylate, polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, silicone containing polymers such as polysiloxanes and the like. The polymer can be biodegradable. Exemplary biodegradable polymers include poly(lactides), poly(glycolide) copolymers of lactides and glycolide, polyanhydrides, poly(hydroxyethyl methacylate), poly(imino carbonates), poly(N-acylhydroxyproline)esters, poly(N-palmitoyl hydroxyproline) esters, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, poly(orthoesters), poly(caprolactones), and poly(phosphazenes). In the case of biodegradable polymers, contamination from the media itself 21~~4~~
advantageously can metabolize in vivo into biologically acceptable products which can be eliminated from the body.
The polymeric resin can have a density from 0.8 to 3.0 g/cm3. Higher density resins are preferred inasmuch as it is believed that these provide more efficient particle size reduction.
The media can range in size from about 0.1 to 3 mm: For fine grinding, the particles preferably are from 0.2 to 2 mm, more preferably, 0.25 to 1 mm in size.
The core material preferably can be selected from materials known to be useful as grinding media when fabricated as spheres or particles. Suitable core materials include zirconium oxides (such as 95~
zirconium oxide stabilized with magnesia or yttrium), zirconium silicate, glass, stainless steel, titania, alumina, ferrite and the like. Preferred core materials have a density greater than about 2.5 g/cm3.
The selection of high density core materials is believed to facilitate efficient particle size reduction.
Useful thicknesses of the polymer coating on the core are believed to range from about 1 to about 500 microns, although other thicknesses outside this range may be useful in some applications. The thickness of the polymer coating preferably is less than the diameter of the core.
The cores can be~coated with the polymeric resin by techniques known in the art. Suitable techniques include spray coating, fluidized bed coating, and melt coating. Adhesion promoting or tie layers can optionally be provided to improve the adhesion between the core material and the resin coating. The adhesion of the polymer coating to the core material can be enhanced by treating the core material to adhesion promoting procedures, such as ,~. 210'400 roughening of the core surface, corona discharge treatment, and the like.
The milling process can be a dry process, e.g., a dry roller milling process, or a wet process, i.e., wet-grinding. In preferred embodiments, this invention is practiced in accordance with the wet-grinding process described in U.S. Patent No. 5,145,684 and EPO 498,482. Thus, the wet grinding process can be practiced in conjunction with a liquid dispersion medium and surface modifier such as described in these publications. Useful liquid dispersion media include water, aqueous salt solutions, ethanol, butanol, hexane, glycol and the like. The surface modifier can be selected from known organic and inorganic pharmaceutical excipients such as described in U.S.
Patent No. 5,145,684 and can be present in an amount of 0.1-90%, preferably 1-80% by weight based on the total weight of the dry particle.
In preferred embodiments, the drug substance or imaging agent can be prepared in submicron or nanoparticulate particle size, e.g., less than about 500 nm. Applicants have demonstrated that particles can be prepared having an average particle size of less than about 400 nm. In certain embodiments, particles having an average particle size of less than 300 nm have been prepared in accordance with the present invention. It was particularly surprising and unexpected that such fine particles could be prepared at such low levels of contamination.
Grinding can take place in any suitable grinding mill. Suitable mills include an air~et mill, a roller mill, a ball mill, an attritor mill, a vibratory mill, a planetary mill, a sand mill and a bead mill. A high energy media mill is preferred when the grinding media consists essentially of the polymeric resin. The mill can contain a rotating shaft.
210'~~04 The preferred proportions of the grinding media, the drug substance and/or imaging agent, the optional liquid dispersion medium, and surface modifier present in the grinding vessel can vary within wide limits and depends, for example, upon the particular drug substance or imaging agent selected, the size and density of the grinding media, the type of mill selected, etc. The process can be carried out in a continuous, batch or semi-batch mode. In high energy media mills, it can be desirable to fill 70-90% of the volume of the grinding chamber with grinding media. On the other hand, in roller mills, it frequently is desirable to leave the grinding vessel up to half filled with air, the remaining volume comprising the grinding media and the liquid dispersion media, if present. This permits a cascading effect within the vessel on the rollers which permits efficient grinding.
However, when foaming is a problem during wet grinding, the vessel can be completely filled with the liquid dispersion medium.
The attrition time can vary widely and depends primarily upon the particular drug substance or imaging agent, mechanical means and residence conditions selected, the initial and desired final particle size and so forth. For roller mills, processing times from several days to weeks may be required. On the other hand, residence times of less than about 8 hours are generally required using high energy media mills.
After attrition is completed, the grinding media is separated from the milled particulate product (in either a dry or liquid dispersion form) using conventional separation techniques, such as by filtration, sieving through a mesh screen, and the like.
The invention can be practiced with a wide variety of drug substances and diagnostic imaging z851s-3s agents. In the case of dry milling, the drug substances and imaging agents must be capable of being formed into solid particles. In the case of wet milling, the drug substances and imaging agents.must be poorly soluble and dispersible in at least one liquid medium. By "poorly soluble", it is meant that the drug substance or imaging agent has a solubility in the liquid dispersion medium, e.g., water,' of less than about 10 mg/ml, and preferably of.iess than about 1.
mg/ml.v The preferred liquid dispersion medium is water. Additionally, the invention can be practiced with other liquid media.
Suitable drug substances and classes of drug substances are described in U.S. Patient No.~5,145,684 and include Danazol, 5a, l7cc,-1'-(methylsulfonyl)-1'8-pregn-20-ynoj3,2-c~-pyraaol-17-0l, camptnthecin, piposulfam, piposulfan and naproxen. Other suitable drug substances include the NSAIDs described in U.S.
Patent Nos. 5,145,684 and 5,552,160 and the anticancer ~ ' agents described-in U.S. Patent No. 5,399,363.
Suitable diagnostic imaging agents include ethyl-3,5-bisacetoamida-2,9,6-triiodobenzoate TWIN
8880 , ethyl (3, 5-bis (acetylamino) -2, 4, 6--triiodobenzoyloxy) acetate (WIN 12901), ethyl -2-(bis(acetylamino)-2,4,6-triiodobenxoyloxy)butyrate (WIN
1fi318), 6-ethoxy-6-oxohexyl-3,5-bis(acetylamino)-2,4,6-triiodobenzoate (WIN 67722). Other suitable imaging agents are. described in EPO 998,482.
The following examples further illustrate the invention'.
)~xamgle 2 ~ ~Rara~t""~,on o,~ 'W~ 81,$3 Pa Sops tJsinQ
golycaxbo,~~~,g~~~ds as the ~rinr~~ng' Media A dispersion (500 ml) was prepared by combining 30% w/v WIN 8883 (150 g), 7% Tetronic''"~-908 (35 g), which is a tetrafunctional block copolymer derived from sequential addition of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide to ethylenediamine, available from BASF, and water. Polycarbonate beads (250 ml, average particle size 0.3 mm) were added to the grinding chamber (300 ml, grade 316 stainless steel) of a DYNO°-MILL (Model KDL, manufactured by Willy A. Bachoffen AG
Maschinfabrik). The dispersion was recirculated through the mill using a positive displacement pump at a flow rate of 150 ml/min. The residence time of the dispersion in the milling chamber was 60 min. The shaft in the grinding chamber jacket was rotated at 4200 RPM (tip speed 14 m/sec). The temperature of the chamber jacket was controlled to below about 30°C with a recirculating ice water bath. The dynamic gap separator was adjusted to a gap thickness of about 0.1 mm, such that the grinding media was retained Within the chamber while the dispersion was recirculated. The resulting particles (average particle size, 200 nm) had no noticeable discoloration, indicating minimal attrition of stainless steel into the product. When a similar procedure was carried out using grinding media fabricated of zirconium silicate on glass beads, the resulting product exhibited noticeable discoloration.
A dispersion (500 ml) was prepared by.
combining 30% w/v WIN 8883 (150 g), 7% TetronicT"'-908 (35 g), and water. Polystyrene beads (250 ml, average particle size 0.5 mm, range 0.3-0.6 mm) were added to the grinding chamber (300 ml) of a DYNO~-MILL. The polystyrene contained divinylbenzene as the crosslinker. The dispersion was recirculated through -~ X107400 the mill at a flow rate of 150 ml/min for a calculated residence time of 70 min. The shaft in the grinding chamber was rotated at 4200 RPM, and the temperature of the chamber packet was controlled to below about 30°C.
The resulting product (average particle size 180 am) exhibited no noticeable discoloration, indicating minimal presence of stainless steel contamination in the product.
In Example 3, a dispersion (500 ml) was prepared by combining 30% (w/v) WIN 8883 (150 g), 7%
TetronicT'~'-908 (35 g) , and water. Polystyrene beads (250 ml, average particle size 0.355 mm) were added to the grinding chamber (300 ml) of a DYNO~-MILL. The dispersion was recirculated through the mill at a flow rate of 150 ml/min for a residence time of 70 minutes.
The shaft of the grinding chamber was rotated at 3200 RPM, and the temperature of the chamber packet was controlled to below about 30°C. The resulting product (average particle size 190 nm) exhibited no noticeable discoloration, indicating minimal presence of stainless steel contamination in the product.
In Example 4, the procedure described for Examples 2 and 3 was substantially repeated except that the shaft was rotated at 2500 RPM and the calculated residence time of the dispersion in the chamber was 140 min. The resulting particle size was 200 nm with no noticeable discoloration.
Exaynle 5 Measurement of Reduced Cnntam;nat;nn tx ICp-MS andICP-AES
A dispersion (500 ml) was prepared by combining 30% (w/v) WIN 8883 (150 g), 7% TetronicT'''-908 (35 g), and water. Polycarbonate beads (250 ml, size 0.3 mm - 0.5 mm) were added to the grinding chamber (300 ml) of a DYNO~-MILL. The dispersion was recirculated through the mill at a flow rate of 150 - il -ml/min for a residence time of 70 minutes. The shaft of the grinding chamber was rotated at 3200 RPM (tip speed 10.5 m/sec) and the temperature of the chamber packet was controlled to below about 30°C. The resulting product (average particle size 225 nm) exhibited low levels of contamination (as set forth in the table below) when examined by inductively coupled plasma - mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES ) .
Zr Si Fe Ba Cr Ni Exam le 4 0.7 3 1 - 1 -Com Ex. A 0.5 210 12 93 2 2 Com Ex. B 250 220 17 - 9 3 -- Indicates contamination below detection levels.
In Comparative Example A, a similar dispersion was milled to 194 nm using 0.5 mm glass beads. The shaft of the grinding chamber was rotated at 3200 RPM (tip speed 10.5 m/sec). The product exhibited substantially higher levels of silicon, iron, chromium and nickel.
In Comparative Example B, a similar dispersion was milled to 195 nm using 0.75 mm ZrSi02 beads. The shaft of the grinding chamber was rotated at 3200 RPM (tip speed 10.5 m/sec). The product exhibited substantially higher levels of zirconium, silicon, iron, chromium and nickel.
Example 6 prP ~~rati~n of Nanoaarticu~ate Na~roxen Usina Po~ycarbonate Beads in a Planetary Mil - ~2 - 2107400 Polycarbonate beads (6 ml, average particle size 0.3 mm) were added to a 12 ml agate bowl of a planetary mill (Model PLC-107 Fritsch P-7 Planetary micro mill available from Gilson Inc.). To the bowl was added naproxen (150 mg), Pluronic'~'uF-68 (90 mg), a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide available from BASF, and 2.7 ml water for injection to give a final concentration (w/v) of 5% naproxen and 3%
surface modifier. The second agate bowl contained 6 ml media as a counterweight. The dispersion was milled at medium speed (2.5 dial setting on the speed control for 2.5 days. The naproxen particle size was measured at various time intervals as follows:
,~,~, Particle Size (nm) 3 .hours 24 200 18 hours 316 36 hours 288 60 hours 348 The resulting milky white product had no noticeable discoloration or particulate contaminants.
The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Inasmuch as the rate of dissolution of a particle can increase with increasing surface area, i.e., decreasing particle size, efforts have been made to control the size and size range of drug particles in pharmaceutical compositions by a variety of methods, including various milling techniques, such as airjet milling and wet milling. However, there tends to be a bias in the pharmaceutical arts against milling techniques, particularly, wet milling, due to concerns associated with contamination. For example, in the preparation of pharmaceuticals for oral and parenteral applications, it is desirable to have total contamination, e.g., of heavy metals, below about 10 parts per million. The need to control and minimize contamination is particularly critical in the milling of parenteral products due to potential safety issues associated with injection of contaminants.
Various grinding media, such as stainless steel, zirconium silicate, zirconium oxide, glass, and the like, typically in the form of spherical beads, are commonly used in various mills, including media mills, for grinding materials. However, the use of stainless steel media can result in the introduction of iron, chromium and/or nickel contamination to the milled product accompanied by product discoloration. Media fabricated of conventional materials, such as zirconium silicates and zirconium oxides often contain zirconium, silicon, barium, lead, hafnium, yttrium, thorium and uranium, all of which can enter the product during grinding, leading to potential safety issues. Glass media can contain various alkali oxides, which are an unacceptable source of contamination. Additionally, most commercially available glass media for fine _ 2 _ 210400 grinding are of the soda lime type, which is not well suited for milling pH sensitive products due to high alkalinity Which can result during milling.
Liversidge et al, U.S. Patent No. 5,145,684, and EPO 498,492, describe dispersible particles consisting of a drug substance or an x-ray contrast agent having a surface modifier adsorbed on the surface thereof in an amount sufficient to maintain an effective average particle size of less than about 400 nm. The particles are prepared by dispersing a drug substance or contrast agent in a liquid dispersion medium and wet grinding in the presence of rigid grinding media. Particles free of unacceptable contamination have been prepared in accordance with this method.
Nevertheless, further reduced levels of contamination are desired. This is particularly so when 1) the drug substance or imaging agent is to be ground in a high energy mill where contamination tends to be particularly problematic, and/or 2) the drug substance or imaging agent is intended for parenteral use, in which case the risks associated with contaminated product can be particularly severe.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
We have discovered that fine particles of diagnostic imaging agents and drug substances can be prepared With reduced contamination by milling in the presence of grinding media comprising a polymeric resin.
More specifically, in accordance With this invention, there is provided a method of preparing particles of an organic diagnostic imaging agent or drug substance which comprises grinding the imaging agent or drug substance in the presence of grinding media comprising a polymeric resin. The media can ~~. mo7~o~
comprise particles consisting essentially of the polymeric resin. Alternatively, the media can comprise particles comprising a core, which preferably is a conventional media material, having adhered thereon a coating of the polymeric resin.
It is a particularly advantageous feature of this invention that there is provided a method of preparing fine particles of a diagnostic imaging agent or a drug substance having reduced contamination and/or discoloration.
Still another advantageous feature of this invention is that there is provided a method of fine grinding drugs and imaging agents, which method generates less heat and reduces potential heat-related problems such as chemical instability and contamination.
It is another advantageous feature of this invention that a method of fine grinding drugs and imaging agents is provided enabling improved pH
control.
Other advantageous features will become apparent upon reference to the following Description of Preferred Embodiments.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
This invention is based partly on the unexpected discovery that imaging agents and drug substances can be prepared~in extremely fine particles with reduced contamination levels by grinding in the presence of grinding media comprising a polymeric resin. While this invention is described herein in connection with its preferred utilities, i.e., with respect to drug substances for use in pharmaceutical compositions and imaging agents for use in x-ray contrast compositions, it is also believed to be useful in other applications, such as the grinding of _4_ 210400 particles for cosmetic and photographic compositions, where contamination can be a concern.
In the method of this invention, a drug substance is prepared in the form of particles by grinding the agent or drug substance in the presence of a grinding media comprising a polymeric resin.
The grinding media can comprise particles, preferably substantially spherical in shape, e.g., beads, consisting essentially of the polymeric resin.
Alternatively, the grinding media can comprise particles comprising a core having a coating of the polymeric resin adhered thereon.
In general, polymeric resins suitable for use herein are chemically and physically inert, substantially free of metals, solvent and monomers, and of sufficient hardness and friability to enable them to avoid being chipped or crushed during grinding.
Suitable polymeric resins include crosslinked polystyrenes, such as polystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene, styrene copolymers, polycarbonates, polyacetals, such as DelrinTM, vinyl chloride polymers and copolymers, polyurethanes, polyamides, poly (tetrafluoroethylenes ) , a . g . , TeflonT'~, and other fluoropolymers, high density polyethylenes, polypropylenes, cellulose ethers and esters such as cellulose acetate, polyhydroxymethacrylate, polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, silicone containing polymers such as polysiloxanes and the like. The polymer can be biodegradable. Exemplary biodegradable polymers include poly(lactides), poly(glycolide) copolymers of lactides and glycolide, polyanhydrides, poly(hydroxyethyl methacylate), poly(imino carbonates), poly(N-acylhydroxyproline)esters, poly(N-palmitoyl hydroxyproline) esters, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, poly(orthoesters), poly(caprolactones), and poly(phosphazenes). In the case of biodegradable polymers, contamination from the media itself 21~~4~~
advantageously can metabolize in vivo into biologically acceptable products which can be eliminated from the body.
The polymeric resin can have a density from 0.8 to 3.0 g/cm3. Higher density resins are preferred inasmuch as it is believed that these provide more efficient particle size reduction.
The media can range in size from about 0.1 to 3 mm: For fine grinding, the particles preferably are from 0.2 to 2 mm, more preferably, 0.25 to 1 mm in size.
The core material preferably can be selected from materials known to be useful as grinding media when fabricated as spheres or particles. Suitable core materials include zirconium oxides (such as 95~
zirconium oxide stabilized with magnesia or yttrium), zirconium silicate, glass, stainless steel, titania, alumina, ferrite and the like. Preferred core materials have a density greater than about 2.5 g/cm3.
The selection of high density core materials is believed to facilitate efficient particle size reduction.
Useful thicknesses of the polymer coating on the core are believed to range from about 1 to about 500 microns, although other thicknesses outside this range may be useful in some applications. The thickness of the polymer coating preferably is less than the diameter of the core.
The cores can be~coated with the polymeric resin by techniques known in the art. Suitable techniques include spray coating, fluidized bed coating, and melt coating. Adhesion promoting or tie layers can optionally be provided to improve the adhesion between the core material and the resin coating. The adhesion of the polymer coating to the core material can be enhanced by treating the core material to adhesion promoting procedures, such as ,~. 210'400 roughening of the core surface, corona discharge treatment, and the like.
The milling process can be a dry process, e.g., a dry roller milling process, or a wet process, i.e., wet-grinding. In preferred embodiments, this invention is practiced in accordance with the wet-grinding process described in U.S. Patent No. 5,145,684 and EPO 498,482. Thus, the wet grinding process can be practiced in conjunction with a liquid dispersion medium and surface modifier such as described in these publications. Useful liquid dispersion media include water, aqueous salt solutions, ethanol, butanol, hexane, glycol and the like. The surface modifier can be selected from known organic and inorganic pharmaceutical excipients such as described in U.S.
Patent No. 5,145,684 and can be present in an amount of 0.1-90%, preferably 1-80% by weight based on the total weight of the dry particle.
In preferred embodiments, the drug substance or imaging agent can be prepared in submicron or nanoparticulate particle size, e.g., less than about 500 nm. Applicants have demonstrated that particles can be prepared having an average particle size of less than about 400 nm. In certain embodiments, particles having an average particle size of less than 300 nm have been prepared in accordance with the present invention. It was particularly surprising and unexpected that such fine particles could be prepared at such low levels of contamination.
Grinding can take place in any suitable grinding mill. Suitable mills include an air~et mill, a roller mill, a ball mill, an attritor mill, a vibratory mill, a planetary mill, a sand mill and a bead mill. A high energy media mill is preferred when the grinding media consists essentially of the polymeric resin. The mill can contain a rotating shaft.
210'~~04 The preferred proportions of the grinding media, the drug substance and/or imaging agent, the optional liquid dispersion medium, and surface modifier present in the grinding vessel can vary within wide limits and depends, for example, upon the particular drug substance or imaging agent selected, the size and density of the grinding media, the type of mill selected, etc. The process can be carried out in a continuous, batch or semi-batch mode. In high energy media mills, it can be desirable to fill 70-90% of the volume of the grinding chamber with grinding media. On the other hand, in roller mills, it frequently is desirable to leave the grinding vessel up to half filled with air, the remaining volume comprising the grinding media and the liquid dispersion media, if present. This permits a cascading effect within the vessel on the rollers which permits efficient grinding.
However, when foaming is a problem during wet grinding, the vessel can be completely filled with the liquid dispersion medium.
The attrition time can vary widely and depends primarily upon the particular drug substance or imaging agent, mechanical means and residence conditions selected, the initial and desired final particle size and so forth. For roller mills, processing times from several days to weeks may be required. On the other hand, residence times of less than about 8 hours are generally required using high energy media mills.
After attrition is completed, the grinding media is separated from the milled particulate product (in either a dry or liquid dispersion form) using conventional separation techniques, such as by filtration, sieving through a mesh screen, and the like.
The invention can be practiced with a wide variety of drug substances and diagnostic imaging z851s-3s agents. In the case of dry milling, the drug substances and imaging agents must be capable of being formed into solid particles. In the case of wet milling, the drug substances and imaging agents.must be poorly soluble and dispersible in at least one liquid medium. By "poorly soluble", it is meant that the drug substance or imaging agent has a solubility in the liquid dispersion medium, e.g., water,' of less than about 10 mg/ml, and preferably of.iess than about 1.
mg/ml.v The preferred liquid dispersion medium is water. Additionally, the invention can be practiced with other liquid media.
Suitable drug substances and classes of drug substances are described in U.S. Patient No.~5,145,684 and include Danazol, 5a, l7cc,-1'-(methylsulfonyl)-1'8-pregn-20-ynoj3,2-c~-pyraaol-17-0l, camptnthecin, piposulfam, piposulfan and naproxen. Other suitable drug substances include the NSAIDs described in U.S.
Patent Nos. 5,145,684 and 5,552,160 and the anticancer ~ ' agents described-in U.S. Patent No. 5,399,363.
Suitable diagnostic imaging agents include ethyl-3,5-bisacetoamida-2,9,6-triiodobenzoate TWIN
8880 , ethyl (3, 5-bis (acetylamino) -2, 4, 6--triiodobenzoyloxy) acetate (WIN 12901), ethyl -2-(bis(acetylamino)-2,4,6-triiodobenxoyloxy)butyrate (WIN
1fi318), 6-ethoxy-6-oxohexyl-3,5-bis(acetylamino)-2,4,6-triiodobenzoate (WIN 67722). Other suitable imaging agents are. described in EPO 998,482.
The following examples further illustrate the invention'.
)~xamgle 2 ~ ~Rara~t""~,on o,~ 'W~ 81,$3 Pa Sops tJsinQ
golycaxbo,~~~,g~~~ds as the ~rinr~~ng' Media A dispersion (500 ml) was prepared by combining 30% w/v WIN 8883 (150 g), 7% Tetronic''"~-908 (35 g), which is a tetrafunctional block copolymer derived from sequential addition of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide to ethylenediamine, available from BASF, and water. Polycarbonate beads (250 ml, average particle size 0.3 mm) were added to the grinding chamber (300 ml, grade 316 stainless steel) of a DYNO°-MILL (Model KDL, manufactured by Willy A. Bachoffen AG
Maschinfabrik). The dispersion was recirculated through the mill using a positive displacement pump at a flow rate of 150 ml/min. The residence time of the dispersion in the milling chamber was 60 min. The shaft in the grinding chamber jacket was rotated at 4200 RPM (tip speed 14 m/sec). The temperature of the chamber jacket was controlled to below about 30°C with a recirculating ice water bath. The dynamic gap separator was adjusted to a gap thickness of about 0.1 mm, such that the grinding media was retained Within the chamber while the dispersion was recirculated. The resulting particles (average particle size, 200 nm) had no noticeable discoloration, indicating minimal attrition of stainless steel into the product. When a similar procedure was carried out using grinding media fabricated of zirconium silicate on glass beads, the resulting product exhibited noticeable discoloration.
A dispersion (500 ml) was prepared by.
combining 30% w/v WIN 8883 (150 g), 7% TetronicT"'-908 (35 g), and water. Polystyrene beads (250 ml, average particle size 0.5 mm, range 0.3-0.6 mm) were added to the grinding chamber (300 ml) of a DYNO~-MILL. The polystyrene contained divinylbenzene as the crosslinker. The dispersion was recirculated through -~ X107400 the mill at a flow rate of 150 ml/min for a calculated residence time of 70 min. The shaft in the grinding chamber was rotated at 4200 RPM, and the temperature of the chamber packet was controlled to below about 30°C.
The resulting product (average particle size 180 am) exhibited no noticeable discoloration, indicating minimal presence of stainless steel contamination in the product.
In Example 3, a dispersion (500 ml) was prepared by combining 30% (w/v) WIN 8883 (150 g), 7%
TetronicT'~'-908 (35 g) , and water. Polystyrene beads (250 ml, average particle size 0.355 mm) were added to the grinding chamber (300 ml) of a DYNO~-MILL. The dispersion was recirculated through the mill at a flow rate of 150 ml/min for a residence time of 70 minutes.
The shaft of the grinding chamber was rotated at 3200 RPM, and the temperature of the chamber packet was controlled to below about 30°C. The resulting product (average particle size 190 nm) exhibited no noticeable discoloration, indicating minimal presence of stainless steel contamination in the product.
In Example 4, the procedure described for Examples 2 and 3 was substantially repeated except that the shaft was rotated at 2500 RPM and the calculated residence time of the dispersion in the chamber was 140 min. The resulting particle size was 200 nm with no noticeable discoloration.
Exaynle 5 Measurement of Reduced Cnntam;nat;nn tx ICp-MS andICP-AES
A dispersion (500 ml) was prepared by combining 30% (w/v) WIN 8883 (150 g), 7% TetronicT'''-908 (35 g), and water. Polycarbonate beads (250 ml, size 0.3 mm - 0.5 mm) were added to the grinding chamber (300 ml) of a DYNO~-MILL. The dispersion was recirculated through the mill at a flow rate of 150 - il -ml/min for a residence time of 70 minutes. The shaft of the grinding chamber was rotated at 3200 RPM (tip speed 10.5 m/sec) and the temperature of the chamber packet was controlled to below about 30°C. The resulting product (average particle size 225 nm) exhibited low levels of contamination (as set forth in the table below) when examined by inductively coupled plasma - mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES ) .
Zr Si Fe Ba Cr Ni Exam le 4 0.7 3 1 - 1 -Com Ex. A 0.5 210 12 93 2 2 Com Ex. B 250 220 17 - 9 3 -- Indicates contamination below detection levels.
In Comparative Example A, a similar dispersion was milled to 194 nm using 0.5 mm glass beads. The shaft of the grinding chamber was rotated at 3200 RPM (tip speed 10.5 m/sec). The product exhibited substantially higher levels of silicon, iron, chromium and nickel.
In Comparative Example B, a similar dispersion was milled to 195 nm using 0.75 mm ZrSi02 beads. The shaft of the grinding chamber was rotated at 3200 RPM (tip speed 10.5 m/sec). The product exhibited substantially higher levels of zirconium, silicon, iron, chromium and nickel.
Example 6 prP ~~rati~n of Nanoaarticu~ate Na~roxen Usina Po~ycarbonate Beads in a Planetary Mil - ~2 - 2107400 Polycarbonate beads (6 ml, average particle size 0.3 mm) were added to a 12 ml agate bowl of a planetary mill (Model PLC-107 Fritsch P-7 Planetary micro mill available from Gilson Inc.). To the bowl was added naproxen (150 mg), Pluronic'~'uF-68 (90 mg), a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide available from BASF, and 2.7 ml water for injection to give a final concentration (w/v) of 5% naproxen and 3%
surface modifier. The second agate bowl contained 6 ml media as a counterweight. The dispersion was milled at medium speed (2.5 dial setting on the speed control for 2.5 days. The naproxen particle size was measured at various time intervals as follows:
,~,~, Particle Size (nm) 3 .hours 24 200 18 hours 316 36 hours 288 60 hours 348 The resulting milky white product had no noticeable discoloration or particulate contaminants.
The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (41)
1. A method of preparing particles of an organic diagnostic imaging agent, or an organic drug substance, which comprises grinding the agent or the drug substance in the presence of a rigid grinding media to reduce the particles to a submicron size, wherein the grinding media has a substantially spherical shape, an average particle size of 0.1 mm to 3 mm, and comprises a polymeric resin.
2. A method of preparing particles of an organic diagnostic imaging agent, which comprises grinding the agent in the presence of a rigid grinding media to reduce the particles to a submicron size, wherein the grinding media has a substantially spherical shape, an average particle size of 0.1 mm to 3 mm, and comprises a polymeric resin.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the diagnostic imaging agent is selected from the group consisting of ethyl-3,5-bisacetoamido-2,4,6-triiodobenzoate(WIN 8883), ethyl(3,5-bis(acetylamino)-2,4,6-triiodobenzoyloxy)acetate (WIN 12901), ethyl-2-(bis(acetylamino)-2,4,6-triiodobenzoyloxy)butyrate(WIN 16318), and 6-ethoxy-6-oxohexyl-3,5-bis(acetylamino)-2,4,6-triiodobenzoate (WIN 67722).
4. A method of preparing particles of an organic drug substance, which comprises grinding the substance in the presence of a rigid grinding media to reduce the particles to a submicron size, wherein the grinding media has a substantially spherical shape, an average particle size of 0.1 mm to 3 mm, and comprises a polymeric resin.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the drug substance is selected from the group consisting of Danazol, 5.alpha., 17.alpha.,-1'-(methylsulfonyl)-1'H-pregn-20-yno[3,2-c]-pyrazol-17-ol, camptothecin, piposulfam, piposulfan, and naproxen.
6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the grinding media has an average particle size of 0.2 mm to 2 mm.
7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the grinding media has an average particle size of 0.25 mm to 1 mm.
8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the grinding media comprises particles consisting essentially of the polymeric resin.
9. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the grinding media comprises particles comprising a core having adhered thereon a coating of the polymeric resin.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the core is made from a material selected from the group consisting of zirconium oxides, zirconium silicate, glass, stainless steel, titania, alumina, and ferrite.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the core is 95%
zirconium oxide stabilized with magnesia or yttrium.
zirconium oxide stabilized with magnesia or yttrium.
12. The method of any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the core has a density greater than about 2.5 g/cm3.
13. The method of any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the core has a diameter and the polymeric coating on the core has a thickness of less than the diameter of the core.
14. The method of any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the polymeric coating on the core has a thickness of from about 1 to about 500 microns.
15. The method of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the polymeric resin is selected from the group consisting of crosslinked polystyrene, styrene copolymers, polycarbonates, polyacetals, vinyl chloride polymers, vinyl chloride copolymers, polyurethanes, polyamides, poly(tetrafluoroethylenes), fluoropolymers, high density polyethylenes, polypropylenes, cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, polyhydroxymethacrylate, polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, and silicone containing polymers.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the polymeric resin is selected from the group consisting of polystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene, cellulose acetate, and polysiloxanes.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein the polymeric resin is polystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein the polymeric resin is polycarbonate.
19. The method of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the polymeric resin is biodegradable.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the biodegradable polymeric resin is selected from the group consisting of poly(lactides), poly(glycolide) copolymers of lactides and glycolide, polyanhydrides, poly(hydroxyethyl methacylate), poly(imino carbonates), poly(N-acylhydroxyproline)esters, poly(N-palmitoyl hydroxyproline)esters, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, poly(orthoesters), poly(caprolactones), and poly (phosphazenes).
21. The method of any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the polymeric resin has a density from 0.8 to 3.0 g/cm3.
22. The method of any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the grinding takes place in a mill selected from an airjet mill, a roller mill, a ball mill, an attritor mill, a vibratory mill, a planetary mill, a sand mill, and a bead mill.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the mill contains a rotating shaft.
24. The method of any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the particles of the imaging agent or the drug substance are reduced to an average particle size of less than about 500 nm.
25. The method of any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the particles of the imaging agent or the drug substance are reduced to an average particle size of less than about 400 nm.
26. The method of any one of claims 3 to 23, wherein the particles of the imaging agent or the drug substance are reduced to an average particle size of less than about 300 nm.
27. The method of any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein the method is a dry grinding process.
28. The method of any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein the method is a wet grinding process.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein the wet grinding process utilizes:
(a) a liquid dispersion medium in which the diagnostic imaging agent or drug substance is poorly soluble and dispersible; and (b) a surface modifier.
(a) a liquid dispersion medium in which the diagnostic imaging agent or drug substance is poorly soluble and dispersible; and (b) a surface modifier.
30. The method of claim 29, wherein the liquid dispersion medium is selected from the group consisting of water, aqueous salt solutions, ethanol, butanol, hexane, and glycol.
31. The method of claim 29 or 30, wherein the surface modifier is selected from known organic and inorganic pharmaceutical excipients.
32. The method of any one of claims 29 to 31, wherein the surface modifier is present in an amount of 0.1-90%, by weight, based on the total dry weight of the particles.
33. The method of any one of claim: 29 to 31, wherein the surface modifier is present in an amount of 0.1-80%, by weight, based on the total dry weight of the particles.
34. The method of any one of claims 29 to 33, wherein the drug substance or imaging agent has a solubility in the liquid dispersion medium of less than about 10 mg/ml.
35. The method of any one of claims 29 to 33, wherein the drug substance or imaging agent has a solubility in the liquid dispersion medium of less than about 1 mg/ml.
36. The method of any one of claims 1 to 35, wherein grinding is carried out in a continuous mode.
37. The method of any one of claims 1 to 35, wherein grinding is carried out in a batch mode.
38. The method of any one of claims 1 to 35, wherein grinding is carried out in a semi-batch mode.
39. The method of any one of claims 1 to 38, wherein the length of time of grinding is less than about 8 hours.
40. A method of preparing particles of an organic diagnostic imaging agent or an organic drug substance having a particle size of less than about 500 nm, which method comprises:
(A) grinding the imaging agent or drug substance in the presence of a rigid grinding media to reduce the particles to less than about 500 nm, and (B) separating the grinding media from the resulting particles of the imaging agent or drug substance, wherein:
the grinding media has a substantially spherical shape and an average particle size of 0.1 mm to 3 mm;
the grinding media consists essentially of a polymeric resin or comprises a core having adhered thereon a coating of a polymeric resin;
the polymeric resin is chemically and physically inert, free of metals, solvents and monomers and of sufficient hardness and friability to enable the polymeric resin to avoid being chipped or crushed during the grinding;
the polymeric resin has a density of from 0.8 to 3.0 g/cm3; and when the grinding media comprises the core having adhered thereon the coating of the polymeric resin, the core is made of zirconium oxide, zirconium silicate, glass, stainless steel, titania, alumina or ferrite and the coating has a thickness of 1 to 500 microns.
(A) grinding the imaging agent or drug substance in the presence of a rigid grinding media to reduce the particles to less than about 500 nm, and (B) separating the grinding media from the resulting particles of the imaging agent or drug substance, wherein:
the grinding media has a substantially spherical shape and an average particle size of 0.1 mm to 3 mm;
the grinding media consists essentially of a polymeric resin or comprises a core having adhered thereon a coating of a polymeric resin;
the polymeric resin is chemically and physically inert, free of metals, solvents and monomers and of sufficient hardness and friability to enable the polymeric resin to avoid being chipped or crushed during the grinding;
the polymeric resin has a density of from 0.8 to 3.0 g/cm3; and when the grinding media comprises the core having adhered thereon the coating of the polymeric resin, the core is made of zirconium oxide, zirconium silicate, glass, stainless steel, titania, alumina or ferrite and the coating has a thickness of 1 to 500 microns.
41. The method of claim 40, wherein the grinding step is conducted by a wet grinding process which employs:
(a) a liquid dispersion medium in which the diagnostic imaging agent or drug substance is poorly soluble and dispersible; and (b) a surface modifier.
(a) a liquid dispersion medium in which the diagnostic imaging agent or drug substance is poorly soluble and dispersible; and (b) a surface modifier.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US98163992A | 1992-11-25 | 1992-11-25 | |
US981,639 | 1992-11-25 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2107400A1 CA2107400A1 (en) | 1994-05-26 |
CA2107400C true CA2107400C (en) | 2007-01-23 |
Family
ID=25528539
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002107400A Expired - Lifetime CA2107400C (en) | 1992-11-25 | 1993-09-30 | Method of grinding pharmaceutical substances |
Country Status (24)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5518187A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0600528B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JPH06209982A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100312798B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE193646T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU660852B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2107400C (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ284802B6 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69328815T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0600528T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2148198T3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI108399B (en) |
GR (1) | GR3034227T3 (en) |
HU (1) | HU210928B (en) |
IL (1) | IL107191A0 (en) |
MX (1) | MX9306443A (en) |
MY (1) | MY109419A (en) |
NO (1) | NO933719L (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ248813A (en) |
PH (1) | PH31118A (en) |
PT (1) | PT600528E (en) |
RU (1) | RU2122405C1 (en) |
SK (1) | SK281078B6 (en) |
TW (1) | TW239075B (en) |
Families Citing this family (285)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6417138B1 (en) * | 1994-07-26 | 2002-07-09 | Sony Corporation | Method for transcribing an image and a support for transcription and ink ribbon employed therefor |
US5500331A (en) * | 1994-05-25 | 1996-03-19 | Eastman Kodak Company | Comminution with small particle milling media |
US5478705A (en) * | 1994-05-25 | 1995-12-26 | Eastman Kodak Company | Milling a compound useful in imaging elements using polymeric milling media |
US5718388A (en) * | 1994-05-25 | 1998-02-17 | Eastman Kodak | Continuous method of grinding pharmaceutical substances |
US5513803A (en) * | 1994-05-25 | 1996-05-07 | Eastman Kodak Company | Continuous media recirculation milling process |
DE4440337A1 (en) * | 1994-11-11 | 1996-05-15 | Dds Drug Delivery Services Ges | Pharmaceutical nanosuspensions for drug application as systems with increased saturation solubility and dissolution rate |
EP0810853B1 (en) * | 1995-02-24 | 2004-08-25 | Elan Pharma International Limited | Aerosols containing nanoparticle dispersions |
US5474237A (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1995-12-12 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method and apparatus for eliminating screen plugging in wet grinding mills |
US5834025A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1998-11-10 | Nanosystems L.L.C. | Reduction of intravenously administered nanoparticulate-formulation-induced adverse physiological reactions |
US5662279A (en) * | 1995-12-05 | 1997-09-02 | Eastman Kodak Company | Process for milling and media separation |
US20050267302A1 (en) * | 1995-12-11 | 2005-12-01 | G.D. Searle & Co. | Eplerenone crystalline form exhibiting enhanced dissolution rate |
EP0971698A4 (en) | 1996-12-31 | 2006-07-26 | Nektar Therapeutics | Aerosolized hydrophobic drug |
US20030203036A1 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2003-10-30 | Gordon Marc S. | Systems and processes for spray drying hydrophobic drugs with hydrophilic excipients |
US6045829A (en) * | 1997-02-13 | 2000-04-04 | Elan Pharma International Limited | Nanocrystalline formulations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors using cellulosic surface stabilizers |
WO1998035666A1 (en) * | 1997-02-13 | 1998-08-20 | Nanosystems Llc | Formulations of nanoparticle naproxen tablets |
GB9703673D0 (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 1997-04-09 | Bradford Particle Design Ltd | Method and apparatus for the formation of particles |
US20050004049A1 (en) * | 1997-03-11 | 2005-01-06 | Elan Pharma International Limited | Novel griseofulvin compositions |
UA72189C2 (en) | 1997-11-17 | 2005-02-15 | Янссен Фармацевтика Н.В. | Aqueous suspensions of 9-hydroxy-risperidone fatty acid esters provided in submicron form |
GB9726543D0 (en) * | 1997-12-16 | 1998-02-11 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Novel compositions |
US6086242A (en) * | 1998-02-27 | 2000-07-11 | University Of Utah | Dual drive planetary mill |
US20040013613A1 (en) * | 2001-05-18 | 2004-01-22 | Jain Rajeev A | Rapidly disintegrating solid oral dosage form |
US8236352B2 (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2012-08-07 | Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited | Glipizide compositions |
US20080213378A1 (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2008-09-04 | Elan Pharma International, Ltd. | Nanoparticulate statin formulations and novel statin combinations |
US8293277B2 (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2012-10-23 | Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited | Controlled-release nanoparticulate compositions |
US20070160675A1 (en) * | 1998-11-02 | 2007-07-12 | Elan Corporation, Plc | Nanoparticulate and controlled release compositions comprising a cephalosporin |
JP4613275B2 (en) * | 1998-11-02 | 2011-01-12 | エラン ファーマ インターナショナル,リミティド | Multiparticulate modified release composition |
US20090297602A1 (en) * | 1998-11-02 | 2009-12-03 | Devane John G | Modified Release Loxoprofen Compositions |
US6969529B2 (en) | 2000-09-21 | 2005-11-29 | Elan Pharma International Ltd. | Nanoparticulate compositions comprising copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate as surface stabilizers |
US6428814B1 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 2002-08-06 | Elan Pharma International Ltd. | Bioadhesive nanoparticulate compositions having cationic surface stabilizers |
US20040141925A1 (en) * | 1998-11-12 | 2004-07-22 | Elan Pharma International Ltd. | Novel triamcinolone compositions |
US7919119B2 (en) * | 1999-05-27 | 2011-04-05 | Acusphere, Inc. | Porous drug matrices and methods of manufacture thereof |
US6610317B2 (en) | 1999-05-27 | 2003-08-26 | Acusphere, Inc. | Porous paclitaxel matrices and methods of manufacture thereof |
US6395300B1 (en) | 1999-05-27 | 2002-05-28 | Acusphere, Inc. | Porous drug matrices and methods of manufacture thereof |
US6444223B1 (en) * | 1999-05-28 | 2002-09-03 | Alkermes Controlled Therapeutics, Inc. | Method of producing submicron particles of a labile agent and use thereof |
EP1185371B2 (en) * | 1999-06-01 | 2008-11-12 | Elan Pharma International Limited | Small-scale mill and method thereof |
US20040115134A1 (en) * | 1999-06-22 | 2004-06-17 | Elan Pharma International Ltd. | Novel nifedipine compositions |
US6656504B1 (en) | 1999-09-09 | 2003-12-02 | Elan Pharma International Ltd. | Nanoparticulate compositions comprising amorphous cyclosporine and methods of making and using such compositions |
HUP0201457A3 (en) * | 1999-12-08 | 2003-07-28 | Pharmacia Corp Chicago | Eplerenone crystalline form, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their preparations |
US20030083493A1 (en) * | 1999-12-08 | 2003-05-01 | Barton Kathleen P. | Eplerenone drug substance having high phase purity |
ES2236007T3 (en) * | 1999-12-08 | 2005-07-16 | Pharmacia Corporation | CYCLLOXYGENASA-2 EU INHIBITOR COMPOSITIONS HAS A FAST THERAPEUTIC EFFECT. |
AU2001259671B2 (en) | 2000-05-10 | 2004-06-24 | Rtp Pharma Inc. | Media milling |
US6316029B1 (en) | 2000-05-18 | 2001-11-13 | Flak Pharma International, Ltd. | Rapidly disintegrating solid oral dosage form |
AR035642A1 (en) | 2000-05-26 | 2004-06-23 | Pharmacia Corp | USE OF A CELECOXIB COMPOSITION FOR QUICK PAIN RELIEF |
US20040089753A1 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2004-05-13 | Holland Simon Joseph | Wet milling process |
PE20020146A1 (en) * | 2000-07-13 | 2002-03-31 | Upjohn Co | OPHTHALMIC FORMULATION INCLUDING A CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 (COX-2) INHIBITOR |
CA2420597C (en) | 2000-08-31 | 2011-05-17 | Rtp Pharma Inc. | Milled particles |
US7998507B2 (en) | 2000-09-21 | 2011-08-16 | Elan Pharma International Ltd. | Nanoparticulate compositions of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors |
US7276249B2 (en) * | 2002-05-24 | 2007-10-02 | Elan Pharma International, Ltd. | Nanoparticulate fibrate formulations |
US20080241070A1 (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2008-10-02 | Elan Pharma International Ltd. | Fenofibrate dosage forms |
US20030224058A1 (en) * | 2002-05-24 | 2003-12-04 | Elan Pharma International, Ltd. | Nanoparticulate fibrate formulations |
US7198795B2 (en) | 2000-09-21 | 2007-04-03 | Elan Pharma International Ltd. | In vitro methods for evaluating the in vivo effectiveness of dosage forms of microparticulate of nanoparticulate active agent compositions |
GB0027357D0 (en) | 2000-11-09 | 2000-12-27 | Bradford Particle Design Plc | Particle formation methods and their products |
WO2002043700A2 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-06-06 | Vectura Limited | Particles for use in a pharmaceutical composition |
US9700866B2 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2017-07-11 | Baxter International Inc. | Surfactant systems for delivery of organic compounds |
US20040022862A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2004-02-05 | Kipp James E. | Method for preparing small particles |
US7193084B2 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2007-03-20 | Baxter International Inc. | Polymorphic form of itraconazole |
US20040256749A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2004-12-23 | Mahesh Chaubal | Process for production of essentially solvent-free small particles |
US6623761B2 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2003-09-23 | Hassan Emadeldin M. | Method of making nanoparticles of substantially water insoluble materials |
US6977085B2 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2005-12-20 | Baxter International Inc. | Method for preparing submicron suspensions with polymorph control |
US20050048126A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2005-03-03 | Barrett Rabinow | Formulation to render an antimicrobial drug potent against organisms normally considered to be resistant to the drug |
US20030072807A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2003-04-17 | Wong Joseph Chung-Tak | Solid particulate antifungal compositions for pharmaceutical use |
US6869617B2 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2005-03-22 | Baxter International Inc. | Microprecipitation method for preparing submicron suspensions |
US8067032B2 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2011-11-29 | Baxter International Inc. | Method for preparing submicron particles of antineoplastic agents |
US6951656B2 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2005-10-04 | Baxter International Inc. | Microprecipitation method for preparing submicron suspensions |
US6884436B2 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2005-04-26 | Baxter International Inc. | Method for preparing submicron particle suspensions |
FI20010115A0 (en) * | 2001-01-18 | 2001-01-18 | Orion Corp | A process for preparing nanoparticles |
RS51449B (en) * | 2001-01-26 | 2011-04-30 | Schering Corporation | Combinations of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (ppar) activator(s) and sterol absorption inhibitor(s) and treatments for vascular indications |
US6976647B2 (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2005-12-20 | Elan Pharma International, Limited | System and method for milling materials |
JP4223390B2 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2009-02-12 | エラン・ファルマ・インターナショナル・リミテッド | System and method for milling material |
ATE291899T1 (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2005-04-15 | Marie Lindner | HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING PROCEDURE (HTS) USING LABORATORY MILLS OR MICROFLUIDICS |
US7758890B2 (en) | 2001-06-23 | 2010-07-20 | Lyotropic Therapeutics, Inc. | Treatment using dantrolene |
US20030054042A1 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2003-03-20 | Elaine Liversidge | Stabilization of chemical compounds using nanoparticulate formulations |
DK1429731T3 (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2007-05-14 | Elan Pharma Int Ltd | Nanoparticle formulations containing insulin |
CA2461080A1 (en) * | 2001-09-25 | 2003-04-03 | Pharmacia Corporation | Solid-state forms of n-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-5-(4-piperidyl)-4-(4-pyrimidinyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazole |
BR0212833A (en) * | 2001-09-26 | 2004-10-13 | Baxter Int | Preparation of submicron sized nanoparticles by dispersion and solvent or liquid phase removal |
US20060003012A9 (en) * | 2001-09-26 | 2006-01-05 | Sean Brynjelsen | Preparation of submicron solid particle suspensions by sonication of multiphase systems |
JP2005508939A (en) | 2001-10-12 | 2005-04-07 | エラン ファーマ インターナショナル,リミティド | Composition having combined immediate release and sustained release characteristics |
US7112340B2 (en) | 2001-10-19 | 2006-09-26 | Baxter International Inc. | Compositions of and method for preparing stable particles in a frozen aqueous matrix |
EP1450863A4 (en) * | 2001-11-07 | 2009-01-07 | Imcor Pharmaceutical Company | Methods for vascular imaging using nanoparticulate contrast agents |
US20030129242A1 (en) * | 2002-01-04 | 2003-07-10 | Bosch H. William | Sterile filtered nanoparticulate formulations of budesonide and beclomethasone having tyloxapol as a surface stabilizer |
US20040101566A1 (en) * | 2002-02-04 | 2004-05-27 | Elan Pharma International Limited | Novel benzoyl peroxide compositions |
ATE464880T1 (en) * | 2002-02-04 | 2010-05-15 | Elan Pharma Int Ltd | MEDICINAL NANOPARTICLES WITH LYSOZYME SURFACE STABILIZER |
CA2479735C (en) * | 2002-03-20 | 2011-05-17 | Elan Pharma International Ltd. | Fast dissolving dosage forms having reduced friability |
US20080220075A1 (en) * | 2002-03-20 | 2008-09-11 | Elan Pharma International Ltd. | Nanoparticulate compositions of angiogenesis inhibitors |
US20050191357A1 (en) * | 2002-03-20 | 2005-09-01 | Yoshiaki Kawashima | Method of manufacturing chemical-containing composite particles |
CA2479665C (en) * | 2002-03-20 | 2011-08-30 | Elan Pharma International Ltd. | Nanoparticulate compositions of angiogenesis inhibitors |
WO2003082213A2 (en) * | 2002-03-28 | 2003-10-09 | Imcor Pharmaceutical Company | Compositions and methods for delivering pharmaceutically active agents using nanoparticulates |
US7101576B2 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2006-09-05 | Elan Pharma International Limited | Nanoparticulate megestrol formulations |
EP2263650A3 (en) | 2002-04-12 | 2013-12-25 | Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited | Nanoparticulate megestrol formulations |
US20100226989A1 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2010-09-09 | Elan Pharma International, Limited | Nanoparticulate megestrol formulations |
US9101540B2 (en) | 2002-04-12 | 2015-08-11 | Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited | Nanoparticulate megestrol formulations |
US20040105889A1 (en) * | 2002-12-03 | 2004-06-03 | Elan Pharma International Limited | Low viscosity liquid dosage forms |
DE10218109A1 (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-11-20 | Jenapharm Gmbh | Process for the production of crystals, then available crystals and their use in pharmaceutical formulations |
DE10218107A1 (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-11-20 | Jenapharm Gmbh | Process for the production of crystals of steroids, crystals available thereafter and their use in pharmaceutical formulations |
GB0216562D0 (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2002-08-28 | Bradford Particle Design Ltd | Particulate materials |
US9339459B2 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2016-05-17 | Nektar Therapeutics | Particulate materials |
ATE419835T1 (en) * | 2002-05-06 | 2009-01-15 | Elan Pharma Int Ltd | NYSTATIN NANOPARTICLE COMPOSITIONS |
US20070264348A1 (en) * | 2002-05-24 | 2007-11-15 | Elan Pharma International, Ltd. | Nanoparticulate fibrate formulations |
WO2003103632A1 (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2003-12-18 | Elan Pharma International, Ltd. | Nanoparticulate polycosanol formulations and novel polycosanol combinations |
US20040258757A1 (en) * | 2002-07-16 | 2004-12-23 | Elan Pharma International, Ltd. | Liquid dosage compositions of stable nanoparticulate active agents |
US7713551B2 (en) | 2002-09-11 | 2010-05-11 | Elan Pharma International Ltd. | Gel stabilized nanoparticulate active agent compositions |
EP1556091A1 (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2005-07-27 | Elan Pharma International Limited | Gamma irradiation of solid nanoparticulate active agents |
WO2004043440A1 (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2004-05-27 | Elan Pharma International Ltd. | Fast-disintegrating solid dosage forms being not friable and comprising pullulan |
US20050095267A1 (en) * | 2002-12-04 | 2005-05-05 | Todd Campbell | Nanoparticle-based controlled release polymer coatings for medical implants |
WO2004058216A2 (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2004-07-15 | Elan Pharma International Ltd. | Milling microgram quantities of nanoparticulate candidate compounds |
EP1587499A1 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2005-10-26 | Elan Pharma International Limited | Nanoparticulate topiramate formulations |
US20040208833A1 (en) * | 2003-02-04 | 2004-10-21 | Elan Pharma International Ltd. | Novel fluticasone formulations |
US20100297252A1 (en) | 2003-03-03 | 2010-11-25 | Elan Pharma International Ltd. | Nanoparticulate meloxicam formulations |
US8512727B2 (en) | 2003-03-03 | 2013-08-20 | Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited | Nanoparticulate meloxicam formulations |
ATE418551T1 (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2009-01-15 | Schering Corp | SUBSTITUTED AZETIDINONE DERIVATIVES, THEIR PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS AND THEIR USE IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA |
US7235543B2 (en) | 2003-03-07 | 2007-06-26 | Schering Corporation | Substituted azetidinone compounds, processes for preparing the same, formulations and uses thereof |
US7578457B2 (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2009-08-25 | Primet Precision Materials, Inc. | Method for producing fine dehydrided metal particles using grinding media |
US7140567B1 (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2006-11-28 | Primet Precision Materials, Inc. | Multi-carbide material manufacture and use as grinding media |
CA2523035C (en) * | 2003-05-22 | 2011-04-26 | Elan Pharma International Ltd. | Sterilization of dispersions of nanoparticulate active agents with gamma radiation |
CA2534924A1 (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2005-02-24 | Elan Pharma International Ltd. | Novel metaxalone compositions |
AR046811A1 (en) * | 2003-09-02 | 2005-12-28 | Imran Ahmed | ORAL DOSAGE FORMS OF ZIPRASIDONE OF SUSTAINED LIBERATION |
US7879360B2 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2011-02-01 | Elan Pharma International, Ltd. | Nanoparticulate compositions having a peptide as a surface stabilizer |
WO2005053851A1 (en) * | 2003-11-26 | 2005-06-16 | E.I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | High pressure media milling system and process of milling particles |
US7722842B2 (en) * | 2003-12-31 | 2010-05-25 | The Ohio State University | Carbon dioxide sequestration using alkaline earth metal-bearing minerals |
EP1559419A1 (en) * | 2004-01-23 | 2005-08-03 | Fournier Laboratories Ireland Limited | Pharmaceutical formulations comprising metformin and a fibrate, and processes for their obtention |
CA2572549A1 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-12 | Warner-Lambert Company Llc | Preparation of pharmaceutical compositions containing nanoparticles |
EP1621200A1 (en) * | 2004-07-26 | 2006-02-01 | Fournier Laboratories Ireland Limited | Pharmaceutical combinations containing an inhibitor of platelet aggregation and a fibrate |
DE102004040368B3 (en) * | 2004-08-20 | 2006-02-23 | Juhnke, Michael, Dipl.-Ing. | Grinding body for producing very finely ground product has surface consisting of material which is rigid at grinding temperature but not at room temperature |
US20210299056A9 (en) | 2004-10-25 | 2021-09-30 | Varian Medical Systems, Inc. | Color-Coded Polymeric Particles of Predetermined Size for Therapeutic and/or Diagnostic Applications and Related Methods |
US20090155331A1 (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2009-06-18 | Elan Pharma International Limited | Injectable nanoparticulate olanzapine formulations |
EP2623095A1 (en) | 2004-11-16 | 2013-08-07 | Elan Pharma International Limited | Injectable nanoparticulate olanzapine formulations |
UA89513C2 (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2010-02-10 | Элан Фарма Интернешнл Лтд. | Nanoparticulate raloxifene hydrochloride composition |
CA2590675A1 (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2006-06-22 | Elan Pharma International Ltd. | Nanoparticulate tacrolimus formulations |
WO2006069098A1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2006-06-29 | Elan Pharma International Ltd. | Nanoparticulate bicalutamide formulations |
CN101107021A (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2008-01-16 | 金文申有限公司 | Combination comprising an agent providing a signal, an implant material and a drug |
WO2006074218A2 (en) * | 2005-01-06 | 2006-07-13 | Elan Pharma International Ltd. | Nanoparticulate candesartan formulations |
JP2008527119A (en) * | 2005-01-13 | 2008-07-24 | シンベンション アーゲー | Composite materials containing carbon nanoparticles |
BRPI0606486A2 (en) * | 2005-01-24 | 2009-06-30 | Cinv Ag | metal-containing composite materials |
US20060198896A1 (en) | 2005-02-15 | 2006-09-07 | Elan Pharma International Limited | Aerosol and injectable formulations of nanoparticulate benzodiazepine |
EP1855651A4 (en) * | 2005-03-03 | 2011-06-15 | Elan Pharma Int Ltd | Nanoparticulate compositions of heterocyclic amide derivatives |
US20060204588A1 (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2006-09-14 | Elan Pharma International Limited | Formulations of a nanoparticulate finasteride, dutasteride or tamsulosin hydrochloride, and mixtures thereof |
JP2008533174A (en) * | 2005-03-16 | 2008-08-21 | エラン ファーマ インターナショナル リミテッド | Nanoparticulate leukotriene receptor antagonist / corticosteroid preparation |
NZ561666A (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2010-05-28 | Elan Pharma Int Ltd | Nanoparticulate biphosphonate compositions |
CN101142149A (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2008-03-12 | 金文申有限公司 | Process for the preparation of porous sintered metal materials |
BRPI0609700A2 (en) * | 2005-03-23 | 2010-04-20 | Elan Pharma Int Ltd | nanoparticulate corticosteroid and antihistamine formulations |
US20060246141A1 (en) * | 2005-04-12 | 2006-11-02 | Elan Pharma International, Limited | Nanoparticulate lipase inhibitor formulations |
MX2007012778A (en) * | 2005-04-12 | 2008-01-11 | Elan Pharma Int Ltd | Nanoparticulate quinazoline derivative formulations. |
US7825087B2 (en) * | 2005-04-12 | 2010-11-02 | Elan Pharma International Limited | Nanoparticulate and controlled release compositions comprising cyclosporine |
US20080305161A1 (en) * | 2005-04-13 | 2008-12-11 | Pfizer Inc | Injectable depot formulations and methods for providing sustained release of nanoparticle compositions |
JP2008540546A (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2008-11-20 | エラン ファーマ インターナショナル リミテッド | Nanoparticulate clopidogrel formulation |
WO2007070082A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2007-06-21 | Elan Pharma International Limited | Nanoparticulate and controlled release compositions comprising teprenone |
WO2006132752A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-12-14 | Elan Pharma International Limited | Nanoparticulate and controlled release compositions comprising vitamin k2 |
JP2008540691A (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2008-11-20 | エラン・ファルマ・インターナショナル・リミテッド | Nanoparticles and controlled release compositions comprising cephalosporin |
US20100028439A1 (en) * | 2005-05-23 | 2010-02-04 | Elan Pharma International Limited | Nanoparticulate stabilized anti-hypertensive compositions |
US20060275372A1 (en) | 2005-06-03 | 2006-12-07 | Elan Pharma International Limited | Nanoparticulate imatinib mesylate formulations |
WO2007053197A2 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2007-05-10 | Elan Pharma International, Limited | Nanoparticulate acetaminophen formulations |
US20070042049A1 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2007-02-22 | Elan Pharma International, Limited | Nanoparticulate benidipine compositions |
DE112006001606T5 (en) | 2005-06-08 | 2009-07-09 | Elan Pharma International Ltd., Athlone | Nanoparticulate and controlled release composition comprising cefditoren |
ATE446742T1 (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2009-11-15 | Elan Pharma Int Ltd | NANOPARTICULAR EBASTIN FORMULATIONS |
AU2006259594A1 (en) * | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-28 | Baxter Healthcare S.A. | Pharmaceutical formulations for minimizing drug-drug interactions |
US20060280787A1 (en) * | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-14 | Baxter International Inc. | Pharmaceutical formulation of the tubulin inhibitor indibulin for oral administration with improved pharmacokinetic properties, and process for the manufacture thereof |
CA2612384A1 (en) * | 2005-06-15 | 2006-12-28 | Elan Pharma International, Limited | Nanoparticulate azelnidipine formulations |
CA2613474A1 (en) * | 2005-06-20 | 2007-03-08 | Elan Pharma International Limited | Nanoparticulate and controlled release compositions comprising aryl-heterocyclic compounds |
AU2006265196A1 (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2007-01-11 | Cinvention Ag | Medical devices comprising a reticulated composite material |
EP1902087A1 (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2008-03-26 | Cinvention Ag | Process for the production of porous reticulated composite materials |
EP1904041A2 (en) * | 2005-07-07 | 2008-04-02 | Elan Pharma International Limited | Nanoparticulate clarithromycin formulations |
JP2009504615A (en) * | 2005-08-10 | 2009-02-05 | ノバルティス アクチエンゲゼルシャフト | Formulation for 7- (T-butoxy) iminomethylcamptothecin |
GB0516549D0 (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2005-09-21 | Sulaiman Brian | Milling system |
WO2007033239A2 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-22 | Elan Pharma International, Limited | Nanoparticulate tadalafil formulations |
EP2279727A3 (en) | 2005-09-15 | 2011-10-05 | Elan Pharma International Limited | Nanoparticulate aripiprazole formulations |
KR20080063408A (en) * | 2005-10-18 | 2008-07-03 | 신벤션 아게 | Thermoset particles and methods for production thereof |
US20070098803A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 | 2007-05-03 | Primet Precision Materials, Inc. | Small particle compositions and associated methods |
EP1954245A2 (en) * | 2005-11-15 | 2008-08-13 | Baxter International Inc. | Compositions of lipoxygenase inhibitors |
US8022054B2 (en) | 2005-11-28 | 2011-09-20 | Marinus Pharmaceuticals | Liquid ganaxolone formulations and methods for the making and use thereof |
UA96936C2 (en) | 2005-12-29 | 2011-12-26 | Лексикон Фармасьютикалз, Инк. | Multicyclic amino acid derivatives and methods of their use |
US7649098B2 (en) | 2006-02-24 | 2010-01-19 | Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Imidazole-based compounds, compositions comprising them and methods of their use |
US8367112B2 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2013-02-05 | Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited | Nanoparticulate carverdilol formulations |
US11311477B2 (en) | 2006-03-07 | 2022-04-26 | Sgn Nanopharma Inc. | Ophthalmic preparations |
CA2645080A1 (en) * | 2006-03-07 | 2007-09-13 | Novavax,Inc. | Nanoemulsions of poorly soluble pharmaceutical active ingredients and methods of making the same |
US10137083B2 (en) | 2006-03-07 | 2018-11-27 | SGN Nanopharma Inc | Ophthalmic preparations |
WO2007109244A2 (en) | 2006-03-21 | 2007-09-27 | Morehouse School Of Medicine | Novel nanoparticles for delivery of active agents |
BRPI0712130A2 (en) * | 2006-05-30 | 2012-01-17 | Elan Pharma Int Ltd | nanoparticulate posaconazole formulations |
AU2007264418B2 (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2012-05-03 | Iceutica Pty Ltd | Methods for the preparation of biologically active compounds in nanoparticulate form |
ZA200810741B (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2010-05-26 | Iceutica Ltd | Methodes for the preparation of biologically active compounds in nanoparticulate form |
TW200820991A (en) * | 2006-07-10 | 2008-05-16 | Elan Pharma Int Ltd | Nanoparticulate sorafenib formulations |
CL2007002689A1 (en) | 2006-09-18 | 2008-04-18 | Vitae Pharmaceuticals Inc | COMPOUNDS DERIVED FROM PIPERIDIN-1-CARBOXAMIDA, INHIBITORS OF THE RENINE; INTERMEDIARY COMPOUNDS; PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION; AND USE IN THE TREATMENT OF DISEASES SUCH AS HYPERTENSION, CARDIAC INSUFFICIENCY, CARDIAC FIBROSIS, AMONG OTHERS. |
EP2101735A2 (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2009-09-23 | Marinus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Nanoparticulate formulations and methods for the making and use thereof |
UA99270C2 (en) | 2006-12-12 | 2012-08-10 | Лексикон Фармасьютикалз, Инк. | 4-phenyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-phenylethoxy)pyrimidine-based compounds and methods of their use |
US20090152176A1 (en) * | 2006-12-23 | 2009-06-18 | Baxter International Inc. | Magnetic separation of fine particles from compositions |
CN101646402A (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2010-02-10 | 金文申有限公司 | Porous, the non-degradable implant made with powdered moulding |
ES2522297T3 (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2014-11-14 | Alphapharm Pty Ltd | A pharmaceutical form that contains two pharmaceutical active ingredients in different physical forms |
WO2008104599A1 (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2008-09-04 | Cinvention Ag | High surface cultivation system bag |
EP2126040A1 (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2009-12-02 | Cinvention Ag | High surface cultivation system |
US8426467B2 (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2013-04-23 | Baxter International Inc. | Colored esmolol concentrate |
US8722736B2 (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2014-05-13 | Baxter International Inc. | Multi-dose concentrate esmolol with benzyl alcohol |
US20080293814A1 (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2008-11-27 | Deepak Tiwari | Concentrate esmolol |
US8642062B2 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2014-02-04 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Implantable device having a slow dissolving polymer |
US20090238867A1 (en) * | 2007-12-13 | 2009-09-24 | Scott Jenkins | Nanoparticulate Anidulafungin Compositions and Methods for Making the Same |
EP2095816A1 (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-02 | Schlichthaar, Rainer, Dr. | Nanosuspension with antifungal medication to be administered via inhalation with improved impurity profile and safety |
JP2011520779A (en) * | 2008-03-21 | 2011-07-21 | エラン・ファルマ・インターナショナル・リミテッド | Compositions and methods of use for site-specific delivery of imatinib |
US20090311335A1 (en) * | 2008-06-12 | 2009-12-17 | Scott Jenkins | Combination of a triptan and an nsaid |
EP2406545B1 (en) | 2008-09-26 | 2019-05-29 | The Ohio State University | Conversion of carbonaceous fuels into carbon free energy carriers |
WO2010085641A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 | 2010-07-29 | Noramco, Inc. | Process for preparing particles of opioids and compositions produced thereby |
WO2010096558A1 (en) | 2009-02-18 | 2010-08-26 | Eyeon Particle Sciences Llc | Bi-functional co-polymer use for ophthalmic and other topical and local applications |
EP3045043B1 (en) | 2009-02-26 | 2020-04-29 | Relmada Therapeutics, Inc. | Extended release oral pharmaceutical compositions of 3-hydroxy-n-methylmorphinan and method of use |
US7828996B1 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2010-11-09 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Method for the manufacture of stable, nano-sized particles |
US20120160944A1 (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2012-06-28 | Aaron Dodd | Method for the production of commercial nanoparticle and micro particle powders |
UA110322C2 (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2015-12-25 | Iceutica Pty Ltd | Methods for producing particles of biologically active material with high volume fraction |
CN106420667A (en) | 2009-04-24 | 2017-02-22 | 伊休蒂卡有限公司 | A novel formulation of diclofenac |
JP6027890B2 (en) | 2009-04-24 | 2016-11-16 | イシューティカ ピーティーワイ リミテッド | New formulation of indomethacin |
KR20120088546A (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2012-08-08 | 아이슈티카 피티와이 리미티드 | Production of encapsulated nanoparticles at commercial scale |
EP2421516A4 (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2012-11-07 | Iceutica Pty Ltd | Method for improving the dissolution profile of a biologically active material |
JP6072539B2 (en) | 2009-05-27 | 2017-02-01 | アルカーメス ファーマ アイルランド リミテッド | Reduction of flaky aggregation in nanoparticulate active agent compositions |
FR2945950A1 (en) | 2009-05-27 | 2010-12-03 | Elan Pharma Int Ltd | ANTICANCER NANOPARTICLE COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR PREPARING THE SAME |
CN102480958B (en) | 2009-06-12 | 2015-08-19 | Cynapsus疗法有限公司 | sublingual apomorphine |
AR077692A1 (en) | 2009-08-06 | 2011-09-14 | Vitae Pharmaceuticals Inc | SALTS OF 2 - ((R) - (3-CHLOROPHENYL) ((R) -1 - ((S) -2- (METHYLAMINE) -3 - ((R) -TETRAHYDRO-2H-PIRAN-3-IL) PROPILCARBAMOIL ) PIPERIDIN -3-IL) METOXI) METHYL ETILCARBAMATE |
ES2630217T3 (en) | 2009-09-08 | 2017-08-18 | The Ohio State University Research Foundation | Integration of water reform and division and electromagnetic systems for power generation with integrated carbon capture |
EP2483371B1 (en) | 2009-09-08 | 2017-11-08 | The Ohio State University Research Foundation | Synthetic fuels and chemicals production with in-situ co2 capture |
JP2013510092A (en) | 2009-11-05 | 2013-03-21 | レクシコン ファーマシューティカルズ インコーポレイテッド | Tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer |
WO2011100285A1 (en) | 2010-02-10 | 2011-08-18 | Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitors for the treatment of metastatic bone disease |
ES2689520T3 (en) | 2010-04-23 | 2018-11-14 | Kempharm, Inc. | Therapeutic formulation to reduce drug side effects |
WO2011146583A2 (en) | 2010-05-19 | 2011-11-24 | Elan Pharma International Limited | Nanoparticulate cinacalcet formulations |
AU2011305566A1 (en) | 2010-09-22 | 2013-05-02 | Map Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Aerosol composition for administering drugs |
WO2012064712A1 (en) | 2010-11-08 | 2012-05-18 | The Ohio State University | Circulating fluidized bed with moving bed downcomers and gas sealing between reactors |
CA2821756C (en) | 2010-12-16 | 2021-06-29 | Cynapsus Therapeutics, Inc. | Sublingual films comprising apomorphine and an organic base |
MX350838B (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2017-09-18 | Grain Proc Corporation * | Salt composition. |
US9777920B2 (en) | 2011-05-11 | 2017-10-03 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Oxygen carrying materials |
US9903584B2 (en) | 2011-05-11 | 2018-02-27 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Systems for converting fuel |
BR112014001505A2 (en) | 2011-07-22 | 2017-02-14 | Chemocentryx Inc | polymorphic forms of the 4-tert-butyl-n- [4-chloro-2- (1-oxo-pyridine-4-carbonyl) -phenyl] -benzenesulfonamide sodium salt |
ES2625286T3 (en) | 2011-07-22 | 2017-07-19 | Chemocentryx, Inc. | A crystalline form of the sodium salt of 4-tert-butyl-n- [4-chloro-2- (1-oxy-pyridin-4-carbonyl) -phenyl] -benzenesulfonamide |
CN103906744A (en) | 2011-09-01 | 2014-07-02 | 葛兰素集团有限公司 | Novel crystal form |
WO2013059676A1 (en) | 2011-10-21 | 2013-04-25 | Subhash Desai | Compositions for reduction of side effects |
EP2780009A4 (en) | 2011-11-17 | 2015-05-06 | Univ Colorado Regents | Methods and compositions for enhanced drug delivery to the eye and extended delivery formulations |
MX2014011123A (en) | 2012-03-22 | 2014-12-05 | Nanotherapeutics Inc | Compositions and methods for oral delivery of encapsulated diethylenetriaminepentaacetate particles. |
US20130303763A1 (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-11-14 | Michael D. Gershon | Methods and compositions for the treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis |
US11596599B2 (en) | 2012-05-03 | 2023-03-07 | The Johns Hopkins University | Compositions and methods for ophthalmic and/or other applications |
CA2871778C (en) | 2012-05-03 | 2022-09-13 | Kala Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Pharmaceutical nanoparticles showing improved mucosal transport |
US9827191B2 (en) | 2012-05-03 | 2017-11-28 | The Johns Hopkins University | Compositions and methods for ophthalmic and/or other applications |
EP2844227B1 (en) | 2012-05-03 | 2020-11-18 | Kala Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Pharmaceutical nanoparticles showing improved mucosal transport |
CA2882622C (en) | 2012-08-21 | 2021-11-09 | Kratos LLC | Group iva functionalized particles and methods of use thereof |
US9461309B2 (en) | 2012-08-21 | 2016-10-04 | Kratos LLC | Group IVA functionalized particles and methods of use thereof |
JP6091862B2 (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2017-03-08 | クリニプロ株式会社 | Method for producing inhalable powder |
JP6033055B2 (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2016-11-30 | クリニプロ株式会社 | Method for producing inhalable powder |
AU2014214982B2 (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2017-11-16 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Methods for fuel conversion |
WO2014127214A1 (en) | 2013-02-15 | 2014-08-21 | Kala Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Therapeutic compounds and uses thereof |
US9688688B2 (en) | 2013-02-20 | 2017-06-27 | Kala Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Crystalline forms of 4-((4-((4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)oxy)-6-methoxyquinazolin-7-yl)oxy)-1-(2-oxa-7-azaspiro[3.5]nonan-7-yl)butan-1-one and uses thereof |
JP2016510000A (en) | 2013-02-20 | 2016-04-04 | カラ ファーマシューティカルズ インコーポレイテッド | Therapeutic compounds and uses thereof |
US9616403B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2017-04-11 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Systems and methods for converting carbonaceous fuels |
WO2014210543A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Rexahn Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Nanoparticulate compositions and formulations of piperazine compounds |
US9890173B2 (en) | 2013-11-01 | 2018-02-13 | Kala Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Crystalline forms of therapeutic compounds and uses thereof |
US9458169B2 (en) | 2013-11-01 | 2016-10-04 | Kala Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Crystalline forms of therapeutic compounds and uses thereof |
WO2015071841A1 (en) | 2013-11-12 | 2015-05-21 | Druggability Technologies Holdings Limited | Complexes of dabigatran and its derivatives, process for the preparation thereof and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
EP3108525A4 (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2017-10-18 | Kratos LLC | Nanosilicon material preparation for functionalized group iva particle frameworks |
US20150238915A1 (en) | 2014-02-27 | 2015-08-27 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Systems and methods for partial or complete oxidation of fuels |
WO2015134608A1 (en) | 2014-03-05 | 2015-09-11 | Nanotherapeutics, Inc. | Compositions and methods for oral delivery of encapsulated 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde particles |
US9526734B2 (en) | 2014-06-09 | 2016-12-27 | Iceutica Pty Ltd. | Formulation of meloxicam |
LT3160958T (en) | 2014-06-25 | 2021-04-12 | Glaxosmithkline Intellectual Property Development Limited | Crystalline salts of (s)-6-((1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)amino)-n-(3-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1h)-yl)-2-hydroxypropyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide |
JP2016035913A (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2016-03-17 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | All-solid type secondary battery, inorganic solid electrolyte particle, solid electrolyte composition, battery electrode sheet and all-solid type secondary battery manufacturing method |
SI3182958T2 (en) | 2014-08-18 | 2022-07-29 | Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited | Aripiprazole prodrug compositions |
US10016415B2 (en) | 2014-08-18 | 2018-07-10 | Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited | Aripiprazole prodrug compositions |
US20170283404A1 (en) | 2014-09-08 | 2017-10-05 | Glaxosmithkline Intellectual Property Development Limited | Crystalline forms of 2-(4-(4-ethoxy-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-n-(5-(1,1,1-trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-yl)isoxazol-3-yl)acetamide |
US10166197B2 (en) | 2015-02-13 | 2019-01-01 | St. John's University | Sugar ester nanoparticle stabilizers |
CA3127926A1 (en) | 2015-04-21 | 2016-10-27 | Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Methods of treating parkinson's disease by administration of apomorphine to an oral mucosa |
EP3288957A4 (en) | 2015-05-01 | 2019-01-23 | Cocrystal Pharma, Inc. | Nucleoside analogs for treatment of the flaviviridae family of viruses and cancer |
EA036155B1 (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2020-10-06 | Маринус Фармасьютикалс, Инк. | Injectable neurosteroid formulations containing nanoparticles |
CA3014788A1 (en) | 2016-02-17 | 2017-08-24 | Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited | Compositions of multiple aripiprazole prodrugs |
US11111143B2 (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2021-09-07 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Chemical looping syngas production from carbonaceous fuels |
BR112019000112A2 (en) | 2016-07-05 | 2019-04-09 | Kratos LLC | passivated pre-lithiated micron and submicron group particles and methods for their preparation |
BR112019002538A2 (en) | 2016-08-11 | 2019-05-21 | Ovid Therapeutics Inc. | use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising an allosteric modulator, use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising garboxadol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and pharmaceutical composition for parenteral administration |
JP6891715B2 (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2021-06-18 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | Sample preparation method and sample analysis method |
WO2018048747A1 (en) | 2016-09-08 | 2018-03-15 | Kala Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Crystalline forms of therapeutic compounds and uses thereof |
AU2017324251A1 (en) | 2016-09-08 | 2019-03-21 | Kala Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Crystalline forms of therapeutic compounds and uses thereof |
AU2017324716B2 (en) | 2016-09-08 | 2020-08-13 | KALA BIO, Inc. | Crystalline forms of therapeutic compounds and uses thereof |
US10391105B2 (en) | 2016-09-09 | 2019-08-27 | Marinus Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Methods of treating certain depressive disorders and delirium tremens |
PL3513809T3 (en) | 2016-09-13 | 2022-07-04 | Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. | Medicinal composition comprising tivozanib |
WO2018129555A1 (en) | 2017-01-09 | 2018-07-12 | Temple University - Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education | Methods and compositions for treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis |
WO2018183909A1 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2018-10-04 | Kratos LLC | Precharged negative electrode material for secondary battery |
CA3071395A1 (en) | 2017-07-31 | 2019-02-07 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Reactor system with unequal reactor assembly operating pressures |
US10549236B2 (en) | 2018-01-29 | 2020-02-04 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Systems, methods and materials for NOx decomposition with metal oxide materials |
WO2020033500A1 (en) | 2018-08-09 | 2020-02-13 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Systems, methods and materials for hydrogen sulfide conversion |
KR20210090606A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2021-07-20 | 베즈미아렘 바키프 유니버시테시 | How to obtain clay additive nanoparticles |
US11266662B2 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2022-03-08 | Marinus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Ganaxolone for use in prophylaxis and treatment of postpartum depression |
JP7121290B2 (en) * | 2019-02-15 | 2022-08-18 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | Sample preparation method and sample analysis method |
KR20210130747A (en) | 2019-03-01 | 2021-11-01 | 시오노기 앤드 컴파니, 리미티드 | Nanoparticle composition with reduced foreign matter and manufacturing method thereof |
WO2020210396A1 (en) | 2019-04-09 | 2020-10-15 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Alkene generation using metal sulfide particles |
KR102072968B1 (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2020-02-04 | 주식회사 울트라브이 | The fabrication method of fine particle of biodegradable polymer and a biodegradable material for recovering tissues |
CA3145923A1 (en) | 2019-08-05 | 2021-02-11 | David Czekai | Ganaxolone for use in treatment of status epilepticus |
EP4015086A4 (en) | 2019-08-16 | 2023-09-13 | Hiroshima Metal & Machinery Co., Ltd. | Organic nanoparticle production method and organic nanoparticles |
MX2022006014A (en) | 2019-12-06 | 2022-06-22 | Marinus Pharmaceuticals Inc | Ganaxolone for use in treating tuberous sclerosis complex. |
EP3928772A1 (en) | 2020-06-26 | 2021-12-29 | Algiax Pharmaceuticals GmbH | Nanoparticulate composition |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1807383A (en) * | 1928-09-29 | 1931-05-26 | Rubber Surfacers Inc | Grinding method and apparatus |
US3104068A (en) * | 1959-03-02 | 1963-09-17 | Montedison Spa | Process for preparing ultradispersed pastes and powders of insoluble organic pigments and dyes |
US4404346A (en) * | 1980-08-05 | 1983-09-13 | Rohm And Haas Company | Production of powdered resin and the powdered resin so produced |
US4775393A (en) * | 1985-04-11 | 1988-10-04 | The Standard Oil Company | Autogenous attrition grinding |
JPS62281953A (en) * | 1986-05-28 | 1987-12-07 | 旭光学工業株式会社 | Bone filler and its production |
US4974368A (en) * | 1987-03-19 | 1990-12-04 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Polishing apparatus |
US5066486A (en) * | 1988-10-14 | 1991-11-19 | Revlon, Inc. | Method for preparing cosmetic products and the products obtained thereby |
IT1227626B (en) * | 1988-11-28 | 1991-04-23 | Vectorpharma Int | SUPPORTED DRUGS WITH INCREASED DISSOLUTION SPEED AND PROCEDURE FOR THEIR PREPARATION |
US5066335A (en) * | 1989-05-02 | 1991-11-19 | Ogilvie Mills Ltd. | Glass-like polysaccharide abrasive grit |
JPH04166246A (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1992-06-12 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Medium agitating mill and grinding method |
US5145684A (en) * | 1991-01-25 | 1992-09-08 | Sterling Drug Inc. | Surface modified drug nanoparticles |
AU642066B2 (en) * | 1991-01-25 | 1993-10-07 | Nanosystems L.L.C. | X-ray contrast compositions useful in medical imaging |
-
1993
- 1993-09-29 AU AU48670/93A patent/AU660852B2/en not_active Expired
- 1993-09-29 NZ NZ248813A patent/NZ248813A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-09-30 CA CA002107400A patent/CA2107400C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-30 DK DK93202795T patent/DK0600528T3/en active
- 1993-09-30 DE DE69328815T patent/DE69328815T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-30 PT PT93202795T patent/PT600528E/en unknown
- 1993-09-30 EP EP93202795A patent/EP0600528B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-30 ES ES93202795T patent/ES2148198T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-30 AT AT93202795T patent/ATE193646T1/en active
- 1993-10-01 HU HU9302779A patent/HU210928B/en unknown
- 1993-10-01 FI FI934320A patent/FI108399B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-05 IL IL107191A patent/IL107191A0/en unknown
- 1993-10-06 TW TW082108254A patent/TW239075B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-08 MY MYPI93002059A patent/MY109419A/en unknown
- 1993-10-11 PH PH47059A patent/PH31118A/en unknown
- 1993-10-15 NO NO933719A patent/NO933719L/en unknown
- 1993-10-15 MX MX9306443A patent/MX9306443A/en unknown
- 1993-10-26 CZ CZ932277A patent/CZ284802B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-26 KR KR1019930022264A patent/KR100312798B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-11-11 JP JP5282497A patent/JPH06209982A/en active Pending
- 1993-11-19 SK SK1301-93A patent/SK281078B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-11-19 RU RU93052890A patent/RU2122405C1/en active
-
1994
- 1994-01-12 US US08/180,827 patent/US5518187A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-08-17 GR GR20000401912T patent/GR3034227T3/en unknown
-
2002
- 2002-08-29 JP JP2002250972A patent/JP2003175341A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2107400C (en) | Method of grinding pharmaceutical substances | |
US5718388A (en) | Continuous method of grinding pharmaceutical substances | |
US5862999A (en) | Method of grinding pharmaceutical substances | |
KR100200061B1 (en) | Surface modified drug nanoparticles | |
US5718919A (en) | Nanoparticles containing the R(-)enantiomer of ibuprofen | |
US5565188A (en) | Polyalkylene block copolymers as surface modifiers for nanoparticles | |
CA2232879C (en) | Reduction of intravenously administered nanoparticulate-formulation-induced adverse physiological reactions | |
US5336507A (en) | Use of charged phospholipids to reduce nanoparticle aggregation | |
EP1398083B1 (en) | A method of producing fine solid particles and dispersions thereof |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
EEER | Examination request |