CA2126091C - Novel biologically active polypeptides, preparation thereof and pharmaceutical composition containing said polypeptides - Google Patents
Novel biologically active polypeptides, preparation thereof and pharmaceutical composition containing said polypeptides Download PDFInfo
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- CA2126091C CA2126091C CA002126091A CA2126091A CA2126091C CA 2126091 C CA2126091 C CA 2126091C CA 002126091 A CA002126091 A CA 002126091A CA 2126091 A CA2126091 A CA 2126091A CA 2126091 C CA2126091 C CA 2126091C
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B69/00—Unpacking of articles or materials, not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/19—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
- A61K38/21—Interferons [IFN]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/38—Albumins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
- A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
- A61K47/642—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent the peptide or protein in the drug conjugate being a cytokine, e.g. IL2, chemokine, growth factors or interferons being the inactive part of the conjugate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
- A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
- A61K47/643—Albumins, e.g. HSA, BSA, ovalbumin or a Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin [KHL]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/06—Antianaemics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/575—Hormones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/745—Blood coagulation or fibrinolysis factors
- C07K14/755—Factors VIII, e.g. factor VIII C (AHF), factor VIII Ag (VWF)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/76—Albumins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/76—Albumins
- C07K14/765—Serum albumin, e.g. HSA
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
- C12N9/50—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25)
- C12N9/64—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25) derived from animal tissue
- C12N9/6421—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25) derived from animal tissue from mammals
- C12N9/6424—Serine endopeptidases (3.4.21)
- C12N9/6456—Plasminogen activators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/01—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif
- C07K2319/02—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif containing a signal sequence
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/31—Fusion polypeptide fusions, other than Fc, for prolonged plasma life, e.g. albumin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/33—Fusion polypeptide fusions for targeting to specific cell types, e.g. tissue specific targeting, targeting of a bacterial subspecies
Abstract
Novel biologically active polypeptides, preparation thereof and pharmaceutical compositions containing said polypeptides.
Description
I
NOVEL BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE POLYPEPTIDES, PREPARATION
THEREOF AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION CONTAINING
SAID POLYPEPTIDES
The present invention relates to new biologically active polypeptides, their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.
More particularly, the present invention relates to essentially recombinant polypeptides composed of an active part derived from a natural or artificial polypeptide having a therapeutic activity and coupled to an albumin or to a variant of albumin. It is understood that the therapeutic activity of the polypeptides of the invention can be either direct (treatment of diseases), or indirect (and for example capable of being used in the prevention of diseases, in the design of vaccines, in medical imaging techniques and the like).
It is understood in the following text that the albumin variants designate any protein with a high plasma half-life which is obtained by modification (mutation, deletion and/or addition), by genetic engineering techniques, of a gene encoding a given isomorph of human serum albumin, as well as any macromolecule with a high plasma half-life obtained by in vitro modification of the protein encoded by such genes. Albumin being highly polymorphic, numerous natural variants have been identified and classified Weitkamp L. R. et al., [Ann. Hum. Genet. 37 (1973) 219].
The aim of the present invention is to prepare artificial proteins which are biologically active and can be used pharmaceutically. Indeed, numerous polypeptides possessing one or more potential therapeutic activities cannot be exploited pharmaceutically. This may have various reasons, such as especially their low stability in vivo, their complex or fragile structure, the difficulty of producing them on an industrially acceptable scale and the like. Likewise, some polypeptides do not give the expected results in vivo because of problems of administration, of packaging, of pharmacokinetics and the like.
NOVEL BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE POLYPEPTIDES, PREPARATION
THEREOF AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION CONTAINING
SAID POLYPEPTIDES
The present invention relates to new biologically active polypeptides, their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.
More particularly, the present invention relates to essentially recombinant polypeptides composed of an active part derived from a natural or artificial polypeptide having a therapeutic activity and coupled to an albumin or to a variant of albumin. It is understood that the therapeutic activity of the polypeptides of the invention can be either direct (treatment of diseases), or indirect (and for example capable of being used in the prevention of diseases, in the design of vaccines, in medical imaging techniques and the like).
It is understood in the following text that the albumin variants designate any protein with a high plasma half-life which is obtained by modification (mutation, deletion and/or addition), by genetic engineering techniques, of a gene encoding a given isomorph of human serum albumin, as well as any macromolecule with a high plasma half-life obtained by in vitro modification of the protein encoded by such genes. Albumin being highly polymorphic, numerous natural variants have been identified and classified Weitkamp L. R. et al., [Ann. Hum. Genet. 37 (1973) 219].
The aim of the present invention is to prepare artificial proteins which are biologically active and can be used pharmaceutically. Indeed, numerous polypeptides possessing one or more potential therapeutic activities cannot be exploited pharmaceutically. This may have various reasons, such as especially their low stability in vivo, their complex or fragile structure, the difficulty of producing them on an industrially acceptable scale and the like. Likewise, some polypeptides do not give the expected results in vivo because of problems of administration, of packaging, of pharmacokinetics and the like.
The present invention makes it possible to overcome these disadvantages. The present invention indeed provides new molecules which permit an optimal therapeutic exploitation of the biological properties of these polypeptides. The present invention results especially from the demonstration that it is possible to couple genetically any active structure derived from a biologically active polypeptide to another protein structure consisting of albumin, without impairing the said biological properties thereof. It also results from the demonstration by the Applicant that human serum albumin makes it possible efficiently to present the active structure to its sites for interaction, and that it provides a high plasma stability for the polypeptide of the invention. The polypeptides of the invention thus make it possible to maintain, in the body, a given biological activity for a prolonged period. They thus make it possible to reduce the administered doses and, in some cases, to potentiate the therapeutic effect, for example by reducing the side effects following a higher administration. The polypeptides of the invention make it possible, in addition, to generate and to use structures derived from biologically active polypeptides which are very small and therefore very specific for a desired effect. It is understood that the peptides having a biological activity, which are of therapeutic interest, may also correspond to non-natural peptide sequences isolated for example from random peptide libraries.
The polypeptides of the invention possess, moreover, a particularly advantageous distribution in the body, which modifies their pharmacokinetic properties and favours the development of their biological activity and their use. In addition, they also have the advantage of being weakly or non-immunogenic for the organism in which they are used. Finally, the polypeptides of the invention can be expressed (and preferentially secreted) by recombinant organisms, at levels permitting their industrial exploitation.
One subject of the present invention therefore relates to polypeptides containing an active part derived from a polypeptide having a therapeutic activity, coupled to an albumir.i or a variant of albumin.
The polypeptides of the invention possess, moreover, a particularly advantageous distribution in the body, which modifies their pharmacokinetic properties and favours the development of their biological activity and their use. In addition, they also have the advantage of being weakly or non-immunogenic for the organism in which they are used. Finally, the polypeptides of the invention can be expressed (and preferentially secreted) by recombinant organisms, at levels permitting their industrial exploitation.
One subject of the present invention therefore relates to polypeptides containing an active part derived from a polypeptide having a therapeutic activity, coupled to an albumir.i or a variant of albumin.
In a specific embodiment, the peptides possessing a therapeutic activity are not of human origin. For example, there may be mentioned peptides, or their derivatives, possessing properties which are potentially useful in the pathologies of the blood and interstitial compartments, such as hirudin, trigramine, antistatine, tick anticoagulant peptides (TAP), arietin, applagin and the like.
More particularly, in the molecules of the invention, the polypeptide having a therapeutic activity is a polypeptide of human origin or a molecular variant. For example, this may be all or part of an enzyme, an enzyme inhibitor, an antigen, an antibody, a hormone, a factor involved in the control of coagulation, an interferon, a cytokine [the interleukins, but also their variants which are natural antagonists of their binding to the receptor(s), the SIS (small induced secreted) type cytokines and for example the macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIPs), and the like], of a growth factor and/or of differentiation [and for example the transformant growth factors (TGFs), the blood cell differentiation factors (erythropoietin, M-CSF, G-CSF, GM-CSF and the like), insulin and the growth factors resembling it (IGFs), or alternatively cell permeability factors (VPF/VEGF), and the like], of a factor involved in the genesis/resorption of bone tissues (OIF and osteospontin for example), of a factor involved in cellular motility or migration [and for example autocrine motility factor (AMF), migration stimulating factor (MSF), or alternatively the scatter factor (scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor)], of a bactericidal or antifungal factor, of a chemotactic factor and for example platelet factor 4 (PF4), or alternatively the monocyte chemoattracting peptides (MCP/MCAF) or neutrophil chemoattracting peptides (NCAF), and the like, of a cytostatic factor (and for example the proteins which bind to galactosides), of a plasma (and for example von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen and the like) or interstitial (laminin, tenascin, vitronectin and the like) adhesive molecule or extracellular matrices, or alternatively any peptide sequence which is an antagonist or agonist of molecular and/or intercellular interactions involved in the pathologies of the circulatory and interstitial compartments and for example the formation of arterial and venous thrombi, cancerous metastases, tumour angiogenesis, inflammatory shock, autoimmune diseases, bone and osteoarticular pathologies and the like.
The active part of the polypeptides of the invention may consist for example of the polypeptide having a whole therapeutic activity, or of a structure derived therefrom, or alternatively of a non-natural polypeptide isolated from a peptide library. For the purposes of the present invention, a derived structure is understood to mean any polypeptide obtained by modification and preserving a therapeutic activity. Modification should be understood to mean any mutation, substitution, deletion, addition or modification of genetic and/or chemical nature.
Such derivatives may be generated for various reasons, such as especially that of increasing the affinity of the molecule for its binding sites, that of improving its levels of production, that of increasing its resistance to proteases, that of increasing its therapeutic efficacy or alternatively of reducing its side effects, or that of conferring on it new biological properties. As an example, the chimeric polypeptides of the invention possess pharmacokinetic properties and a biological activity which can be used for the prevention or treatment of diseases.
Particularly advantageous polypeptides of the invention are those in which the active part has:
(a) the whole peptide structure or, (b) a structure derived from (a) by structural modification (mutation, substitution addition and/or deletion of one or more residues) and possessing a therapeutic activity.
Among the structures of the (b) type, there may be mentioned more particularly the molecules in which certain N- or 0-glycosylation sites have been modified or suppressed, the molecules in which one or more residues have been substituted, or the molecules in which all the cystein residues have been substituted. There may also be mentioned molecules obtained from (a) by deletion of regions not involved or not highly involved in the interaction with the binding sites considered, or expressing an undesirable activity, and molecules containing, compared to (a), additional residues such as for example an N-terminal methionine and/or a signal for secretion and/or a joining peptide.
The active part of the molecules of the invention can be coupled either directly or via an artificial peptide to albumin. Furthermore, it may constitute the N-terminal end as well as the C-terminal end of the molecule. Preferably, in the molecules of the invention, the active part constitutes the C-terminal part of the chimera. It is also understood that the biologically active part may be repetitive within the chimera. A schematic representation of the molecules of the invention is given in FIG. 1.
Another subject of the invention relates to a process for preparing the chimeric molecules described above. More specifically, this process consists in causing a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cellular host to express a nucleotide sequence encoding the desired polypeptide, and then in harvesting the polypeptide produced.
Among the eukaryotic hosts which can be used within the framework of the present invention, there may be mentioned animal cells, yeasts or fungi. In particular, as regards yeasts, there may be mentioned yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces, Pichia, Schwanniomyces, or Hansenula. As regards animal cells, there may be mentioned COS, CHO and C127 cells and the like. Among the fungi capable of being used in the present invention, there may be mentioned more particularly Aspergillus spp, or Trichoderma spp. As prokaryotic hosts, the use of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, or belonging to the genera Corynebacterium, Bacillus, or Streptomyces is preferred.
The nucleotide sequences which can be used within the framework of the present invention can be prepared in various ways. Generally, they are obtained by assembling, in reading phase, the sequences encoding each of the functional parts of the polypeptide. The latter may be isolated by the techniques of persons skilled in the art, and for example directly from cellular messenger RNAs (mRNAs), or by recloning from a complementary DNA (cDNA) library, or alternatively they may be completely synthetic nucleotide sequences. It is understood, furthermore, that the nucleotide sequences may also be subsequently modified, for example by the techniques of genetic engineering, in order to obtain derivatives or variants of the said sequences.
More preferably, in the process of the invention, the nucleotide sequence is part of an expression cassette comprising a region for initiation of transcription (promoter region) permitting, in the host cells, the expression of the nucleotide sequence placed under its control and encoding the polypeptides of the invention. This region may come from promoter regions of genes which are highly expressed in the host cell used, the expression being constitutive or regulatable. As regards yeasts, it may be the promoter of the gene for phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD), lactase (LAC4), enolases (ENO), alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH), and the like. As regards bacteria, it may be the promoter of the right-hand or left-hand genes from the lambda bacteriophage (PL, PR), or alternatively the promoters of the genes for the tryptophan (Pt,r) or lactose (Plaj operons. In addition, this control region can be modified, for example by in vitro mutagenesis, by the introduction of additional control elements or of synthetic sequences, or by deletions or substitutions of the original control elements. The expression cassette may also comprise a region for termination of transcription which is functional in the host envisaged, positioned immediately downstream of the nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide of the invention.
In a preferred mode, the polypeptides of the invention result from the expression, in a eukaryotic or prokaryotic host, of a nucleotide sequence and from the secretion of the product of expression of the said sequence into the culture medium. It is indeed particularly advantageous to be able to obtain, by the recombinant route, nlolecules directly in the culture medium. In this case, the nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide of the invention is preceded by a "leader" sequence (or signal sequence) directing the nascent polypeptide in the secretory pathways of the host used. This "leader" sequence may be the natural signal sequence of the biologically active polypeptide in the case where the latter is a naturally secreted protein, or that of the stabilizing structure, but it may also be any other functional "leader" sequence, or an artificial "leader" sequence.
The choice of one or the other of these sequences is especially guided by the host used.
Examples of functional signal sequences include those of the genes for the sexual pheromones or the "killer" toxins of yeasts.
In addition to the expression cassette, one or several markers which make it possible to select the recombinant host may be added, such as for example the URA3 gene from the yeast S. cerevisiae, or genes conferring the resistance to antibiotics such as geneticin (G418) or to any other toxic compound such as certain metal ions.
The unit formed by the expression cassette and by the selectable marker can be introduced directly into the considered host cells, or previously inserted in a functional self-replicating vector. In the first case, sequences homologous to regions present in the genome of the host cells are preferably added to this unit; the said sequences then being positioned on each side of the expression cassette and of the selectable gene so as to increase the frequency of integration of the unit into the genome of the host by targeting the integration of the sequences by homologous recombination. In the case where the expression cassette is inserted in a replicative system, a preferred replication system for yeasts of the genus Kluyveromyces is derived from the plasmid pKDI originally isolated from K.
drosophilarum; a preferred replication system for yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces is derived from the 2 plasmid from S. cerevisiae. Furthermore, this expression plasmid may contain all or part of the said replication systems, or may combine elements derived both from the plasmid pKDI and the 2 plasmid.
In addition, the expression plasmids may be shuttle vectors between a bacterial host such as Escherichia coli and the chosen host cell. In this case, a replication origin and a selectable marker functioning in the bacterial host are required. It is also possible to position restriction sites surrounding the bacterial and unique sequences on the expression vector: this makes it possible to suppress these sequences by cutting and religation in vitro of the truncated vector before transformation of the host cells, which may result in an increase in the number of copies and in an increased stability of the expression plasmids in the said hosts. For example, such restriction sites may correspond to sequences such as 5'-GGCCNNNNNGGCC-3' (Sfil) or 5'-GCGGCCGC-3' (Notl) in so far as these sites are extremely rare and generally absent from an expression vector.
After construction of such vectors or expression cassette, the latter are introduced into the host cells selected according to the conventional techniques described in the literature. In this respect, any method permitting the introduction of a foreign DNA into a cell can be used. This may be especially transformation, electroporation, conjugation, or any other technique known to persons skilled in the art. As an example of yeast-type hosts, the various strains of Kluyveromyces used were transformed by treating the whole cells in the presence of lithium acetate and polyethylene glycol, according to the technique described by Ito et al. [J.
Bacteriol.
153 (1983) 163]. The transformation technique described by Durrens et al.
[Curr.
Genet. 18 (1990) 7] using ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulphoxide was also used.
It is also possible to transform the yeasts by electroporation, according to the method described by Karube et al. [FEBS Letters 182 (1985) 90]. An alternative procedure is also described in detail in the examples below.
After selection of the transformed cells, the cells expressing the said polypeptides are inoculated and the recovery of the said polypeptides can be carried out, either during the cell growth for the "continuous" processes, or at the end of growth for the "batch" cultures. The polypeptides which are the subject of the present invention are then purified from the culture supernatant for their molecular, pharmacokinetic and biological characterization.
A preferred expression system for the polypeptides of the invention consists in using yeasts of the genus Kluyveromyces as host cell, transformed by certain vectors derived from the extrachromosomal replicon pKD 1 originally isolated from K. marxianus var. drosophilarum. These yeasts, and in particular K.
lactis and K. fragilis are generally capable of stably replicating the said vectors and possess, in addition, the advantage of being included in the list of G.R.A.S.
("Generally Recognized As Safe") organisms. Favoured yeasts are preferably industrial yeasts of the genus Kluyveromyces which are capable of stably replicating the said plasmids derived from the plasmid pKDI and in which has been inserted a selectable marker as well as an expression cassette permitting the secretion, at high levels, of the polypeptides of the invention.
The present invention also relates to the nucleotide sequences encoding the chimeric polypeptides described above, as well as the eukaryotic or prokaryotic recombinant cells comprising such sequences.
The present invention also relates to the application, as medicinal products, of the polypeptides according to the present invention. More particularly, the subject of the invention is any pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more polypeptides or nucleotide sequences as described above. The nucleotide sequences can indeed be used in gene therapy.
The present invention will be more fully described with the aid of the following examples, which should be considered as illustrative and non-limiting.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The representations of the plasmids indicated in the following figures are not plotted to scale and only the restriction sites important for the understanding of the clonings carried out have been indicated.
Figure 1: Schematic representation of the chimera of the HSA-PEPTIDE type (A), a chimera of the PEPTIDE-HSA type (B) and a chimera of the PEPTIDE-HSA-PEPTIDE type (C). Abbreviations used: M/LP, translational initiator methionine residue, optionally followed by a signal sequence for secretion;
HSA, mature albumin or one of its molecular variants; PEP, peptide of natural or artificial origin possessing a given therapeutic property. The PEP sequence may be present several times in the molecules of type A, B and C. The black arrow indicates the N-terminal end of the mature protein.
Figure 2: Examples of the nucleotide sequence of a HindIll restriction fragment encoding a chimeric protein of the prepro-HSA-PEPTIDE type. The black arrows indicate the end of the "pre" and "pro" regions of HSA. The MstII
restriction site is underlined and the codon specifying the termination of translation is in bold characters.
Figure 3: Restriction map for the plasmid pYG105 and generic strategy for construction of the plasmids for expression of the chimeric proteins of the present invention. Abbreviations used: P, transcriptional promoter; T, transcriptional terminator; IR, inverted repeat sequences of the plasmid pKDI;
LP, signal sequence for secretion; Apr and Kmr designate the genes for resistance to ampicillin (E. coli) and to G418 (yeasts), respectively.
Figure 4: Examples of nucleotide sequences of MstII-HindIII
restriction fragments derived from the von Willebrand factor. Representation of the structure of the Mstll-Hindlll fragment of the plasmid pYG1248 (panel A).
Representation of the structure of the Mstll-Hindlll fragment of the plasmid pYG1214 (panel B). Representation of the Mstll-Hindlll fragment of the plasmid pYG1206 (panel C); in this particular chimera, the Leu694 residue of the vWF
is also the last residue (Leu585) of the HSA. Representation of the Mstll-Hindlll fragment of the plasmid pYG1223 (panel D). The numbering of the amino acids corresponds to the numbering of the mature vWF according to Titani et al.
[Biochemistry 25 (1986) 3171-3184]. The Mstll and HindIII restriction sites are underlined and the translation termination codon is in bold characters. FIG.
4E is a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:3) of the Mstll-Hindlll restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG1248. The numbering of the amino acids (right-hand column) corresponds to the mature chimeric protein HSA-vWF470-*713 (829 residues).
The Thr470, Leu494, Asp498, Pro502, Tyr508, Leu694, Pro704 and Pro708 residues of the mature vWF are underlined.
Figure 5: The characterization of the material secreted after 4 days of culture (Erlenmeyers) of the strain CBS 293.91 transformed with the plasmids pYG1248 (plasmid for expression of a chimera of the HSA-vWF Thr470->Va1713) and pKan707 (control plasmid). In this experiment, the polypeptides for panels A, B and C were run on the same gel (8.5% SDS-PAGE) and then treated separately.
A: the results of Coomassie blue staining of a molecular weight standard (lane 2); of a supernatant equivalent to 50 l of the culture transformed with the plasmid pKan707 in YPL medium (lane 1); the plasmid pYG 1248 in YPD medium (lane 3) and the plasmid pYG 1248 in YPL medium (lane 4).
B: the results of immunological characterization of the secreted material after using mouse antibodies directed against human vWF. The lanes are the same as described for FIG. 5A except that biotinylated molecular weight standards were used (lane 2).
C: the results of immunological characterization of the secreted material after using rabbit antibodies directed against human albumin: supernatant equivalent to 50 l of the culture transformed with the plasmid pKan707 in YPL
medium (lane 1), the plasmid pYG1248 in YPD medium (lane 2) the plasmid pYG1248 in YPL medium (lane 3).
Figure 6: The kinetic analysis of secretion of a chimera of the invention by the strain CBS 293.91 transformed with the plasmid pYG1206 (HSA-vWF Leu694-Pro708).
A: Coomassie blue staining was employed. Lane 1 is the molecular weight standard, lane 2 is the supernatant equivalent to 2.5 l of a "Fed Batch"
culture in YPD medium after 24 hours of growth; lane 3 is the supernatant of the same culture after 40 hours; and lane 4 is the supernatant of the same culture after 46 hours of growth.
B: immunological characterization of the secreted material after using mouse antibodies directed against the human vWF. The lanes are the same as in A
except that biotinylated molecular weight standards were used.
Figure 7: Characterization of the material secreted by K. lactis transformed with the plasmids pKan707 (control plasmid, lane 2), pYG 1206 (lane 3), pYG1214 (lane 4) and pYG1223 (lane 5); molecular weight standard (lane 1).
The deposits correspond to 50 l of supernatant from a stationary culture after growing in YPD medium, running on an 8.5% acrylamide gel and staining with Coomassie blue.
Figure 8: Nucleotide sequence of the MstI1-Hindlll restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG1341 (HSA-UK1--),135). The limit of the EGF-like domain (UK1-46) present in the MstII-Hindlll restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG1340 is indicated. The numbering of the amino acids corresponds to the mature chimeric protein SAU-UK1- 135 (720 residues).
Figure 9: Secretion of the HSA-UK1-46 and HSA-UK1-135 chimeras by the strain CBS 293.91 respectively transformed with the plasmids pYG1343 (HSA-UKI-46) and pYG1345 (HSA-UK1-135), after 4 days of growth (YPL+G418 medium). The deposits (equivalent to 50 l of culture) are run on an 8.5% PAGE-SDS gel and stained with Coomassie blue: supernatant from a clone transformed with the plasmids pKan707 (lane 1), pYG1343 (lane 3) or pYG1345 (lane 4); molecular weight standard (lane 2).
Figure 10: Nucleotide sequence of the MstII-Hindlll restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG1259 (HSA-G.CSF). The limit of the G-CSF part (174 residues) is indicated. The Apal and Sstl (Sstl) restriction sites are underlined. The numbering of the amino acids corresponds to the mature chimeric protein HSA-G.CSF (759 residues).
Figure 11: The nucleotide sequence of the HindIII restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG1301 (chimera G.CSF-Gly4 -HSA). The black arrows indicate the end of the "pre" and "pro" regions of HSA. The Apal, Sstl (SacI) and MstIl restriction sites are underlined. The G.CSF (174 residues) and HSA (585 residues) domains are separated by the synthetic linker GGGG. The numbering of the amino acids corresponds to the mature chimeric protein G.CSF-Gly4-SAH (763 residues).
The nucleotide sequence between the translation termination codon and the HindIIl site comes from the HSA complementary DNA (cDNA) as described in Patent Application EP 361 991.
Figure 12: The characterization of the material secreted after 4 days of culture (erlenmeyers) of the strain CBS 293.91 transformed with the plasmids pYG1266 (plasmid for expression of a chimera of the HSA-G.CSF type) and pKan707 (control plasmid). In this experiment, the polypeptides for panels A, B
and C were run on the same gel (8.5% SDS-PAGE) and then treated separately.
A: coomassie blue staining of a molecular weight standard (lane 2);
supernatant equivalent to 100 l of culture transformed with the plasmid pKan707 in YPL medium (lane 1); the plasmid pYG1266 in YPD medium (lane 3) and the plasmid pYG 1266 in YPL medium (lane 4).
B: immunological characterization of the material secreted after using primary antibodies directed against human G-CSF. The lanes are as described above for A.
C: immunological characterization of the material secreted after using primary antibodies directed against human albumin. The lanes are as described above for A.
Figure 13: Characterization of the material secreted after 4 days of culture (erlenmeyers in YPD medium) of the strain CBS 293.91 transformed with the plasmids pYG1267 (chimera HSA-G.CSF), pYG1303 (chimera G.CSF-Gly4-HSA) and pYG1352 (chimera HSA-G1y4-G.CSF) after running on an 8.5% SDS-PAGE gel.
A: coomassie blue staining of a supernatant equivalent to 100 l of the culture transformed with the plasmid pYG1303 (lane 1), the plasmid pYG1267 (lane 2), and the plasmid pYG1352 (lane 3). Lane 4 is the molecular weight standard.
B: immunological characterization of the material secreted after using primary antibodies directed against the human G-CSF: same legend as in A.
Figure 14: Nucleotide sequence of the MstII-HindIIl restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG1382 (HSA-Fv'). The VH (124 residues) and VL (107 residues) domains of the Fv' fragment are separated by the synthetic linker (GGGGS)x3. The numbering of the amino acids corresponds to the mature chimeric protein HSA-Fv' (831 residues).
Figure 15: Characterization of the secretion of the chimera HSA-Fv' by the strain CBS 293.91 transformed with the plasmid pYG1383 (LAC4) after 4 days of growth in erlenmeyers at 28 C. in YPD medium (lane 2), and in YPL medium (lane 3). Lane 1 shows the molecular weight standard. The deposits, equivalent to 200 1 of culture (precipitation with ethanol), are run on a PAGE-SDS gel (8.5%).
A: coomassie blue staining of the gel.
B: immunological characterization of the material secreted after using primary antibodies directed against HSA.
Figure 16: Assay of the in vitro antagonistic activity of the agglutination of human platelets fixed with formaldehyde: IC50 of the hybrids HSA-vWF694-708, [HSA-vWF470-713 C471G, C474G] and [HSA-vWF470-704 C471G, C474G] compared with the standard RG12986. The determination of the dose-dependent inhibition of the platelet agglutination is carried out according to the method described by C. Prior et al. [Bio/Technology (1992) 10 66] using an aggregameter recording the variations in optical transmission, with stirring, at 37 C. in the presence of human vWF, botrocetin (8.2 mg/ml) of the test product at various dilutions. The concentration of the product which makes it possible to inhibit the control agglutination (in the absence of product) by half is then determined (IC50).
Figure 17: Activity on the in vitro cellular proliferation of the murine line NFS60. The radioactivity (3H-thymidine) incorporated into the cellular nuclei after 6 hours of incubation is represented on the y-axis (cpm); the quantity of product indicated on the x-axis is expressed in molarity (arbitrary units).
Figure 18: Activity on granulopoiesis in vivo in rats. The number of neutrophils (average for 7 animals) is indicated on the y-axis as a function of time.
The products tested are the chimera HSA-G.CSF (pYG1266), 4 or 40 mg/rat/day), the reference G-CSF (10 mg/rat/day), the recombinant HSA purified from Kluyveromyces lactis supernatant (HSA, 30 mg/rat/day, cf. EP 361 991), or physiological saline.
EXAMPLES
GENERAL CLONING TECHNIQUES
The methods conventionally used in molecular biology, such as the preparative extractions of plasmid DNA, the centrifugation of plasmid DNA in caesium chloride gradient, electrophoresis on agarose or acrylamide gels, purification of DNA fragments by electroelution, extractions of proteins with phenol or phenol-chloroform, DNA precipitation in saline medium with ethanol or isopropanol, transformation in Escherichia coli, and the like are well known to persons skilled in the art and are widely described in the literature [Maniatis T. et al., "Molecular Cloning, a Laboratory Manual", Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1982; Ausubel F. M. et al. (eds), "Current Protocols in Molecular Biology", John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1987].
The restriction enzymes were provided by New England Biolabs (Biolabs), Bethesda Research Laboratories (BRL) or Amersham and are used according to the recommendations of the suppliers.
The pBR322 and pUC type plasmids and the phages of the M13 series are of commercial origin (Bethesda Research Laboratories).
For the ligations, the DNA fragments are separated according to their size by electrophoresis on agarose or acrylamide gels, extracted with phenol or with a phenol/chloroform mixture, precipitated with ethanol and then incubated in the presence of phage T4 DNA ligase (Biolabs) according to the recommendations of the manufacturer.
The filling of the protruding 5' ends is carried out by the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I of E. coli (Biolabs) according to the specifications of the supplier. The destruction of the protruding 3' ends is carried out in the presence of phage T4 DNA polymerase (Biolabs) used according to the recommendations of the manufacturer. The destruction of the protruding 5' ends is carried out by a controlled treatment with S 1 nuclease.
Site-directed mutagenesis in vitro with synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides is carried out according to the method developed by Taylor et al. [Nucleic Acids Res. 13 (1985) 8749-8764] using the kit distributed by Amersham.
The enzymatic amplification of DNA fragments by the so-called PCR technique Polymerase-catalyzed Chain Reaction, [Saiki R. K. et al., Science 230 (1985) 1350-1354; Mullis K. B. and Faloona F. A., Meth. Enzym. 155 (1987) 335-350] is carried out using a "DNA thermal cycler" (Perkin Elmer Cetus) according to the specifications of the manufacturer.
The verification of the nucleotide sequences is carried out by the method developed by Sanger et al. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 74 (1977) 5467] using the kit distributed by Amersham.
The transformations of K. lactis with DNA from the plasmids for expression of the proteins of the present invention are carried out by any technique known to persons skilled in the art, and of which an example is given in the text.
Except where otherwise stated, the bacterial strains used are E. coli MC1060 (lacIPOZYA, X74, galU, galK, strA`), or E. coli TG1 (lac, proA,B, supE, thi, hsdD5/FtraD36, proA+ B+, IacI9, lacZ, M15).
The yeast strains used belong to the budding yeasts and more particularly to yeasts of the genus Kluyveromyces. The K. lactis MW98-8C (a, uraA, arg, lys, K, pKD1 ) and K. lactis CBS 293.91 strain were particularly used;
a sample of the MW98-8C strain was deposited on 16 Sep. 1988 at Centraalbureau voor Schimmelkulturen (CBS) at Baarn (the Netherlands) where it was registered under the number CBS 579.88.
A bacterial strain (E. coli) transformed with the plasmid pET-8c52K
was deposited on 17 Apr. 1990 with the American Type Culture Collection under the number ATCC 68306.
The yeast strains transformed with the expression plasmids encoding the proteins of the present invention are cultured in erlenmeyers or in 21 pilot fermenters (SETRIC, France) at 28 C. in rich medium (YPD: 1% yeast extract, 2%
Bactopeptone, 2% glucose; or YPL: 1% yeast extract, 2% Bactopeptone, 2%
lactose) with constant stirring.
EXAMPLE 1: COUPLING AT THE C-TERMINUS OF HSA
The plasmid pYG404 is described in Patent Application EP 361 991.
This plasmid contains a HindIII restriction fragment encoding the prepro-HSA
gene preceded by the 21 nucleotides naturally present immediately upstream of the initiator ATG for translation of the PGK gene of S. cerevisiae. The nucleotide sequence of this restriction fragment is included in that of FIG. 2. The Mstll site localized in the coding sequence, three residues from the codon specifying the end of translation is particularly useful as site for cloning a biologically active peptide which it is desired to couple in translational phase at the C-terminus of HSA.
In a specific embodiment, it is useful to use peptides whose sequence is encoded by an MstIl-Hindlll restriction fragment of the type: 5'-CCTTAGGCTTA [3xN]P
TAAGCTT-3', the sequence encoding the biologically active peptide (p residues) is [3xN]P). The ligation of this fragment to the HindIll-MstII restriction fragment corresponding to the entire gene encoding HSA, with the exception of the three C-terminal-most amino acids (leucine-glycine-leucine residues) generates a HindIII
restriction fragment containing a hybrid gene encoding a chimeric protein of the HSA-PEPTIDE type (FIG. 1, panel A), immediately preceded by the "prepro"
export region of HSA. In another embodiment, the biologically active peptide may be present more than once in the chimera.
EXAMPLE 2: COUPLING AT THE N-TERMINUS OF HSA
In a specific embodiment, the combined techniques of site-directed mutagenesis and PCR amplification make it possible to construct hybrid genes encoding a chimeric protein resulting from the translational coupling between a signal peptide (and for example the prepro region of HSA), a sequence including the biologically active peptide and the mature form of HSA or one of its molecular variants. These hybrid genes are preferably bordered in 5' of the translational initiator ATG and in 3' of the translational stop codon by HindIII restriction sites and encode chimeric proteins of the PEPTIDE-HSA type (FIG. 1, panel B). In a still more specific embodiment, the biologically active peptide may be present more than once in the chimera.
EXAMPLE 3: COUPLING AT THE N- AND C-TERMINUS OF HSA
The combined techniques of site-directed mutagenesis and PCR
amplification described in Examples 1 and 2 make it possible to construct hybrid genes encoding a chimeric protein resulting from the translational coupling between the mature form of HSA, or one of its molecular variants, and a biologically active peptide coupled to the N- and C-terminal ends of HSA.
These hybrid genes are preferably bordered in 5' of the translational initiator ATG
and in 3' of the translational stop codon by Hindlll restriction sites and encode chimeric proteins of the PEPTIDE-HSA-PEPTIDE type (FIG. 1, panel C), immediately preceded by the "prepro" export region of HSA. In a still more specific embodiment, the biologically active peptide may be present more than once in the chimera.
EXAMPLE 4: EXPRESSION PLASMIDS
The chimeric proteins of the preceding examples can be expressed in yeasts using functional, regulatable or constitutive promoters such as, for example, those present in the plasmids pYG105 (LAC4 promoter of Kluyveromyces lactis), pYG106 (PGK promoter of Saccharomyces cerevisiae), pYG536 (PHO5 promoter of S. cerevisiae), or hybrid promoters such as those described in Patent Application EP 361 991. The plasmids pYG105 and pYG106 are particularly useful here because they permit the expression of the genes encoded by the HindIII
restriction fragments as described in the preceding examples and cloned into the HindIII site and in the productive orientation (defined as the orientation which places the "prepro" region of albumin proximally relative to the promoter for transcription), using promoters which are functional in K. lactis, regulatable (pYG105) or constitutive (pYG106). The plasmid pYG105 corresponds to the plasmid pKan707 described in Patent Application EP 361 991 in which the HindIII
restriction site which is unique and localized in the gene for resistance to geneticin (G418) has been destroyed by site-directed mutagenesis while preserving an unchanged protein (oligodeoxynucleotide 5'-GAAA-TGCATAAGCTCTTGCCATTCTCACCG-3'). The Sall-Sacl fragment encoding the URA3 gene of the mutated plasmid was then replaced with a Sall-SacI
restriction fragment containing an expression cassette consisting of the LAC4 promoter of K. lactis (in the form of a SalI-HindIII fragment) and the terminator of the PGK gene of S. cerevisiae (in the form of a HindIII-Sac1 fragment). The plasmid pYG105 is mitotically very stable in the Kluyveromyces yeasts and a restriction map thereof is given in FIG. 3. The plasmids pYG105 and pYG106 differ from each other only in the nature of the promoter for transcription encoded by the SalI-HindI1I fragment.
EXAMPLE 5: TRANSFORMATION OF THE YEASTS
The transformation of the yeasts belonging to the genus Kluyveromyces, and in particular the strains MW98-8C and CBS 293.91 of K.
lactis is carried out for example by the technique for treating whole cells with lithium acetate Ito H. et al., [J. Bacteriol. 153 (1983) 163-168], adapted as follows.
The growth of the cells is carried out at 28 C. in 50 ml of YPD medium, with stirring and up to an optical density of 600 nm (OD600) of between 0.6 and 0.8; the cells are harvested by centrifugation at low speed, washed in a sterile solution of TE
(10 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4; 1 mM EDTA), resuspended in 3-4 ml of lithium acetate (0.1M in TE) in order to obtain a cellular density of about 2 x 108 cells/ml, and then incubated at 30 C. for 1 hour with moderate stirring. Aliquots of 0.1 ml of the resulting suspension of competent cells are incubated at 30 C. for 1 hour in the presence of DNA and at a final concentration of 35% polyethylene glycol (PEG4000, Sigma). After a heat shock of 5 minutes at 42 C., the cells are washed twice, resuspended in 0.2 ml of sterile water and incubated for 16 hours at 28 C. in 2 ml of YPD medium in order to permit the phenotypic expression of the gene for resistance to G418 expressed under the control of the Pkl promoter (cf. EP 361 991); 200 l of the cellular suspension are then plated on selective YPD
dishes (G418, 200 g/ml). The dishes are incubated at 28 C. and the transformants appear after 2 to 3 days of cell growth.
EXAMPLE 6:SECRETION OF THE CHIMERAS
After selection on rich medium supplemented with G418, the recombinant clones are tested for their capacity to secrete the mature form of the chimeric proteins. Few clones, corresponding to the strain CBS 293.91 or MW98-8C transformed by the plasmids for expression of the chimeras between HSA and the biologically active part, are incubated in YPD or YPL medium at 28 C. The cellular supernatants are recovered by centrifugation when the cells reach the stationary growth phase, optionally concentrated 10 times by precipitation for minutes at -20 C. in a final concentration of 60% ethanol, and then tested after electrophoresis on an 8.5% SDS-PAGE gel, either directly by staining the gel with coomassie blue, or after immunoblotting using primary antibodies directed against the biologically active part or a rabbit polyclonal serum directed against HSA.
During the experiments for immunological detection, the nitrocellulose filter is first incubated in the presence of specific primary antibodies, washed several times, incubated in the presence of goat antibodies directed against the primary antibodies, and then incubated in the presence of an avidin-peroxidase complex using the "ABC kit" distributed by Vectastain (Biosys S. A., Compiegne, France). The immunological reaction is then revealed by the addition of 3,3'-diamino benzidine tetrahydrochloride (Prolabo) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, according to the recommendations of the manufacturer.
EXAMPLE 7: CHIMERAS DERIVED FROM THE VON WILLEBRAND
FACTOR
E.7.1. Fragments Antagonizing the Binding of vWF to the Platelets E.7.1.1. Thr470-Va1713 Residues of vWF
The plasmid pET-8c52K contains a fragment of the vWF cDNA encoding residues 445 to 733 of human vWF and therefore includes several crucial determinants of the interaction between vWF and the platelets on the one hand, and certain elements of the basal membrane and the sub-endothelial tissue on the other, and especially the peptides G10 and D5 which antagonize the interaction between vWF and GPIb Mori H. et al., [J. Biol. Chem. 263 (1988) 17901-17904]. This peptide sequence is identical to the corresponding sequence described by Titani et al. [Biochemistry 25, (1986) 3171-3184]. The amplification of these genetic determinants can be carried out using the plasmid pET-8c52K, for example by the PCR amplification technique, using as primer oligodeoxynucleotides encoding contiguous residues localized on either side of the sequence to be amplified.
The amplified fragments are then cloned into vectors of the M 13 type for their verification by sequencing using either the universal primers situated on either side of the multiple cloning site, or oligodeoxynucleotides specific for the amplified region of the vWF gene of which the sequence of several isomorphs is known Sadler J. E. et al., [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 82 (1985) 6394-6398]; Verweij C.
L. et al., [EMBO J. 5 (1986) 1839-1847]; Shelton-Inloes B. B. et al., [Biochemistry (1986) 3164-3171]; Bonthron D. et al., [Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (1986) 7125-7127].
Thus, the PCR amplification of the plasmid pET-8c52K with the oligodeoxynucleotides 5'-CCCGGGATCCCTTAGGCTTAACCTGTGAAGCCTG
C-3' (Sq1969, the MstII site is underlined) and 5'-CCCGGGATCCAAGCTTA-GACTTGTGCCATGTCG-3' (Sq2029, the Hindlll site is underlined) generates an MstII-HindI1l restriction fragment including the Thr470 to Va1713 residues of vWF
(FIG. 4, panel E). The ligation of this fragment to the HindI1I-MstII
restriction fragment corresponding to the entire gene encoding HSA, with the exception of the three C-terminal most amino acids (cf. FIG. 2) generates a Hindlll restriction fragment containing a hybrid gene encoding a chimeric protein of the HSA-PEPTIDE type (FIG. 1, panel A), immediately preceded by the "prepro" export region of HSA. This restriction fragment is cloned in the productive orientation and into the Hindlll site of the plasmid pYG105, which generates the expression plasmid pYG 1248 (HSA-vWF470-713).
E.7.1.2. Molecular Variants:
In another embodiment, the binding site of vWF is a peptide including the Thr470 to Asp498 residues of the mature vWF. This sequence including the peptide G10 (Cys474-Pro488) described by Mori et al. [J. Biol. Chem. 263 (1988) 17901-17904] and capable of antagonizing the interaction of human vWF with the GPIb of the human platelets. The sequence corresponding to the peptide G10 is first included in an MstII-Hindlll restriction fragment (FIG. 4, panel B), for example by PCR amplification of the plasmid pET-8c52K with the oligodeoxynucleotides Sq1969 and 5'-CCCGGGATCCAAGCTTAGTCCTCCACATACAG-3' (Sq1970, the HindIII site is underlined), which generates an MstII-HindI11 restriction fragment including the peptide G 10, and whose sequence is: 5'-CCTTAGGCTTAACCTGTGAAGCCTGCCAGGAGCCGGGAGGCCTGGT-GGTGCCTCCCACAGATGCCCCGGTGAGCCCCACCACTCTGTA-TGTGGAGGACTAAGCTT-3' (the sequence encoding the peptide G10 is in bold characters). The ligation of this fragment to the Hindlll-Mstll restriction fragment corresponding to the entire gene encoding HSA, with the exception of the three C-terminal most amino acids (cf. FIG. 2) generates a HindIII restriction fragment containing a hybrid gene encoding a chimeric protein of the HSA-PEPTIDE type (FIG. 1, panel A), immediately preceded by the "prepro" export region of HSA.
This restriction fragment is cloned in the productive orientation into the HindIIl site of the plasmid pYG105, which generates the expression plasmid pYG1214.
In another embodiment, the site for binding of vWF to GPlb is directly designed with the aid of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides, and for example the oligodeoxynucleotides 5'-TTAGGCCTCTGTGACCTTGCCCCTGA-AG-CCCCTCCTCCTACTCTGCCCCCCTAAGCTTA-3' (SEQ ID NO:26) and 5'-GATCTAAG-CTTAGGGGGGCAGAGTAGGAGGAGGGGCTTCAGGG-GCAAGGTCACAGAGGCC-3' (SEQ ID NO:27). These oligodeoxynucleotides form, by pairing, a Mstll-Bg1Il restriction fragment including the MstII-Hindlll fragment (FIG. 4, panel C) corresponding to the peptide D5 defined by the Leu694 to Pro708 residues of vWF. The ligation of the MstII-HindIII fragment to the HindI1l-MstII restriction fragment corresponding to the entire gene encoding HSA
with the exception of the three C-terminal most amino acids (cf. FIG. 2) generates a Hindlll restriction fragment containing a hybrid gene encoding a chimeric protein of the HSA-PEPTIDE type (FIG. 1, panel A), immediately preceded by the "prepro" export region of HSA. This restriction fragment is cloned in the productive orientation into the Hindlll site of the plasmid pYG 105, which generates the expression plasmid pYG1206.
Useful variants of the plasmid pET-8c52K are deleted by site-directed mutagenesis between the peptides GIO and G5, for example sites for binding to collagen, and/or to heparin, and/or to botrocetin, and/or to sulphatides and/or to ristocetin. One example is the plasmid pMMB9 deleted by site-directed mutagenesis between the residues Cys509 and I1e662. The PCR amplification of this plasmid with the oligodeoxynucleotides Sq1969 and Sq2029 generates an Mstll-HindIIl restriction fragment (FIG. 4, panel D) including the Thr470 to Tyr508 and Arg663 to Va1713 residues and in particular the peptides G10 and D5 of vWF and deleted in particular of its site for binding to collagen localized between the residues G1u542 and Met622 Roth G. J. et al., [Biochemistry 25 (1986) 8357-8361]. The ligation of this fragment to the HindIII-Mst11 restriction fragment corresponding to the entire gene encoding HSA, with the exception of the three C-terminal most amino acids (cf. FIG. 2) generates a Hindlll restriction fragment containing a hybrid gene encoding a chimeric protein of the HSA-PEPTIDE type (FIG. 1, panel A), immediately preceded by the "prepro" export region of HSA.
This restriction fragment is cloned in the productive orientation into the Hindlll site of the plasmid pYG105, which generates the expression plasmid pYG1223.
In other embodiments, the use of combined techniques of site-directed mutagenesis and PCR amplification makes it possible to generate at will variants of the MstII-HindIIl restriction fragment of panel A of FIG. 4 but deleted of one or more sites for binding to sulphatides and/or to botrocetin and/or to heparin and/or to collagen, and/or substituted by any residue involved in the vWF-associated emergence of IIB type pathologies.
In other useful variants of the plasmid pET-8c52K, mutations are introduced, for example by site-directed mutagenesis, in order to replace or suppress all or part of the set of cysteines present at positions 471, 474, 509 and 695 of the human vWF. Specific examples are the plasmids p5E and p7E in which the cysteins present at positions 471 and 474, on the one hand, and at positions 471, 474, 509 and 695, on the other hand, have been respectively replaced by glycine residues. The PCR amplification of these plasmids with the oligodeoxynucleotides Sq2149 (5'-CCCGGGATCCCTTAGGCTTAACCGGTGAAGCCGGC-3' (SEQ ID
NO:28), the MstII site is underlined) and Sq2029 makes it possible to generate MstII-HindIlI restriction fragments including the Thr470 to Va1713 residues of the natural vWF with the exception that at least the cystein residues at positions and 474 were mutated to glycine residues. The ligation of these fragments to the HindIII-MstII restriction fragment corresponding to the entire gene encoding HSA
with the exception of the three C-terminal most amino acids (cf. FIG. 2) generates a HindIIl restriction fragment containing a hybrid gene encoding a chimeric protein of the HSA-PEPTIDE type (FIG. 1, panel A), immediately preceded by the "prepro" export region of HSA. These restriction fragments are cloned in the productive orientation into the HindIII site of the plasmid pYG105, which generates the expression plasmids pYG1283 (chimera HSA-vWF470-713, C471G, C474G) and pYG1279 (chimera HSA-vWF470-713, C471G, C474G, C509G, C695G).
Other particularly useful mutations affect at least one residue involved in vWF-associated type IIB pathologies (increase in the intrinsic affinity of vWF
for GP1b), such as the residues Arg543, Arg545, Trp550, Va1551, Va1553, Pro574 or Arg578 for example. The genetic recombination techniques in vitro also make it possible to introduce at will one or more additional residues into the sequence of vWF and for example a supernumerary methionine between positions Asp539 and G1u542.
E.7.2. Fragments Antagonizing the Binding of vWF to the Sub-Endothelium In a specific embodiment, the sites for binding of vWF to the components of the sub-endothelial tissue, and for example collagen, are generated by PCR
amplification of the plasmid pET-8c52K, for example with the oligodeoxynucleotides Sq2258 (5'-GGATCCTTAGGGCT-GTGCAGCAGGCTACTGGACCTGGTC-3', the Mstll site is underlined) and Sq2259 (5'-GAATTCAAGCTTAACAGAGGTAGCTAA-CGATCTCGTCCC-3', the Hindlll site is underlined), which generates an MstII-HindIIl restriction fragment encoding the Cys509 to Cys695 residues of the natural vWF. Deletion molecular variants or modified variants are also generated which contain any desired combination between the sites for binding of vWF to the sulphatides and/or to botrocetin and/or to heparin and/or to collagen and/or any residue responsible for a modification of the affinity of vWF for GPIb (vWF-associated type II
pathologies). In another embodiment, the domain capable of binding to collagen may also come from the vWF fragment which is between the residues 911 and 1114 and described by Pareti et al. [J. Biol. Chem. (1987) 262: 13835-13841].
The ligation of these fragments to the HindIIl-MstII restriction fragment corresponding to the entire gene encoding HSA with the exception of the three C-terminal most amino acids (cf. FIG. 2) generates Hindlll restriction fragments containing a hybrid gene encoding a chimeric protein of the HSA-PEPTIDE type (FIG. 1, panel A), immediately preceded by the "prepro" export region of HSA. These restriction fragments are cloned in the productive orientation into the Hindlll site of the plasmid pYG105, which generates the corresponding expression plasmids, and for example the plasmid pYG1277 (HSA-vWF509-695).
E.7.3. Purification and Molecular Characterization of the Chimeras Between HSA and vWF
The chimeras present in the culture supernatants corresponding to the CBS
293.91 strain transformed, for example with the expression plasmids according to Examples E.7.1. and E.7.2., are characterized in a first instance by means of antibodies specific for the HSA part and for the vWF part. The results of FIGS. 5 to 7 demonstrate that the yeast K. lactis is capable of secreting chimeric proteins between HSA and a fragment of vWF, and that these chimeras are immunologically reactive. It may also be desirable to purify some of these chimeras. The culture is then centrifuged (10,000 g, 30 min), the supernatant is passed through a 0.22 mm filter (Millipore) and then concentrated by ultrafiltration (Amicon) using a membrane whose discrimination threshold is situated at 30 kDa. The concentrate obtained is then dialysed against a Tris-HCl solution (50 mM pH 8) and then purified on a column. For example, the concentrate corresponding to the culture supernatant of the CBS 293.91 strain transformed with the plasmid pYG1206 is purified by affinity chromatography on Blue-Trisacryl (IBF). A purification by ion-exchange chromatography can also be used. For example, in the case of the chimera HSA-vWF470-713, the concentrate obtained after ultrafiltration is dialysed against a Tris-HC1 solution (50 mM pH 8), and then loaded in 20 ml fractions onto a cation-exchange column (5 ml) (S Fast Flow, Pharmacia) equilibrated in the same buffer. The column is then washed several times with the Tris-HC1 solution (50 mM pH 8) and the chimeric protein is then eluted from the column by an NaC1 gradient (0 to 1M). The fractions containing the chimeric protein are then pooled and dialysed against a 50 mM Tris-HCI solution (pH 8) and then reloaded onto the S Fast Flow column. After elution of the column, the fractions containing the protein are pooled, dialysed against water and freeze-dried before characterization:
for example, sequencing (Applied Biosystem) of the protein [HSA-vWF470-704 C471G, C474G] secreted by the yeast CBS 293.91 gives the N-terminal sequence expected for HSA (Asp-Ala-His ...), demonstrating a correct maturation of the chimera immediately at the C-terminus of the doublet of residues Arg-Arg of the "pro" region of HSA (FIG. 2). The essentially monomeric character of the chimeric proteins between HSA and vWF is also confirmed by their elution profile on a TSK
3000 column [Toyo Soda Company, equilibrated with a cacodylate solution (pH 7) containing 0.2M Na2SO4]: for example the chimera [HSA-vWF 470-704 C471G, C474G] behaves under the conditions like a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 95 kDa, demonstrating its monomeric character.
EXAMPLE 8: CHIMERAS DERIVED FROM UROKINASE
E.8.1. Constructs A fragment corresponding to the amino-terminal fragment of urokinase (ATF: EGF-like domain + kringle domain) can be obtained from the corresponding messenger RNA of cells of certain human carcinoma, for example using the RT-PCR kit distributed by Pharmacia. An MstI1-HindIII restriction fragment including the ATF of human urokinase is given in FIG. 8. The ligation of the HindI11-MstII
fragment of the plasmid pYG404 to this MstII-HindIII fragment makes it possible to generate the Hindlll fragment of the plasmid pYG1341 which encodes a chimeric protein in which the HSA molecule is genetically coupled to the ATF
(HSA-UK1-*135). Likewise, the plasmid pYG1340 contains a Hindlll fragment encoding a chimera composed of HSA immediately followed by the first 46 residues of human urokinase (HSA-UK1-46, cf. FIG. 8). The cloning in the productive orientation, of the Hindlll restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG
(HSA-UK1-46) into the Hindlll site of the plasmids pYG105 (LAC4) and pYG106 (PGK) generates the expression plasmids pYG1343 and pYG1342 respectively. Likewise, the cloning, in the productive orientation, of the Hindlll restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG1341 (HSA-UK1--->135) into the Hindlll site of the plasmids pYG105 (LAC4) and pYG106 (PGK) generates the expression plasmids pYG1345 and pYG1344 respectively.
E.8.2. Secretion of the Hybrids After selection on rich medium supplemented with G418, the recombinant clones are tested for their capacity to secrete the mature form of the chimeric proteins HSA-UK. A few clones corresponding to the strain K. lactis CBS
293.91, which is transformed with the expression plasmids according to Example E.9.1., are incubated in selective complete liquid medium at 28 C. The cellular supernatants are then tested after electrophoresis on an 8.5% acrylamide gel, either directly by staining of the gel with coomassie blue, or after immunoblotting using as primary antibodies a rabbit polyclonal serum directed against human albumin or against human urokinase. The results of FIG. 9 demonstrate that the hybrid proteins HSA-UK1--46 and HSA-UK1-*135 are particularly well secreted by the yeast Kluyveromyces.
E.8.3 Purification of the Chimeras Between HSA and Urokinase After centrifugation of a culture of the CBS 293.91 strain transformed with the expression plasmids according to Example E.8.1., the culture supernatant is passed through a 0.22 mm filter (Millipore) and then concentrated by ultrafiltration (Amicon) using a membrane whose discrimination threshold is situated at 30 kDa.
The concentrate obtained is then adjusted to 50 mM Tris-HCl starting with a stock solution of 1M Tris-HCi (pH 7), and then loaded in 20 ml fractions onto an anion-exchange column (3 ml) (D-Zephyr, Sepracor) equilibrated in the same buffer.
The chimeric protein (HSA-UK1--+46 or HSA-UK1-135) is then eluted from the column by a gradient (0 to 1M) of NaCI. The fractions containing the chimeric protein are then pooled and dialysed against a 50 mM Tris-HC1 solution (pH 6) and reloaded onto a D-Zephyr column equilibrated in the same buffer. After elution of the column, the fractions containing the protein are pooled, dialysed against water and freeze-dried before characterization of their biological activity and especially with respect to their ability to displace urokinase from its cellular receptor.
EXAMPLE 9: CHIMERAS DERIVED FROM G-CSF
E.9.1. Constructs E.9.1.1. Coupling at the C-terminus of HSA.
An MstII-HindIII restriction fragment including the mature form of human G-CSF is generated, for example according to the following strategy: a Kpnl-HindIII restriction fragment is first obtained by the enzymatic PCR
amplification technique using the oligodeoxynucleotides Sq2291 (5'-CAAGGATCCAAGCTTCAGGGCTGCGCAAGGTGGCGTAG-3', the HindIII
site is underlined) and Sq2292 (5'-CGGGGTACCTTAGGCTTAACCCCCCTG-GGCCCTGCCAGC-3', the KpnI site is underlined) as primer on the plasmid BBG13 serving as template. The plasmid BBG13 contains the gene encoding the B
form (174 amino acids) of mature human G-CSF, which is obtained from British Bio-technology Limited, Oxford, England. The enzymatic amplification product of about 550 nucleotides is then digested with the restriction enzymes KpnI and HindIII and cloned into the vector pUC19 cut with the same enzymes, which generates the recombinant plasmid pYG1255. This plasmid is the source of an MstII-HindlII restriction fragment which makes it possible to fuse G-CSF
immediately downstream of HSA (chimera HSA-G.CSF) and whose nucleotide sequence is given in FIG. 10.
It may also be desirable to insert a peptide linker between the HSA
part and G-CSF, for example in order to permit a better functional presentation of the transducing part. An MstII-HindIII restriction fragment is for example generated by substitution of the MstII-Apal fragment of the plasmid pYG1255 by the oligodeoxynucleotides Sq2742 (5'-TTAGGCTTA-GGTGGTGGCGGTACCCCCCTGGGCC-3', the codons encoding the glycine residues of this particular linker are underlined) and Sq2741 (5'-CAGGGGGGTACCGCCACCACCTAAGCC-3') which form, by pairing, an MstII-Apa1 fragment. The plasmid thus generated therefore contains an MstH-HindIII restriction fragment whose sequence is identical to that of FIG. 10 with the exception of the MstII-Apal fragment.
The ligation of the HindIIl-MstII fragment of the plasmid pYG404 to the MstII-HindIII fragment of the plasmid pYG1255 makes it possible to generate the Hindlll fragment of the plasmid pYG1259 which encodes a chimeric protein in which the B form of the mature G-CSF is positioned by genetic coupling in translational phase at the C-terminus of the HSA molecule (HSA-G.CSF).
An identical Hindlll restriction fragment, with the exception of the MstII-Apal fragment, may also be easily generated and which encodes a chimeric protein in which the B form of the mature G-CSF is positioned by genetic coupling in translational phase at the C-terminus of the HSA molecule and a specific peptide linker. For example, this linker consists of 4 glycine residues in the Hindlll fragment of the plasmid pYG1336 (chimera HSA-Gly4-G.CSF).
The Hindlll restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG1259 is cloned in the productive orientation and into the Hindlll restriction site of the expression plasmid pYG105, which generates the expression plasmid pYG1266 (HSA-G.CSF). In another exemplification, the cloning of the HindIII restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG1259 in the productive orientation and into the Hindlll site of the plasmid pYG 106 generates the plasmid pYG 1267. The plasmids pYG 1266 and pYG1267 are mutually isogenic with the exception of the SalI-HindIII
restriction fragment encoding the LAC4 promoter of K. lactis (plasmid pYG1266) or the PGK
promoter of S. cerevisiae (plasmid pYG1267).
In another exemplification, the cloning in the productive orientation of the Hindlll restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG1336 (chimera HSA-Gly4-G.CSF) into the Hindlll site of the plasmids pYG105 (LAC4) and pYG106 (PGK) generates the expression plasmids pYG1351 and pYG1352 respectively.
E.9.1.2. Coupling at the N-terminus of HSA
In a specific embodiment, the combined techniques of site-directed mutagenesis and PCR amplification make it possible to construct hybrid genes encoding a chimeric protein resulting from the translational coupling between a signal peptide (and for example the prepro region of HSA), a sequence including a gene having a G-CSF activity, and the mature form of HSA or one of its molecular variants (cf. chimera of panel B, FIG. 1). These hybrid genes are preferably bordered in 5' of the translational initiator ATG and in 3' of the translational stop codon by HindIII restriction sites. For example the oligodeoxynucleotide Sq2369 (5'-GTTCTACGCCACCTTG-CGCAGCCCGGTGGAGGCGGTGATGCACACAAGAGTGAGGTTGCTCAT-CGG-3' the residues underlined (optional) correspond in this particular chimera to a peptide linker composed of 4 glycine residues) makes it possible, by site-directed mutagenesis, to put in translational phase the mature form of the human G-CSF
of the plasmid BBG13 immediately upstream of the mature form of HSA, which generates the intermediate plasmid A. Likewise, the use of the oligodeoxynucleotide Sq2338 [5'-CAGGGAGCTGGCAGGGCCCAGGGGG-GTTCGACGAAACACACCCCTGGAATAAGCCGAGCT-3' (non-coding strand), the nucleotides complementary to the nucleotides encoding the first N-terminal residues of the mature form of the human G-CSF are underlined] makes it possible, by site-directed mutagenesis, to couple in translational reading phase the prepro region of HSA immediately upstream of the mature form of the human G-CSF, which generates the intermediate plasmid B. A HindIII fragment encoding a chimeric protein of the PEPTIDE-HSA type (cf. FIG. 1, panel B) is then generated by combining the HindIIl-Sstl fragment of the plasmid B(joining prepro region of HSA+N-terminal fragment of the mature G-CSF) with the Sstl-HindII1 fragment of the plasmid A[joining mature G-CSF-(glycine)ic4 - mature HSA]. The plasmid pYG1301 contains this specific HindIII restriction fragment encoding the chimera G.CSF-Gly4-HSA fused immediately downstream of the prepro region of HSA
(FIG. 11). The cloning of this HindIII restriction fragment in the productive orientation and into the HindIII site of the plasmids pYG105 (LAC4) and pYG106 (PGK) generates the expression plasmids pYG1302 and pYG 1303 respectively.
E.9.2. Secretion of the Hybrids.
After selection on rich medium supplemented with G418, the recombinant clones are tested for their capacity to secrete the mature form of the chimeric proteins between HSA and G-CSF. A few clones corresponding to the strain K.
lactis CBS 293.91 transformed with the plasmids pYG1266 or pYG1267 (HSA-G.CSF), pYG1302 or pYG1303 (G.CSF-G1y4-HSA) or alternatively pYG1351 or pYG1352 (HSA-G1y4-G.CSF) are incubated in selective complete liquid medium at 28 C. The cellular supernatants are then tested after electrophoresis on an 8.5%
acrylamide gel, either directly by staining the gel with coomassie blue, or after immunoblotting using as primary antibodies rabbit polyclonal antibodies directed against the human G-CSF or a rabbit polyclonal serum directed against human albumin. The results of FIG. 12 demonstrate that the hybrid protein HSA-G.CSF
is recognized both by antibodies directed against human albumin (panel C) and human G-CSF (panel B). The results of FIG. 13 indicate that the chimera HSA-Gly4-G.CSF (lane 3) is particularly well secreted by the yeast Kluyveromyces, possibly because of the fact that the presence of the peptide linker between the HSA part and the G-CSF part is more favourable to an independent folding of these 2 parts during the transit of the chimera in the secretory pathway.
Furthermore, the N-terminal fusion (G.CSF-G1y4-HSA) is also secreted by the yeast Kluyveromyces (FIG. 13, lane 1).
E.9.3. Purification and Molecular Characterization of the Chimeras Between HSA and G-CSF.
After centrifugation of a culture of the CBS 293.91 strain transformed with the expression plasmids according to Example E.9.1., the culture supernatant is passed through a 0.22 mm filter (Millipore) and then concentrated by ultrafiltration (Amicon) using a membrane whose discrimination threshold is situated at 30 kDa.
The concentrate obtained is then adjusted to 50 mM Tris-HC1 from a 1M stock solution of Tris-HCI (pH 6), and then loaded in 20 ml fractions onto an ion-exchange column (5 ml) (Q Fast Flow, Pharmacia) equilibrated in the same buffer.
The chimeric protein is then eluted from the column by a gradient (0 to 1M) of NaCI. The fractions containing the chimeric protein are then pooled and dialysed against a 50 mM Tris-HCl solution (pH 6) and reloaded onto a Q Fast Flow column (1 ml) equilibrated in the same buffer. After elution of the column, the fractions containing the protein are pooled, dialysed against water and freeze-dried before characterization: for example, the sequencing (Applied Biosystem) of the protein HSA-G.CSF secreted by the yeast CBS 293.91 gives the N-terminal sequence expected for HSA (Asp-Ala-His ...), demonstrating a correct maturation of the chimera immediately at the C-terminus of the doublet of residues Arg-Arg of the "pro" region of HSA (FIG. 2).
EXAMPLE 10: CHIMERAS DERIVED FROM AN IMMUNOGLOBULIN
E.10.1. Constructs An Fv' fragment can be constructed by genetic engineering techniques, and which encodes the variable fragments of the heavy and light chains of an immunoglobulin (Ig), linked to each other by a linker peptide Bird et al., Science (1988) 242: 423; Huston et al., (1988) [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 85: 5879].
Schematically, the variable regions (about 120 residues) of the heavy and light chains of a given Ig are cloned from the messenger RNA of the corresponding hybridoma, for example using the RT-PCR kit distributed by Pharmacia (Mouse ScFv module). In a second stage, the variable regions are genetically coupled by genetic engineering via a synthetic linkage peptide and for example the linker (GGGGS)x3. An MstII-HindIIl restriction fragment including the Fv' fragment of an immunoglobulin secreted by a murine hybridoma is given in FIG. 14. The ligation of the Hindlll-MstII fragment of the plasmid pYG404 to this MstII-HindIIl fragment makes it possible to generate the HindIII fragment of the plasmid pYG1382 which encodes a chimeric protein in which the HSA molecule is genetically coupled to the Fv' fragment of FIG. 14 (chimera HSA-Fv'). The cloning in the productive orientation of the HindIII restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG1382 into the HindIII site of the plasmids pYG105 (LAC4) and pYG106 (PGK) generates the expression plasmids pYG1383 and pYG1384 respectively.
E.10.2. Secretion of the Hybrids After selection on rich medium supplemented with G418, the recombinant clones are tested for their capacity to secrete the mature form of the chimeric protein HSA-Fv'. A few clones corresponding to the strain K. lactis CBS 293.91 transformed with the plasmids pYG1383 or pYG1384 (HSA-Fv') are incubated in selective complete liquid medium at 28 C. The cellular supernatants are then tested after electrophoresis on an 8.5% acrylamide gel, either directly by staining of the gel with coomassie blue, or after immunoblotting using as primary antibodies a rabbit polyclonal serum directed against human albumin, or directly incubated with biotinylated antibodies directed against the immunoglobulins of murine origin.
The results of FIG. 15 demonstrate that the hybrid protein HSA-Fv' is recognized both by antibodies directed against human albumin (panel C) and reacts with biotinylated goat antibodies which are immunologically reactive towards mouse immunoglobulins (panel B).
EXAMPLE 11: BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE CHIMERAS
E.11.1. Biological Activity In vitro.
E.11.1.1. Chimeras Between HSA and vWF.
The antagonistic activity of the products is determined by measuring the dose-dependent inhibition of the agglutination of human platelets fixed with paraformaldehyde according to the method described by Prior et al.
[Bio/Technology (1992) 10: 66]. The measurements are carried out in an aggregameter (PAP-4, Bio Data, Horsham, Pa., U.S.A.) which records the variations over time of the optical transmission, with stirring, at 37 C. in the presence of vWF, of botrocetin (8.2 mg/ml) and of the test product at various dilutions (concentrations). For each measurement, 400 ml (8 x 107 platelets) of a suspension of human platelets stabilized with paraformaldehyde (0.5%, and then resuspended in [NaCI (137 mM); MgC12 (1 mM); NaH2PO4 (0.36 mM); NaHCO3 (10 mM); KCl (2.7 mM); glucose (5.6 mM); HSA (3.5 mg/ml); HEPES buffer (10 mM, pH 7.35)] are preincubated at 37 C. in the cylindrical tank (8.75 x 50 mm, Wellcome Distriwell, 159 rue Nationale, Paris) of the aggregameter for 4 min and are then supplemented with 30 ml of the solution of the test product at various dilutions in apyrogenic formulation vehicle [mannitol (50 g/1); citric acid (192 mg/1); L-lysine monohydrochloride (182.6 mg/1); NaCI (88 mg/1); pH adjusted to 3.5 by addition of NaOH (1M)], or formulation vehicle alone (control assay).
The resulting suspension is then incubated for 1 min at 37 C. and 12.5 ml of human vWF [American Bioproducts, Parsippany, N.J., U.S.A.; 11% von Willebrand activity measured according to the recommendations for the use of PAP-4 (Platelet Aggregation ProfilerRTM) with the aid of platelets fixed with formaldehyde (2 x 105 platelets/ml), human plasma containing 0 to 100% vWF and ristocetin (10 mg/ml, cf. p. 36-45: vW ProgramTM] are added and incubated at 37 C. for 1 min before adding 12.5 ml of botrocetin solution purified from freeze-dried venom of Bothrops jararaca (Sigma) according to the procedure described by Sugimoto et al., [Biochemistry (1991) 266: 18172]. The recording of the reading of the transmission as a function of time is then carried out for 2 min with stirring by means of a magnetic bar (Wellcome Distriwell) placed in the tank and with a magnetic stirring of 1,100 rpm provided by the aggregameter. The mean variation of the optical transmission (n35 for each dilution) over time is therefore a measurement of the platelet agglutination due to the presence of vWF and botrocetin, in the absence or in the presence of variable concentrations of the test product. From such recordings, the % inhibition of the platelet agglutination due to each concentration of product is then determined and the straight line giving the % inhibition as a function of the reciprocal of the product dilution in log-log scale is plotted. The IC50 (or concentration of product causing 50% inhibition of the agglutination) is then determined on this straight line. The table of FIG. 6 compares the IC50 values of some of the HSA-vWF chimeras of the present invention and demonstrates that some of them are better antagonists of platelet agglutination than the product RG12986 described by Prior et al. [Bio/Technology (1992) 10: 66] and included in the assays as standard value. Identical tests for the inhibition of the agglutination of human platelets in the presence of vWF of pig plasma (Sigma) makes it possible, furthermore, to demonstrate that some of the hybrids of the present invention, and especially some type IIB variants, are very good antagonists of platelet agglutination in the absence of botrocetin-type cofactors. The botrocetin-independent antagonism of these specific chimeras can also be demonstrated according to the procedure initially described by Ware et al. [Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci.
(1991) 88: 2946] by displacing the monoclonal antibody 125I-LJ-1B 1(10 mg/ml), a competitive inhibitor of the binding of vWF to the platelet GPIb Handa M. et al., (1986) [J. Biol. Chem. 261: 12579] after 30 min of incubation at 22 C. in the presence of fresh platelets (108 platelets/ml).
E.11.1.2. Chimeras between HSA and G-CSF
The purified chimeras are tested for their capacity to permit the in vitro proliferation of the IL3-dependant murine line NFS60, by measuring the incorporation of tritiated thymidine essentially according to the procedure described by Tsuchiya et al. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (1986) 83 7633]. For each chimera, the measurements are carried out between 3 and 6 times in a three-point test (three dilutions of the product) in a zone or the relation between the quantity of active product and incorporation of labelled thymidine (Amersham) is linear.
In each microtitre plate, the activity of a reference product consisting of recombinant human G-CSF expressed in mammalian cells is also systematically incorporated.
The results of FIG. 17 demonstrate that the chimera HSA-G.CSF (pYG 1266) secreted by the yeast Kluyveromyces and purified according to Example E.9.3.
is capable in vitro of transducing a signal for cellular proliferation for the line NFS60.
In this particular case, the specific activity (cpm/molarity) of the chimera is about 7 times lower than that of the reference G-CSF (non-coupled).
E.11.2. Biological Activity In vivo The activity of stimulation of the HSA-G-CSF chimeras on granulopoiesis in vivo is tested after subcutaneous injection in rats (Sprague-Dawley/CD, 250-300g, 8-9 weeks) and compared to that of the reference G-CSF expressed using mammalian cells. Each product, tested at the rate of 7 animals, is injected subcutaneously into the dorso-scapular region at the rate of 100 ml for 7 consecutive days, (D1-D7). 500 ml of blood are collected on days D-6, D2 (before the 2nd injection). D5 (before the 5th injection) and D8, and a blood count is performed. In this test, the specific activity (neutropoiesis units/mole injected) of the chimera HSA-G.CSF (pYG1266) is identical to that of the reference G-CSF
(FIG. 18). Since this specific chimera has in vitro a specific activity 7 times lower than that of the reference G-CSF (FIG. 17), it is therefore demonstrated that the genetic coupling of G-CSF onto HSA favourably modifies the pharmacokinetic properties thereof.
SEQUENCE LISTING
(1) GENERAL INFORMATION:
(i) APPLICANTS:
(A) NAME: Rhone-Poulenc Rorer S.A.
(B) STREET: 20 Raymond ARON Avenue (C) CITY: Antony (E) COUNTRY: France (F) POSTAL CODE:92165 (ii) TITLE OF THE INVENTION: Novel Biologically Active Polypeptides, Preparation Thereof and Pharmaceutical Composition Containing Said Polypeptides (iii)NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 6 (iv) CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS:
(A) NAME: MBM & Co.
(B) STREET: P.O. Box 809 (C) CITY: Ottawa (D) PROVINCE: ON
(E) COUNTRY: Canada (F) POSTAL CODE: K1P 5P9 (v) COMPUTER READABLE FORM:
(A) MEDIUM TYPE: Floppy Disk (B) COMPUTER: IBM-PC Compatible (C) OPERATING SYSTEM: Windows (D) SOFTWARE: Word (vi) CURRENT APPLICATION DATA:
(A) APPLICATION NUMBER: 2,126,091 (B) FILING DATE: January 28, 1993 (C) CLASSIFICATION:
(viii) ATTORNEY/AGENT INFORMATION:
(A) NAME: SWAIN, Margaret (B) REGISTRATION NUMBER: 10926 (C) REFERENCE/DOCKET NUMBER:
(ix) TELECOMMUNICATION INFORMATION:
(A) TELEPHONE: 613-567-0762 (B) TELEFAX: 613-563-7671 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 1859 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA
(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: no (iii) ANTISENSE: no (ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CDS
(B) LOCATION: 26..1855 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: chimera of type HSA-peptide (ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: miscfeature (B) LOCATION: 1842-1848 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /standard name = "MstII Site"
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:1:
Met Lys Trp Val Thr Phe Ile Ser Leu Leu Phe Leu Phe Ser Ser Ala Tyr Ser Arg Gly Val Phe Arg Arg Asp Ala His Lys Ser Glu Val Ala His Arg Phe Lys Asp Leu Gly Glu Glu Asn Phe Lys Ala Leu Val Leu Ile Ala Phe Ala Gln Tyr Leu Gln Gln Cys Pro Phe Glu Asp His Val Lys Leu Val Asn Glu Val Thr Glu Phe Ala Lys Thr Cys Val Ala Asp Glu Ser Ala Glu Asn Cys Asp Lys Ser Leu His Thr Leu Phe Gly Asp Lys Leu Cys Thr Val Ala Thr Leu Arg Glu Thr Tyr Gly Glu Met Ala Asp Cys Cys Ala Lys Gln Glu Pro Glu Arg Asn Glu Cys Phe Leu Gln His Lys Asp Asp Asn Pro Asn Leu Pro Arg Leu Val Arg Pro Glu Val Asp Val Met Cys Thr Ala Phe His Asp Asn Glu Glu Thr Phe Leu Lys Lys Tyr Leu Tyr Glu Ile Ala Arg Arg His Pro Tyr Phe Tyr Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Phe Phe Ala Lys Arg Tyr Lys Ala Ala Phe Thr Glu Cys Cys Gln Ala Ala Asp Lys Ala Ala Cys Leu Leu Pro Lys Leu Asp Glu Leu Arg Asp Glu Gly Lys Ala Ser Ser Ala Lys Gln Arg Leu Lys Cys Ala Ser Leu Gln Lys Phe Gly Glu Arg Ala Phe Lys Ala Trp Ala Val Ala Arg Leu Ser Gln Arg Phe Pro Lys Ala Glu Phe Ala Glu Val Ser Lys Leu Val Thr Asp Leu Thr Lys Val His Thr Glu Cys Cys His Gly Asp Leu Leu Glu Cys Ala Asp Asp Arg Ala Asp Leu Ala Lys Tyr Ile Cys Glu Asn Gln Asp Ser Ile Ser Ser AAA CTG AAG GAA TGC TGT GAA AAA CCT CTG TTG GAA AAA TCC CAC TGC
Lys Leu Lys Glu Cys Cys Glu Lys Pro Leu leu Glu Lys Ser His Cys 964 Ile Ala Glu Val Glu Asn Asp Glu Met Pro Ala Asp Leu Pro Ser Leu Ala Ala Asp Phe Val Glu Ser Lys Asp Val Cys Lys Asn Tyr Ala Glu Ala Lys Asp Val Phe Leu Gly Met Phe Leu Tyr Glu Tyr Ala Arg Arg His Pro Asp Tyr Ser Val Val Leu Leu Leu Arg Leu Ala Lys Thr Tyr GAA ACC ACT CTA GAG AAG TGC TGT GCC GCT GCA GAT CCT CAT GAA TGC 1209:
Glu Thr Thr Leu Glu Lys Cys Cys Ala Ala Ala Asp Pro His Glu Cys Tyr Ala Lys Val Phe Asp Glu Phe Lys Pro Leu Val Glu Glu Pro Gln Asn Leu Ile Lys Gln Asn Cys Glu Leu Phe Glu Gln Leu Gly Glu Tyr Lys Phe Gln Asn Ala Leu Leu Val Arg Tyr Thr Lys Lys Val Pro Gln Val Ser Thr Pro Thr Leu Val Glu Val Ser Arg Asn Leu Gly Lys Val Gly Ser Lys Cys Cys Lys His Pro Glu Ala Lys Arg Met Pro Cys Ala Glu Asp Tyr Leu Ser Val Val Leu Asn Gln Leu Cys Val Leu His Glu Lys Thr Pro Val Ser Asp Arg Val Thr Lys Cys Cys Thr Glu Ser Leu Val Asn Arg Arg Pro Cys Phe Ser Ala Leu Glu Val Asp Glu Thr Tyr Val Pro Lys Glu Phe Asn Ala Glu Thr Phe Thr Phe His Ala Asn Ile Cys Thr Leu Ser Glu Lys Glu Arg Gin Ile Lys Lys Gln Thr Ala Leu Val Glu Leu Val Lys His Lys Pro Lys Ala Thr Lys Glu Gln Leu Lys Ala Val Met Asp Asp Phe Ala Ala Phe Val Glu Lys Cys Cys Lys Ala Asp Asp Lys Glu Thr Cys Phe Ala Glu Glu Gly Lys Lys Leu Val Ala GCA AGT CAA GGT GGC TTA GGC TTA (NNN)p TAAGCTT 18513 Ala Ser Gln Ala Ala Leu Gly Leu peptide (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 750 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA
(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: no (iii) ANTISENSE: no (ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CDS
(B) LOCATION: 3..746 (D) OTHER INFORMATION:/product= "C-ter[ninal fragment of the HSA-vWF470 chimera"
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2:
Leu Gly Leu Thr Cys Glu Ala Cys Gln Glu Pro Gly Gly Leu Val Val Pro Pro Thr Asp Ala Pro Val Ser Pro Thr Thr Leu Tyr Val Glu Asp Ile Ser Glu Pro Pro Leu His Asp Phe Tyr Cys Ser Arg Leu Leu Asp Leu Val Phe Leu Leu Asp Gly Ser Ser Arg Leu Ser Glu Ala Glu Phe Glu Val Leu Lys Ala Phe Val Val Asp Met Met Glu Arg Leu Arg Ile Ser Gln Lys Trp Val Arg Val Ala Val Val Glu Tyr His Asp Gly Ser His Ala Tyr Ile Gly Leu Lys Asp Arg Lys Arg Pro Ser Glu Leu Arg Arg Ile Ala Ser Gln Val Lys Tyr Ala Gly Ser Gln Val Ala Ser Thr Ser Glu Val Leu Lys Tyr Thr Leu Phe Gln Ile Phe Ser Lys Ile Asp Arg Pro Glu Ala Ser Arg Ile Ala Leu Leu Leu Met Ala Ser Gln Glu Pro Gln Arg Met Ser Arg Asn Phe Val Arg Tyr Val Gln Gly Leu Lys Lys Lys Lys Val Ile Val Ile Pro Val Gly Ile Gly Pro His Ala Asn Leu Lys Gln Ile Arg Leu Ile Glu Lys Gln Ala Pro Glu Asn Lys Ala Phe Val Leu Ser Ser Val Asp Glu Leu Glu Gln Gln Arg Asp Glu Ile Val Ser Tyr Leu Cys Asp Leu Ala Pro Glu Ala Pro Pro Pro Thr Leu Pro Pro Asp Met Ala Gln Val (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 423 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA
(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: no (iii) ANTISENSE: no (ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CDS
(B) LOCATION: 3..419 (D) OTHER INFORMATION:/product = "C-terminal fragment of the HSA-UK1-135 chimera"
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2:
Leu Gly Leu Ser Asn Glu Leu His Gln Val Pro Ser Asn Cys Asp Cys Leu Asn Gly Gly Thr Cys Val Ser Asn Lys Tyr Phe Ser Asn Ile His Trp Cys Asn Cys Pro Lys Lys Phe Gly Gly Gln His Cys Glu Ile Asp Lys Ser Lys Thr Cys Tyr Glu Gly Asn Gly His Phe Tyr Arg Gly Lys Ala Ser Thr Asp Thr Met Gly Arg Pro Cys Leu Pro Trp Asn Ser Ala Thr Val Leu Gin Gln Thr Tyr His Ala His Arg Ser Asp Ala Leu Gln Leu Gly Leu Gly Lys His Asn Tyr Cys Arg Asn Pro Asp Asn Arg Arg Arg Pro Trp Cys Tyr Val Gln Val Gly Leu Lys Pro Leu Val Gln Glu Cys Met Val His Asp Cys Ala Asp Gly Lys (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 541 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA
(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: no (iii) ANTISENSE: no (ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CDS
(B) LOCATION: 3..536 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /product = "C-terminal fragment of the HSA-G.CSF chimera"
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:4:
Leu Gly Leu Thr Pro Leu Gly Pro Ala Ser Ser Leu Pro Gln Ser Phe Leu Leu Lys Cys Leu Glu Gln Val Arg Lys Ile Gln Gly Asp Gly Ala Ala Leu Gln Glu Lys Leu Cys Ala Thr Tyr Lys Leu Cys His Pro Glu Glu Leu Val Leu Leu Gly His Ser Leu Gly Ile Pro Trp Ala Pro Leu Ser Ser Cys Pro Ser Gln Ala Leu Gln Leu Ala Gly Cys Leu Ser Gln Leu His Ser Gly Leu Phe Leu Tyr Gln Gly Leu Leu Gin Ala Leu Giu Gly Ile Ser Pro Glu Leu Gly Pro Thr Leu Asp Thr Leu Gln Leu Asp Val Ala Asp Phe Ala Thr Thr Ile Trp Gln Gln Met Glu Glu Leu Gly Met Ala Pro Ala Leu Gln Pro Thr Gln Giy Ala Met Pro Ala Phe Ala Ser Ala Phe Gln Arg Arg Ala Gly Gly Val Leu Val Ala Ser His Leu Gln Ser Phe Leu Glu Val Ser Tyr Arg Val Leu Arg His Leu Ala Gln Pro (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 2455 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA
(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: no (iii) ANTISENSE: no (ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CDS
(B) LOCATION: 26..2389 (D) OTHER INFORMATION:/product ="G.CSF-Gly4-HSA chimera downstream of`
HSA prepro region"
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: miscrecomb (B) LOCATION: 620-631 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /standard name = "linker PolyGly"
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: miscfeature (B) LOCATION: 106-111 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /standard name = "ApaI site"
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:5:
Met Lys Trp Val Thr Phe Ile Ser Leu Leu Phe Leu Phe Ser Ser Ala Tyr Ser Arg Gly Val Phe Arg Arg Thr Pro Leu Gly Pro Ala Ser Ser Leu Pro Gln Ser Phe Leu Leu Lys Cys Leu Glu Gln Val Arg Lys Ile Gln Gly Asp Gly Ala Ala Leu Gln Glu Lys Leu Cys Ala Thr Tyr Lys Leu Cys His Pro Glu Glu Leu Val Leu Leu Gly His Ser Leu Gly Ile Pro Trp Ala Pro Leu Ser Ser Cys Pro Ser Gln Ala Leu Gln Leu Ala Gly Cys Leu Ser Gln Leu His Ser Gly Leu Phe Leu Tyr Gln Gly Leu Leu Gln Ala Leu Glu Gly Ile Ser Pro Glu Leu Gly Pro Thr Leu Asp Thr Leu Gln Leu Asp Val Ala Asp Phe Ala Thr Thr Ile Trp Gln Gln Met Glu Glu Leu Gly Met Ala Pro Ala Leu Gln Pro Thr Gln Gly Ala Met Pro Ala Phe Ala Ser Ala Phe Gln Arg Arg Ala Gly Gly Val Leu Val Ala Ser His Leu Gln Ser Phe Leu Glu Val Ser Tyr Arg Val Leu Arg His Leu Ala Gln Pro Gly Gly Gly Gly Asp Ala His Lys Ser, Glu Val Ala His Arg Phe Lys Asp Leu Gly Glu Glu Asn Phe Lys Ala Leu Val Leu Ile Ala Phe Ala Gln Tyr Leu Gln Gln Cys Pro Phe Glu Asp His Val Lys Leu Val Asn Glu Val Thr Glu Phe Ala Lys Thr Cys Val Ala Asp Glu Ser Ala Glu Asn Cys Asp Lys Ser Leu His Thr Leu Phe Gly Asp Lys Leu Cys Thr Val Ala Thr Leu Arg Glu Thr Tyr Gly Glu Met Ala Asp Cys Cys Ala Lys Gln Glu Pro Glu Arg Asn Glu Cys Phe Leu Gln His Lys Asp Asp Asn Pro Asn Leu Pro Arg Leu Val Arg Pro Glu Val Asp Val Met Cys Thr Ala Phe His Asp Asn Glu Glu Thr Phe Leu Lys Lys Tyr Leu Tyr Glu Ile Ala Arg Arg His Pro Tyr Phe Tyr Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Phe Phe Ala Lys AGG TAT AAA GCT GCT TTT ACA GAA TGT TGC CAA GCT GCT GAT AAA GCT 115Ei Arg Tyr Lys Ala Ala Phe Thr Glu Cys Cys Gln Ala Ala Asp Lys Ala Ala Cys Leu Leu Pro Lys Leu Asp Glu Leu Arg Asp Glu Gly Lys Ala Ser Ser Ala Lys Gln Arg Leu Lys Cys Ala Ser Leu Gln Lys Phe Gly GAA AGA GCT TTC AAA GCA TGG GCA GTA GCT CGC CTG AGC CAG AGA TTT 130C) Glu Arg Ala Phe Lys Ala Trp Ala Val Ala Arg Leu Ser Gln Arg Phe Pro Lys Ala Glu Phe Ala Glu Val Ser Lys Leu Val Thr Asp Leu Thr Lys Val His Thr Glu Cys Cys His Gly Asp Leu Leu Glu Cys Ala Asp Asp Arg Ala Asp Leu Ala Lys Tyr Ile Cys Glu Asn Gln Asp Ser Ile Ser Ser Lys Leu Lys Glu Cys Cys Glu Lys Pro Leu Leu Glu Lys Ser His Cys Ile Ala Glu Val Glu Asn Asp Glu Met Pro Ala Asp Leu Pro Ser Leu Ala Ala Asp Phe Val Glu Ser Lys Asp Val Cys Lys Asn Tyr Ala Glu Ala Lys Asp Val Phe Leu Gly Met Phe Leu Tyr Glu Tyr Ala Arg Arg His Pro Asp Tyr Ser Val Val Leu Leu Leu Arg Leu Ala Lys Thr Tyr Glu Thr Thr Leu Glu Lys Cys Cys Ala Ala Ala Asp Pro His Glu Cys Tyr Ala Lys Val Phe Asp Glu Phe Lys Pro Leu Val Glu Glu Pro Gln Asn Leu Ile Lys Gln Asn Cys Glu Leu Phe Glu Gln Leu Gly Glu Tyr Lys Phe Gln Asn Ala Leu Leu Val Arg Tyr Thr Lys Lys Val Pro Gln Val Ser Thr Pro Thr Leu Val Glu Val Ser Arg Asn Leu Gly Lys Val Gly Ser Lys Cys Cys Lys His Pro Glu Ala Lys Arg Met Pro Cys Ala Glu Asp Tyr Leu Ser Val Val Leu Asn Gln Leu Cys Val Leu His Glu Lys Thr Pro Val Ser Asp Arg Val Thr Lys Cys Cys Thr Glu Ser Leu Val Asn Arg Arg Pro Cys Phe Ser Ala Leu Glu Val Asp Glu Thr Tyr Val Pro Lys Glu Phe Asn Ala Glu Thr Phe Thr Phe His Ala Asp Ile Cys Thr Leu Ser Glu Lys Glu Arg Gln Ile Lys Lys Gln Thr Ala Leu Val Glu Leu Val Lys His Lys Pro Lys Ala Thr Lys Glu Gln Leu Lys Ala Val Met Asp Asp Phe Ala Ala Phe Val Glu Lys Cys Cys Lys Ala Asp Asp Lys Glu Thr Cys Phe Ala Glu Glu Gly Lys Lys Leu Val Ala Ala Ser Gln Ala Ala Leu Gly Leu (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 756 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA
(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: no (iii) ANTISENSE: no (ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CDS
(B) LOCATION: 3..752 (D) OTHER INFORMATION:/product ="C-terminal fragment of the HSAFv chimera"
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: /standard_name = "Synthetic linker"
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:6:
Leu Gly Leu Gln Val Gln Leu Glu Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala Ser Val Lys Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Ala Phe Ser Arg Ser Trp Met Asn Trp Val Lys Gln Arg Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile Gly Arg Ile Tyr Pro Gly Asp Gly Asp Thr Lys Tyr Asn Gly Lys Phe Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Ala Asp Arg Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr Met Gln Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Val Gly Ser Ala Val Tyr Phe Cys Ala Lys Glu Asn Asn Arg Phe Asp Glu Arg Gly Tyr Tyr Ala Met Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Val Thr Val Ser Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Asn Ile Gln Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Asn Ser Met Ser Thr Ser Val Gly Asp Arg Val Ser Ile Thr Cys Lys Ala Ser Gln Asp Val Asp Thr Ser Val Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Trp Ala Ser Thr Arg His Thr Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe Thr Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Asn Val Gln Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Asp Tyr Phe Cys Gln Gln Tyr Ser Ser Tyr Pro Trp Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys
More particularly, in the molecules of the invention, the polypeptide having a therapeutic activity is a polypeptide of human origin or a molecular variant. For example, this may be all or part of an enzyme, an enzyme inhibitor, an antigen, an antibody, a hormone, a factor involved in the control of coagulation, an interferon, a cytokine [the interleukins, but also their variants which are natural antagonists of their binding to the receptor(s), the SIS (small induced secreted) type cytokines and for example the macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIPs), and the like], of a growth factor and/or of differentiation [and for example the transformant growth factors (TGFs), the blood cell differentiation factors (erythropoietin, M-CSF, G-CSF, GM-CSF and the like), insulin and the growth factors resembling it (IGFs), or alternatively cell permeability factors (VPF/VEGF), and the like], of a factor involved in the genesis/resorption of bone tissues (OIF and osteospontin for example), of a factor involved in cellular motility or migration [and for example autocrine motility factor (AMF), migration stimulating factor (MSF), or alternatively the scatter factor (scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor)], of a bactericidal or antifungal factor, of a chemotactic factor and for example platelet factor 4 (PF4), or alternatively the monocyte chemoattracting peptides (MCP/MCAF) or neutrophil chemoattracting peptides (NCAF), and the like, of a cytostatic factor (and for example the proteins which bind to galactosides), of a plasma (and for example von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen and the like) or interstitial (laminin, tenascin, vitronectin and the like) adhesive molecule or extracellular matrices, or alternatively any peptide sequence which is an antagonist or agonist of molecular and/or intercellular interactions involved in the pathologies of the circulatory and interstitial compartments and for example the formation of arterial and venous thrombi, cancerous metastases, tumour angiogenesis, inflammatory shock, autoimmune diseases, bone and osteoarticular pathologies and the like.
The active part of the polypeptides of the invention may consist for example of the polypeptide having a whole therapeutic activity, or of a structure derived therefrom, or alternatively of a non-natural polypeptide isolated from a peptide library. For the purposes of the present invention, a derived structure is understood to mean any polypeptide obtained by modification and preserving a therapeutic activity. Modification should be understood to mean any mutation, substitution, deletion, addition or modification of genetic and/or chemical nature.
Such derivatives may be generated for various reasons, such as especially that of increasing the affinity of the molecule for its binding sites, that of improving its levels of production, that of increasing its resistance to proteases, that of increasing its therapeutic efficacy or alternatively of reducing its side effects, or that of conferring on it new biological properties. As an example, the chimeric polypeptides of the invention possess pharmacokinetic properties and a biological activity which can be used for the prevention or treatment of diseases.
Particularly advantageous polypeptides of the invention are those in which the active part has:
(a) the whole peptide structure or, (b) a structure derived from (a) by structural modification (mutation, substitution addition and/or deletion of one or more residues) and possessing a therapeutic activity.
Among the structures of the (b) type, there may be mentioned more particularly the molecules in which certain N- or 0-glycosylation sites have been modified or suppressed, the molecules in which one or more residues have been substituted, or the molecules in which all the cystein residues have been substituted. There may also be mentioned molecules obtained from (a) by deletion of regions not involved or not highly involved in the interaction with the binding sites considered, or expressing an undesirable activity, and molecules containing, compared to (a), additional residues such as for example an N-terminal methionine and/or a signal for secretion and/or a joining peptide.
The active part of the molecules of the invention can be coupled either directly or via an artificial peptide to albumin. Furthermore, it may constitute the N-terminal end as well as the C-terminal end of the molecule. Preferably, in the molecules of the invention, the active part constitutes the C-terminal part of the chimera. It is also understood that the biologically active part may be repetitive within the chimera. A schematic representation of the molecules of the invention is given in FIG. 1.
Another subject of the invention relates to a process for preparing the chimeric molecules described above. More specifically, this process consists in causing a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cellular host to express a nucleotide sequence encoding the desired polypeptide, and then in harvesting the polypeptide produced.
Among the eukaryotic hosts which can be used within the framework of the present invention, there may be mentioned animal cells, yeasts or fungi. In particular, as regards yeasts, there may be mentioned yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces, Pichia, Schwanniomyces, or Hansenula. As regards animal cells, there may be mentioned COS, CHO and C127 cells and the like. Among the fungi capable of being used in the present invention, there may be mentioned more particularly Aspergillus spp, or Trichoderma spp. As prokaryotic hosts, the use of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, or belonging to the genera Corynebacterium, Bacillus, or Streptomyces is preferred.
The nucleotide sequences which can be used within the framework of the present invention can be prepared in various ways. Generally, they are obtained by assembling, in reading phase, the sequences encoding each of the functional parts of the polypeptide. The latter may be isolated by the techniques of persons skilled in the art, and for example directly from cellular messenger RNAs (mRNAs), or by recloning from a complementary DNA (cDNA) library, or alternatively they may be completely synthetic nucleotide sequences. It is understood, furthermore, that the nucleotide sequences may also be subsequently modified, for example by the techniques of genetic engineering, in order to obtain derivatives or variants of the said sequences.
More preferably, in the process of the invention, the nucleotide sequence is part of an expression cassette comprising a region for initiation of transcription (promoter region) permitting, in the host cells, the expression of the nucleotide sequence placed under its control and encoding the polypeptides of the invention. This region may come from promoter regions of genes which are highly expressed in the host cell used, the expression being constitutive or regulatable. As regards yeasts, it may be the promoter of the gene for phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD), lactase (LAC4), enolases (ENO), alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH), and the like. As regards bacteria, it may be the promoter of the right-hand or left-hand genes from the lambda bacteriophage (PL, PR), or alternatively the promoters of the genes for the tryptophan (Pt,r) or lactose (Plaj operons. In addition, this control region can be modified, for example by in vitro mutagenesis, by the introduction of additional control elements or of synthetic sequences, or by deletions or substitutions of the original control elements. The expression cassette may also comprise a region for termination of transcription which is functional in the host envisaged, positioned immediately downstream of the nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide of the invention.
In a preferred mode, the polypeptides of the invention result from the expression, in a eukaryotic or prokaryotic host, of a nucleotide sequence and from the secretion of the product of expression of the said sequence into the culture medium. It is indeed particularly advantageous to be able to obtain, by the recombinant route, nlolecules directly in the culture medium. In this case, the nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide of the invention is preceded by a "leader" sequence (or signal sequence) directing the nascent polypeptide in the secretory pathways of the host used. This "leader" sequence may be the natural signal sequence of the biologically active polypeptide in the case where the latter is a naturally secreted protein, or that of the stabilizing structure, but it may also be any other functional "leader" sequence, or an artificial "leader" sequence.
The choice of one or the other of these sequences is especially guided by the host used.
Examples of functional signal sequences include those of the genes for the sexual pheromones or the "killer" toxins of yeasts.
In addition to the expression cassette, one or several markers which make it possible to select the recombinant host may be added, such as for example the URA3 gene from the yeast S. cerevisiae, or genes conferring the resistance to antibiotics such as geneticin (G418) or to any other toxic compound such as certain metal ions.
The unit formed by the expression cassette and by the selectable marker can be introduced directly into the considered host cells, or previously inserted in a functional self-replicating vector. In the first case, sequences homologous to regions present in the genome of the host cells are preferably added to this unit; the said sequences then being positioned on each side of the expression cassette and of the selectable gene so as to increase the frequency of integration of the unit into the genome of the host by targeting the integration of the sequences by homologous recombination. In the case where the expression cassette is inserted in a replicative system, a preferred replication system for yeasts of the genus Kluyveromyces is derived from the plasmid pKDI originally isolated from K.
drosophilarum; a preferred replication system for yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces is derived from the 2 plasmid from S. cerevisiae. Furthermore, this expression plasmid may contain all or part of the said replication systems, or may combine elements derived both from the plasmid pKDI and the 2 plasmid.
In addition, the expression plasmids may be shuttle vectors between a bacterial host such as Escherichia coli and the chosen host cell. In this case, a replication origin and a selectable marker functioning in the bacterial host are required. It is also possible to position restriction sites surrounding the bacterial and unique sequences on the expression vector: this makes it possible to suppress these sequences by cutting and religation in vitro of the truncated vector before transformation of the host cells, which may result in an increase in the number of copies and in an increased stability of the expression plasmids in the said hosts. For example, such restriction sites may correspond to sequences such as 5'-GGCCNNNNNGGCC-3' (Sfil) or 5'-GCGGCCGC-3' (Notl) in so far as these sites are extremely rare and generally absent from an expression vector.
After construction of such vectors or expression cassette, the latter are introduced into the host cells selected according to the conventional techniques described in the literature. In this respect, any method permitting the introduction of a foreign DNA into a cell can be used. This may be especially transformation, electroporation, conjugation, or any other technique known to persons skilled in the art. As an example of yeast-type hosts, the various strains of Kluyveromyces used were transformed by treating the whole cells in the presence of lithium acetate and polyethylene glycol, according to the technique described by Ito et al. [J.
Bacteriol.
153 (1983) 163]. The transformation technique described by Durrens et al.
[Curr.
Genet. 18 (1990) 7] using ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulphoxide was also used.
It is also possible to transform the yeasts by electroporation, according to the method described by Karube et al. [FEBS Letters 182 (1985) 90]. An alternative procedure is also described in detail in the examples below.
After selection of the transformed cells, the cells expressing the said polypeptides are inoculated and the recovery of the said polypeptides can be carried out, either during the cell growth for the "continuous" processes, or at the end of growth for the "batch" cultures. The polypeptides which are the subject of the present invention are then purified from the culture supernatant for their molecular, pharmacokinetic and biological characterization.
A preferred expression system for the polypeptides of the invention consists in using yeasts of the genus Kluyveromyces as host cell, transformed by certain vectors derived from the extrachromosomal replicon pKD 1 originally isolated from K. marxianus var. drosophilarum. These yeasts, and in particular K.
lactis and K. fragilis are generally capable of stably replicating the said vectors and possess, in addition, the advantage of being included in the list of G.R.A.S.
("Generally Recognized As Safe") organisms. Favoured yeasts are preferably industrial yeasts of the genus Kluyveromyces which are capable of stably replicating the said plasmids derived from the plasmid pKDI and in which has been inserted a selectable marker as well as an expression cassette permitting the secretion, at high levels, of the polypeptides of the invention.
The present invention also relates to the nucleotide sequences encoding the chimeric polypeptides described above, as well as the eukaryotic or prokaryotic recombinant cells comprising such sequences.
The present invention also relates to the application, as medicinal products, of the polypeptides according to the present invention. More particularly, the subject of the invention is any pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more polypeptides or nucleotide sequences as described above. The nucleotide sequences can indeed be used in gene therapy.
The present invention will be more fully described with the aid of the following examples, which should be considered as illustrative and non-limiting.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The representations of the plasmids indicated in the following figures are not plotted to scale and only the restriction sites important for the understanding of the clonings carried out have been indicated.
Figure 1: Schematic representation of the chimera of the HSA-PEPTIDE type (A), a chimera of the PEPTIDE-HSA type (B) and a chimera of the PEPTIDE-HSA-PEPTIDE type (C). Abbreviations used: M/LP, translational initiator methionine residue, optionally followed by a signal sequence for secretion;
HSA, mature albumin or one of its molecular variants; PEP, peptide of natural or artificial origin possessing a given therapeutic property. The PEP sequence may be present several times in the molecules of type A, B and C. The black arrow indicates the N-terminal end of the mature protein.
Figure 2: Examples of the nucleotide sequence of a HindIll restriction fragment encoding a chimeric protein of the prepro-HSA-PEPTIDE type. The black arrows indicate the end of the "pre" and "pro" regions of HSA. The MstII
restriction site is underlined and the codon specifying the termination of translation is in bold characters.
Figure 3: Restriction map for the plasmid pYG105 and generic strategy for construction of the plasmids for expression of the chimeric proteins of the present invention. Abbreviations used: P, transcriptional promoter; T, transcriptional terminator; IR, inverted repeat sequences of the plasmid pKDI;
LP, signal sequence for secretion; Apr and Kmr designate the genes for resistance to ampicillin (E. coli) and to G418 (yeasts), respectively.
Figure 4: Examples of nucleotide sequences of MstII-HindIII
restriction fragments derived from the von Willebrand factor. Representation of the structure of the Mstll-Hindlll fragment of the plasmid pYG1248 (panel A).
Representation of the structure of the Mstll-Hindlll fragment of the plasmid pYG1214 (panel B). Representation of the Mstll-Hindlll fragment of the plasmid pYG1206 (panel C); in this particular chimera, the Leu694 residue of the vWF
is also the last residue (Leu585) of the HSA. Representation of the Mstll-Hindlll fragment of the plasmid pYG1223 (panel D). The numbering of the amino acids corresponds to the numbering of the mature vWF according to Titani et al.
[Biochemistry 25 (1986) 3171-3184]. The Mstll and HindIII restriction sites are underlined and the translation termination codon is in bold characters. FIG.
4E is a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:3) of the Mstll-Hindlll restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG1248. The numbering of the amino acids (right-hand column) corresponds to the mature chimeric protein HSA-vWF470-*713 (829 residues).
The Thr470, Leu494, Asp498, Pro502, Tyr508, Leu694, Pro704 and Pro708 residues of the mature vWF are underlined.
Figure 5: The characterization of the material secreted after 4 days of culture (Erlenmeyers) of the strain CBS 293.91 transformed with the plasmids pYG1248 (plasmid for expression of a chimera of the HSA-vWF Thr470->Va1713) and pKan707 (control plasmid). In this experiment, the polypeptides for panels A, B and C were run on the same gel (8.5% SDS-PAGE) and then treated separately.
A: the results of Coomassie blue staining of a molecular weight standard (lane 2); of a supernatant equivalent to 50 l of the culture transformed with the plasmid pKan707 in YPL medium (lane 1); the plasmid pYG 1248 in YPD medium (lane 3) and the plasmid pYG 1248 in YPL medium (lane 4).
B: the results of immunological characterization of the secreted material after using mouse antibodies directed against human vWF. The lanes are the same as described for FIG. 5A except that biotinylated molecular weight standards were used (lane 2).
C: the results of immunological characterization of the secreted material after using rabbit antibodies directed against human albumin: supernatant equivalent to 50 l of the culture transformed with the plasmid pKan707 in YPL
medium (lane 1), the plasmid pYG1248 in YPD medium (lane 2) the plasmid pYG1248 in YPL medium (lane 3).
Figure 6: The kinetic analysis of secretion of a chimera of the invention by the strain CBS 293.91 transformed with the plasmid pYG1206 (HSA-vWF Leu694-Pro708).
A: Coomassie blue staining was employed. Lane 1 is the molecular weight standard, lane 2 is the supernatant equivalent to 2.5 l of a "Fed Batch"
culture in YPD medium after 24 hours of growth; lane 3 is the supernatant of the same culture after 40 hours; and lane 4 is the supernatant of the same culture after 46 hours of growth.
B: immunological characterization of the secreted material after using mouse antibodies directed against the human vWF. The lanes are the same as in A
except that biotinylated molecular weight standards were used.
Figure 7: Characterization of the material secreted by K. lactis transformed with the plasmids pKan707 (control plasmid, lane 2), pYG 1206 (lane 3), pYG1214 (lane 4) and pYG1223 (lane 5); molecular weight standard (lane 1).
The deposits correspond to 50 l of supernatant from a stationary culture after growing in YPD medium, running on an 8.5% acrylamide gel and staining with Coomassie blue.
Figure 8: Nucleotide sequence of the MstI1-Hindlll restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG1341 (HSA-UK1--),135). The limit of the EGF-like domain (UK1-46) present in the MstII-Hindlll restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG1340 is indicated. The numbering of the amino acids corresponds to the mature chimeric protein SAU-UK1- 135 (720 residues).
Figure 9: Secretion of the HSA-UK1-46 and HSA-UK1-135 chimeras by the strain CBS 293.91 respectively transformed with the plasmids pYG1343 (HSA-UKI-46) and pYG1345 (HSA-UK1-135), after 4 days of growth (YPL+G418 medium). The deposits (equivalent to 50 l of culture) are run on an 8.5% PAGE-SDS gel and stained with Coomassie blue: supernatant from a clone transformed with the plasmids pKan707 (lane 1), pYG1343 (lane 3) or pYG1345 (lane 4); molecular weight standard (lane 2).
Figure 10: Nucleotide sequence of the MstII-Hindlll restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG1259 (HSA-G.CSF). The limit of the G-CSF part (174 residues) is indicated. The Apal and Sstl (Sstl) restriction sites are underlined. The numbering of the amino acids corresponds to the mature chimeric protein HSA-G.CSF (759 residues).
Figure 11: The nucleotide sequence of the HindIII restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG1301 (chimera G.CSF-Gly4 -HSA). The black arrows indicate the end of the "pre" and "pro" regions of HSA. The Apal, Sstl (SacI) and MstIl restriction sites are underlined. The G.CSF (174 residues) and HSA (585 residues) domains are separated by the synthetic linker GGGG. The numbering of the amino acids corresponds to the mature chimeric protein G.CSF-Gly4-SAH (763 residues).
The nucleotide sequence between the translation termination codon and the HindIIl site comes from the HSA complementary DNA (cDNA) as described in Patent Application EP 361 991.
Figure 12: The characterization of the material secreted after 4 days of culture (erlenmeyers) of the strain CBS 293.91 transformed with the plasmids pYG1266 (plasmid for expression of a chimera of the HSA-G.CSF type) and pKan707 (control plasmid). In this experiment, the polypeptides for panels A, B
and C were run on the same gel (8.5% SDS-PAGE) and then treated separately.
A: coomassie blue staining of a molecular weight standard (lane 2);
supernatant equivalent to 100 l of culture transformed with the plasmid pKan707 in YPL medium (lane 1); the plasmid pYG1266 in YPD medium (lane 3) and the plasmid pYG 1266 in YPL medium (lane 4).
B: immunological characterization of the material secreted after using primary antibodies directed against human G-CSF. The lanes are as described above for A.
C: immunological characterization of the material secreted after using primary antibodies directed against human albumin. The lanes are as described above for A.
Figure 13: Characterization of the material secreted after 4 days of culture (erlenmeyers in YPD medium) of the strain CBS 293.91 transformed with the plasmids pYG1267 (chimera HSA-G.CSF), pYG1303 (chimera G.CSF-Gly4-HSA) and pYG1352 (chimera HSA-G1y4-G.CSF) after running on an 8.5% SDS-PAGE gel.
A: coomassie blue staining of a supernatant equivalent to 100 l of the culture transformed with the plasmid pYG1303 (lane 1), the plasmid pYG1267 (lane 2), and the plasmid pYG1352 (lane 3). Lane 4 is the molecular weight standard.
B: immunological characterization of the material secreted after using primary antibodies directed against the human G-CSF: same legend as in A.
Figure 14: Nucleotide sequence of the MstII-HindIIl restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG1382 (HSA-Fv'). The VH (124 residues) and VL (107 residues) domains of the Fv' fragment are separated by the synthetic linker (GGGGS)x3. The numbering of the amino acids corresponds to the mature chimeric protein HSA-Fv' (831 residues).
Figure 15: Characterization of the secretion of the chimera HSA-Fv' by the strain CBS 293.91 transformed with the plasmid pYG1383 (LAC4) after 4 days of growth in erlenmeyers at 28 C. in YPD medium (lane 2), and in YPL medium (lane 3). Lane 1 shows the molecular weight standard. The deposits, equivalent to 200 1 of culture (precipitation with ethanol), are run on a PAGE-SDS gel (8.5%).
A: coomassie blue staining of the gel.
B: immunological characterization of the material secreted after using primary antibodies directed against HSA.
Figure 16: Assay of the in vitro antagonistic activity of the agglutination of human platelets fixed with formaldehyde: IC50 of the hybrids HSA-vWF694-708, [HSA-vWF470-713 C471G, C474G] and [HSA-vWF470-704 C471G, C474G] compared with the standard RG12986. The determination of the dose-dependent inhibition of the platelet agglutination is carried out according to the method described by C. Prior et al. [Bio/Technology (1992) 10 66] using an aggregameter recording the variations in optical transmission, with stirring, at 37 C. in the presence of human vWF, botrocetin (8.2 mg/ml) of the test product at various dilutions. The concentration of the product which makes it possible to inhibit the control agglutination (in the absence of product) by half is then determined (IC50).
Figure 17: Activity on the in vitro cellular proliferation of the murine line NFS60. The radioactivity (3H-thymidine) incorporated into the cellular nuclei after 6 hours of incubation is represented on the y-axis (cpm); the quantity of product indicated on the x-axis is expressed in molarity (arbitrary units).
Figure 18: Activity on granulopoiesis in vivo in rats. The number of neutrophils (average for 7 animals) is indicated on the y-axis as a function of time.
The products tested are the chimera HSA-G.CSF (pYG1266), 4 or 40 mg/rat/day), the reference G-CSF (10 mg/rat/day), the recombinant HSA purified from Kluyveromyces lactis supernatant (HSA, 30 mg/rat/day, cf. EP 361 991), or physiological saline.
EXAMPLES
GENERAL CLONING TECHNIQUES
The methods conventionally used in molecular biology, such as the preparative extractions of plasmid DNA, the centrifugation of plasmid DNA in caesium chloride gradient, electrophoresis on agarose or acrylamide gels, purification of DNA fragments by electroelution, extractions of proteins with phenol or phenol-chloroform, DNA precipitation in saline medium with ethanol or isopropanol, transformation in Escherichia coli, and the like are well known to persons skilled in the art and are widely described in the literature [Maniatis T. et al., "Molecular Cloning, a Laboratory Manual", Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1982; Ausubel F. M. et al. (eds), "Current Protocols in Molecular Biology", John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1987].
The restriction enzymes were provided by New England Biolabs (Biolabs), Bethesda Research Laboratories (BRL) or Amersham and are used according to the recommendations of the suppliers.
The pBR322 and pUC type plasmids and the phages of the M13 series are of commercial origin (Bethesda Research Laboratories).
For the ligations, the DNA fragments are separated according to their size by electrophoresis on agarose or acrylamide gels, extracted with phenol or with a phenol/chloroform mixture, precipitated with ethanol and then incubated in the presence of phage T4 DNA ligase (Biolabs) according to the recommendations of the manufacturer.
The filling of the protruding 5' ends is carried out by the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I of E. coli (Biolabs) according to the specifications of the supplier. The destruction of the protruding 3' ends is carried out in the presence of phage T4 DNA polymerase (Biolabs) used according to the recommendations of the manufacturer. The destruction of the protruding 5' ends is carried out by a controlled treatment with S 1 nuclease.
Site-directed mutagenesis in vitro with synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides is carried out according to the method developed by Taylor et al. [Nucleic Acids Res. 13 (1985) 8749-8764] using the kit distributed by Amersham.
The enzymatic amplification of DNA fragments by the so-called PCR technique Polymerase-catalyzed Chain Reaction, [Saiki R. K. et al., Science 230 (1985) 1350-1354; Mullis K. B. and Faloona F. A., Meth. Enzym. 155 (1987) 335-350] is carried out using a "DNA thermal cycler" (Perkin Elmer Cetus) according to the specifications of the manufacturer.
The verification of the nucleotide sequences is carried out by the method developed by Sanger et al. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 74 (1977) 5467] using the kit distributed by Amersham.
The transformations of K. lactis with DNA from the plasmids for expression of the proteins of the present invention are carried out by any technique known to persons skilled in the art, and of which an example is given in the text.
Except where otherwise stated, the bacterial strains used are E. coli MC1060 (lacIPOZYA, X74, galU, galK, strA`), or E. coli TG1 (lac, proA,B, supE, thi, hsdD5/FtraD36, proA+ B+, IacI9, lacZ, M15).
The yeast strains used belong to the budding yeasts and more particularly to yeasts of the genus Kluyveromyces. The K. lactis MW98-8C (a, uraA, arg, lys, K, pKD1 ) and K. lactis CBS 293.91 strain were particularly used;
a sample of the MW98-8C strain was deposited on 16 Sep. 1988 at Centraalbureau voor Schimmelkulturen (CBS) at Baarn (the Netherlands) where it was registered under the number CBS 579.88.
A bacterial strain (E. coli) transformed with the plasmid pET-8c52K
was deposited on 17 Apr. 1990 with the American Type Culture Collection under the number ATCC 68306.
The yeast strains transformed with the expression plasmids encoding the proteins of the present invention are cultured in erlenmeyers or in 21 pilot fermenters (SETRIC, France) at 28 C. in rich medium (YPD: 1% yeast extract, 2%
Bactopeptone, 2% glucose; or YPL: 1% yeast extract, 2% Bactopeptone, 2%
lactose) with constant stirring.
EXAMPLE 1: COUPLING AT THE C-TERMINUS OF HSA
The plasmid pYG404 is described in Patent Application EP 361 991.
This plasmid contains a HindIII restriction fragment encoding the prepro-HSA
gene preceded by the 21 nucleotides naturally present immediately upstream of the initiator ATG for translation of the PGK gene of S. cerevisiae. The nucleotide sequence of this restriction fragment is included in that of FIG. 2. The Mstll site localized in the coding sequence, three residues from the codon specifying the end of translation is particularly useful as site for cloning a biologically active peptide which it is desired to couple in translational phase at the C-terminus of HSA.
In a specific embodiment, it is useful to use peptides whose sequence is encoded by an MstIl-Hindlll restriction fragment of the type: 5'-CCTTAGGCTTA [3xN]P
TAAGCTT-3', the sequence encoding the biologically active peptide (p residues) is [3xN]P). The ligation of this fragment to the HindIll-MstII restriction fragment corresponding to the entire gene encoding HSA, with the exception of the three C-terminal-most amino acids (leucine-glycine-leucine residues) generates a HindIII
restriction fragment containing a hybrid gene encoding a chimeric protein of the HSA-PEPTIDE type (FIG. 1, panel A), immediately preceded by the "prepro"
export region of HSA. In another embodiment, the biologically active peptide may be present more than once in the chimera.
EXAMPLE 2: COUPLING AT THE N-TERMINUS OF HSA
In a specific embodiment, the combined techniques of site-directed mutagenesis and PCR amplification make it possible to construct hybrid genes encoding a chimeric protein resulting from the translational coupling between a signal peptide (and for example the prepro region of HSA), a sequence including the biologically active peptide and the mature form of HSA or one of its molecular variants. These hybrid genes are preferably bordered in 5' of the translational initiator ATG and in 3' of the translational stop codon by HindIII restriction sites and encode chimeric proteins of the PEPTIDE-HSA type (FIG. 1, panel B). In a still more specific embodiment, the biologically active peptide may be present more than once in the chimera.
EXAMPLE 3: COUPLING AT THE N- AND C-TERMINUS OF HSA
The combined techniques of site-directed mutagenesis and PCR
amplification described in Examples 1 and 2 make it possible to construct hybrid genes encoding a chimeric protein resulting from the translational coupling between the mature form of HSA, or one of its molecular variants, and a biologically active peptide coupled to the N- and C-terminal ends of HSA.
These hybrid genes are preferably bordered in 5' of the translational initiator ATG
and in 3' of the translational stop codon by Hindlll restriction sites and encode chimeric proteins of the PEPTIDE-HSA-PEPTIDE type (FIG. 1, panel C), immediately preceded by the "prepro" export region of HSA. In a still more specific embodiment, the biologically active peptide may be present more than once in the chimera.
EXAMPLE 4: EXPRESSION PLASMIDS
The chimeric proteins of the preceding examples can be expressed in yeasts using functional, regulatable or constitutive promoters such as, for example, those present in the plasmids pYG105 (LAC4 promoter of Kluyveromyces lactis), pYG106 (PGK promoter of Saccharomyces cerevisiae), pYG536 (PHO5 promoter of S. cerevisiae), or hybrid promoters such as those described in Patent Application EP 361 991. The plasmids pYG105 and pYG106 are particularly useful here because they permit the expression of the genes encoded by the HindIII
restriction fragments as described in the preceding examples and cloned into the HindIII site and in the productive orientation (defined as the orientation which places the "prepro" region of albumin proximally relative to the promoter for transcription), using promoters which are functional in K. lactis, regulatable (pYG105) or constitutive (pYG106). The plasmid pYG105 corresponds to the plasmid pKan707 described in Patent Application EP 361 991 in which the HindIII
restriction site which is unique and localized in the gene for resistance to geneticin (G418) has been destroyed by site-directed mutagenesis while preserving an unchanged protein (oligodeoxynucleotide 5'-GAAA-TGCATAAGCTCTTGCCATTCTCACCG-3'). The Sall-Sacl fragment encoding the URA3 gene of the mutated plasmid was then replaced with a Sall-SacI
restriction fragment containing an expression cassette consisting of the LAC4 promoter of K. lactis (in the form of a SalI-HindIII fragment) and the terminator of the PGK gene of S. cerevisiae (in the form of a HindIII-Sac1 fragment). The plasmid pYG105 is mitotically very stable in the Kluyveromyces yeasts and a restriction map thereof is given in FIG. 3. The plasmids pYG105 and pYG106 differ from each other only in the nature of the promoter for transcription encoded by the SalI-HindI1I fragment.
EXAMPLE 5: TRANSFORMATION OF THE YEASTS
The transformation of the yeasts belonging to the genus Kluyveromyces, and in particular the strains MW98-8C and CBS 293.91 of K.
lactis is carried out for example by the technique for treating whole cells with lithium acetate Ito H. et al., [J. Bacteriol. 153 (1983) 163-168], adapted as follows.
The growth of the cells is carried out at 28 C. in 50 ml of YPD medium, with stirring and up to an optical density of 600 nm (OD600) of between 0.6 and 0.8; the cells are harvested by centrifugation at low speed, washed in a sterile solution of TE
(10 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4; 1 mM EDTA), resuspended in 3-4 ml of lithium acetate (0.1M in TE) in order to obtain a cellular density of about 2 x 108 cells/ml, and then incubated at 30 C. for 1 hour with moderate stirring. Aliquots of 0.1 ml of the resulting suspension of competent cells are incubated at 30 C. for 1 hour in the presence of DNA and at a final concentration of 35% polyethylene glycol (PEG4000, Sigma). After a heat shock of 5 minutes at 42 C., the cells are washed twice, resuspended in 0.2 ml of sterile water and incubated for 16 hours at 28 C. in 2 ml of YPD medium in order to permit the phenotypic expression of the gene for resistance to G418 expressed under the control of the Pkl promoter (cf. EP 361 991); 200 l of the cellular suspension are then plated on selective YPD
dishes (G418, 200 g/ml). The dishes are incubated at 28 C. and the transformants appear after 2 to 3 days of cell growth.
EXAMPLE 6:SECRETION OF THE CHIMERAS
After selection on rich medium supplemented with G418, the recombinant clones are tested for their capacity to secrete the mature form of the chimeric proteins. Few clones, corresponding to the strain CBS 293.91 or MW98-8C transformed by the plasmids for expression of the chimeras between HSA and the biologically active part, are incubated in YPD or YPL medium at 28 C. The cellular supernatants are recovered by centrifugation when the cells reach the stationary growth phase, optionally concentrated 10 times by precipitation for minutes at -20 C. in a final concentration of 60% ethanol, and then tested after electrophoresis on an 8.5% SDS-PAGE gel, either directly by staining the gel with coomassie blue, or after immunoblotting using primary antibodies directed against the biologically active part or a rabbit polyclonal serum directed against HSA.
During the experiments for immunological detection, the nitrocellulose filter is first incubated in the presence of specific primary antibodies, washed several times, incubated in the presence of goat antibodies directed against the primary antibodies, and then incubated in the presence of an avidin-peroxidase complex using the "ABC kit" distributed by Vectastain (Biosys S. A., Compiegne, France). The immunological reaction is then revealed by the addition of 3,3'-diamino benzidine tetrahydrochloride (Prolabo) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, according to the recommendations of the manufacturer.
EXAMPLE 7: CHIMERAS DERIVED FROM THE VON WILLEBRAND
FACTOR
E.7.1. Fragments Antagonizing the Binding of vWF to the Platelets E.7.1.1. Thr470-Va1713 Residues of vWF
The plasmid pET-8c52K contains a fragment of the vWF cDNA encoding residues 445 to 733 of human vWF and therefore includes several crucial determinants of the interaction between vWF and the platelets on the one hand, and certain elements of the basal membrane and the sub-endothelial tissue on the other, and especially the peptides G10 and D5 which antagonize the interaction between vWF and GPIb Mori H. et al., [J. Biol. Chem. 263 (1988) 17901-17904]. This peptide sequence is identical to the corresponding sequence described by Titani et al. [Biochemistry 25, (1986) 3171-3184]. The amplification of these genetic determinants can be carried out using the plasmid pET-8c52K, for example by the PCR amplification technique, using as primer oligodeoxynucleotides encoding contiguous residues localized on either side of the sequence to be amplified.
The amplified fragments are then cloned into vectors of the M 13 type for their verification by sequencing using either the universal primers situated on either side of the multiple cloning site, or oligodeoxynucleotides specific for the amplified region of the vWF gene of which the sequence of several isomorphs is known Sadler J. E. et al., [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 82 (1985) 6394-6398]; Verweij C.
L. et al., [EMBO J. 5 (1986) 1839-1847]; Shelton-Inloes B. B. et al., [Biochemistry (1986) 3164-3171]; Bonthron D. et al., [Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (1986) 7125-7127].
Thus, the PCR amplification of the plasmid pET-8c52K with the oligodeoxynucleotides 5'-CCCGGGATCCCTTAGGCTTAACCTGTGAAGCCTG
C-3' (Sq1969, the MstII site is underlined) and 5'-CCCGGGATCCAAGCTTA-GACTTGTGCCATGTCG-3' (Sq2029, the Hindlll site is underlined) generates an MstII-HindI1l restriction fragment including the Thr470 to Va1713 residues of vWF
(FIG. 4, panel E). The ligation of this fragment to the HindI1I-MstII
restriction fragment corresponding to the entire gene encoding HSA, with the exception of the three C-terminal most amino acids (cf. FIG. 2) generates a Hindlll restriction fragment containing a hybrid gene encoding a chimeric protein of the HSA-PEPTIDE type (FIG. 1, panel A), immediately preceded by the "prepro" export region of HSA. This restriction fragment is cloned in the productive orientation and into the Hindlll site of the plasmid pYG105, which generates the expression plasmid pYG 1248 (HSA-vWF470-713).
E.7.1.2. Molecular Variants:
In another embodiment, the binding site of vWF is a peptide including the Thr470 to Asp498 residues of the mature vWF. This sequence including the peptide G10 (Cys474-Pro488) described by Mori et al. [J. Biol. Chem. 263 (1988) 17901-17904] and capable of antagonizing the interaction of human vWF with the GPIb of the human platelets. The sequence corresponding to the peptide G10 is first included in an MstII-Hindlll restriction fragment (FIG. 4, panel B), for example by PCR amplification of the plasmid pET-8c52K with the oligodeoxynucleotides Sq1969 and 5'-CCCGGGATCCAAGCTTAGTCCTCCACATACAG-3' (Sq1970, the HindIII site is underlined), which generates an MstII-HindI11 restriction fragment including the peptide G 10, and whose sequence is: 5'-CCTTAGGCTTAACCTGTGAAGCCTGCCAGGAGCCGGGAGGCCTGGT-GGTGCCTCCCACAGATGCCCCGGTGAGCCCCACCACTCTGTA-TGTGGAGGACTAAGCTT-3' (the sequence encoding the peptide G10 is in bold characters). The ligation of this fragment to the Hindlll-Mstll restriction fragment corresponding to the entire gene encoding HSA, with the exception of the three C-terminal most amino acids (cf. FIG. 2) generates a HindIII restriction fragment containing a hybrid gene encoding a chimeric protein of the HSA-PEPTIDE type (FIG. 1, panel A), immediately preceded by the "prepro" export region of HSA.
This restriction fragment is cloned in the productive orientation into the HindIIl site of the plasmid pYG105, which generates the expression plasmid pYG1214.
In another embodiment, the site for binding of vWF to GPlb is directly designed with the aid of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides, and for example the oligodeoxynucleotides 5'-TTAGGCCTCTGTGACCTTGCCCCTGA-AG-CCCCTCCTCCTACTCTGCCCCCCTAAGCTTA-3' (SEQ ID NO:26) and 5'-GATCTAAG-CTTAGGGGGGCAGAGTAGGAGGAGGGGCTTCAGGG-GCAAGGTCACAGAGGCC-3' (SEQ ID NO:27). These oligodeoxynucleotides form, by pairing, a Mstll-Bg1Il restriction fragment including the MstII-Hindlll fragment (FIG. 4, panel C) corresponding to the peptide D5 defined by the Leu694 to Pro708 residues of vWF. The ligation of the MstII-HindIII fragment to the HindI1l-MstII restriction fragment corresponding to the entire gene encoding HSA
with the exception of the three C-terminal most amino acids (cf. FIG. 2) generates a Hindlll restriction fragment containing a hybrid gene encoding a chimeric protein of the HSA-PEPTIDE type (FIG. 1, panel A), immediately preceded by the "prepro" export region of HSA. This restriction fragment is cloned in the productive orientation into the Hindlll site of the plasmid pYG 105, which generates the expression plasmid pYG1206.
Useful variants of the plasmid pET-8c52K are deleted by site-directed mutagenesis between the peptides GIO and G5, for example sites for binding to collagen, and/or to heparin, and/or to botrocetin, and/or to sulphatides and/or to ristocetin. One example is the plasmid pMMB9 deleted by site-directed mutagenesis between the residues Cys509 and I1e662. The PCR amplification of this plasmid with the oligodeoxynucleotides Sq1969 and Sq2029 generates an Mstll-HindIIl restriction fragment (FIG. 4, panel D) including the Thr470 to Tyr508 and Arg663 to Va1713 residues and in particular the peptides G10 and D5 of vWF and deleted in particular of its site for binding to collagen localized between the residues G1u542 and Met622 Roth G. J. et al., [Biochemistry 25 (1986) 8357-8361]. The ligation of this fragment to the HindIII-Mst11 restriction fragment corresponding to the entire gene encoding HSA, with the exception of the three C-terminal most amino acids (cf. FIG. 2) generates a Hindlll restriction fragment containing a hybrid gene encoding a chimeric protein of the HSA-PEPTIDE type (FIG. 1, panel A), immediately preceded by the "prepro" export region of HSA.
This restriction fragment is cloned in the productive orientation into the Hindlll site of the plasmid pYG105, which generates the expression plasmid pYG1223.
In other embodiments, the use of combined techniques of site-directed mutagenesis and PCR amplification makes it possible to generate at will variants of the MstII-HindIIl restriction fragment of panel A of FIG. 4 but deleted of one or more sites for binding to sulphatides and/or to botrocetin and/or to heparin and/or to collagen, and/or substituted by any residue involved in the vWF-associated emergence of IIB type pathologies.
In other useful variants of the plasmid pET-8c52K, mutations are introduced, for example by site-directed mutagenesis, in order to replace or suppress all or part of the set of cysteines present at positions 471, 474, 509 and 695 of the human vWF. Specific examples are the plasmids p5E and p7E in which the cysteins present at positions 471 and 474, on the one hand, and at positions 471, 474, 509 and 695, on the other hand, have been respectively replaced by glycine residues. The PCR amplification of these plasmids with the oligodeoxynucleotides Sq2149 (5'-CCCGGGATCCCTTAGGCTTAACCGGTGAAGCCGGC-3' (SEQ ID
NO:28), the MstII site is underlined) and Sq2029 makes it possible to generate MstII-HindIlI restriction fragments including the Thr470 to Va1713 residues of the natural vWF with the exception that at least the cystein residues at positions and 474 were mutated to glycine residues. The ligation of these fragments to the HindIII-MstII restriction fragment corresponding to the entire gene encoding HSA
with the exception of the three C-terminal most amino acids (cf. FIG. 2) generates a HindIIl restriction fragment containing a hybrid gene encoding a chimeric protein of the HSA-PEPTIDE type (FIG. 1, panel A), immediately preceded by the "prepro" export region of HSA. These restriction fragments are cloned in the productive orientation into the HindIII site of the plasmid pYG105, which generates the expression plasmids pYG1283 (chimera HSA-vWF470-713, C471G, C474G) and pYG1279 (chimera HSA-vWF470-713, C471G, C474G, C509G, C695G).
Other particularly useful mutations affect at least one residue involved in vWF-associated type IIB pathologies (increase in the intrinsic affinity of vWF
for GP1b), such as the residues Arg543, Arg545, Trp550, Va1551, Va1553, Pro574 or Arg578 for example. The genetic recombination techniques in vitro also make it possible to introduce at will one or more additional residues into the sequence of vWF and for example a supernumerary methionine between positions Asp539 and G1u542.
E.7.2. Fragments Antagonizing the Binding of vWF to the Sub-Endothelium In a specific embodiment, the sites for binding of vWF to the components of the sub-endothelial tissue, and for example collagen, are generated by PCR
amplification of the plasmid pET-8c52K, for example with the oligodeoxynucleotides Sq2258 (5'-GGATCCTTAGGGCT-GTGCAGCAGGCTACTGGACCTGGTC-3', the Mstll site is underlined) and Sq2259 (5'-GAATTCAAGCTTAACAGAGGTAGCTAA-CGATCTCGTCCC-3', the Hindlll site is underlined), which generates an MstII-HindIIl restriction fragment encoding the Cys509 to Cys695 residues of the natural vWF. Deletion molecular variants or modified variants are also generated which contain any desired combination between the sites for binding of vWF to the sulphatides and/or to botrocetin and/or to heparin and/or to collagen and/or any residue responsible for a modification of the affinity of vWF for GPIb (vWF-associated type II
pathologies). In another embodiment, the domain capable of binding to collagen may also come from the vWF fragment which is between the residues 911 and 1114 and described by Pareti et al. [J. Biol. Chem. (1987) 262: 13835-13841].
The ligation of these fragments to the HindIIl-MstII restriction fragment corresponding to the entire gene encoding HSA with the exception of the three C-terminal most amino acids (cf. FIG. 2) generates Hindlll restriction fragments containing a hybrid gene encoding a chimeric protein of the HSA-PEPTIDE type (FIG. 1, panel A), immediately preceded by the "prepro" export region of HSA. These restriction fragments are cloned in the productive orientation into the Hindlll site of the plasmid pYG105, which generates the corresponding expression plasmids, and for example the plasmid pYG1277 (HSA-vWF509-695).
E.7.3. Purification and Molecular Characterization of the Chimeras Between HSA and vWF
The chimeras present in the culture supernatants corresponding to the CBS
293.91 strain transformed, for example with the expression plasmids according to Examples E.7.1. and E.7.2., are characterized in a first instance by means of antibodies specific for the HSA part and for the vWF part. The results of FIGS. 5 to 7 demonstrate that the yeast K. lactis is capable of secreting chimeric proteins between HSA and a fragment of vWF, and that these chimeras are immunologically reactive. It may also be desirable to purify some of these chimeras. The culture is then centrifuged (10,000 g, 30 min), the supernatant is passed through a 0.22 mm filter (Millipore) and then concentrated by ultrafiltration (Amicon) using a membrane whose discrimination threshold is situated at 30 kDa. The concentrate obtained is then dialysed against a Tris-HCl solution (50 mM pH 8) and then purified on a column. For example, the concentrate corresponding to the culture supernatant of the CBS 293.91 strain transformed with the plasmid pYG1206 is purified by affinity chromatography on Blue-Trisacryl (IBF). A purification by ion-exchange chromatography can also be used. For example, in the case of the chimera HSA-vWF470-713, the concentrate obtained after ultrafiltration is dialysed against a Tris-HC1 solution (50 mM pH 8), and then loaded in 20 ml fractions onto a cation-exchange column (5 ml) (S Fast Flow, Pharmacia) equilibrated in the same buffer. The column is then washed several times with the Tris-HC1 solution (50 mM pH 8) and the chimeric protein is then eluted from the column by an NaC1 gradient (0 to 1M). The fractions containing the chimeric protein are then pooled and dialysed against a 50 mM Tris-HCI solution (pH 8) and then reloaded onto the S Fast Flow column. After elution of the column, the fractions containing the protein are pooled, dialysed against water and freeze-dried before characterization:
for example, sequencing (Applied Biosystem) of the protein [HSA-vWF470-704 C471G, C474G] secreted by the yeast CBS 293.91 gives the N-terminal sequence expected for HSA (Asp-Ala-His ...), demonstrating a correct maturation of the chimera immediately at the C-terminus of the doublet of residues Arg-Arg of the "pro" region of HSA (FIG. 2). The essentially monomeric character of the chimeric proteins between HSA and vWF is also confirmed by their elution profile on a TSK
3000 column [Toyo Soda Company, equilibrated with a cacodylate solution (pH 7) containing 0.2M Na2SO4]: for example the chimera [HSA-vWF 470-704 C471G, C474G] behaves under the conditions like a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 95 kDa, demonstrating its monomeric character.
EXAMPLE 8: CHIMERAS DERIVED FROM UROKINASE
E.8.1. Constructs A fragment corresponding to the amino-terminal fragment of urokinase (ATF: EGF-like domain + kringle domain) can be obtained from the corresponding messenger RNA of cells of certain human carcinoma, for example using the RT-PCR kit distributed by Pharmacia. An MstI1-HindIII restriction fragment including the ATF of human urokinase is given in FIG. 8. The ligation of the HindI11-MstII
fragment of the plasmid pYG404 to this MstII-HindIII fragment makes it possible to generate the Hindlll fragment of the plasmid pYG1341 which encodes a chimeric protein in which the HSA molecule is genetically coupled to the ATF
(HSA-UK1-*135). Likewise, the plasmid pYG1340 contains a Hindlll fragment encoding a chimera composed of HSA immediately followed by the first 46 residues of human urokinase (HSA-UK1-46, cf. FIG. 8). The cloning in the productive orientation, of the Hindlll restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG
(HSA-UK1-46) into the Hindlll site of the plasmids pYG105 (LAC4) and pYG106 (PGK) generates the expression plasmids pYG1343 and pYG1342 respectively. Likewise, the cloning, in the productive orientation, of the Hindlll restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG1341 (HSA-UK1--->135) into the Hindlll site of the plasmids pYG105 (LAC4) and pYG106 (PGK) generates the expression plasmids pYG1345 and pYG1344 respectively.
E.8.2. Secretion of the Hybrids After selection on rich medium supplemented with G418, the recombinant clones are tested for their capacity to secrete the mature form of the chimeric proteins HSA-UK. A few clones corresponding to the strain K. lactis CBS
293.91, which is transformed with the expression plasmids according to Example E.9.1., are incubated in selective complete liquid medium at 28 C. The cellular supernatants are then tested after electrophoresis on an 8.5% acrylamide gel, either directly by staining of the gel with coomassie blue, or after immunoblotting using as primary antibodies a rabbit polyclonal serum directed against human albumin or against human urokinase. The results of FIG. 9 demonstrate that the hybrid proteins HSA-UK1--46 and HSA-UK1-*135 are particularly well secreted by the yeast Kluyveromyces.
E.8.3 Purification of the Chimeras Between HSA and Urokinase After centrifugation of a culture of the CBS 293.91 strain transformed with the expression plasmids according to Example E.8.1., the culture supernatant is passed through a 0.22 mm filter (Millipore) and then concentrated by ultrafiltration (Amicon) using a membrane whose discrimination threshold is situated at 30 kDa.
The concentrate obtained is then adjusted to 50 mM Tris-HCl starting with a stock solution of 1M Tris-HCi (pH 7), and then loaded in 20 ml fractions onto an anion-exchange column (3 ml) (D-Zephyr, Sepracor) equilibrated in the same buffer.
The chimeric protein (HSA-UK1--+46 or HSA-UK1-135) is then eluted from the column by a gradient (0 to 1M) of NaCI. The fractions containing the chimeric protein are then pooled and dialysed against a 50 mM Tris-HC1 solution (pH 6) and reloaded onto a D-Zephyr column equilibrated in the same buffer. After elution of the column, the fractions containing the protein are pooled, dialysed against water and freeze-dried before characterization of their biological activity and especially with respect to their ability to displace urokinase from its cellular receptor.
EXAMPLE 9: CHIMERAS DERIVED FROM G-CSF
E.9.1. Constructs E.9.1.1. Coupling at the C-terminus of HSA.
An MstII-HindIII restriction fragment including the mature form of human G-CSF is generated, for example according to the following strategy: a Kpnl-HindIII restriction fragment is first obtained by the enzymatic PCR
amplification technique using the oligodeoxynucleotides Sq2291 (5'-CAAGGATCCAAGCTTCAGGGCTGCGCAAGGTGGCGTAG-3', the HindIII
site is underlined) and Sq2292 (5'-CGGGGTACCTTAGGCTTAACCCCCCTG-GGCCCTGCCAGC-3', the KpnI site is underlined) as primer on the plasmid BBG13 serving as template. The plasmid BBG13 contains the gene encoding the B
form (174 amino acids) of mature human G-CSF, which is obtained from British Bio-technology Limited, Oxford, England. The enzymatic amplification product of about 550 nucleotides is then digested with the restriction enzymes KpnI and HindIII and cloned into the vector pUC19 cut with the same enzymes, which generates the recombinant plasmid pYG1255. This plasmid is the source of an MstII-HindlII restriction fragment which makes it possible to fuse G-CSF
immediately downstream of HSA (chimera HSA-G.CSF) and whose nucleotide sequence is given in FIG. 10.
It may also be desirable to insert a peptide linker between the HSA
part and G-CSF, for example in order to permit a better functional presentation of the transducing part. An MstII-HindIII restriction fragment is for example generated by substitution of the MstII-Apal fragment of the plasmid pYG1255 by the oligodeoxynucleotides Sq2742 (5'-TTAGGCTTA-GGTGGTGGCGGTACCCCCCTGGGCC-3', the codons encoding the glycine residues of this particular linker are underlined) and Sq2741 (5'-CAGGGGGGTACCGCCACCACCTAAGCC-3') which form, by pairing, an MstII-Apa1 fragment. The plasmid thus generated therefore contains an MstH-HindIII restriction fragment whose sequence is identical to that of FIG. 10 with the exception of the MstII-Apal fragment.
The ligation of the HindIIl-MstII fragment of the plasmid pYG404 to the MstII-HindIII fragment of the plasmid pYG1255 makes it possible to generate the Hindlll fragment of the plasmid pYG1259 which encodes a chimeric protein in which the B form of the mature G-CSF is positioned by genetic coupling in translational phase at the C-terminus of the HSA molecule (HSA-G.CSF).
An identical Hindlll restriction fragment, with the exception of the MstII-Apal fragment, may also be easily generated and which encodes a chimeric protein in which the B form of the mature G-CSF is positioned by genetic coupling in translational phase at the C-terminus of the HSA molecule and a specific peptide linker. For example, this linker consists of 4 glycine residues in the Hindlll fragment of the plasmid pYG1336 (chimera HSA-Gly4-G.CSF).
The Hindlll restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG1259 is cloned in the productive orientation and into the Hindlll restriction site of the expression plasmid pYG105, which generates the expression plasmid pYG1266 (HSA-G.CSF). In another exemplification, the cloning of the HindIII restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG1259 in the productive orientation and into the Hindlll site of the plasmid pYG 106 generates the plasmid pYG 1267. The plasmids pYG 1266 and pYG1267 are mutually isogenic with the exception of the SalI-HindIII
restriction fragment encoding the LAC4 promoter of K. lactis (plasmid pYG1266) or the PGK
promoter of S. cerevisiae (plasmid pYG1267).
In another exemplification, the cloning in the productive orientation of the Hindlll restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG1336 (chimera HSA-Gly4-G.CSF) into the Hindlll site of the plasmids pYG105 (LAC4) and pYG106 (PGK) generates the expression plasmids pYG1351 and pYG1352 respectively.
E.9.1.2. Coupling at the N-terminus of HSA
In a specific embodiment, the combined techniques of site-directed mutagenesis and PCR amplification make it possible to construct hybrid genes encoding a chimeric protein resulting from the translational coupling between a signal peptide (and for example the prepro region of HSA), a sequence including a gene having a G-CSF activity, and the mature form of HSA or one of its molecular variants (cf. chimera of panel B, FIG. 1). These hybrid genes are preferably bordered in 5' of the translational initiator ATG and in 3' of the translational stop codon by HindIII restriction sites. For example the oligodeoxynucleotide Sq2369 (5'-GTTCTACGCCACCTTG-CGCAGCCCGGTGGAGGCGGTGATGCACACAAGAGTGAGGTTGCTCAT-CGG-3' the residues underlined (optional) correspond in this particular chimera to a peptide linker composed of 4 glycine residues) makes it possible, by site-directed mutagenesis, to put in translational phase the mature form of the human G-CSF
of the plasmid BBG13 immediately upstream of the mature form of HSA, which generates the intermediate plasmid A. Likewise, the use of the oligodeoxynucleotide Sq2338 [5'-CAGGGAGCTGGCAGGGCCCAGGGGG-GTTCGACGAAACACACCCCTGGAATAAGCCGAGCT-3' (non-coding strand), the nucleotides complementary to the nucleotides encoding the first N-terminal residues of the mature form of the human G-CSF are underlined] makes it possible, by site-directed mutagenesis, to couple in translational reading phase the prepro region of HSA immediately upstream of the mature form of the human G-CSF, which generates the intermediate plasmid B. A HindIII fragment encoding a chimeric protein of the PEPTIDE-HSA type (cf. FIG. 1, panel B) is then generated by combining the HindIIl-Sstl fragment of the plasmid B(joining prepro region of HSA+N-terminal fragment of the mature G-CSF) with the Sstl-HindII1 fragment of the plasmid A[joining mature G-CSF-(glycine)ic4 - mature HSA]. The plasmid pYG1301 contains this specific HindIII restriction fragment encoding the chimera G.CSF-Gly4-HSA fused immediately downstream of the prepro region of HSA
(FIG. 11). The cloning of this HindIII restriction fragment in the productive orientation and into the HindIII site of the plasmids pYG105 (LAC4) and pYG106 (PGK) generates the expression plasmids pYG1302 and pYG 1303 respectively.
E.9.2. Secretion of the Hybrids.
After selection on rich medium supplemented with G418, the recombinant clones are tested for their capacity to secrete the mature form of the chimeric proteins between HSA and G-CSF. A few clones corresponding to the strain K.
lactis CBS 293.91 transformed with the plasmids pYG1266 or pYG1267 (HSA-G.CSF), pYG1302 or pYG1303 (G.CSF-G1y4-HSA) or alternatively pYG1351 or pYG1352 (HSA-G1y4-G.CSF) are incubated in selective complete liquid medium at 28 C. The cellular supernatants are then tested after electrophoresis on an 8.5%
acrylamide gel, either directly by staining the gel with coomassie blue, or after immunoblotting using as primary antibodies rabbit polyclonal antibodies directed against the human G-CSF or a rabbit polyclonal serum directed against human albumin. The results of FIG. 12 demonstrate that the hybrid protein HSA-G.CSF
is recognized both by antibodies directed against human albumin (panel C) and human G-CSF (panel B). The results of FIG. 13 indicate that the chimera HSA-Gly4-G.CSF (lane 3) is particularly well secreted by the yeast Kluyveromyces, possibly because of the fact that the presence of the peptide linker between the HSA part and the G-CSF part is more favourable to an independent folding of these 2 parts during the transit of the chimera in the secretory pathway.
Furthermore, the N-terminal fusion (G.CSF-G1y4-HSA) is also secreted by the yeast Kluyveromyces (FIG. 13, lane 1).
E.9.3. Purification and Molecular Characterization of the Chimeras Between HSA and G-CSF.
After centrifugation of a culture of the CBS 293.91 strain transformed with the expression plasmids according to Example E.9.1., the culture supernatant is passed through a 0.22 mm filter (Millipore) and then concentrated by ultrafiltration (Amicon) using a membrane whose discrimination threshold is situated at 30 kDa.
The concentrate obtained is then adjusted to 50 mM Tris-HC1 from a 1M stock solution of Tris-HCI (pH 6), and then loaded in 20 ml fractions onto an ion-exchange column (5 ml) (Q Fast Flow, Pharmacia) equilibrated in the same buffer.
The chimeric protein is then eluted from the column by a gradient (0 to 1M) of NaCI. The fractions containing the chimeric protein are then pooled and dialysed against a 50 mM Tris-HCl solution (pH 6) and reloaded onto a Q Fast Flow column (1 ml) equilibrated in the same buffer. After elution of the column, the fractions containing the protein are pooled, dialysed against water and freeze-dried before characterization: for example, the sequencing (Applied Biosystem) of the protein HSA-G.CSF secreted by the yeast CBS 293.91 gives the N-terminal sequence expected for HSA (Asp-Ala-His ...), demonstrating a correct maturation of the chimera immediately at the C-terminus of the doublet of residues Arg-Arg of the "pro" region of HSA (FIG. 2).
EXAMPLE 10: CHIMERAS DERIVED FROM AN IMMUNOGLOBULIN
E.10.1. Constructs An Fv' fragment can be constructed by genetic engineering techniques, and which encodes the variable fragments of the heavy and light chains of an immunoglobulin (Ig), linked to each other by a linker peptide Bird et al., Science (1988) 242: 423; Huston et al., (1988) [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 85: 5879].
Schematically, the variable regions (about 120 residues) of the heavy and light chains of a given Ig are cloned from the messenger RNA of the corresponding hybridoma, for example using the RT-PCR kit distributed by Pharmacia (Mouse ScFv module). In a second stage, the variable regions are genetically coupled by genetic engineering via a synthetic linkage peptide and for example the linker (GGGGS)x3. An MstII-HindIIl restriction fragment including the Fv' fragment of an immunoglobulin secreted by a murine hybridoma is given in FIG. 14. The ligation of the Hindlll-MstII fragment of the plasmid pYG404 to this MstII-HindIIl fragment makes it possible to generate the HindIII fragment of the plasmid pYG1382 which encodes a chimeric protein in which the HSA molecule is genetically coupled to the Fv' fragment of FIG. 14 (chimera HSA-Fv'). The cloning in the productive orientation of the HindIII restriction fragment of the plasmid pYG1382 into the HindIII site of the plasmids pYG105 (LAC4) and pYG106 (PGK) generates the expression plasmids pYG1383 and pYG1384 respectively.
E.10.2. Secretion of the Hybrids After selection on rich medium supplemented with G418, the recombinant clones are tested for their capacity to secrete the mature form of the chimeric protein HSA-Fv'. A few clones corresponding to the strain K. lactis CBS 293.91 transformed with the plasmids pYG1383 or pYG1384 (HSA-Fv') are incubated in selective complete liquid medium at 28 C. The cellular supernatants are then tested after electrophoresis on an 8.5% acrylamide gel, either directly by staining of the gel with coomassie blue, or after immunoblotting using as primary antibodies a rabbit polyclonal serum directed against human albumin, or directly incubated with biotinylated antibodies directed against the immunoglobulins of murine origin.
The results of FIG. 15 demonstrate that the hybrid protein HSA-Fv' is recognized both by antibodies directed against human albumin (panel C) and reacts with biotinylated goat antibodies which are immunologically reactive towards mouse immunoglobulins (panel B).
EXAMPLE 11: BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE CHIMERAS
E.11.1. Biological Activity In vitro.
E.11.1.1. Chimeras Between HSA and vWF.
The antagonistic activity of the products is determined by measuring the dose-dependent inhibition of the agglutination of human platelets fixed with paraformaldehyde according to the method described by Prior et al.
[Bio/Technology (1992) 10: 66]. The measurements are carried out in an aggregameter (PAP-4, Bio Data, Horsham, Pa., U.S.A.) which records the variations over time of the optical transmission, with stirring, at 37 C. in the presence of vWF, of botrocetin (8.2 mg/ml) and of the test product at various dilutions (concentrations). For each measurement, 400 ml (8 x 107 platelets) of a suspension of human platelets stabilized with paraformaldehyde (0.5%, and then resuspended in [NaCI (137 mM); MgC12 (1 mM); NaH2PO4 (0.36 mM); NaHCO3 (10 mM); KCl (2.7 mM); glucose (5.6 mM); HSA (3.5 mg/ml); HEPES buffer (10 mM, pH 7.35)] are preincubated at 37 C. in the cylindrical tank (8.75 x 50 mm, Wellcome Distriwell, 159 rue Nationale, Paris) of the aggregameter for 4 min and are then supplemented with 30 ml of the solution of the test product at various dilutions in apyrogenic formulation vehicle [mannitol (50 g/1); citric acid (192 mg/1); L-lysine monohydrochloride (182.6 mg/1); NaCI (88 mg/1); pH adjusted to 3.5 by addition of NaOH (1M)], or formulation vehicle alone (control assay).
The resulting suspension is then incubated for 1 min at 37 C. and 12.5 ml of human vWF [American Bioproducts, Parsippany, N.J., U.S.A.; 11% von Willebrand activity measured according to the recommendations for the use of PAP-4 (Platelet Aggregation ProfilerRTM) with the aid of platelets fixed with formaldehyde (2 x 105 platelets/ml), human plasma containing 0 to 100% vWF and ristocetin (10 mg/ml, cf. p. 36-45: vW ProgramTM] are added and incubated at 37 C. for 1 min before adding 12.5 ml of botrocetin solution purified from freeze-dried venom of Bothrops jararaca (Sigma) according to the procedure described by Sugimoto et al., [Biochemistry (1991) 266: 18172]. The recording of the reading of the transmission as a function of time is then carried out for 2 min with stirring by means of a magnetic bar (Wellcome Distriwell) placed in the tank and with a magnetic stirring of 1,100 rpm provided by the aggregameter. The mean variation of the optical transmission (n35 for each dilution) over time is therefore a measurement of the platelet agglutination due to the presence of vWF and botrocetin, in the absence or in the presence of variable concentrations of the test product. From such recordings, the % inhibition of the platelet agglutination due to each concentration of product is then determined and the straight line giving the % inhibition as a function of the reciprocal of the product dilution in log-log scale is plotted. The IC50 (or concentration of product causing 50% inhibition of the agglutination) is then determined on this straight line. The table of FIG. 6 compares the IC50 values of some of the HSA-vWF chimeras of the present invention and demonstrates that some of them are better antagonists of platelet agglutination than the product RG12986 described by Prior et al. [Bio/Technology (1992) 10: 66] and included in the assays as standard value. Identical tests for the inhibition of the agglutination of human platelets in the presence of vWF of pig plasma (Sigma) makes it possible, furthermore, to demonstrate that some of the hybrids of the present invention, and especially some type IIB variants, are very good antagonists of platelet agglutination in the absence of botrocetin-type cofactors. The botrocetin-independent antagonism of these specific chimeras can also be demonstrated according to the procedure initially described by Ware et al. [Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci.
(1991) 88: 2946] by displacing the monoclonal antibody 125I-LJ-1B 1(10 mg/ml), a competitive inhibitor of the binding of vWF to the platelet GPIb Handa M. et al., (1986) [J. Biol. Chem. 261: 12579] after 30 min of incubation at 22 C. in the presence of fresh platelets (108 platelets/ml).
E.11.1.2. Chimeras between HSA and G-CSF
The purified chimeras are tested for their capacity to permit the in vitro proliferation of the IL3-dependant murine line NFS60, by measuring the incorporation of tritiated thymidine essentially according to the procedure described by Tsuchiya et al. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (1986) 83 7633]. For each chimera, the measurements are carried out between 3 and 6 times in a three-point test (three dilutions of the product) in a zone or the relation between the quantity of active product and incorporation of labelled thymidine (Amersham) is linear.
In each microtitre plate, the activity of a reference product consisting of recombinant human G-CSF expressed in mammalian cells is also systematically incorporated.
The results of FIG. 17 demonstrate that the chimera HSA-G.CSF (pYG 1266) secreted by the yeast Kluyveromyces and purified according to Example E.9.3.
is capable in vitro of transducing a signal for cellular proliferation for the line NFS60.
In this particular case, the specific activity (cpm/molarity) of the chimera is about 7 times lower than that of the reference G-CSF (non-coupled).
E.11.2. Biological Activity In vivo The activity of stimulation of the HSA-G-CSF chimeras on granulopoiesis in vivo is tested after subcutaneous injection in rats (Sprague-Dawley/CD, 250-300g, 8-9 weeks) and compared to that of the reference G-CSF expressed using mammalian cells. Each product, tested at the rate of 7 animals, is injected subcutaneously into the dorso-scapular region at the rate of 100 ml for 7 consecutive days, (D1-D7). 500 ml of blood are collected on days D-6, D2 (before the 2nd injection). D5 (before the 5th injection) and D8, and a blood count is performed. In this test, the specific activity (neutropoiesis units/mole injected) of the chimera HSA-G.CSF (pYG1266) is identical to that of the reference G-CSF
(FIG. 18). Since this specific chimera has in vitro a specific activity 7 times lower than that of the reference G-CSF (FIG. 17), it is therefore demonstrated that the genetic coupling of G-CSF onto HSA favourably modifies the pharmacokinetic properties thereof.
SEQUENCE LISTING
(1) GENERAL INFORMATION:
(i) APPLICANTS:
(A) NAME: Rhone-Poulenc Rorer S.A.
(B) STREET: 20 Raymond ARON Avenue (C) CITY: Antony (E) COUNTRY: France (F) POSTAL CODE:92165 (ii) TITLE OF THE INVENTION: Novel Biologically Active Polypeptides, Preparation Thereof and Pharmaceutical Composition Containing Said Polypeptides (iii)NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 6 (iv) CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS:
(A) NAME: MBM & Co.
(B) STREET: P.O. Box 809 (C) CITY: Ottawa (D) PROVINCE: ON
(E) COUNTRY: Canada (F) POSTAL CODE: K1P 5P9 (v) COMPUTER READABLE FORM:
(A) MEDIUM TYPE: Floppy Disk (B) COMPUTER: IBM-PC Compatible (C) OPERATING SYSTEM: Windows (D) SOFTWARE: Word (vi) CURRENT APPLICATION DATA:
(A) APPLICATION NUMBER: 2,126,091 (B) FILING DATE: January 28, 1993 (C) CLASSIFICATION:
(viii) ATTORNEY/AGENT INFORMATION:
(A) NAME: SWAIN, Margaret (B) REGISTRATION NUMBER: 10926 (C) REFERENCE/DOCKET NUMBER:
(ix) TELECOMMUNICATION INFORMATION:
(A) TELEPHONE: 613-567-0762 (B) TELEFAX: 613-563-7671 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 1859 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA
(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: no (iii) ANTISENSE: no (ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CDS
(B) LOCATION: 26..1855 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: chimera of type HSA-peptide (ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: miscfeature (B) LOCATION: 1842-1848 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /standard name = "MstII Site"
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:1:
Met Lys Trp Val Thr Phe Ile Ser Leu Leu Phe Leu Phe Ser Ser Ala Tyr Ser Arg Gly Val Phe Arg Arg Asp Ala His Lys Ser Glu Val Ala His Arg Phe Lys Asp Leu Gly Glu Glu Asn Phe Lys Ala Leu Val Leu Ile Ala Phe Ala Gln Tyr Leu Gln Gln Cys Pro Phe Glu Asp His Val Lys Leu Val Asn Glu Val Thr Glu Phe Ala Lys Thr Cys Val Ala Asp Glu Ser Ala Glu Asn Cys Asp Lys Ser Leu His Thr Leu Phe Gly Asp Lys Leu Cys Thr Val Ala Thr Leu Arg Glu Thr Tyr Gly Glu Met Ala Asp Cys Cys Ala Lys Gln Glu Pro Glu Arg Asn Glu Cys Phe Leu Gln His Lys Asp Asp Asn Pro Asn Leu Pro Arg Leu Val Arg Pro Glu Val Asp Val Met Cys Thr Ala Phe His Asp Asn Glu Glu Thr Phe Leu Lys Lys Tyr Leu Tyr Glu Ile Ala Arg Arg His Pro Tyr Phe Tyr Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Phe Phe Ala Lys Arg Tyr Lys Ala Ala Phe Thr Glu Cys Cys Gln Ala Ala Asp Lys Ala Ala Cys Leu Leu Pro Lys Leu Asp Glu Leu Arg Asp Glu Gly Lys Ala Ser Ser Ala Lys Gln Arg Leu Lys Cys Ala Ser Leu Gln Lys Phe Gly Glu Arg Ala Phe Lys Ala Trp Ala Val Ala Arg Leu Ser Gln Arg Phe Pro Lys Ala Glu Phe Ala Glu Val Ser Lys Leu Val Thr Asp Leu Thr Lys Val His Thr Glu Cys Cys His Gly Asp Leu Leu Glu Cys Ala Asp Asp Arg Ala Asp Leu Ala Lys Tyr Ile Cys Glu Asn Gln Asp Ser Ile Ser Ser AAA CTG AAG GAA TGC TGT GAA AAA CCT CTG TTG GAA AAA TCC CAC TGC
Lys Leu Lys Glu Cys Cys Glu Lys Pro Leu leu Glu Lys Ser His Cys 964 Ile Ala Glu Val Glu Asn Asp Glu Met Pro Ala Asp Leu Pro Ser Leu Ala Ala Asp Phe Val Glu Ser Lys Asp Val Cys Lys Asn Tyr Ala Glu Ala Lys Asp Val Phe Leu Gly Met Phe Leu Tyr Glu Tyr Ala Arg Arg His Pro Asp Tyr Ser Val Val Leu Leu Leu Arg Leu Ala Lys Thr Tyr GAA ACC ACT CTA GAG AAG TGC TGT GCC GCT GCA GAT CCT CAT GAA TGC 1209:
Glu Thr Thr Leu Glu Lys Cys Cys Ala Ala Ala Asp Pro His Glu Cys Tyr Ala Lys Val Phe Asp Glu Phe Lys Pro Leu Val Glu Glu Pro Gln Asn Leu Ile Lys Gln Asn Cys Glu Leu Phe Glu Gln Leu Gly Glu Tyr Lys Phe Gln Asn Ala Leu Leu Val Arg Tyr Thr Lys Lys Val Pro Gln Val Ser Thr Pro Thr Leu Val Glu Val Ser Arg Asn Leu Gly Lys Val Gly Ser Lys Cys Cys Lys His Pro Glu Ala Lys Arg Met Pro Cys Ala Glu Asp Tyr Leu Ser Val Val Leu Asn Gln Leu Cys Val Leu His Glu Lys Thr Pro Val Ser Asp Arg Val Thr Lys Cys Cys Thr Glu Ser Leu Val Asn Arg Arg Pro Cys Phe Ser Ala Leu Glu Val Asp Glu Thr Tyr Val Pro Lys Glu Phe Asn Ala Glu Thr Phe Thr Phe His Ala Asn Ile Cys Thr Leu Ser Glu Lys Glu Arg Gin Ile Lys Lys Gln Thr Ala Leu Val Glu Leu Val Lys His Lys Pro Lys Ala Thr Lys Glu Gln Leu Lys Ala Val Met Asp Asp Phe Ala Ala Phe Val Glu Lys Cys Cys Lys Ala Asp Asp Lys Glu Thr Cys Phe Ala Glu Glu Gly Lys Lys Leu Val Ala GCA AGT CAA GGT GGC TTA GGC TTA (NNN)p TAAGCTT 18513 Ala Ser Gln Ala Ala Leu Gly Leu peptide (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 750 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA
(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: no (iii) ANTISENSE: no (ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CDS
(B) LOCATION: 3..746 (D) OTHER INFORMATION:/product= "C-ter[ninal fragment of the HSA-vWF470 chimera"
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2:
Leu Gly Leu Thr Cys Glu Ala Cys Gln Glu Pro Gly Gly Leu Val Val Pro Pro Thr Asp Ala Pro Val Ser Pro Thr Thr Leu Tyr Val Glu Asp Ile Ser Glu Pro Pro Leu His Asp Phe Tyr Cys Ser Arg Leu Leu Asp Leu Val Phe Leu Leu Asp Gly Ser Ser Arg Leu Ser Glu Ala Glu Phe Glu Val Leu Lys Ala Phe Val Val Asp Met Met Glu Arg Leu Arg Ile Ser Gln Lys Trp Val Arg Val Ala Val Val Glu Tyr His Asp Gly Ser His Ala Tyr Ile Gly Leu Lys Asp Arg Lys Arg Pro Ser Glu Leu Arg Arg Ile Ala Ser Gln Val Lys Tyr Ala Gly Ser Gln Val Ala Ser Thr Ser Glu Val Leu Lys Tyr Thr Leu Phe Gln Ile Phe Ser Lys Ile Asp Arg Pro Glu Ala Ser Arg Ile Ala Leu Leu Leu Met Ala Ser Gln Glu Pro Gln Arg Met Ser Arg Asn Phe Val Arg Tyr Val Gln Gly Leu Lys Lys Lys Lys Val Ile Val Ile Pro Val Gly Ile Gly Pro His Ala Asn Leu Lys Gln Ile Arg Leu Ile Glu Lys Gln Ala Pro Glu Asn Lys Ala Phe Val Leu Ser Ser Val Asp Glu Leu Glu Gln Gln Arg Asp Glu Ile Val Ser Tyr Leu Cys Asp Leu Ala Pro Glu Ala Pro Pro Pro Thr Leu Pro Pro Asp Met Ala Gln Val (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 423 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA
(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: no (iii) ANTISENSE: no (ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CDS
(B) LOCATION: 3..419 (D) OTHER INFORMATION:/product = "C-terminal fragment of the HSA-UK1-135 chimera"
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2:
Leu Gly Leu Ser Asn Glu Leu His Gln Val Pro Ser Asn Cys Asp Cys Leu Asn Gly Gly Thr Cys Val Ser Asn Lys Tyr Phe Ser Asn Ile His Trp Cys Asn Cys Pro Lys Lys Phe Gly Gly Gln His Cys Glu Ile Asp Lys Ser Lys Thr Cys Tyr Glu Gly Asn Gly His Phe Tyr Arg Gly Lys Ala Ser Thr Asp Thr Met Gly Arg Pro Cys Leu Pro Trp Asn Ser Ala Thr Val Leu Gin Gln Thr Tyr His Ala His Arg Ser Asp Ala Leu Gln Leu Gly Leu Gly Lys His Asn Tyr Cys Arg Asn Pro Asp Asn Arg Arg Arg Pro Trp Cys Tyr Val Gln Val Gly Leu Lys Pro Leu Val Gln Glu Cys Met Val His Asp Cys Ala Asp Gly Lys (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 541 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA
(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: no (iii) ANTISENSE: no (ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CDS
(B) LOCATION: 3..536 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /product = "C-terminal fragment of the HSA-G.CSF chimera"
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:4:
Leu Gly Leu Thr Pro Leu Gly Pro Ala Ser Ser Leu Pro Gln Ser Phe Leu Leu Lys Cys Leu Glu Gln Val Arg Lys Ile Gln Gly Asp Gly Ala Ala Leu Gln Glu Lys Leu Cys Ala Thr Tyr Lys Leu Cys His Pro Glu Glu Leu Val Leu Leu Gly His Ser Leu Gly Ile Pro Trp Ala Pro Leu Ser Ser Cys Pro Ser Gln Ala Leu Gln Leu Ala Gly Cys Leu Ser Gln Leu His Ser Gly Leu Phe Leu Tyr Gln Gly Leu Leu Gin Ala Leu Giu Gly Ile Ser Pro Glu Leu Gly Pro Thr Leu Asp Thr Leu Gln Leu Asp Val Ala Asp Phe Ala Thr Thr Ile Trp Gln Gln Met Glu Glu Leu Gly Met Ala Pro Ala Leu Gln Pro Thr Gln Giy Ala Met Pro Ala Phe Ala Ser Ala Phe Gln Arg Arg Ala Gly Gly Val Leu Val Ala Ser His Leu Gln Ser Phe Leu Glu Val Ser Tyr Arg Val Leu Arg His Leu Ala Gln Pro (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 2455 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA
(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: no (iii) ANTISENSE: no (ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CDS
(B) LOCATION: 26..2389 (D) OTHER INFORMATION:/product ="G.CSF-Gly4-HSA chimera downstream of`
HSA prepro region"
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: miscrecomb (B) LOCATION: 620-631 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /standard name = "linker PolyGly"
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: miscfeature (B) LOCATION: 106-111 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /standard name = "ApaI site"
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:5:
Met Lys Trp Val Thr Phe Ile Ser Leu Leu Phe Leu Phe Ser Ser Ala Tyr Ser Arg Gly Val Phe Arg Arg Thr Pro Leu Gly Pro Ala Ser Ser Leu Pro Gln Ser Phe Leu Leu Lys Cys Leu Glu Gln Val Arg Lys Ile Gln Gly Asp Gly Ala Ala Leu Gln Glu Lys Leu Cys Ala Thr Tyr Lys Leu Cys His Pro Glu Glu Leu Val Leu Leu Gly His Ser Leu Gly Ile Pro Trp Ala Pro Leu Ser Ser Cys Pro Ser Gln Ala Leu Gln Leu Ala Gly Cys Leu Ser Gln Leu His Ser Gly Leu Phe Leu Tyr Gln Gly Leu Leu Gln Ala Leu Glu Gly Ile Ser Pro Glu Leu Gly Pro Thr Leu Asp Thr Leu Gln Leu Asp Val Ala Asp Phe Ala Thr Thr Ile Trp Gln Gln Met Glu Glu Leu Gly Met Ala Pro Ala Leu Gln Pro Thr Gln Gly Ala Met Pro Ala Phe Ala Ser Ala Phe Gln Arg Arg Ala Gly Gly Val Leu Val Ala Ser His Leu Gln Ser Phe Leu Glu Val Ser Tyr Arg Val Leu Arg His Leu Ala Gln Pro Gly Gly Gly Gly Asp Ala His Lys Ser, Glu Val Ala His Arg Phe Lys Asp Leu Gly Glu Glu Asn Phe Lys Ala Leu Val Leu Ile Ala Phe Ala Gln Tyr Leu Gln Gln Cys Pro Phe Glu Asp His Val Lys Leu Val Asn Glu Val Thr Glu Phe Ala Lys Thr Cys Val Ala Asp Glu Ser Ala Glu Asn Cys Asp Lys Ser Leu His Thr Leu Phe Gly Asp Lys Leu Cys Thr Val Ala Thr Leu Arg Glu Thr Tyr Gly Glu Met Ala Asp Cys Cys Ala Lys Gln Glu Pro Glu Arg Asn Glu Cys Phe Leu Gln His Lys Asp Asp Asn Pro Asn Leu Pro Arg Leu Val Arg Pro Glu Val Asp Val Met Cys Thr Ala Phe His Asp Asn Glu Glu Thr Phe Leu Lys Lys Tyr Leu Tyr Glu Ile Ala Arg Arg His Pro Tyr Phe Tyr Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Phe Phe Ala Lys AGG TAT AAA GCT GCT TTT ACA GAA TGT TGC CAA GCT GCT GAT AAA GCT 115Ei Arg Tyr Lys Ala Ala Phe Thr Glu Cys Cys Gln Ala Ala Asp Lys Ala Ala Cys Leu Leu Pro Lys Leu Asp Glu Leu Arg Asp Glu Gly Lys Ala Ser Ser Ala Lys Gln Arg Leu Lys Cys Ala Ser Leu Gln Lys Phe Gly GAA AGA GCT TTC AAA GCA TGG GCA GTA GCT CGC CTG AGC CAG AGA TTT 130C) Glu Arg Ala Phe Lys Ala Trp Ala Val Ala Arg Leu Ser Gln Arg Phe Pro Lys Ala Glu Phe Ala Glu Val Ser Lys Leu Val Thr Asp Leu Thr Lys Val His Thr Glu Cys Cys His Gly Asp Leu Leu Glu Cys Ala Asp Asp Arg Ala Asp Leu Ala Lys Tyr Ile Cys Glu Asn Gln Asp Ser Ile Ser Ser Lys Leu Lys Glu Cys Cys Glu Lys Pro Leu Leu Glu Lys Ser His Cys Ile Ala Glu Val Glu Asn Asp Glu Met Pro Ala Asp Leu Pro Ser Leu Ala Ala Asp Phe Val Glu Ser Lys Asp Val Cys Lys Asn Tyr Ala Glu Ala Lys Asp Val Phe Leu Gly Met Phe Leu Tyr Glu Tyr Ala Arg Arg His Pro Asp Tyr Ser Val Val Leu Leu Leu Arg Leu Ala Lys Thr Tyr Glu Thr Thr Leu Glu Lys Cys Cys Ala Ala Ala Asp Pro His Glu Cys Tyr Ala Lys Val Phe Asp Glu Phe Lys Pro Leu Val Glu Glu Pro Gln Asn Leu Ile Lys Gln Asn Cys Glu Leu Phe Glu Gln Leu Gly Glu Tyr Lys Phe Gln Asn Ala Leu Leu Val Arg Tyr Thr Lys Lys Val Pro Gln Val Ser Thr Pro Thr Leu Val Glu Val Ser Arg Asn Leu Gly Lys Val Gly Ser Lys Cys Cys Lys His Pro Glu Ala Lys Arg Met Pro Cys Ala Glu Asp Tyr Leu Ser Val Val Leu Asn Gln Leu Cys Val Leu His Glu Lys Thr Pro Val Ser Asp Arg Val Thr Lys Cys Cys Thr Glu Ser Leu Val Asn Arg Arg Pro Cys Phe Ser Ala Leu Glu Val Asp Glu Thr Tyr Val Pro Lys Glu Phe Asn Ala Glu Thr Phe Thr Phe His Ala Asp Ile Cys Thr Leu Ser Glu Lys Glu Arg Gln Ile Lys Lys Gln Thr Ala Leu Val Glu Leu Val Lys His Lys Pro Lys Ala Thr Lys Glu Gln Leu Lys Ala Val Met Asp Asp Phe Ala Ala Phe Val Glu Lys Cys Cys Lys Ala Asp Asp Lys Glu Thr Cys Phe Ala Glu Glu Gly Lys Lys Leu Val Ala Ala Ser Gln Ala Ala Leu Gly Leu (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 756 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA
(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: no (iii) ANTISENSE: no (ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CDS
(B) LOCATION: 3..752 (D) OTHER INFORMATION:/product ="C-terminal fragment of the HSAFv chimera"
(D) OTHER INFORMATION: /standard_name = "Synthetic linker"
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:6:
Leu Gly Leu Gln Val Gln Leu Glu Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala Ser Val Lys Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Ala Phe Ser Arg Ser Trp Met Asn Trp Val Lys Gln Arg Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile Gly Arg Ile Tyr Pro Gly Asp Gly Asp Thr Lys Tyr Asn Gly Lys Phe Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Ala Asp Arg Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr Met Gln Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Val Gly Ser Ala Val Tyr Phe Cys Ala Lys Glu Asn Asn Arg Phe Asp Glu Arg Gly Tyr Tyr Ala Met Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Val Thr Val Ser Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Asn Ile Gln Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Asn Ser Met Ser Thr Ser Val Gly Asp Arg Val Ser Ile Thr Cys Lys Ala Ser Gln Asp Val Asp Thr Ser Val Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Trp Ala Ser Thr Arg His Thr Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe Thr Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Asn Val Gln Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Asp Tyr Phe Cys Gln Gln Tyr Ser Ser Tyr Pro Trp Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys
Claims (45)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide comprising one or more therapeutically active polypeptides fused to an albumin or a variant thereof, wherein one or more of said therapeutically active polypeptides is a hormone or a therapeutically active fragment thereof and wherein said albumin fusion polypeptide has a higher plasma half-life than said hormone when not fused.
2. A recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide comprising one or more therapeutically active polypeptides fused to an albumin or a variant thereof, wherein one or more of said therapeutically active polypeptides is an interferon or a therapeutically active fragment thereof and wherein said albumin fusion polypeptide has a higher plasma half-life than said interferon when not fused.
3. A recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide comprising one or more therapeutically active polypeptides fused to an albumin or a variant thereof, wherein one or more of said therapeutically active polypeptides is an interleukin or a therapeutically active fragment thereof and wherein said albumin fusion polypeptide has a higher plasma half-life than said interleukin when not fused.
4. A recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide comprising one or more therapeutically active polypeptides fused to an albumin or a variant thereof, wherein one or more of said therapeutically active polypeptides is insulin or a therapeutically active fragment thereof and wherein said albumin fusion polypeptide has a higher plasma half-life than insulin when not fused.
5. A recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide comprising one or more therapeutically active polypeptides fused to an albumin or a variant thereof, wherein one or more of said therapeutically active polypeptides is an erythropoietin or a therapeutically active fragment thereof and wherein said albumin fusion polypeptide has a higher plasma half-life than said erythropoietin when not fused.
6. A recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide comprising one or more therapeutically active polypeptides fused to an albumin or a variant thereof, wherein one or more of said therapeutically active polypeptides is a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or a therapeutically active fragment thereof and wherein said wherein said albumin fusion polypeptide has a higher plasma half-life than said G-CSF when not fused.
7. The recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, wherein said one or more therapeutically active polypeptide is of human origin.
8. The recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, wherein said one or more therapeutically active polypeptides is selected from the group of:
a) a full-length polypeptide;
b) a therapeutically active fragment of (a); and c) a therapeutically active variant of (a) or (b) obtained by one or more structural modification selected from the group of: a mutation, a substitution, an addition and a deletion of one or more residues.
a) a full-length polypeptide;
b) a therapeutically active fragment of (a); and c) a therapeutically active variant of (a) or (b) obtained by one or more structural modification selected from the group of: a mutation, a substitution, an addition and a deletion of one or more residues.
9. The recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, wherein the albumin or the variant thereof is selected from the group of:
a) a mature albumin;
b) an albumin;
c) a fragment from (a) or (b); and d) a variant of (a) or (b) obtained by one or more structural modification selected from the group of: a mutation, a substitution, an addition and a deletion of one or more residues, wherein said fragment or variant has a high plasma half-life.
a) a mature albumin;
b) an albumin;
c) a fragment from (a) or (b); and d) a variant of (a) or (b) obtained by one or more structural modification selected from the group of: a mutation, a substitution, an addition and a deletion of one or more residues, wherein said fragment or variant has a high plasma half-life.
10. The recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, wherein said recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide comprises a N-terminal methionine.
11. The recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide according to any one of Claims 1 to 10, wherein said recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide comprises a linker peptide.
12. The recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide according to any one of Claims 1 to 11, wherein said recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide comprises a secretion signal sequence.
13. The recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide according to Claim 12, wherein said secretion signal sequence is a natural secretion signal sequence of said therapeutically active polypeptide.
14. The recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide according to any one of Claims 1 to 13, wherein one or more of said therapeutically active polypeptides is coupled to the N-terminus of the albumin or variant thereof.
15. The recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide according to any one of Claims 1 to 13, wherein one or more of said therapeutically active polypeptides is coupled to the C-terminus of the albumin or variant thereof.
16. The recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide according to any one of Claims 1 to 15, wherein said recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide comprises two or more therapeutically active polypeptides.
17. The recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide according to Claim 16, wherein said two or more therapeutically active polypeptides are different.
18. A nucleotide sequence encoding the recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide according to any one of Claims 1 to 16.
19. An expression cassette comprising the nucleotide sequence according to Claim 18 under the control of a transcription initiation region.
20. The expression cassette according to Claim 19 further comprising a transcription termination element.
21. A self-replicating vector comprising the expression cassette according to Claim 19 or 20.
22. A recombinant cell comprising the nucleotide sequence according to Claim 18.
23. A recombinant cell comprising the expression cassette according to Claim 19 or 20.
24. A recombinant cell comprising the vector according to Claim 21.
25. The recombinant cell according to any one of Claims 22 to 24, wherein said recombinant cell is a yeast, animal, fungal or bacterial cell.
26. The recombinant cell according to Claim 25, wherein said recombinant cell is a yeast cell.
27. The recombinant cell according to Claim 26, wherein said yeast cell is from the genus Saccharomyces or Kluyveromyces.
28. The recombinant cell according to Claim 25, wherein said animal cell is a CHO or COS
cell.
cell.
29. A process for producing the recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide according to any one of Claims 1 to 16 comprising:
(a) culturing the recombinant cell according to any one of Claims 24 to 28 under conditions permitting expression of said recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide; and (b) recovering the recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide.
(a) culturing the recombinant cell according to any one of Claims 24 to 28 under conditions permitting expression of said recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide; and (b) recovering the recombinant albumin fusion polypeptide.
30. A pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more recombinant albumin fusion polypeptides according to any one of Claims 1 to 16 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
31. A pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more nucleotide sequences according to Claim 18 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
32. A pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more expression cassettes according to Claim 19 or 20 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
33. A pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more vectors according to Claim 21 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
34. Use of the recombinant albumin fusion protein according to Claim 1 in the treatment of a subject in need of hormone therapy.
35. Use of the recombinant albumin fusion protein according to Claim 2 in the treatment of a subject in need of interferon therapy.
36. Use of the recombinant albumin fusion protein according to Claim 3 in the treatment of a subject in need of interleukin therapy.
37. Use of the recombinant albumin fusion protein according to Claim 4 in the treatment of a subject in need of insulin therapy.
38. Use of the recombinant albumin fusion protein according to Claim 5 in the treatment of a subject in need of erythropoietin therapy.
39. Use of the recombinant albumin fusion protein according to Claim 6 in the treatment of a subject in need of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy.
40. Use of the recombinant albumin fusion protein according to Claim 1 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a subject in need of hormone therapy.
41. Use of the recombinant albumin fusion protein according to Claim 2 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a subject in need of interferon therapy.
42. Use of the recombinant albumin fusion protein according to Claim 3 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a subject in need of interleukin therapy.
43. Use of the recombinant albumin fusion protein according to Claim 4 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a subject in need of insulin therapy.
44. Use of the recombinant albumin fusion protein according to Claim 5 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a subject in need of erythropoietin therapy.
45. Use of the recombinant albumin fusion protein according to Claim 6 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a subject in need of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR9201064 | 1992-01-31 | ||
FR9201064A FR2686899B1 (en) | 1992-01-31 | 1992-01-31 | NOVEL BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE POLYPEPTIDES, THEIR PREPARATION AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THEM. |
PCT/FR1993/000085 WO1993015199A1 (en) | 1992-01-31 | 1993-01-28 | Novel biologically active polypeptides, preparation thereof and pharmaceutical composition containing said polypeptides |
Publications (2)
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CA2126091A1 CA2126091A1 (en) | 1993-08-05 |
CA2126091C true CA2126091C (en) | 2008-03-11 |
Family
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CA002126091A Expired - Lifetime CA2126091C (en) | 1992-01-31 | 1993-01-28 | Novel biologically active polypeptides, preparation thereof and pharmaceutical composition containing said polypeptides |
Country Status (13)
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US (12) | US5876969A (en) |
EP (2) | EP1449921A3 (en) |
JP (3) | JPH07503368A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE276361T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2126091C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69333622T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0624195T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2230541T3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI120355B (en) |
FR (1) | FR2686899B1 (en) |
NO (2) | NO325486B1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT624195E (en) |
WO (1) | WO1993015199A1 (en) |
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1992
- 1992-01-31 FR FR9201064A patent/FR2686899B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1993
- 1993-01-28 PT PT93904129T patent/PT624195E/en unknown
- 1993-01-28 DE DE69333622T patent/DE69333622T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-01-28 AT AT93904129T patent/ATE276361T1/en active
- 1993-01-28 WO PCT/FR1993/000085 patent/WO1993015199A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-01-28 EP EP04075986A patent/EP1449921A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-01-28 ES ES93904129T patent/ES2230541T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-01-28 CA CA002126091A patent/CA2126091C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-01-28 JP JP5512986A patent/JPH07503368A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-01-28 EP EP93904129A patent/EP0624195B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-01-28 DK DK93904129T patent/DK0624195T3/en active
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1994
- 1994-07-29 FI FI943563A patent/FI120355B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-07-29 NO NO19942839A patent/NO325486B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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1997
- 1997-01-31 US US08/797,689 patent/US5876969A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2001
- 2001-10-29 US US09/984,186 patent/US6686179B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2002
- 2002-09-10 US US10/237,866 patent/US6972322B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-10 US US10/237,667 patent/US7041478B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-10 US US10/237,624 patent/US7056701B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-10 US US10/237,708 patent/US7081354B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-10 US US10/237,871 patent/US7094577B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2003
- 2003-01-16 JP JP2003008385A patent/JP2003235589A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-11-07 US US10/702,536 patent/US6989365B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-11-07 US US10/702,636 patent/US6987006B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2005
- 2005-06-07 US US11/146,077 patent/US7435410B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2006
- 2006-01-12 US US11/330,353 patent/US7410779B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-09-14 NO NO20064159A patent/NO20064159L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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2007
- 2007-08-20 JP JP2007214102A patent/JP2007306939A/en active Pending
- 2007-10-29 US US11/927,628 patent/US7833521B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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