CA2145080A1

CA2145080A1 - Fiber optic signal distribution system and raceway and panel associated therewith

Info

Publication number: CA2145080A1
Application number: CA002145080A
Authority: CA
Inventors: David Brian Duffie
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: VERADO HOLDINGS Inc
Priority date: 1992-09-21
Filing date: 1993-09-20
Publication date: 1994-03-31
Also published as: WO1994007162A1; EP0660940A1; US5303320A; AU5130993A

Abstract

Apparatus is disclosed forming an optical fiber communication signal distribution system which is uniquely designed to cooperate with the interior or edges of a typical modular office panel or an extension thereto. It can conveniently be considered to have three key interacting and cooperating elements; a removable channel, a complementary raceway, and optical fiber signal distribution means incorporated into the channel. The system typically provides fiber optic communication signals to a variety of computers and communication devices such as telephones and facsimile machines. The system is flexible and can be used to serve any number of work stations within the modular cluster. It also provides for routing and passage of electrical power lines as well as the optical communications fibers.

Description

1 21 ~0~

4 CROSS R~FERENCE TO RELATED APP~ICATION
This application is a continuation-in-part of 6 application Serial No. 07/948,163, filed September 21, 7 1992, entitled FIBER OPTIC SIGNAL DISTRIBUTION MODULE AND
8 PANEL RACEWAY.

BACRGROUND OF THE INVENTION
11 Field of the Invention:
12 The invention herein relates to fiber optic communica-13 tions and to the use of optical fibers in conjunction with 14 office equipment. More particularly relates to apparatus for the incorporation of optical fiber distribution systems 16 in modular office furnishings.
17 Backqround of the Invention:
18 It is common in many offices, research facilities, 19 light manufacturing plants and similar work places to have a number of people all working in the same room. Each 21 employee's work space is defined by work area furnishings, 22 which are commonly modular structures. Typically the work 23 areas are formed by the interconnection of modular panels 24 to form clusters of work areas. These panels also normally can be configured to include counters or desk tops, book 26 shelves, storage cabinets and the like, so that each 27 employee's work space can be configured to the optimum 28 arrangement for the employee's particular work tasks.
29 Also, because these various panels are modular, the various work areas can be disassembled and reassembled in various 31 configurations as needed to ensure that working areas 32 remain efficient as the company's work needs change.
33 In most if not all of these modular work areas, there 34 will be a variety of types of office equipment, including computers and communication equipment such as telephones 36 and facsimile machines. Since most of the work areas are 37 clustered into groups (typically of two to twelve work 38 spaces), it is most efficient if the communications cables .

2 ~ PCT/US93/08809 1 serving the various work stations are led in centrally 2 through the work station panels.

3 In the past, there have been numerous designs of 4 modular panels which have included paths or raceways for electrical power lines and electronic communication cables.
6 Virtually every manufacturer of modular office structures 7 offers panels incorporating such features; typical systems 8 are described in U.S. Patents Nos. 4,203,639; 4,841,699;
9 and Re. 31,733. In such panels, the cables are led through narrow raceways and exit at various outlet boxes formed 11 into or attached to the panels, so that the various pieces 12 of office equipment can be connected to the power and/or 13 communication cables by simply being plugged into the 14 outlets on the face of the panels for each work area.
In recent years, fiber optic communications have 16 largely displaced electrical communication systems in many 17 applications, including but not limited to telephone, 18 facsimile and computer communications. Optical fibers 19 carry communication signals much more efficiently than electrical cables, particularly in multiplexing systems, 21 since a much higher number of light signals can be carried 22 separately and distinctly by optical fibers than the number 23 of electrical signals which can be carried by conventional 24 electrical wires. In addition, since there is no radiation field surrounding an optical fiber as there is surrounding 26 an electric wire, many optical fibers can be bundled 27 together without interference between their carried 28 signals. Because of this transition to optical fiber 29 communications, there has been a clear need to be able to use optical fibers in modular office panel systems in place 31 of electrical communication systems.
32 However, several problems exist which prevent 33 customers from simply directly replacing electrical 34 communication wires with optical communication fibers.
First, optical fibers have much different physical 36 properties than electric wires, since they are made of 37 light transmitting materials such as glass and acrylic 21 4 sa g~
1 polymers rather than electrical conductive metals. The 2 physical properties of the glass and polymer fibers require 3 much more space in raceways to make the various turns 4 necessary since light cannot be transmitted around sharp bends in a fiber. See Hecht, Understa~ding Fiber opticS r 6 Chapters 2 and 4 (1987). If the bending radius of the 7 optical fiber is too great, a critical parameter called the 8 confinement angle of the light will be exceeded, so that a 9 portion of the light will escape from the fiber in the curve, thus diminishing or distorting the transmitted 11 signal. Also, glass is susceptible to physical damage.
12 Consequently, different accommodations for optical fibers 13 must be made in panels than are required for electrical 14 wires, which can be bent and twisted essentially at any angle.
16 Further, optical fibers are more efficiently used for 17 communications if the final distribution point of a signal 18 to a target piece of equipment, such as a telephone or 19 computer, is placed as close to that piece of equipment as is physically reasonable. It is much more technically 21 effective and economical to run a multi-fiber trunk cable 22 from a remote location to the modular work area, and then 23 run the various fiber duplex pairs for the shortest 24 practical distance possible.
In addition, a typically configured remote 26 distribution system reduces the overall efficiency of space 27 planning for the work areas and the manager's ability to 28 organize the work for the most efficient work flow.
29 Because of the significant distance between the distribution room and any individual work station, any 31 change in work tasks assigned to that station or in the 32 equipment used at that station requires that entirely new 33 fiber cables be run from the remote distribution room to 34 the work station, clearly a time consuming and expensive project. Also, since the cables have to be run for some 36 distance, including through the ceiling or floor of the 37 work room, it is not uncommon for such changeovers also to W094/07l62 ~ ~ 4~ 0 g PCT/~S93/08809 1 seriously disrupt the work of other employees whose wo 2 spaces are located near the work space being converted, at 3 least for the period of the changeover.
4 Finally, optical fibers are useful for communications, but they are not able to transmit power in addition to 6 signals. Consequently, electrical power must still be 7 provided to the various work areas to run office equipment, 8 including that equipment which receives its signal 9 communications through optical fibers. In the past, this has required separate distribution systems and raceways and 11 therefore most modular equipment manufactures and most 12 business and industrial end-users have been reluctant to 13 incorporate optical fiber communication capability into 14 their panels and other modular products, because of the additional cost, complexity of panels and duplicate 16 distribution structures required.
17 It would therefore be quite advantageous to have an 18 optical fiber communication apparatus which can be directly 19 incorporated into modular panels, and for such panels to be easily and economically structured to accommodate and to 21 provide optimum use of the optical fibers. Such systems 22 would also provide for rapid and simple reconfiguration of 23 work spaces with little or no loss of signal transmission 24 efficiency or disruption of adjacent work areas.

27 The present invention involves an optical fiber 28 communication signal distribution system which is uniquely 29 designed to cooperate with or interfit into the interior of a typical modular office panel. The system can be 31 considered to have three key interacting and cooperating 32 elements; a removable channel, a complementary raceway, and 33 optical fiber signal distribution means incorporated into 34 the channel. The system typically provides fiber optic communication signals to a variety of computers and 36 communication devices such as telephones and facsimile 37 machines. Other aspects of the invention include a panel, W094/07162 ~ 1 4 50 8 0 PCT/US93/08809 1 such as a modular office partition, or a power pole, into 2 which the system fits, or with which it cooperatively 3 operates; and apparatus comprising the combination of the 4 panel and system.
In a broad embodiment, the invention comprises 6 apparatus for dispersive routing of optical fibers of an 7 optical fiber communication signal distribution system 8 through partition members which comprises: a panel having 9 an interior bounded by front and rear surfaces joined by a plurality of edges; an elongated raceway having an interior 11 bounded by axial ends and top and bottom spaced apart 12 substantially parallel structural members, the raceway 13 cooperating with the panel; first opening means in the 14 raceway providing for passage of a plurality of optical fibers from an exterior location into the interior of the 16 raceway; an elongated U-shaped channel having a length not 17 greater than the length of the raceway and a height and 18 depth not greater than the height and depth of the interior 19 of the raceway, such that the channel is adapted to be removably secured within the raceway; fiber coupling means 21 within and attached to an interior surface of the channel, 22 the means comprising a coupling plate having a pair of 23 apertures therethrough and an optical fiber coupler mounted 24 in each aperture of the pair, each coupler having an inlet end and an outlet end; second opening means comprising an 26 aperture in the raceway providing for passage of a 27 plurality of optical fibers between the interior of the 28 raceway and the interior of the panel; third opening means 29 comprising an aperture in at least one of the front and rear surfaces of the panel providing communication between 31 the interior of the panel and the exterior of the front or 32 rear surface; and the second and third opening means 33 cooperating to permit passage of a pair of optical fibers 34 attached to the outlet end of a pair of the couplers from the interior of the raceway through the interior of the 36 panel to the exterior of the panel.
37 In another broad aspect, the invention comprises a WO94/07162 ~ PCT/US93/08809 6 ~
1 modular panel comprising: an interior bounded by front a~!
2 rear surfaces joined by a plurality of edges and having 3 incorporated therewith apparatus for dispersive routing of 4 optical fibers of an optical fiber communication signal distribution system through partition members, which 6 apparatus comprises: a panel having an interior bounded by 7 front and rear surfaces joined by a plurality of edges; an 8 elongated raceway having an interior bounded by axial ends 9 and top and bottom spaced apart substantially parallel structural members, the raceway cooperating with the 11 panel; first opening means in the raceway providing for 12 passage of a plurality of optical fibers from an exterior 13 location into the interior of the raceway; an elongated U-14 shaped channel having a length not greater than the length of the raceway and a height and depth not greater than the 16 height and depth of the interior of the raceway, such that 17 the channel is adapted to be removably secured within the 18 raceway; fiber coupling means within and attached to an 19 interior surface of the channel, the means comprising a coupling plate having a pair of apertures therethrough and 21 an optical fiber coupler mounted in each aperture of the 22 pair, each coupler having an inlet end and an outlet end;
23 second opening means comprising an aperture in the raceway 24 providing for passage of a plurality of optical fibers between the interior of the raceway and the interior of the 26 panel; third opening means comprising an aperture in at 27 least one of the front and rear surfaces of the panel 28 providing communication between the interior of the panel 29 and the exterior of the front or rear surface; and the second and third opening means cooperating to permit 31 passage of a pair of optical fibers attached to the outlet 32 end of a pair of the couplers from the interior of the 33 raceway through the interior of the panel to the exterior 34 of the panel.
In yet another broad aspect, the invention comprises 36 apparatus for dispersive routing of optical fibers of an 37 optical fiber communication signal distribution system from WO94/07162 2 1~ 50 8~ PCT/US93/08809 1 within a raceway which comprises: an elongated U-shaped 2 channel having a length not greater than the length of the 3 raceway and a height and depth not greater than the height 4 and depth of the interior of the raceway, such that the channel is adapted to be removably secured within the 6 raceway; and fiber coupling means within and attached to an 7 interior surface of the channel, the means comprising a 8 coupling plate having a pair of apertures therethrough and 9 an optical fiber coupler mounted in each aperture of the pair, each coupler having an inlet end and an outlet end.
11 This aspect preferably also further comprises the raceway 12 in an elongated form having an interior bounded by axial 13 ends and top and bottom structural members substantially 14 aligned in parallel and spaced apart by a predetermined distance and having the channel disposed therewithin, the 16 raceway adapted to cooperate with a panel; first opening 17 means in the raceway providing for passage of a plurality 18 of optical fibers from an exterior location into the 19 interior of the raceway; and second opening means comprising an aperture in the raceway providing for passage 21 of a plurality of optical fibers between the interior of 22 the raceway to the exterior of the raceway.
23 In various preferred embodiments, the channel has a 24 height and depth substantially equal to the height and depth of the interior of the raceway, such that the channel 26 is adapted to be interfitted into and releaseably secured 27 within the raceway by contact with opposed sides of the 28 structural members. In other preferred embodiments, the 29 channel is secured within the raceway by fastening means such as bolts, screws, releasable adhesives and the like.
31 In other various preferred embodiments, the raceway 32 containing the channel may be disposed in a structure 33 abutting the panel and attached to at least one of the 34 panel's top, bottom or side, or the structure containing said raceway may be an extension member t"power pole") 36 attached to the panel.
37 The system is flexible and can be used to serve any number of work stations within a modular cluster. It also provides for touting and passage of electrical power lines as well as the optical communication fibers.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OT THE DRAWINGS
FIGURE 1 is a perspective view, partially in phantom, of a typical work area cluster in which the optical firber system of the present invention is incorporated.
FIGURE 2 is a side elevation view, partially cut away, of a portion of one of the panels of FIGURE 1 showing the fiber optic communication system of the present invention mounted therein.
FIGURE 3 is an oblique side view of a principal component used in the system of this invention.
FIGURE 4 is an end elevation view of the component of FIGURE 3.
FIGURE 5 is a plan view taken on line 5-5 of FIGURE 2.
FIGURE 6 is an elevation ciew taken on line 6-6 of FIGURE 2.
FIGURE 7 is an elevation view taken showing an alternative means of securing the structure.
FIGURE 8 is front view (with a portion cut away) illustration another embiodiment of the panel mounted in a raceway at the other than fully within (here shown as the bottom) a panel.
FIGURE 9 is an enlarged front view similar to that of FIGURE 3 showing a different embodiment of the component.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The system of the present invention will be best understood by reference to the drawings. FIGURE 1 shows a typicalcluster 2 of work stations (in this case three work stations) which are formed by modular panels 4. Each work station itself is represented by desk surfaces 6 shown in phantom. It will be understood, of course, that while these particular panels 4 and desk surfaces 6 are shown as identical, there are many interchangeable commercial WO94/07162 ~ 0 8 ~ PCT/US93/08803 .~ 9 ~ 1 panels, counters, desk tops, storage cabinets and the like 2 which are used to form the clusters 2, and the particular 3 configuration or number of modules is not critical to this 4 invention. The system of the present invention is useful - 5 with all such configurations, and is not to be construed as 6 being limited solely with any single type of panel or work 7 station configuration. Thus the cluster 2 shown in FIGURE

8 1 should be considered to be merely an example and not 9 limiting for the present invention.
One embodiment of the raceway/distribution panel 11 system 8 of the present invention is illustrated in FIGURE
12 2, which shows a preferred location within a structure such 13 as a panel 4. The system 8 is basically a combination of 14 three interacting and cooperating elements; the removable channel 12, the complementary raceway 10, and the optical 16 fiber signal distribution means 14 incorporated into the 17 channel 12. Each of these will be further described below.
18 The structure of raceway 10 will be dependent upon 19 whether the raceway is to be located within the panel 4 or is to be disposed in a cooperative position abutting or 21 adjacent to the panel 4 (as at the bottom, top or side or 22 the panel 4, or in an attached "power pole" leading to the 23 panel 4). The structure in which the raceway is within the 24 panel 4 will be considered first. The typical panel structure 4 is normally made of a metal frame 16 with a 26 number of internal horizontal and/or vertical reinforcing 27 members such as cross member 18 and 20. In panels adapted 28 to accommodate the system of the present invention, cross 29 members 18 and 20 will be horizontal and parallel, spaced apart by the height of the channel 12.
31 Normally the panels 4 will be covered by a decorative 32 facing 22. The system 8 of the present invention normally 33 will be concealed behind another decorative panel 24, with 34 panel 24 being readily removable to allow access to the system 8. In FIGURE 1, the panel 24 is shown in one 36 preferred position immediately above the level of the desk 37 top 6. It will be evident that the exact location of the ~,~ 4~ o 1 system 8 and panel 24 can be anywhere along the height o 2 the panel 4; for instance, it may be desired to have it 3 near the bottom of the panel.
4 Also shown in FIGURE 1 in association with decorative panels 22 and 24 are various closeable openings 26 in panel 6 24 and 26' in panels 22. These closeable openings 26 and 7 26' are to provide for access from the cable distribution 8 means 14 within the channel 12 to the specific pieces of 9 equipment, either directly or through an interface coupling plate 27. One or more openings 26 in the decorative panel 11 24 comprise the preferred embodiment, although in many 12 cases it will also be desirable to have any one or more of 13 the various openings 26' either instead of or in 14 combination with any of the openings 26. Also, it will be evident that the specific location shown in FIGURE 1 are 16 simply representative and that the actual locations of the 17 openings 26 and 26' may be at any desired locations across 18 the surfaces of the panels 22 or 24. Typically when an 19 opening 26 or 26' is not required to be open for cable passage, it is closed by conventional cover plate 25, which 21 can have a surface appearances either to contrast with the 22 panels 22 and 24 or blend with them. Similarly, panels 22 23 and 24 can have the same or contrasting appearances 24 depending on the visual effect desired by the user.
The raceway 10 will normally extend through entire 26 length of the panel 4 and be aligned with end openings 28 27 in each panel. The end openings 28 at each end of the 28 panel 4 provide for access of the fiber optic cable to the 29 signal source or to adjacent panels, as will be discussed below. Where the openings 28 are at the outer edge of a 31 panel, as shown in FIGURE 1, they can be left open but 32 preferably will be covered with a decorative plate 27' 33 which usually will match the appearance of the metal frame 34 16. This provides not only a pleasing visual appearance and gives a finished look to the panel 4, but also protects 36 the optical fibers inside from dirt and damage.
37 There are numerous alternative locations for the 5 (~ ~ ~
1 raceway 10 with respect to the panel 4. For instance, 2 raceways can be attached to or located within the bottom, 3 top or a side of a panel. An attached structure leading to 4 the panel, such as an extension or "power pole" 51, could ~ 5 be provided with the raceway placed inside. The location 6 within the panel can be at any level and need not be near 7 the midpoint as illustrated in FIGURE 1. Further, the 8 raceway need not be disposed horizontally, but could also 9 be vertical or at an acute angle to one or more edges of the panel as desired or dictated by the panel configuration 11 and/or the modular cluster layout. As an illustration of 12 the alternatives, one alternative location for the raceway 13 (designated as 10') is shown in FIGURE 8, where the raceway 14 lO' is located at the base of the panel 4, normally behind an access panel 24'. In this case the output cables will 16 pass upward through apertures such as 122 in the raceway 17 and 128 in the bottom of the panel 4 to provide access to 18 the interior of the panel 4 and routing to the openings 26.
19 The frame 16 of the panel 4 may if desired be extended as at 16' to enclose the raceway 10', or the raceway 10' may 21 have its own end cap (not shown). If the frame 16 is not 22 extended, the raceway 10' may have a depth greater than 23 that of the panel 4, and the panel 4 may in effect rest on 24 the raceway 10'. The two will be abutting and directly connected in either case, so that the bottom of the panel 26 4 serves as the top of the raceway 10'.
27 Considering now channel 12, the structure is best 28 illustrated in FIGURES 3 and 4 and the fit of the channel 29 12 into the raceway 10 is best illustrated in FIGURES 2, 6 and 7. As shown in FIGURE 3, the channel 12 is an 31 elongated, generally U-shaped member having a top 30, a 32 back 32 and a base 34. The top 30 is spaced apart from 33 back 32 by an angled side 36, which provides clearance to 34 allow the channel 12 to be inserted into the raceway 10.
If desired, there may also be present a lip 38 which as 36 shown in FIGURE 6 provides a stop to control the angle and 37 depth of the insertion of the channel 12 into raceway 10.

wo 94,o7l62 ~ 45 o ~ ~ 12 PCT/US93/08809 1 The preferred fit of the channel 12 into raceway 10 2 best seen in FIGURE 6. In this embodiment top 30 abuts and 3 is in contact with the bottom of cross member 18 while the 4 base 34 abuts and is in contact with the bottom of cross member 20. The angled portion 36 allows enough flexibility 6 in the channel 12 (which is preferably made of sheet metal 7 but could be made of heavy plastic or a moderately stiff 8 rubber material) to allow the panel to be placed into the 9 raceway by first inserting the bottom 34 and then pushing the rest of the channel 12 into the opening between cross 11 members 18 and 20. The top 30 and edge 36 will flex 12 slightly to enter the raceway 10 space between cross 13 members 18 and 20 and then will resile to the contacting 14 and securing position shown in FIGURES 6 and 7 with lip 38 forming a stop to prevent further insertion. The distance 16 between the contacting surfaces of cross members 18 and 20 17 will be essentially equal to the distance between the outer 18 surfaces of top 30 and bottom 34 of channel 12, so that the 19 channel 12 will be snugly seated in the raceway 10. The fit should be snug enough that the channel 12 is not easily 21 dislodged and does not move and rattle within the raceway 22 10, since such motion and noise is both potentially harmful 23 to the optical fibers and distracting and annoying to the 24 people using the work areas. However, the fit should not be so snug that the channel 12 cannot be removed by firm 26 hand pressure when a technician wishes to remove the 27 channel 12 to reconfigure the cables and optical fibers or 28 perform maintenance on the unit. Those skilled in the art 29 will have no difficulty determining the proper amount of resistance to be incorporated into the system by proper 31 selection of the particular metal, plastic or rubber 32 selected, the thickness of the material and its resilience.
33 An alternative embodiment is shown in FIGURE 7. In 34 this embodiment the top of channel 12 does not reach the cross member 18, so that channel 12 is not secured in place 36 by the frictional engagement with cross members 18 and 20.
37 In this embodiment, securement is by means of one or more 13 ~1~ 508~
1 fasteners 35, such as sheet metal screws or bolts, which 2 attach bottom 34 of channel 12 to cross member 20. Other 3 points of attachment may also be used. For instance, top 4 30 of channel 12 could be attached by a fastener such as 35 to the cross member 18, so that the channel 12 was 6 suspended from cross member 18 rather than resting on cross s 7 member 20 as illustrated.
8 Yet another option is also indicated in FIGURE 7. If 9 desired one or more spacers 37 may be placed between top 30 of channel 12 and the underside of cross member 18, or 11 alternatively between bottom 34 of channel 12 and the top 12 of cross member 20, to obtain frictional engagement either 13 alone or in combination with an elongated fastener 37'.
14 The third component is the means 14 for securing and distributing the optical fibers. The integration of this 16 distribution means within the raceway 10 itself as mounted 17 on channel 12 is a critical element of the present 18 invention and overcomes many of the problems of the prior 19 art. This allows the main optical fiber cable or bundle 52 to be continued directly to the interior of the panel 4 so 21 that the actual distribution fibers can be of minimal 22 length, thus increasing flexibility, cost effectiveness and 23 maintainability of the system.
24 The distribution structure 14 is comprised of two portions, the fiber guide portion and the individual fiber 26 coupler portion. The fiber guide portion is made up of 27 central curved brackets 40 and end curved brackets 42.
28 Either or both may have outwardly extending tabs 44 to 29 retain the fibers in position, and it is preferred that tabs 44 be present on the central brackets 40. The fiber 31 coupler portion comprises perforated plates 46, each of 32 which has paired holes 48 through each plate and in which 33 holes are mounted one or more pairs of fiber optic couplers 34 50. ("Couplers" 50 may be conventional couplers or may be attentuators, splices, high density clips or any other 36 similar device for functionally attaching the ends of the 37 optical fibers. Specific examples will be identified 2 ~ 45 8 PCT/US93/0880-9 1 below. For the purposes of this invention, therefore, th~
2 term "couplers" will be understood to include all 3 functionally e~uivalent devices.) 4 Typically the number of paired holes 48 in each plate 46 will be equal to one half the total number of fiber 6 optic pairs which are expected to be used in the 7 distribution system. This allows for maximum flexibility 8 and minimum height of the unit 12. It is however possible g to have the number of holes 48 in each plate 46 equal the total number of fiber optic pairs or have the total number 11 of pairs of holes 48 be unevenly distributed between the 12 two plates 46. Also, it is not necessary to have all pairs 13 of couplers 50 installed initially. Rather one can 14 initially install only the number of pairs of couplers 50 which will initially be needed, leaving the remaining holes 16 48 vacant for future expansion of the system, with the 17 additional pairs of couplers 50 being added as needed.
18 As best seen in FIGURES 1, 2 and 5, the main fiber 19 optic cable S2 containing the optical fibers 54 (usually in pairs) is passed into a central joint portion of the 21 cluster 2 formed by the interconnection of panels 4 and 22 then passed between the panels 4 and through one of the 23 openings 28 into the interior of the raceway 10 and channel 24 12. It is most expedient to have the cable 52 initially contain the maximum number of fiber optic pairs 54 that the 26 cluster 2 is expected to need in the foreseeable future.
27 This greatly simplifies use of the system, because the 28 master cable 52 is then fully installed and the individual 29 fiber optic pairs to different communications devices can be readily installed when needed simply by patching to the 31 couplers 50, as will be described below. It will be 32 recognized, however, that as unexpected needs occur or the 33 cluster 2 grows beyond the original design capacity, the 34 original cable 52 can be replaced or be supplemented by installation of additional cables to additional channels 12 36 in other panels 4 of the enlarged cluster 2. It is one of 37 the advantages of this system that such expansion is 15 ~I 4~08D
1 readily accommodated with little or nor disruption of 2 employees' work patterns beyond that normally incurred in 3 the physical enlargement of the modular complex 2.
4 When the main cable 52 is brought into the interior of the channel 12 it is first routed over the top of the 6 closest plate 46 through the open space 58 under top 30 and 7 angled side 36, usually secured onto side 36 by some 8 convenient means such as tie-wraps, and then looped around 9 brackets 40 behind tabs 44 as shown in FIGURE 5 to terminate within the channel 12. Preferably the main cable 11 52 will terminate just short of the brackets 40 and the 12 individual fiber duplex pairs 60 themselves will be looped 13 around the brackets 40. Regardless of whether it is the 14 main cable 52 or the individual pairs 60 which are looped, the looping turn pattern 56 maintains the proper curvature 16 and avoids kinking and bending of optical fibers, as is 17 known from the prior art; see for instance U.S. Patents 18 Nos. 4,976,510; 5,013,112; and 5,109,467. It is unique to 19 the present invention, however, that the termination of the main cable 52 occurs not in a remote distribution room or 21 junction box but rather in the raceway 10 and panels 4 at 22 the cluster site.
23 After the main cable 52 has been laid in one or more 24 turns 56 around the central bracket 40, the individual fiber pairs 60 are separated and routed with each fiber 54 26 directed to its respective inlet half 50' of a coupler pair 27 50. Normally each optical fiber 54 is terminated by a plug 28 62 which mates with the respective inlet portion 50' of the 29 coupler 50. On the opposite or outlet side 50" of the coupler 50, the outlet cable pair 64 passes to the 31 individual communication device through an opening 26 32 either directly or through an interface coupler plate 27.
33 Alternatively, as shown at 64', the outlet fiber pair may 34 pass on through an end opening 28 of the panel 4 into an adjacent panel for attachment to a communication device 36 located at another part of the work station or at a 37 neighboring work station. The outlet fiber will also be 2 1 45~80 16 ~
1 capped at its end by appropriate plug 62. In the normal 2 configuration, each coupler 50 is made up of two female 3 ends 50' and 50" while the plugs 62 are male units. This 4 minimizes the risk of damage to the couplers 50 when they are not in use. It will be of course evident that the 6 male:female relationship of the plugs and couplers can be 7 reversed if desired.
8 The unused portions of the incoming fiber pairs can be 9 coupled to the inlet part 50' of couplers 50 which fill all of the pairs holes 48, which is preferred, so that 11 subsequent connections of any external device can be made 12 by a simple attachment of the external device's own cable 13 to the outlet side 50l' of a coupler 50. It is possible, 14 however, to have only the number of couplers 50 in place that are actually to be used at any given time. In this 16 case, the end portions of the unused cable pairs 60 will be 17 further looped around the brackets 40 to be held 18 conveniently available for use when needed.
19 When in the preferred embodiment in which the two plates `46 each contains one-half of the total number of 21 holes 48 needed for all the fiber optic pairs 60, it will 22 often be found that the various communication devices are 23 not equally divided in terms of their location with respect 24 to the system 8 and that therefore certain of the outlet fiber leads 64 must be turned 180 from the outlet side of 26 the plate 46 to which they are attached so that they can be 27 led out through the channel 12 in the opposite direction.
28 In order to avoid kinking of such cables during the turn, 29 they are looped around the end brackets 42 as shown at 65 in FIGURE 2 and then threaded back to the other end of 31 channel 12, usually through the space 70, to exit through 32 an opening 26 or 28 as appropriate.
33 Another embodiment of the channel (designated 12') is 34 shown in FIGURE 9. In this embodiment there are brackets 102 and 104 located toward the ends of the channel 12'. An 36 array 106 of small plates 108 are arranged centrally of the 37 channel 12'. Each plate 108 is perforated with an opening W094/07162 2 ~ 4~0 g Q PCT/US93,08809 1 110 into which is mounted a pair of fiber optic couplers 2 112 (only one of each pair is visible in FIGURE 9 since 3 they are shown as dispos~d~perpendicular to the back of the 4 channel 12'). Each of these couplers 112 can accommodate the mating ends 114 of fiber optic cable pairs 116 and 118.
6 The particular arrangement of the plates 108 is not 7 critical, although they will be disposed such that the 8 fiber optic pairs 116 and 118 attached to the various 9 plates 108 do not interfere with each other. It is convenient to have all plates aligned generally parallel to 11 each other and angled at approximately 20-45 to the 12 longitudinal axis of the channel 12'. If the angle is 13 significantly smaller, the optical fibers may interfere 14 with each other, and if it is significantly greater, they may be forced into unduly sharp bends, which could damage 16 or rupture the fibers.
17 In operation, the trunk cable 52 enters through an 18 appropriate aperture, usually an open end 120 of the 19 channel 12' and then is coiled around bracket 102. The individual optical fiber pairs 118 are separated and each 21 fiber of a pair is led to an individual plate 108 and 22 attached to the input side of a coupler 112, in the same 23 manner described above with reference to FIGURES 2 and 5.
24 Each pair of couplers 112 can also receive one end of an output cable pair 116, which pair 116 leads to an 26 individual piece of equipment, also as described above. In 27 FIGURE g cables 116 are shown as being led around bracket 28 104 before being routed out of the channel 12' through 29 apertures such as 122 and 124. In practice, one can in some cases dispense with leading output cable 116' around 31 the bracket 104 since it can exit through aperture 122 32 without undue bending. It will normally be necessary to 33 lead output cable 116" around the bracket 104, however, 34 since it must make essentially a complete reversal in direction to exit through aperture 124.
36 The output cables 116, 116' and 116" are shown in 37 FIGURE 9 as optionally being sheathed by sheath 126 over a W094/07162 ~ PCT/US93/08809 1 portion of their length and then separated into individual 2 pairs after exit through the apertures 122 and 124. This 3 may be of advantage where several optical output cables are 4 being directed as a group to a specific equipment area.
As mentioned before, it is also necessary that the 6 panels 4 be proyided with conventional electrical power 7 lines to operate the various communication devices as well 8 as other electrical office equipment such as calculators, 9 photocopiers or the like. Therefore it will be seen from the drawings, particularly FIGURES 6 and 7, that the plates 11 46 and brackets 40 and 42 do not extend to the complete 12 width and depth of the channel 12, but rather leave a space 13 70 between the open side (front) of the channel 12 and the 14 brackets and plates. Existence of this space 70 allows for routing of the redirected fiber optic pairs from 65 past 16 the plates and brackets. More importantly, however, it 17 allows space for conventional electrical cables 72 to be 18 laid through the same raceway 10 as houses the channel 12.
19 The optical fibers and the communication signals are not effected in any way by the presence of the electrical 21 cables 72 since the light transmission signals have no 22 electrical field which would be disrupted by the electrical 23 fields of the cables 72. Thus, the overall system within 24 the panels 4 is particularly and desirably compact and provides means for transmission of both electrical power 26 and optical fiber communication signals in a single 27 raceway.
28 A wide variety of optical fibers, fiber couplers, 29 mechanical splices, fiber cables and plugs may be used in the present invention. The fiber optic main trunk cable 52 31 is commonly a 12- or 24-fiber cable, FDDI-rated, tight-32 buffered distribution style, plenum rated. Typical 33 examples are cables available from Siecor Optical Cable 34 Corporation under part nos. 12K82-31141-04 or 24K82-31141-04, from AT&T under part nos. LGBC-012A-LPX and LGBC-024A-36 LPX, and from Cooper Industries/Belden Division under part 37 no. 550266. The fiber duplex jumper cables (pairs) are WO94/07162 ~ PCT/US93/088~9 ~ 19 1 commonly two-fiber FDDI-rated, tight- buffered, breakout 2 style; typical examples ~re those available from AT&T under 3 part no. 1861A and from Cooper Industries/Belden Division 4 under part no. 225182. Fiber optic connectors (plugs) will usually be ST-compatible connectors; a typical preferred 6 example will be the 3M "Push-Pull" connector, available - 7 from the 3M Company under part no. 6102-H. Other 8 commercially available connector types which are useful 9 include SC, FC/PC, D4, and so forth. Fiber optic couplers are ST-compatible (when using ST plugs) couplers (female:
11 female); a typical example is that available from AT&T
12 under part no. C2000A-2. For applications where it is 13 preferred to utilize duplex connectors, the 3M "Push-Pull"
14 connectors may be connected together with a duplex clip available from 3M Company under part no. 6199-DC. In this 16 duplex configuration, a locking clip (available from 3M
17 Company under part no. 6199-LC) may be utilized to lock the 18 connectors in a mated position with couplers. ST-19 compatible duplex couplers with individual metals plates are available from 3M Company under part no. 2155-CKMM. In 21 addition, as noted fiber optic mechanical splices may be 22 utilized in place of fiber optic connectors and couplers.
23 A typical example are the splices commercially available 24 from the 3M Company under the trade name "3M Fibrlok" as parts nos. 2525, 2590 and 2599.
26 It is therefore not intended that the present 27 invention be limited by the particular type of optical 28 fiber, coupler, splice or other component which is 29 selected. Rather those skilled in the art will understand and recognize that there are a wide variety of different 31 combinations of couplers, cables and other components which 32 can be used with the present system. It will be further 33 recognized that any reasonable number of fiber pairs can be 34 used with a system of this invention, limited only to the number of plates 46 or 108 and fiber pairs 54 or 116 which 36 can be fitted into the available space. For instance, in 37 one embodiment there may be two or more plates 46 on either 094/0716~ ~ ~5 Q ~ ~ PCT/US93/08809 1 side of the center bracket 40 in a channel 12, spaced faF
2 enough apart so that the couplers and attached optical 3 fibers 60 and 64 do not interfere with each other. In this 4 case, the fiber pairs 60 and 64 directed to or away from a particular panel 46 would pass through space 70 when 6 passing other panels 46 so that they could be routed as 7 desired. It will also be recognized that if there is more 8 than one incoming cable 52, the extra cable or cables can 9 pass directly through space 70 or a given raceway 10 and not interfere with a particular distribution system 14 and 11 on through paired openings 28 into other panels in the 12 cluster and be terminated in a different system 8 mounted 13 elsewhere in the clustered panels 4.
14 It will be evident from the above that there are numerous embodiments of this invention which, while not 16 expressly set forth above, are clearly within the scope and 17 spirit of the invention. The above description is 18 therefore intended to be exemplary only, and the scope of 19 the invention is to be limited solely by the appended claims.

Claims

1. Apparatus for dispersive routing of optical fibers of an optical fiber communication signal distribution system through partition members which comprises:
a panel having an interior bounded by front and rear surfaces joined by a plurality of edges;
an elongated raceway having an interior bounded by axial ends and top and bottom spaced apart substantially parallel structural members, said raceway cooperating with said panel;
first opening means in said raceway providing for passage of a plurality of optical fibers from an exterior location into said interior of said raceway;
an elongated U-shaped channel having a length not greater than the length of said raceway and a height and depth not greater than the height and depth of said interior of said raceway, such that said channel is adapted to be removably secured within said raceway;
fiber coupling means within and attached to an interior surface of said channel, said means comprising a coupling plate having a pair of apertures therethrough and an optical fiber coupler mounted in each aperture of said pair, each said coupler having an inlet end and an outlet end;
second opening means comprising an aperture in said raceway providing for passage of a plurality of optical fibers between said interior of said raceway and said interior of said panel;
third opening means comprising an aperture in at least one of said front and rear surfaces of said panel providing communication between said interior of said panel and the exterior of said front or rear surface; and said second and third opening means cooperating to permit passage of a pair of optical fibers attached to said outlet end of a pair of said couplers from the interior of said raceway through said interior of said panel to the exterior of said panel.

2. Apparatus as in Claim 1 further comprising fiber support means within and attached to an interior surface of said channel, said support means comprising a bracket having a curvature compatible with the light confinement angle of optical fibers to be supported by said bracket.

3. Apparatus as in Claim 2 wherein there are a plurality of said brackets.

4. Apparatus as in Claim 1 wherein said raceway is disposed within said panel, said raceway having a depth not greater than the depth of said panel and being disposed between said front and rear surfaces of said panel.

5. Apparatus as in Claim 4 wherein said raceway extends across one major dimension of said panel.

6. Apparatus as in Claim 4 wherein said raceway is incorporated into said panel with both of said top and bottom structural members of said raceway extending between two oppositely disposed edges.

7. Apparatus as in Claim 4 wherein said raceway is disposed vertically within said panel.

8. Apparatus as in Claim 4 wherein said raceway is disposed horizontally within said panel.

9. Apparatus as in Claim 1 wherein said raceway is disposed in a structure abutting said panel.

10. Apparatus as in Claim 9 wherein said structure containing said raceway is attached to at least one of a top, bottom or side of said panel.

11. Apparatus as in Claim 9 wherein structure containing said raceway comprises an extension member attached to said panel.

12. Apparatus as in Claim 1 wherein said channel has a height and depth substantially equal to the height and depth of said interior of said raceway, such that said channel is adapted to be interfitted into and releaseably secured within said raceway by contact with opposed sides of said structural members.

13. Apparatus as in Claim 12 wherein a side of said channel is angled to facilitate said interfitting into said raceway.

14. Apparatus as in Claim 12 wherein said channel can be released from its securement within said raceway by a firm hand pull.

15. Apparatus as in Claim 1 wherein said channel is secured within said raceway by fastening means.

16. Apparatus as in Claim 4 further comprising an access aperture in at least one of said surfaces of said panel and providing direct access from said exterior of said panel into said interior of said raceway, said access aperture being of a size sufficient to enable said channel to interfitted into and secured within said raceway from said exterior of said panel.

17. Apparatus as in Claim 16 wherein said access aperture is closable.

18. Apparatus as in Claim 4 wherein said first opening means comprises an aperture in one of said edges, said aperture being aligned with one of said ends of said raceway.

19. Apparatus as in Claim 18 wherein there are a plurality of said apertures, with at least one said aperture aligned with each end of said raceway.

20. Apparatus as in Claim 1 wherein said first opening means comprises an aperture in one of said ends of said raceway.

21. Apparatus as in Claim 20 wherein there are a plurality of said apertures, with at least one said aperture disposed in each end of said raceway.

22. Apparatus as in Claim 1 wherein there are a plurality of said second opening means in said front and rear surfaces.

23. Apparatus as in Claim 1 wherein said coupling plate contains a plurality of said pairs of apertures.

24. Apparatus as in Claim 23 further comprising a plurality of said plates, each with a plurality of said apertures.

25. Apparatus as in Claim 24 wherein each of said plates contains an equal number of said apertures.

26. Apparatus as in claim 1 further comprising a plurality of said coupling plates.

27. Apparatus as in Claim 26 wherein said plurality of coupling plates are aligned across said surface of said channel at an angle such that said couplers are substantially parallel to each other.

28. Apparatus as in Claim 27 wherein said angle is between about 20°-45° to a longitudinal axis of said channel.

29. Apparatus as in Claim 1 wherein said plate projects outwardly into the interior of said channel by a dimension less than the depth of said channel, with an open passage formed thereby between said plate and an open side of said channel.

30. A modular panel comprising:
an interior bounded by front and rear surfaces joined by a plurality of edges and having incorporated therewith apparatus for dispersive routing of optical fibers of an optical fiber communication signal distribution system through partition members, which apparatus comprises:
a panel having an interior bounded by front and rear surfaces joined by a plurality of edges;
an elongated raceway having an interior bounded by axial ends and top and bottom spaced apart substantially parallel structural members, said raceway cooperating with said panel;
first opening means in said raceway providing for passage of a plurality of optical fibers from an exterior location into said interior of said raceway;
an elongated U-shaped channel having a length not greater than the length of said raceway and a height and depth not greater than the height and depth of said interior of said raceway, such that said channel is adapted to be removably secured within said raceway;
fiber coupling means within and attached to an interior surface of said channel, said means comprising a coupling plate having a pair of apertures therethrough and an optical fiber coupler mounted in each aperture of said pair, each said coupler having an inlet end and an outlet end;
second opening means comprising an aperture in said raceway providing for passage of a plurality of optical fibers between said interior of said raceway and said interior of said panel;
third opening means comprising an aperture in at least one of said front and rear surfaces of said panel providing communication between said interior of said panel and the exterior of said front or rear surface; and said second and third opening means cooperating to permit passage of a pair of optical fibers attached to said outlet end of a pair of said couplers from the interior of said raceway through said interior of said panel to the exterior of said panel.

31. A panel as in Claim 30 wherein said raceway is disposed within said panel, said raceway having a depth not greater than the depth of said panel and being disposed between said front and rear surfaces of said panel.

32. A panel as in Claim 31 wherein said raceway extends across one major dimension of said panel.

33. A panel as in Claim 30 wherein said channel has a height and depth substantially equal to the height and depth of said interior of said raceway, such that said channel is adapted to be interfitted into and releaseably secured within said raceway by contact with opposed sides of said structural members.

34. A panel as in Claim 33 wherein a side of said channel is angled to facilitate said interfitting into said raceway.

35. A panel as in Claim 33 wherein said channel can be released from its securement within said raceway by a firm hand pull.

36. A panel as in Claim 30 wherein said channel is secured within said raceway by fastening means.

37. A panel as in Claim 30 further comprising an access aperture in at least one of said surfaces of said panel and providing direct access from said exterior of said panel into said interior of said raceway, said access aperture being of a size sufficient to enable said channel to interfitted into and secured within said raceway from said exterior of said panel.

38. A panel as in Claim 37 wherein said access aperture is closable.

39. A panel as in Claim 30 wherein there are a plurality of said second opening means in said front and rear surfaces.

40. A panel as in Claim 30 having attached thereto a structure within which said raceway is disposed.

41. A panel as in Claim 40 wherein said structure containing said raceway is attached to at least one of a top, bottom or side of said panel.

42. A panel as in Claim 40 wherein structure containing said raceway comprises an extension member attached to said panel.

43. Apparatus for dispersive routing of optical fibers of an optical fiber communication signal distribution system from within a raceway which comprises:
an elongated U-shaped channel having a length not greater than the length of said raceway and a height and depth not greater than the height and depth of said interior of said raceway, such that said channel is adapted to be removably secured within said raceway; and fiber coupling means within and attached to an interior surface of said channel, said means comprising a coupling plate having a pair of apertures therethrough and an optical fiber coupler mounted in each aperture of said pair, each said coupler having an inlet end and an outlet end.

44. Apparatus as in Claim 43 further comprising said raceway being in an elongated form having an interior bounded by axial ends and top and bottom structural members substantially aligned in parallel and spaced apart by a predetermined distance and having said channel disposed therewithin, said raceway adapted to cooperate with a panel;
first opening means in said raceway providing for passage of a plurality of optical fibers from an exterior location into said interior of said raceway; and second opening means comprising an aperture in said raceway providing for passage of a plurality of optical fibers between said interior of said raceway to the exterior of said raceway.

45. A panel as in Claim 44 wherein said channel has a height and depth substantially equal to the height and depth of said interior of said raceway, such that said channel is adapted to be interfitted into and releaseably secured within said raceway by contact with opposed sides of said structural members.

46. A panel as in Claim 45 wherein a side of said channel is angled to facilitate said interfitting into said raceway.

47. A panel as in Claim 45 wherein said channel can be released from its securement within said raceway by a firm hand pull.

48. A panel as in Claim 44 wherein said channel is secured within said raceway by fastening means.

49. Apparatus as in Claim 43 further comprising fiber support means within and attached to an interior surface of said channel, said support means comprising a bracket having a curvature compatible with the light confinement angle of optical fibers to be supported by said bracket.

50. Apparatus as in Claim 47 wherein there are a plurality of said brackets.

51. Apparatus as in Claim 43 wherein said coupling plate contains a plurality of said pairs of apertures.

52. Apparatus as in Claim 49 further comprising a plurality of said plates, each with a plurality of said apertures.

53. Apparatus as in Claim 43 further comprising a plurality of said coupling plates.

54. Apparatus as in Claim 51 wherein said plurality of coupling plates are aligned across said surface of said channel at an angle such that said couplers are substantially parallel to each other.

55. Apparatus as in Claim 52 wherein said angle is between about 20°-45° to a longitudinal axis of said channel.