CA2179291A1 - Method of and apparatus for processing data at a remote workstation - Google Patents
Method of and apparatus for processing data at a remote workstationInfo
- Publication number
- CA2179291A1 CA2179291A1 CA002179291A CA2179291A CA2179291A1 CA 2179291 A1 CA2179291 A1 CA 2179291A1 CA 002179291 A CA002179291 A CA 002179291A CA 2179291 A CA2179291 A CA 2179291A CA 2179291 A1 CA2179291 A1 CA 2179291A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- files
- remote workstation
- workstation
- data files
- remote
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/14—Session management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/50—Network services
- H04L67/60—Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources
- H04L67/62—Establishing a time schedule for servicing the requests
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/04—Protocols for data compression, e.g. ROHC
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
- H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
- H04L69/322—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
- H04L69/329—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the application layer [OSI layer 7]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/40—Network security protocols
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S370/00—Multiplex communications
- Y10S370/901—Wide area network
- Y10S370/902—Packet switching
- Y10S370/903—Osi compliant network
- Y10S370/904—Integrated Services Digital Network, ISDN
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
- Y10S707/912—Applications of a database
- Y10S707/922—Communications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
- Y10S707/99941—Database schema or data structure
- Y10S707/99942—Manipulating data structure, e.g. compression, compaction, compilation
Abstract
A method and apparatus for processing at a remote worksta-tion (14), data files that are compressed and collected into groups on a local area network (10) at a central location. The files of a group are transferred to the workstation over an ISDN switched telephone network (22) in response to automatic requests from the workstations. The workstation requests depend on unprocessed files at the workstation as well as the time and date in order to reduce the connection time. When files are received at the work-station the first is immediately decompressed and presented to the operator. In the meantime the next file which the operator is ex-pected to need is decompressed in the background and is ready for processing as soon as the operator finishes with the first. When the operator switches to the next file the processing results are automatically saved and a further file is decompressed and held in a queue for the operator.
Description
DATA AT A REMOTE WORKSTATION
I~ACKGROUND OF THF INVFI\ITION
The invention relates to high p~, rc." "~"ce remote data processing and, more particularly, to a method of and apparatus for the effective remote assi~"",~"l, ~,d~,:,",;.,:.ion, p,uces~i,)g, collection, and ",a"ag~,n~"l of documents which can be l~pl~ d as digital data.
Many industries require the processing and ,,,c,,,au~,,,e,,l of a large number of documents. These documents are typically paper, but can also include other physicai media, such as pllolu~ldulls, audio or video It:Cu" ,y~ art worksphysical evidence, etc. Much of the illrulll'~'lio'~ in these documents may be converted into a digital format and stored into a computer system via a variety of techniques, such as digital scanning for paper and ~ol1u lu~, aphs and digital recording for audio and video. In addition, there are many source documents which are native to a computer env;.ulllllell~ such as word p~uces:,i"g and ~ ad~llee~ files or a record from a computer database. Documents which are cu" ",osed of one or more of these different data types can be referred to as electronic or digital documents.
While the concept of electronic or digital documents is not new the i"u, I:asi"g use of digital imaging techniques to acquire and store business records, - as well as the prevalence of personal computing data at the office, presents a Wo 951170C7 Pcr/uss4~l47~s ~
21 792~1 2 series of technical opportunities and .1, " ~ges for the efficient distribution and co""~ l,en~ive ~a"ag~"":"l of such documents.
For instance it is often desirable to grant remote access to electronic documents so that employees may work at home or some other remote location.
5 Having employees work at home is becoming i~ a~ ly popular because it provides benefits to both the employer and the stay-at-home employee. So called, "Lt~ co"",~uting" employees can save a firm a great deal of overhead expense in terms of office space. Telecommuting also allows a firm to hire talented workers who could not otherwise work in the office setting. For example employees with 10 a long-term illness or physical handicap or parents with small children may enthu ,ic,:,~i 'ly work at home because of the flexible work schedule, but could not conveniently work in an office.
Giving a remote employee access to the digital electronic documents upon which they must work presents several technical problems. These documents 15 can be very large in size in terms of the number of digital bits they represent. The size of a typical bi-level 8.5" x 11" page scanned at 200 dots per inch can range from5Kbytesto200Kbytesd~ut:" '' ,gupontheamountofi,,rc,,l,,clLiu~contained on the scanned page. An average colllul~:.a~d image size could be 50K bytes.
Color and gray scale images can be an order of magnitude larger and audiolvideo 20 recordings an order of magnitude larger again This contrasts sharply with typical ASCII data Llall~ ,iul~s which are less than 2K per terminal screen in size.
Secondly, in many occupations, a remote employee will be rated or co"".~"~lLt,d based on productivity, such as the number of forms processed per -WO 95/17067 PCT/US94/~4785 hour. Because the document is delivered to the remote employee via the L,dl,a,,,;~aiùllanddisplayofdigitaldata~thew~lhaLdliul~sthroughwhichtheremote employees work must be capable of a sufficiently high level of p~, ru""d,-ce that they do not impede the employee's productivity. Assuming that the p~rulllldllce 5 of a ~ulkaldlioll in the central office is adequate for the requisite productivity, the remote vJu,haldliul~s have the problem of ",~.:. ,9 perru""a"ce levels while coping with the additional task of receiving and lla~lalllilLillg the data over a COl~Si~ dble distance.
These issues of electronic document data size and high workstation 10 p~.ru"-,a,~ce are typically solved by the use of higher bandwidth lelecu,.,,,,unications facilities. While very high bal,d~J;III, facilities are available from a local phone company, they can also be prohibitively expensive. A practical economic alternative for a small remote site is a medium bandwidth "switched line"
digital service. The "switched line" offered by the telephone compsny has one 15 llàllalll;~.aiol~ wire installed between the remote site and the phone company and another wire installed between the phone company and the central office. As with typical voice l~lepl-ol~e service, the phone company connects the two sites on an "on-demand" basis and charges for the co.~. .e~Lion based on a series of call factors, including the time of day and the duration of the col~.~e-,Liu.-. Thus, like any other 20 business expense, it becomes highly desirable to minimize the ongoing cost of the L~ ul~e service required to support the Llal~alll;ssiul~ of these electronic documents.
One type of medium ~andwidth switched line is the IIlLts~laltd Services Digital Network ("ISDN") which has three Llall~",;:.Diu,l channels, two of which transfer data at a 64K band rate (the so called "B channels") and one of which transfers data at 1 6K band, for a total 144K baud bal~ v;dLll~ U.S. Patents 5 Nos. 4,930,123 of Shimzu and 5,200,993 of Wheeler et al. describe the communication of data to rernote ~vu~k~ldlions using ISDN lines.
Further problems are u,ase"l-dd to the employer of a team of remote employees. In order to manage, control, and co, Il~ al~d the activity of the remote employees, the employer must have the capability of efficiently making work 10 assiy"",e"L- of the digital documents, and ",o"iLu,i"g and managing the progress of the a:,~iy"",~"L~. This gives the employer the ability to make sure that the work is completed in a timely and cost effective manner and that an individual worker's activityisassessedandco"".e~:,aL~.iaccurately. Theacco""Jli;.~""a"Lofthiswork ll,a"agt:",~"L in a distributed remote env;.ol1",t:"L can be greatly enhânced by the 15 use of automated p,ucesses for work assiy"",~"L""o"iLu,i"g accounting and ~)Ill,u~:ll~aLi SUMMARY QF THE INVEr~lTION . ~
The present invention is directed to solving the foregoing and other 20 problems involved in remote v~lhsLaLiulls by improving the efficiency with which document data is assigned, Llall~llliLLt3d, and collected to and from these Vvulk:lLaLiol1s, as well as ensuring that optimal workstation pe,rur",a"ce is maintained while work is being p~uce:.sed.
-~ WO 95/17067 PCTIUS94/1478!i Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide high pt:l r~,, I "a"ce remote access to digital electronic documents on a network.
It is another object of the invention to reduce the overall cost of Lla, ,:.,,,;., -iun over a switched communications medium when accessing a series of 5 digital documents.
It is still a further object of the invention to minimize the amount of idle time for a worker at a remote vJJ~h~ldLio~1 such that worker productivity can be Ill~;.illli~d.
It is an object of the invention to simplify ",a~d~e",l:"L of remote 10 ~.Jrh:.LdLiol~sbyauLu",aLiL "yassigning,distributing,tracking,andcollectingdigital documents.
In an illustrative e",L- " ,,c,,~L of the invention, a method of and apparatus for, utilizing a remote high-p~rL~ a~ce vJ~lh:,LaLiLI~ system involves p,uct~ssi"g a series of digital documents that are accessed at a central location.
15 The method and apparatus also auLL,,,,a; - "y assign and manage such documents for Llall~ aiL~I- of the documents to the remote sites from the central office.
Digital documents are stored on a computer or network of computers as document files at the central location. The document files are crJ""ul~ d to save storage space and reduce Llallalll;~sio,~ time. The computer system examines 20 the digital documents available on the system and thenr based on a set of predetermined criteria, assigns some or all of the documents to a remote employee or a group of remote employees. In addition, the system identifies the particular digital pages of each document which are required by the employee or g-oup of 2 1 7 ~ 2 9 1 PCIIUS94/~4785 employees to accor"pl;..l, the assigned business processing. For digital scanned images the system can also identify particular areas of an image, called "clippings", which are required for p,oces .i,)g, and only transmit those instead of the entire digital page. Thcse methods help to minimize the Llc-l~s",i~l~d data, which in turn 5 increases perru""a"ce of, and minimizes llall~ costs for, the remote wùrh~la liul- .
Cc"l,u,~ d data files of the digital documents may be sent to the remote workstation auLun,a~ic~lly, where they are made into an inventory of work.
A central processor on the network keeps track of the documents sent to the 10 remote location. The remote user decc" "~."::.ses the files in inventory one at a time and p,oce:,aes them.
A remote employee's ~v(hbLdlion computer may be p,u~,d,,,,,,ed to maintain a certain level of work in inventory. As the remote employee p, ucesS~5 documents, the amount of work in inventory J~ s. When the amount of work 15 fallsbelowaparticularthresholdlevel,theremotecomputeraulu,,,alicallyrequests an additional volume of work by placing a call, i.e., e~LdiJI;;.II ,9 a l~:leco,,,,,,unications link, to the central office. By default, this call will be placed at a time scheduled to minimize the cost of the data transfer or to coordinate access to a limited amount of computing or L~lecoi"",unications facilities at the 20 central office. Only those pages of the digital documents which have been assigned to the remote employee or the group to which he or she belongs, and which are required for the business data processing, will be auLulllaLi~dlly Llall:,llliLL~:d to the remote ~vulh~LaLioll. Information is recorded in the central camputer to indicate the status of these documents for the purposes of ",a"a3~",e"L reporting. In addition, any data that had been modified in the course of p, uc~s ,i"~ the inventory at the wvrh~Ld liùl~, as well as the status for documents previously Llall .lllilLt:d to the ~o,k:.LdLion, will be sent back to the central office 5 during this data call.
Because the data call is deferred until a minimum volume of work is required, and because updates to the central office data base are deferred until the next data call is placed, the ~al)l~vilLll utilization of any given data call is nearly 100 percent, assuring minimal co,~,)e-.Liu,, time. Stated differently, there is never 10 any idle connect time during a call between the remote site and the central site when using this method, thus ", "i~ g the asso..idLt:d cost of the call.
To make more efficient use of the computing hardware at the remote site, the user may be prucesa;llg data documents from the inventory at the ~vo~k~LdLiùl~, while a data call is in progress. Also, as soon as the first page of the 15 first document is received by the workstation, it can be made available to the user for p,uc~s~i,,g, assuming there is no remaining inventory or this document is needed illl",ediaL~ly for some other reason, e.g., it is a priority matter. As the user works, the ..urh~LdLioll continues to receive new pages and documents from the central office. When the last document Llal) "";~siol1 is c~"l~ ,L~d and the status 20 and change data has been sent back to the central office, the data call is auLullldLi,,a:!y L~llll IaLt:d. Because the Lldll~ iù~- task is c~",uleLid in the background, the pe, rl,, Illdl1CC which the remote employee ~x,u~ ,-ces is identical WO 9~/17067 PCTIUS94114785 ~
to that of a ~J,k~ldlion co~ e-;l1d to a local area network ("LAN"~ at the central office.
In addition, further p~, ru""a,~ce ~ d~ ICelll111~:~ are obtained through the use of a,,~iu;~ ùry p,u~essi"~q when work flow is ,~asu"dLly u~1di~.lulJlt:. As 5 an example, while the remote employee views and ,~nucesses a given document, the software at the ~ h:.~d~iol~ au~u~,a~ "y selects the next document file available and d1culll,~l1sses it in the background. When the user has cv~ d work on the current document, the user can switch to the next document with minimal delay.
At the central office, the computer stores i~rulllla~iull regarding the state of every document in the system, i.e. at the central office LAN and at all of theremotewulk~d~iol~s. Italsostoresillr(Jlllla~iol~ontheplucea:~;llghistoryofthedocuments. As documents complete cach processiny step, the system can aulu,,,c,~ !y update a payroll system to indicate that a particular remote worker should receive co~ ell ~a~iol~ for the p~uce~ g work c~"l~ d. In addition, other statistics are automatically retained on worker productivity and can be transferred to a human resources system for use in evaluating local and remote worker output and quality.
BRII~F l~ESCRIPTION QF THE r~RAWlNGS
The foregoing and other features of the present invention will be more readily understood from the following detailed des~ iol~ taken together with the acco"".c",-/ing drawings, in which:
2l 79291 FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a hardware allallgt~ lL for practicing the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is â flow chârt illustrating a portion of a method according to the invention, for sending work to a remote wO(kaldliol1;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a portion of a method carried out at a remote site, according to the invention, for routing documents in the system;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating all~iu;~Jdlury p~uces~ g of data files;
and FlG~5isaflowchartthatillustratesinventory",alla~ "l,:"Lp,ucessi"9 10 at a remote site.
DET~Il Fn PE~ ON OF THE ~ r~,u E~IBODIMENT
The system of the present invention involves two major co" ~uonel ,L "
as shown in FIG. 1: a local area network, i.e. LAN, 10 located at a central office 12, and remote ~olh~ldliol)s 14 located at remote sites 16. At the central office 12adocumentserverl5andlocal~v~rk:~Ldliollsl8arecu~lle~ dontheLANlo.
Also present on the LAN 10 are a high-speed scanner 24 and an archive storage unit 26. The archive storage unit 26 can be a "jukebox" type optical storage unit, which can store millions of electronic documents on a series of optical disks that are selected using a jukebox type disk changer ",t:cha,~;~,-,.
On the network is a remote gateway server 20, which may be an ISDN
gateway servsr. Server 20 connects the LAN to the remote ~urk~Ldlio"s, e.g. overISDN lines 22.
W095/17067 2 1 7q29 1 PCT/US941~478~; ~
FIG. 2 illustrates the program .,u"l" "~ procedure for sending work to an employee at a workstation 14 at remote a site 16. This proeedure is under the eontrol of a program stored on the doeument server 15 at the eentral offiee.
Aeeording to this proeedure, the doeuments are digitally seanned (step 100) using 5 the high-speed seanner 24. The seanned images are eu~ -eaatsd and stored as image files (step 102), in order to drastieally reduee their size. The u- eu. . ,,u, t::,sed image file for a seanned image of a doeument that has col~side, ~ILl~ "white spaee", sueh as a form, can occupy more than 10 times the storage space of the image file when in co,,,,u,oa:,æd form.
The cc"".":ssed image files are loaded onto a network device, such as the document server 15. If a large number of images are scanned at once, or if they are to be stored for an extended period of time, they may be stored in another network device, sueh as the arehive storage unit 26.
As new doeuments are received by the document server 15, a 15 program executing on the document server, known as a document router, evaluates the cl~ uLt~iaLics of each document and compares them against a set of p,~dt:L~r",i"ed criteria called "routing rules", which have been eaLclulialled and I ~UI t~aC:I ILt:d in a database (step 104) . These rules could consist of any i"ru"".~LiO~
that would allow the selection Of certain documents which are su~table for a 20 particular remote user (employee) or group Of workers to process. For example, the files may be selected according to type, such as a Medicaid form, location of the eli~n ~, date of the form, or any other eriteria. Assoeiated with eaeh rule is a named WO 95117067 2 1 7 9 2 q 1 PCIIUS94/14785 'ldeaLilla~io~ which describes a user or group of users or a computer program assigned to perform business data p~u~es~ g for a given document.
FIG. 3 illustrates the document router program of step 104 in FIG. 2 in further detail. For the first document received by the document router IStep 5 200), a first rule and its ~Ccoc;~a~ d deaLillaliùl~ is obtained from the rules database (Step 202). The rule is compared with the data Lllalal;~liaLi~s of the document (Step 204). For instance, a sample rule might be: "DOCUMENT TYPE is a Medical Claims Form and the TOTAL CLAIM AMOUNT field is greater than $1,000" with an a ~socialtd dea~illalioll of SUPERVISOR. If the rule condition was evaluated to 10 be TRUE (Step 205) for a given document, then the document would be assigned a deali"a~iol1 of "SUPERVISOR" (Step 206) and the program would exit (Step 210) back to the routine of Fig. 2. If the rule condition is not true, the next rule in the rules database would be obtained (Step 208). It would thcn be compared to the document cl ,a, a~;lel i:.~i..5 (Step 204). This loop would continue until a deaLil ,aLiol-15 was dt:l~",l;.,ed, based on finding a match between the rule and the documental a~ l iali(;s~ If after the last rule in the rules database has been compared (Step 207), there is no rule in the database that is a match, a default d~aLillaLiul- is assigned (Step 209) and the program exits.
Returning to FIG. 2 A'.SO. ;~ cl with each possible deaLi"aLion are a 20 set of page selection and clipping extraction d~ri"iLiol~s for each possible type of document. The particular pages and clippings associated with the de:.li"alio,~ are extracted from the document (Step 105). The clipped document files are then held on the document server until remote users, who are AccO~ d with the various wo 95/17067 Pcrluss4/l4785 destinations, si~n on and request documents to work on (step 106). When the remote usor login is complete, the files assigned to a d~alillaliOI- aaaOuial~:d with a particular user are then lla" ,r~ l,ed from the document server to the remote v~(k~ldlioll for p,ucesai"g (Step 108). When this transfer is complete, the user 5 conne.,lioll to the document server is terminated (Step 110).
Another portion of the program that operates the system according to the invention is stored at the remote ~olk:,ldliol- 14. This program is illustrated by FIG. 4. According to the program, the image files are first reccived over an ISDN line (step 300). Since the image files received at the remote w~lk:.ldlioll 14 10 areincu,,,,u,t::,sedform,eachimagefileisdeco,,,~ s~ dauLu,,,dlic~llyinorderfor the remote user to view the image and perform work relevant to the image (Step 302). Once the first image file is decu"",,t:ssed, the remote user can begin work on that file.
While working on each image file (Step 304), the remote user occupies 15 verylittleofthe~vo,k~ldlionp,ucessortime. Forexample,whiletheuseristyping data that is relevant to the first image into the ~o~h~ldlion, the majority of the processor time is spent waiting for the next character to be typed. This time can be utilized, in part, for decc,,,,u,t:s:.i,,g the next image file (Step 306)so that the next image will be available for viewing when the remote user finishes working on 20 the first image.
When the user finishes work relevant to the first image, the user switches to the seconr~ image which has already been deco""~ sed and can thus appear on the screen almost i"sla"ldl)eously (Step 308). Since the second image WO 95/17067 2 1 7 ~ 2 9 1 PCI/US94114785 is stored in RAM after its dec~" "., t ~sion, the speed with which the user can switch to the second image is limited only by the monitor refresh time. By dl llil,;,~Jdlil~9 the need for the second image while the user is working on the first imagc, the user can continue work from the first image to the second without interruption. The idle 5 time of the user is thereby greatly reduced.
After the user switches to the second image, the user can being work related to the second image (Step 310). While the user performs work related to the second image, the third image file is decon",.~a~o~ ~Step 312) and the data created during the ,u,ucesai"g of the first image is stored (Step 214). Therefore, 10 the delay time is reduced when switching images by .-" Il;lldl;l~9 at least two . sources of delay: (1) delay in d~co",,u.essiol~ of the next image, and (2) delay in saving the data related to the previous image.
When the user finishes work on the second image, he switches to the third image (Step 316). This process continues while the worker goes through the 15 files in the inventory at his v,~JIh~ldlio~l. For a group of N images, as the user works on the next-to-the-last image (N-1) (Step 318), the last image (N) is deco""~":ssed (Step 320), and the data related to second to the last image (N-2) is stored (Step 322).
After work is p~, ru" "ed relating to all images, an ISDN connection can 20 be eaLabl;~lled between the remote ~,h:,ldlion and the ISDN gateway to communicate to the central office the data developed by the remote user related to the images using the automatic transfer program described previously. The images themselves will not need to be 1, al lal ,lilled back to the network unless they havu been changed in some way at the remote ~v.,lh~ldliull, because thu central ûffice netwûrk retains cûpies ûf the images.
It shûuld be nûted that the present inventiûn is effective in part because ûf the all~iu;~dlion of workflow. This is most possible, and the benefits 5 of the invention are greatest, where work may progress in a p,t:di~.LdL,le fashion.
As an example, a clerk who p,uce~ s credit card ap,.' Li~l~s fûr a particular region of the country by entering the dâta written on the .~ n into â
",~:.,r,a",e l,~r~ Liol- can be assigned a continuous stream of new , r' liu,~s by the document router. The system can ânticipâte that when one ~ ' is 10 processed, the operator will ask for the next one assigned. Because of this, the system can prepare the next document by ensuring that it has been Llallarwl~d from the server, decu,,,lu,uaa~d, and is ready for viewing by the time the remote wO, k~LaLioll operator actually needs it. It may also be a req~ l lL of the program to prioritize documents, e.g., to present first the most important or critical 15 documents or the oldest documents. Thus, the program allLiu;,uaLtls which document and which portion of the document will be needed next. The al ~liu;,udLtld document is ~ecu" "), ~sed in RAM at the ~ . o, k~ld Liun before it is needed and while the user is working on a previously requested or allliu;~JaLtld document.
Naturally there may still be OCCd~ S where the user wishes to view 20 a document out of the dllLiui~-dL~Id sequence. In such a case the document is available, but the user must wait for the imageâ of the documents in the file tû be Lldlla~lled and dec~",,u,tased, perhaps in the a"Lic;~.dlt,d order.
WO 95/17067 2 l ~ 2 9 I PCT/US9411478S
The process of ~lallarc~ y documents to a remote user wv(k:.ldliol-is largely hidden from the remote ~o~ k~ldlion operator by a program stored on the remote ~v,v, k~ldliol~ which executes in the background while the user is p, c,c~ . .;"9 documents in the foreground. The logic for this program is depicted in FIG 5. This program maintains a count of the current inventory of documents to process on the remote ~vlh~Ldlioll~ Associated with this inventory are three user-configurable threshold values used to d~ ";.,e if an automatic call to the central office is required. In asc~ ,' " ,g value, they arc termed the "emptyn, "low", and "high"
Illlt:,llulds. In addition, there is a user-configurable table called the "call schedule 10 tablc" which has thc following format, as an example:
Row No. Day Time State Cornment 2-6 9:00-18:00 Empty Peak rate only when empty 2 2-6 18:00-9:00 Low Off-peak if low 3 2-6 10:00-11:00 None Blockweekdaypeakevenhours 15 4 2-6 12:00-13:00 None Block weekday peak even hours 5 2-6 14:00-15:00 None Blockweekdaypeakevenhours 6 2-6 16:00-17:00 None Block weekday peak even hours 7 7-1 0:00-0:00 Low Anytime weekend if low The first column, called "Day", of this table is a numeric range code for the day of 20 the week with Sunday coded as day "1". For example, "2-6" in the table stands for Monday through Friday. The second column, called "Time", is a time of day range indicated with military time format. The third column, call "Staten, is one of the values None, Empty, or Low. The value "None" is used to indicatc that WO95117067 2 l 7 9 29 l 16 PCrlUss4ll478s automatic calling is not permitted for the given period. The value "Empty" is used to indicate that automatic calling is only permitted if the Current Inventory is below the Empty Threshold value. Finally, the value "Low" is used to indicate that automatic calling is permitted if the Current Inventory is below the Low Threshold 5 value. The comment field is used to describe the purpose of that row in the table.
The call Illallalel~l~llL program works by pe,ic.l;~ !y checking to see how many L"" ,ucGaaed documents are in its current inventory (Step 400). This period is user-configurable and would typically be set for 5 minute intervals. It then evaluates the state of the inventory by cul~Jalillg it against the empty threshold 10 ~Step 402). If the current inventory is below this threshold, then the state of the .inventory is set as Empty" (Step 404). If the inventory is not below this threshold, then it's level is compared against the low threshold (Step 406). If the current inventory is below this threshold, then the state of the inventory is cu,~si(le,~d "Low" (Step 408). If the inventory is not below this level, then the program exits 15 to wait until the next period begins. (Step 410).
If the inventory state is either Empty or Low, the program will proceed to scan each row of the call schedule table (Step 412). The plocesai~g for each row can be described as follows: if the current day is not within the day range of the row, proceed to the next row (Step 414). If the current time is not within the 20 time range of the row, proceed to the next row (Step 416). If the current day is within the day range (yes at Step 414) and the current time is within the time range for a row (yes at Step 416), then if the current inventory state is less than or equal to the state level of the row (Step 418), proceed to the next row. If the current WO 9S/17067 2 1 7 ~ 2 9 1 PCI/US9411478S
inventory state is greater than the state level of the row (Step 418), then the program will exit and wait (Step 410) until the next period to repeat this procedure.
If all the rows of the table have been p.ucessed successfully (Step 420), then proceed with automatic calling of the LAN gateway (Step 422).
In the example call schedule table, row nos. 1 through 6 are configured to control call scheduling from Monday through Friday as follows:
Calls may be placed from 9am- 1 Oam, 1 1 am- 1 2pm, 1 pm-2pm, 3pm-4pm, 5pm-6pm from Monday through Friday if the remote vvu~k:.ldLiull is Empty.
Calls may be placed 6pm-9am from Monday through Friday if the remote v:ùlk~LdLio,~ is Low on work. The effect of rows 1 and 2 is to defer calling during peak rate hours until it is absolutely required. For instance, if the remote .urk:.LdLio" becomes Low on work at 5:30pm, the call schedule table will defer calling until either the ~rk:>LaLiOI- is Empty or until 6:00pm. The effect of rows nos. 3 through 6 is to block calling during office hours which start with an even number. Presumably, other remote VJOlk:~ldLiolls are configurod for the conversesituation, i.e., to block calling during office hours which begin with an odd number.
The last row no. 7 indicates that calls may be placed anytime on Saturday or Sunday if the remote v~u,k:.LdLiull becomes Low on work. This kind of configuration permits scheduled, efficient sharing of a limited number of host phone lines.
The vJ~,rk~L~Lion will then aul~",c.t "y call the LAN gateway using a pre-stored phone number, user id, and security password to establish a data rù~l"e.iLion. It will then receive files which have been assigned to the remote WO95/17067 2 ~ 792q I PCT/13S94/14785 ~vurh:,LdLloll operator IStep 424) until the inventory level equals the "high threshold" (Step 426). It will also transmit any modified data from ,u,uce~ d documents back to the document server (Step 428) for access by other users and for re-assiu""":"L by the document routing program. When this data transfer has 5 been cor"~ ,t~d, the call is auLu",dlica::y ~ a~e:d (Step 430) and waits for the next inventory check (Step 432).
The procedures described above provide many advantages over a manual calling process. First, the call schedule table can be configured to a-,~u",a~ :'y call when the phone rates are lowest. This obviously reduces the 10 overall cost of operating a remote ~vulh~La~io,~. Second, utilization of the lines into â LAN gateway can be Illa~cillli~t:d by scheduling remote ~o(ks~d~iol~ access. For instance, given one (1) incoming line for the LAN gateway and four (4) remote v~u,~d~ions,itisbeneficialfortheremotev~u,k:.~d~io,~stocoor,ii,,a~theircalling to minimize retries and possible work starvation situations by configuring the call 15 schedule tâble such that each ~Vulh:,~d~iOI) is permitted to call the LAN gateway in a different 15 minute interval. This increased utilization of the LAN gateway permits fewer LAN gateway phone lines to be configured for a given number of remote ~UI h:,LdLiol~ users, âgain reducing the costs of operation. Third, the whole process of ~,on"e"Liol, to the central site is hidden from the remote workstation operator, 20 simplifying ~,JIh~LaLiol~ operation and i"~ a:,i"d productivity.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to preferred ~",I,oui",e"L~ thereof, it will be understood by those skilled 2l 79291 WO 95117~67 PCT/US94/1~785 in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
I~ACKGROUND OF THF INVFI\ITION
The invention relates to high p~, rc." "~"ce remote data processing and, more particularly, to a method of and apparatus for the effective remote assi~"",~"l, ~,d~,:,",;.,:.ion, p,uces~i,)g, collection, and ",a"ag~,n~"l of documents which can be l~pl~ d as digital data.
Many industries require the processing and ,,,c,,,au~,,,e,,l of a large number of documents. These documents are typically paper, but can also include other physicai media, such as pllolu~ldulls, audio or video It:Cu" ,y~ art worksphysical evidence, etc. Much of the illrulll'~'lio'~ in these documents may be converted into a digital format and stored into a computer system via a variety of techniques, such as digital scanning for paper and ~ol1u lu~, aphs and digital recording for audio and video. In addition, there are many source documents which are native to a computer env;.ulllllell~ such as word p~uces:,i"g and ~ ad~llee~ files or a record from a computer database. Documents which are cu" ",osed of one or more of these different data types can be referred to as electronic or digital documents.
While the concept of electronic or digital documents is not new the i"u, I:asi"g use of digital imaging techniques to acquire and store business records, - as well as the prevalence of personal computing data at the office, presents a Wo 951170C7 Pcr/uss4~l47~s ~
21 792~1 2 series of technical opportunities and .1, " ~ges for the efficient distribution and co""~ l,en~ive ~a"ag~"":"l of such documents.
For instance it is often desirable to grant remote access to electronic documents so that employees may work at home or some other remote location.
5 Having employees work at home is becoming i~ a~ ly popular because it provides benefits to both the employer and the stay-at-home employee. So called, "Lt~ co"",~uting" employees can save a firm a great deal of overhead expense in terms of office space. Telecommuting also allows a firm to hire talented workers who could not otherwise work in the office setting. For example employees with 10 a long-term illness or physical handicap or parents with small children may enthu ,ic,:,~i 'ly work at home because of the flexible work schedule, but could not conveniently work in an office.
Giving a remote employee access to the digital electronic documents upon which they must work presents several technical problems. These documents 15 can be very large in size in terms of the number of digital bits they represent. The size of a typical bi-level 8.5" x 11" page scanned at 200 dots per inch can range from5Kbytesto200Kbytesd~ut:" '' ,gupontheamountofi,,rc,,l,,clLiu~contained on the scanned page. An average colllul~:.a~d image size could be 50K bytes.
Color and gray scale images can be an order of magnitude larger and audiolvideo 20 recordings an order of magnitude larger again This contrasts sharply with typical ASCII data Llall~ ,iul~s which are less than 2K per terminal screen in size.
Secondly, in many occupations, a remote employee will be rated or co"".~"~lLt,d based on productivity, such as the number of forms processed per -WO 95/17067 PCT/US94/~4785 hour. Because the document is delivered to the remote employee via the L,dl,a,,,;~aiùllanddisplayofdigitaldata~thew~lhaLdliul~sthroughwhichtheremote employees work must be capable of a sufficiently high level of p~, ru""d,-ce that they do not impede the employee's productivity. Assuming that the p~rulllldllce 5 of a ~ulkaldlioll in the central office is adequate for the requisite productivity, the remote vJu,haldliul~s have the problem of ",~.:. ,9 perru""a"ce levels while coping with the additional task of receiving and lla~lalllilLillg the data over a COl~Si~ dble distance.
These issues of electronic document data size and high workstation 10 p~.ru"-,a,~ce are typically solved by the use of higher bandwidth lelecu,.,,,,unications facilities. While very high bal,d~J;III, facilities are available from a local phone company, they can also be prohibitively expensive. A practical economic alternative for a small remote site is a medium bandwidth "switched line"
digital service. The "switched line" offered by the telephone compsny has one 15 llàllalll;~.aiol~ wire installed between the remote site and the phone company and another wire installed between the phone company and the central office. As with typical voice l~lepl-ol~e service, the phone company connects the two sites on an "on-demand" basis and charges for the co.~. .e~Lion based on a series of call factors, including the time of day and the duration of the col~.~e-,Liu.-. Thus, like any other 20 business expense, it becomes highly desirable to minimize the ongoing cost of the L~ ul~e service required to support the Llal~alll;ssiul~ of these electronic documents.
One type of medium ~andwidth switched line is the IIlLts~laltd Services Digital Network ("ISDN") which has three Llall~",;:.Diu,l channels, two of which transfer data at a 64K band rate (the so called "B channels") and one of which transfers data at 1 6K band, for a total 144K baud bal~ v;dLll~ U.S. Patents 5 Nos. 4,930,123 of Shimzu and 5,200,993 of Wheeler et al. describe the communication of data to rernote ~vu~k~ldlions using ISDN lines.
Further problems are u,ase"l-dd to the employer of a team of remote employees. In order to manage, control, and co, Il~ al~d the activity of the remote employees, the employer must have the capability of efficiently making work 10 assiy"",e"L- of the digital documents, and ",o"iLu,i"g and managing the progress of the a:,~iy"",~"L~. This gives the employer the ability to make sure that the work is completed in a timely and cost effective manner and that an individual worker's activityisassessedandco"".e~:,aL~.iaccurately. Theacco""Jli;.~""a"Lofthiswork ll,a"agt:",~"L in a distributed remote env;.ol1",t:"L can be greatly enhânced by the 15 use of automated p,ucesses for work assiy"",~"L""o"iLu,i"g accounting and ~)Ill,u~:ll~aLi SUMMARY QF THE INVEr~lTION . ~
The present invention is directed to solving the foregoing and other 20 problems involved in remote v~lhsLaLiulls by improving the efficiency with which document data is assigned, Llall~llliLLt3d, and collected to and from these Vvulk:lLaLiol1s, as well as ensuring that optimal workstation pe,rur",a"ce is maintained while work is being p~uce:.sed.
-~ WO 95/17067 PCTIUS94/1478!i Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide high pt:l r~,, I "a"ce remote access to digital electronic documents on a network.
It is another object of the invention to reduce the overall cost of Lla, ,:.,,,;., -iun over a switched communications medium when accessing a series of 5 digital documents.
It is still a further object of the invention to minimize the amount of idle time for a worker at a remote vJJ~h~ldLio~1 such that worker productivity can be Ill~;.illli~d.
It is an object of the invention to simplify ",a~d~e",l:"L of remote 10 ~.Jrh:.LdLiol~sbyauLu",aLiL "yassigning,distributing,tracking,andcollectingdigital documents.
In an illustrative e",L- " ,,c,,~L of the invention, a method of and apparatus for, utilizing a remote high-p~rL~ a~ce vJ~lh:,LaLiLI~ system involves p,uct~ssi"g a series of digital documents that are accessed at a central location.
15 The method and apparatus also auLL,,,,a; - "y assign and manage such documents for Llall~ aiL~I- of the documents to the remote sites from the central office.
Digital documents are stored on a computer or network of computers as document files at the central location. The document files are crJ""ul~ d to save storage space and reduce Llallalll;~sio,~ time. The computer system examines 20 the digital documents available on the system and thenr based on a set of predetermined criteria, assigns some or all of the documents to a remote employee or a group of remote employees. In addition, the system identifies the particular digital pages of each document which are required by the employee or g-oup of 2 1 7 ~ 2 9 1 PCIIUS94/~4785 employees to accor"pl;..l, the assigned business processing. For digital scanned images the system can also identify particular areas of an image, called "clippings", which are required for p,oces .i,)g, and only transmit those instead of the entire digital page. Thcse methods help to minimize the Llc-l~s",i~l~d data, which in turn 5 increases perru""a"ce of, and minimizes llall~ costs for, the remote wùrh~la liul- .
Cc"l,u,~ d data files of the digital documents may be sent to the remote workstation auLun,a~ic~lly, where they are made into an inventory of work.
A central processor on the network keeps track of the documents sent to the 10 remote location. The remote user decc" "~."::.ses the files in inventory one at a time and p,oce:,aes them.
A remote employee's ~v(hbLdlion computer may be p,u~,d,,,,,,ed to maintain a certain level of work in inventory. As the remote employee p, ucesS~5 documents, the amount of work in inventory J~ s. When the amount of work 15 fallsbelowaparticularthresholdlevel,theremotecomputeraulu,,,alicallyrequests an additional volume of work by placing a call, i.e., e~LdiJI;;.II ,9 a l~:leco,,,,,,unications link, to the central office. By default, this call will be placed at a time scheduled to minimize the cost of the data transfer or to coordinate access to a limited amount of computing or L~lecoi"",unications facilities at the 20 central office. Only those pages of the digital documents which have been assigned to the remote employee or the group to which he or she belongs, and which are required for the business data processing, will be auLulllaLi~dlly Llall:,llliLL~:d to the remote ~vulh~LaLioll. Information is recorded in the central camputer to indicate the status of these documents for the purposes of ",a"a3~",e"L reporting. In addition, any data that had been modified in the course of p, uc~s ,i"~ the inventory at the wvrh~Ld liùl~, as well as the status for documents previously Llall .lllilLt:d to the ~o,k:.LdLion, will be sent back to the central office 5 during this data call.
Because the data call is deferred until a minimum volume of work is required, and because updates to the central office data base are deferred until the next data call is placed, the ~al)l~vilLll utilization of any given data call is nearly 100 percent, assuring minimal co,~,)e-.Liu,, time. Stated differently, there is never 10 any idle connect time during a call between the remote site and the central site when using this method, thus ", "i~ g the asso..idLt:d cost of the call.
To make more efficient use of the computing hardware at the remote site, the user may be prucesa;llg data documents from the inventory at the ~vo~k~LdLiùl~, while a data call is in progress. Also, as soon as the first page of the 15 first document is received by the workstation, it can be made available to the user for p,uc~s~i,,g, assuming there is no remaining inventory or this document is needed illl",ediaL~ly for some other reason, e.g., it is a priority matter. As the user works, the ..urh~LdLioll continues to receive new pages and documents from the central office. When the last document Llal) "";~siol1 is c~"l~ ,L~d and the status 20 and change data has been sent back to the central office, the data call is auLullldLi,,a:!y L~llll IaLt:d. Because the Lldll~ iù~- task is c~",uleLid in the background, the pe, rl,, Illdl1CC which the remote employee ~x,u~ ,-ces is identical WO 9~/17067 PCTIUS94114785 ~
to that of a ~J,k~ldlion co~ e-;l1d to a local area network ("LAN"~ at the central office.
In addition, further p~, ru""a,~ce ~ d~ ICelll111~:~ are obtained through the use of a,,~iu;~ ùry p,u~essi"~q when work flow is ,~asu"dLly u~1di~.lulJlt:. As 5 an example, while the remote employee views and ,~nucesses a given document, the software at the ~ h:.~d~iol~ au~u~,a~ "y selects the next document file available and d1culll,~l1sses it in the background. When the user has cv~ d work on the current document, the user can switch to the next document with minimal delay.
At the central office, the computer stores i~rulllla~iull regarding the state of every document in the system, i.e. at the central office LAN and at all of theremotewulk~d~iol~s. Italsostoresillr(Jlllla~iol~ontheplucea:~;llghistoryofthedocuments. As documents complete cach processiny step, the system can aulu,,,c,~ !y update a payroll system to indicate that a particular remote worker should receive co~ ell ~a~iol~ for the p~uce~ g work c~"l~ d. In addition, other statistics are automatically retained on worker productivity and can be transferred to a human resources system for use in evaluating local and remote worker output and quality.
BRII~F l~ESCRIPTION QF THE r~RAWlNGS
The foregoing and other features of the present invention will be more readily understood from the following detailed des~ iol~ taken together with the acco"".c",-/ing drawings, in which:
2l 79291 FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a hardware allallgt~ lL for practicing the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is â flow chârt illustrating a portion of a method according to the invention, for sending work to a remote wO(kaldliol1;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a portion of a method carried out at a remote site, according to the invention, for routing documents in the system;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating all~iu;~Jdlury p~uces~ g of data files;
and FlG~5isaflowchartthatillustratesinventory",alla~ "l,:"Lp,ucessi"9 10 at a remote site.
DET~Il Fn PE~ ON OF THE ~ r~,u E~IBODIMENT
The system of the present invention involves two major co" ~uonel ,L "
as shown in FIG. 1: a local area network, i.e. LAN, 10 located at a central office 12, and remote ~olh~ldliol)s 14 located at remote sites 16. At the central office 12adocumentserverl5andlocal~v~rk:~Ldliollsl8arecu~lle~ dontheLANlo.
Also present on the LAN 10 are a high-speed scanner 24 and an archive storage unit 26. The archive storage unit 26 can be a "jukebox" type optical storage unit, which can store millions of electronic documents on a series of optical disks that are selected using a jukebox type disk changer ",t:cha,~;~,-,.
On the network is a remote gateway server 20, which may be an ISDN
gateway servsr. Server 20 connects the LAN to the remote ~urk~Ldlio"s, e.g. overISDN lines 22.
W095/17067 2 1 7q29 1 PCT/US941~478~; ~
FIG. 2 illustrates the program .,u"l" "~ procedure for sending work to an employee at a workstation 14 at remote a site 16. This proeedure is under the eontrol of a program stored on the doeument server 15 at the eentral offiee.
Aeeording to this proeedure, the doeuments are digitally seanned (step 100) using 5 the high-speed seanner 24. The seanned images are eu~ -eaatsd and stored as image files (step 102), in order to drastieally reduee their size. The u- eu. . ,,u, t::,sed image file for a seanned image of a doeument that has col~side, ~ILl~ "white spaee", sueh as a form, can occupy more than 10 times the storage space of the image file when in co,,,,u,oa:,æd form.
The cc"".":ssed image files are loaded onto a network device, such as the document server 15. If a large number of images are scanned at once, or if they are to be stored for an extended period of time, they may be stored in another network device, sueh as the arehive storage unit 26.
As new doeuments are received by the document server 15, a 15 program executing on the document server, known as a document router, evaluates the cl~ uLt~iaLics of each document and compares them against a set of p,~dt:L~r",i"ed criteria called "routing rules", which have been eaLclulialled and I ~UI t~aC:I ILt:d in a database (step 104) . These rules could consist of any i"ru"".~LiO~
that would allow the selection Of certain documents which are su~table for a 20 particular remote user (employee) or group Of workers to process. For example, the files may be selected according to type, such as a Medicaid form, location of the eli~n ~, date of the form, or any other eriteria. Assoeiated with eaeh rule is a named WO 95117067 2 1 7 9 2 q 1 PCIIUS94/14785 'ldeaLilla~io~ which describes a user or group of users or a computer program assigned to perform business data p~u~es~ g for a given document.
FIG. 3 illustrates the document router program of step 104 in FIG. 2 in further detail. For the first document received by the document router IStep 5 200), a first rule and its ~Ccoc;~a~ d deaLillaliùl~ is obtained from the rules database (Step 202). The rule is compared with the data Lllalal;~liaLi~s of the document (Step 204). For instance, a sample rule might be: "DOCUMENT TYPE is a Medical Claims Form and the TOTAL CLAIM AMOUNT field is greater than $1,000" with an a ~socialtd dea~illalioll of SUPERVISOR. If the rule condition was evaluated to 10 be TRUE (Step 205) for a given document, then the document would be assigned a deali"a~iol1 of "SUPERVISOR" (Step 206) and the program would exit (Step 210) back to the routine of Fig. 2. If the rule condition is not true, the next rule in the rules database would be obtained (Step 208). It would thcn be compared to the document cl ,a, a~;lel i:.~i..5 (Step 204). This loop would continue until a deaLil ,aLiol-15 was dt:l~",l;.,ed, based on finding a match between the rule and the documental a~ l iali(;s~ If after the last rule in the rules database has been compared (Step 207), there is no rule in the database that is a match, a default d~aLillaLiul- is assigned (Step 209) and the program exits.
Returning to FIG. 2 A'.SO. ;~ cl with each possible deaLi"aLion are a 20 set of page selection and clipping extraction d~ri"iLiol~s for each possible type of document. The particular pages and clippings associated with the de:.li"alio,~ are extracted from the document (Step 105). The clipped document files are then held on the document server until remote users, who are AccO~ d with the various wo 95/17067 Pcrluss4/l4785 destinations, si~n on and request documents to work on (step 106). When the remote usor login is complete, the files assigned to a d~alillaliOI- aaaOuial~:d with a particular user are then lla" ,r~ l,ed from the document server to the remote v~(k~ldlioll for p,ucesai"g (Step 108). When this transfer is complete, the user 5 conne.,lioll to the document server is terminated (Step 110).
Another portion of the program that operates the system according to the invention is stored at the remote ~olk:,ldliol- 14. This program is illustrated by FIG. 4. According to the program, the image files are first reccived over an ISDN line (step 300). Since the image files received at the remote w~lk:.ldlioll 14 10 areincu,,,,u,t::,sedform,eachimagefileisdeco,,,~ s~ dauLu,,,dlic~llyinorderfor the remote user to view the image and perform work relevant to the image (Step 302). Once the first image file is decu"",,t:ssed, the remote user can begin work on that file.
While working on each image file (Step 304), the remote user occupies 15 verylittleofthe~vo,k~ldlionp,ucessortime. Forexample,whiletheuseristyping data that is relevant to the first image into the ~o~h~ldlion, the majority of the processor time is spent waiting for the next character to be typed. This time can be utilized, in part, for decc,,,,u,t:s:.i,,g the next image file (Step 306)so that the next image will be available for viewing when the remote user finishes working on 20 the first image.
When the user finishes work relevant to the first image, the user switches to the seconr~ image which has already been deco""~ sed and can thus appear on the screen almost i"sla"ldl)eously (Step 308). Since the second image WO 95/17067 2 1 7 ~ 2 9 1 PCI/US94114785 is stored in RAM after its dec~" "., t ~sion, the speed with which the user can switch to the second image is limited only by the monitor refresh time. By dl llil,;,~Jdlil~9 the need for the second image while the user is working on the first imagc, the user can continue work from the first image to the second without interruption. The idle 5 time of the user is thereby greatly reduced.
After the user switches to the second image, the user can being work related to the second image (Step 310). While the user performs work related to the second image, the third image file is decon",.~a~o~ ~Step 312) and the data created during the ,u,ucesai"g of the first image is stored (Step 214). Therefore, 10 the delay time is reduced when switching images by .-" Il;lldl;l~9 at least two . sources of delay: (1) delay in d~co",,u.essiol~ of the next image, and (2) delay in saving the data related to the previous image.
When the user finishes work on the second image, he switches to the third image (Step 316). This process continues while the worker goes through the 15 files in the inventory at his v,~JIh~ldlio~l. For a group of N images, as the user works on the next-to-the-last image (N-1) (Step 318), the last image (N) is deco""~":ssed (Step 320), and the data related to second to the last image (N-2) is stored (Step 322).
After work is p~, ru" "ed relating to all images, an ISDN connection can 20 be eaLabl;~lled between the remote ~,h:,ldlion and the ISDN gateway to communicate to the central office the data developed by the remote user related to the images using the automatic transfer program described previously. The images themselves will not need to be 1, al lal ,lilled back to the network unless they havu been changed in some way at the remote ~v.,lh~ldliull, because thu central ûffice netwûrk retains cûpies ûf the images.
It shûuld be nûted that the present inventiûn is effective in part because ûf the all~iu;~dlion of workflow. This is most possible, and the benefits 5 of the invention are greatest, where work may progress in a p,t:di~.LdL,le fashion.
As an example, a clerk who p,uce~ s credit card ap,.' Li~l~s fûr a particular region of the country by entering the dâta written on the .~ n into â
",~:.,r,a",e l,~r~ Liol- can be assigned a continuous stream of new , r' liu,~s by the document router. The system can ânticipâte that when one ~ ' is 10 processed, the operator will ask for the next one assigned. Because of this, the system can prepare the next document by ensuring that it has been Llallarwl~d from the server, decu,,,lu,uaa~d, and is ready for viewing by the time the remote wO, k~LaLioll operator actually needs it. It may also be a req~ l lL of the program to prioritize documents, e.g., to present first the most important or critical 15 documents or the oldest documents. Thus, the program allLiu;,uaLtls which document and which portion of the document will be needed next. The al ~liu;,udLtld document is ~ecu" "), ~sed in RAM at the ~ . o, k~ld Liun before it is needed and while the user is working on a previously requested or allliu;~JaLtld document.
Naturally there may still be OCCd~ S where the user wishes to view 20 a document out of the dllLiui~-dL~Id sequence. In such a case the document is available, but the user must wait for the imageâ of the documents in the file tû be Lldlla~lled and dec~",,u,tased, perhaps in the a"Lic;~.dlt,d order.
WO 95/17067 2 l ~ 2 9 I PCT/US9411478S
The process of ~lallarc~ y documents to a remote user wv(k:.ldliol-is largely hidden from the remote ~o~ k~ldlion operator by a program stored on the remote ~v,v, k~ldliol~ which executes in the background while the user is p, c,c~ . .;"9 documents in the foreground. The logic for this program is depicted in FIG 5. This program maintains a count of the current inventory of documents to process on the remote ~vlh~Ldlioll~ Associated with this inventory are three user-configurable threshold values used to d~ ";.,e if an automatic call to the central office is required. In asc~ ,' " ,g value, they arc termed the "emptyn, "low", and "high"
Illlt:,llulds. In addition, there is a user-configurable table called the "call schedule 10 tablc" which has thc following format, as an example:
Row No. Day Time State Cornment 2-6 9:00-18:00 Empty Peak rate only when empty 2 2-6 18:00-9:00 Low Off-peak if low 3 2-6 10:00-11:00 None Blockweekdaypeakevenhours 15 4 2-6 12:00-13:00 None Block weekday peak even hours 5 2-6 14:00-15:00 None Blockweekdaypeakevenhours 6 2-6 16:00-17:00 None Block weekday peak even hours 7 7-1 0:00-0:00 Low Anytime weekend if low The first column, called "Day", of this table is a numeric range code for the day of 20 the week with Sunday coded as day "1". For example, "2-6" in the table stands for Monday through Friday. The second column, called "Time", is a time of day range indicated with military time format. The third column, call "Staten, is one of the values None, Empty, or Low. The value "None" is used to indicatc that WO95117067 2 l 7 9 29 l 16 PCrlUss4ll478s automatic calling is not permitted for the given period. The value "Empty" is used to indicate that automatic calling is only permitted if the Current Inventory is below the Empty Threshold value. Finally, the value "Low" is used to indicate that automatic calling is permitted if the Current Inventory is below the Low Threshold 5 value. The comment field is used to describe the purpose of that row in the table.
The call Illallalel~l~llL program works by pe,ic.l;~ !y checking to see how many L"" ,ucGaaed documents are in its current inventory (Step 400). This period is user-configurable and would typically be set for 5 minute intervals. It then evaluates the state of the inventory by cul~Jalillg it against the empty threshold 10 ~Step 402). If the current inventory is below this threshold, then the state of the .inventory is set as Empty" (Step 404). If the inventory is not below this threshold, then it's level is compared against the low threshold (Step 406). If the current inventory is below this threshold, then the state of the inventory is cu,~si(le,~d "Low" (Step 408). If the inventory is not below this level, then the program exits 15 to wait until the next period begins. (Step 410).
If the inventory state is either Empty or Low, the program will proceed to scan each row of the call schedule table (Step 412). The plocesai~g for each row can be described as follows: if the current day is not within the day range of the row, proceed to the next row (Step 414). If the current time is not within the 20 time range of the row, proceed to the next row (Step 416). If the current day is within the day range (yes at Step 414) and the current time is within the time range for a row (yes at Step 416), then if the current inventory state is less than or equal to the state level of the row (Step 418), proceed to the next row. If the current WO 9S/17067 2 1 7 ~ 2 9 1 PCI/US9411478S
inventory state is greater than the state level of the row (Step 418), then the program will exit and wait (Step 410) until the next period to repeat this procedure.
If all the rows of the table have been p.ucessed successfully (Step 420), then proceed with automatic calling of the LAN gateway (Step 422).
In the example call schedule table, row nos. 1 through 6 are configured to control call scheduling from Monday through Friday as follows:
Calls may be placed from 9am- 1 Oam, 1 1 am- 1 2pm, 1 pm-2pm, 3pm-4pm, 5pm-6pm from Monday through Friday if the remote vvu~k:.ldLiull is Empty.
Calls may be placed 6pm-9am from Monday through Friday if the remote v:ùlk~LdLio,~ is Low on work. The effect of rows 1 and 2 is to defer calling during peak rate hours until it is absolutely required. For instance, if the remote .urk:.LdLio" becomes Low on work at 5:30pm, the call schedule table will defer calling until either the ~rk:>LaLiOI- is Empty or until 6:00pm. The effect of rows nos. 3 through 6 is to block calling during office hours which start with an even number. Presumably, other remote VJOlk:~ldLiolls are configurod for the conversesituation, i.e., to block calling during office hours which begin with an odd number.
The last row no. 7 indicates that calls may be placed anytime on Saturday or Sunday if the remote v~u,k:.LdLiull becomes Low on work. This kind of configuration permits scheduled, efficient sharing of a limited number of host phone lines.
The vJ~,rk~L~Lion will then aul~",c.t "y call the LAN gateway using a pre-stored phone number, user id, and security password to establish a data rù~l"e.iLion. It will then receive files which have been assigned to the remote WO95/17067 2 ~ 792q I PCT/13S94/14785 ~vurh:,LdLloll operator IStep 424) until the inventory level equals the "high threshold" (Step 426). It will also transmit any modified data from ,u,uce~ d documents back to the document server (Step 428) for access by other users and for re-assiu""":"L by the document routing program. When this data transfer has 5 been cor"~ ,t~d, the call is auLu",dlica::y ~ a~e:d (Step 430) and waits for the next inventory check (Step 432).
The procedures described above provide many advantages over a manual calling process. First, the call schedule table can be configured to a-,~u",a~ :'y call when the phone rates are lowest. This obviously reduces the 10 overall cost of operating a remote ~vulh~La~io,~. Second, utilization of the lines into â LAN gateway can be Illa~cillli~t:d by scheduling remote ~o(ks~d~iol~ access. For instance, given one (1) incoming line for the LAN gateway and four (4) remote v~u,~d~ions,itisbeneficialfortheremotev~u,k:.~d~io,~stocoor,ii,,a~theircalling to minimize retries and possible work starvation situations by configuring the call 15 schedule tâble such that each ~Vulh:,~d~iOI) is permitted to call the LAN gateway in a different 15 minute interval. This increased utilization of the LAN gateway permits fewer LAN gateway phone lines to be configured for a given number of remote ~UI h:,LdLiol~ users, âgain reducing the costs of operation. Third, the whole process of ~,on"e"Liol, to the central site is hidden from the remote workstation operator, 20 simplifying ~,JIh~LaLiol~ operation and i"~ a:,i"d productivity.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to preferred ~",I,oui",e"L~ thereof, it will be understood by those skilled 2l 79291 WO 95117~67 PCT/US94/1~785 in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (36)
1. A method of remotely processing data arranged into digital data files at a remote workstation over telephone lines, comprising the steps of:
digitally compressing the data into compressed data files at a central location;
selecting, according to first predetermined criteria, a group of said compressed data files;
transferring said group of compressed data files from said central location to the remote workstation;
receiving the group of compressed data files in digital form at the remote workstation and storing at least some of said compressed data files at the remote workstation;
decompressing a first of said compressed data files in the group at the remote workstation, based on second predetermined criteria, while receiving and storing other compressed data files; and decompressing a second of said compressed data files in the group at the remote workstation based on the second predetermined criteria, while the first uncompressed file is available for a user at the remote workstation to perform work related to it.
digitally compressing the data into compressed data files at a central location;
selecting, according to first predetermined criteria, a group of said compressed data files;
transferring said group of compressed data files from said central location to the remote workstation;
receiving the group of compressed data files in digital form at the remote workstation and storing at least some of said compressed data files at the remote workstation;
decompressing a first of said compressed data files in the group at the remote workstation, based on second predetermined criteria, while receiving and storing other compressed data files; and decompressing a second of said compressed data files in the group at the remote workstation based on the second predetermined criteria, while the first uncompressed file is available for a user at the remote workstation to perform work related to it.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the Steps of:
decompressing a third data file at the remote workstation, and storing data created from work related to the first data file, both while the second data file is available to the user at the remote workstation to perform work related thereto.
decompressing a third data file at the remote workstation, and storing data created from work related to the first data file, both while the second data file is available to the user at the remote workstation to perform work related thereto.
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of decompressing additional data files as data from previously processed files is received and stored.
4. The method of claims 1 or 2 wherein the data files are digital image files.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of transferring is by means of ISDN telephone lines.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the first predetermined criteria includes the type of data file which a user at the remote workstation is expected to process.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the steps of selecting and transferring include:
receiving compressed data files;
forming compressed data file characteristics for each file based on the type of file;
comparing the characteristics of a data file to stored routing rules;
assigning the files to various groups based on the comparison; and transferring a group of files to the remote workstation when a request is received from the workstation for files of that group.
receiving compressed data files;
forming compressed data file characteristics for each file based on the type of file;
comparing the characteristics of a data file to stored routing rules;
assigning the files to various groups based on the comparison; and transferring a group of files to the remote workstation when a request is received from the workstation for files of that group.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the second predetermined criteria includes the order in which the data file is received.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the second predetermined criteria includes a priority assigned to the data file.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of decompressing takes place during the step of transferring.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the work to be performed by the user related to the data files includes entering data into the workstation.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the data files at the central location are on a network with a document server, and the step of transferring the group of data files to the remote workstation further comprises the steps of:
initiating a connection over ISDN telephone lines from the remote workstation to an ISDN gateway server on the network depending on an inventory of files at the remote workstation and without user intervention;
transmitting the group of compressed data files from the document server through the ISDN gateway over the ISDN lines to the remote workstation; and terminating the ISDN connection from the ISDN gateway server to the remote workstation after the transfer is complete and without user intervention.
initiating a connection over ISDN telephone lines from the remote workstation to an ISDN gateway server on the network depending on an inventory of files at the remote workstation and without user intervention;
transmitting the group of compressed data files from the document server through the ISDN gateway over the ISDN lines to the remote workstation; and terminating the ISDN connection from the ISDN gateway server to the remote workstation after the transfer is complete and without user intervention.
13. The method of claim 1, further including the step of storing the compressed data files on the network in a network device selected from the group consisting of an image server and a jukebox archive storage unit.
14. A method of business data processing at a remote workstation, a group of compressed image files located on a computer network at a central location, comprising the steps of:
establishing an ISDN telephone connection between the network and the remote workstation;
transferring at least a portion of the group of image files to the remote workstation over the ISDN lines;
storing at least part of the portion of compressed image files at the remote workstation as compressed files;
terminating the ISDN telephone connection when the transfer has been completed;
decompressing at the remote workstation, a first image in the portion of image files based on predetermined criteria without user intervention;
decompressing at the remote workstation without user intervention, a second image file in the group based on the predetermined criteria, while the uncompressed first image file is available for the user at the workstation to perform work related thereto;
decompressing, at the remote workstation, a third image file;
automatically storing data without user intervention created from the work related to the first image file when the user has stopped working on it and while the second image file is available for the user to perform work related thereto; and storing at least part of the compressed data files at the remote workstation.
establishing an ISDN telephone connection between the network and the remote workstation;
transferring at least a portion of the group of image files to the remote workstation over the ISDN lines;
storing at least part of the portion of compressed image files at the remote workstation as compressed files;
terminating the ISDN telephone connection when the transfer has been completed;
decompressing at the remote workstation, a first image in the portion of image files based on predetermined criteria without user intervention;
decompressing at the remote workstation without user intervention, a second image file in the group based on the predetermined criteria, while the uncompressed first image file is available for the user at the workstation to perform work related thereto;
decompressing, at the remote workstation, a third image file;
automatically storing data without user intervention created from the work related to the first image file when the user has stopped working on it and while the second image file is available for the user to perform work related thereto; and storing at least part of the compressed data files at the remote workstation.
15. The method of claim 14, further comprising the steps of:
creating image files from paper documents;
compressing the image files to form compressed images files;
storing the compressed image files at one of a network of servers or network archives; and moving the group of image files through an ISDN gateway server on the network to the remote workstation over ISDN lines.
creating image files from paper documents;
compressing the image files to form compressed images files;
storing the compressed image files at one of a network of servers or network archives; and moving the group of image files through an ISDN gateway server on the network to the remote workstation over ISDN lines.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the step of establishing an ISDN connection involves automatically initiating a connection from the remote workstation to an ISDN
gateway server on the network over ISDN lines depending on an inventory of files at the remote workstation;
the step of transferring involves sending the group of image files from an ISDN gateway server on the network to the remote workstation over the ISDN lines; and the step of automatically terminating the ISDN telephone connection involves ending the ISDN gateway server connection to the remote workstation when the files have been transferred.
the step of establishing an ISDN connection involves automatically initiating a connection from the remote workstation to an ISDN
gateway server on the network over ISDN lines depending on an inventory of files at the remote workstation;
the step of transferring involves sending the group of image files from an ISDN gateway server on the network to the remote workstation over the ISDN lines; and the step of automatically terminating the ISDN telephone connection involves ending the ISDN gateway server connection to the remote workstation when the files have been transferred.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein the steps of automatically decompressing occur during the step of transferring.
18. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of transferring involves transferring only the minimum number of pages which are required for the business data processing.
19. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of transferring involves transferring only clipped image pages that are required for the business data processing in lieu of the entire image page.
20. A method of processing compressed data files at a remote workstation, comprising the steps of:
receiving the compressed data files at the remote workstation;
automatically decompressing the first and second compressed data files in order as received;
presenting the first decompressed file in a format to be processed while second files are being decompressed;
subsequently decompressing and processing files according to a predefined criteria.
receiving the compressed data files at the remote workstation;
automatically decompressing the first and second compressed data files in order as received;
presenting the first decompressed file in a format to be processed while second files are being decompressed;
subsequently decompressing and processing files according to a predefined criteria.
21. A method of processing at a remote workstation, data at a central location arranged into digital data files, comprising the steps of:
initiating, according to predetermined criteria, a connection over the telephone lines from the remote workstation to the central location without user intervention;
indicating to the central location a group of data files needed;
transmitting the group of data files to the remote workstation; and terminating the telephone connection after the transfer is complete.
initiating, according to predetermined criteria, a connection over the telephone lines from the remote workstation to the central location without user intervention;
indicating to the central location a group of data files needed;
transmitting the group of data files to the remote workstation; and terminating the telephone connection after the transfer is complete.
22. The method of claim 21 wherein the criteria involves the size of an inventory of unprocessed data files at the remote workstation.
23. The method of claims 21 or 22 wherein the criteria involves the time of day.
24. The method of claim 23 wherein the criteria involves the day of the week.
25. A system for processing at a remote workstation, data arranged into digital files at a central location, comprising:
means at the central location for digitally compressing the data into compressed data files;
selecting means at the central location for grouping the data files according to first predetermined criteria into a plurality of groups;
transfer means for transferring at least one of said groups of data files to the remote workstation in response to a request from the remote workstation;
first storing means for storing the compressed data files at the remote workstation; and decompression means at the remote workstation for decompressing the compressed data files in the group transferred to the remote workstation in a sequence based on a second predetermined criteria, said decompression means causing a first decompressed file to be available for processing at the remote workstation while at least one other data file is being decompressing and data files are being transferred.
means at the central location for digitally compressing the data into compressed data files;
selecting means at the central location for grouping the data files according to first predetermined criteria into a plurality of groups;
transfer means for transferring at least one of said groups of data files to the remote workstation in response to a request from the remote workstation;
first storing means for storing the compressed data files at the remote workstation; and decompression means at the remote workstation for decompressing the compressed data files in the group transferred to the remote workstation in a sequence based on a second predetermined criteria, said decompression means causing a first decompressed file to be available for processing at the remote workstation while at least one other data file is being decompressing and data files are being transferred.
26. The system of claim 25 further including second storing means for storing data created by processing a file while another file is decompressed and available for processing, and still another file is being decompressed.
27. The system of claim 25 wherein said transferring means includes an ISDN telephone system.
28. The system of claim 27 further including a local area network at the central location and a storage means on the local area network for storing the groups of compressed data files; and wherein said transferring means includes an ISDN gateway on the local area network.
29. A workstation remote from a central location at which compressed data files are located, comprising:
means for requesting at least one group of compressed data files from the central location;
means for receiving a group of data files transferred in response to the request;
means for storing the compressed data files at the remote workstation; and means for automatically decompressing data files without user intervention in the group of transferred files in a sequence based on predetermined criteria, said decompressing means causing a first decompressed file to be available for processing while at least one other data file is being decompressed and other files are being transferred.
means for requesting at least one group of compressed data files from the central location;
means for receiving a group of data files transferred in response to the request;
means for storing the compressed data files at the remote workstation; and means for automatically decompressing data files without user intervention in the group of transferred files in a sequence based on predetermined criteria, said decompressing means causing a first decompressed file to be available for processing while at least one other data file is being decompressed and other files are being transferred.
30. The workstation of claim 29 wherein the predetermined criteria is the order in which files in the group are received.
31. The workstation of claim 29 further comprising:
means for monitoring a volume of unprocessed data files at the workstation; and wherein said means for requesting files from the central location operates in response to an indication from said monitoring means that the volume is below a particular level.
means for monitoring a volume of unprocessed data files at the workstation; and wherein said means for requesting files from the central location operates in response to an indication from said monitoring means that the volume is below a particular level.
32. The workstation of claim 31 further comprising means for monitoring time and date; and wherein said means for requesting also operates in response to an indication of the time and date.
33. The workstation of claim 31 further comprising means for requesting that the transfer of files cease when the volume is above a certain level.
34. A workstation remote from a central location at which data files are located, comprising:
means for requesting at least one group of data files from the central location;
means for receiving a group of data files transferred in response to the request;
means for causing a received file to be available for processing;
means for monitoring a volume of unprocessed data files at the workstation; and means for controlling said means for requesting files so that a request is made in response to an indication from said monitoring means that the volume is below a particular level.
means for requesting at least one group of data files from the central location;
means for receiving a group of data files transferred in response to the request;
means for causing a received file to be available for processing;
means for monitoring a volume of unprocessed data files at the workstation; and means for controlling said means for requesting files so that a request is made in response to an indication from said monitoring means that the volume is below a particular level.
35. The workstation of claim 34 further comprising means for monitoring time and date; and wherein said means for controlling also operates in response to an indication of the time and date.
36. The system of claim 26 wherein the first and second storing means are a single memory.
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| US08/169,327 US5446740A (en) | 1993-12-17 | 1993-12-17 | Method of and apparatus for processing data at a remote workstation |
| US169,327 | 1993-12-17 |
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| CA2179291A1 true CA2179291A1 (en) | 1995-06-22 |
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| CA002179291A Abandoned CA2179291A1 (en) | 1993-12-17 | 1994-12-19 | Method of and apparatus for processing data at a remote workstation |
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| US5200993A (en) * | 1991-05-10 | 1993-04-06 | Bell Atlantic Network Services, Inc. | Public telephone network including a distributed imaging system |
| US5325297A (en) * | 1992-06-25 | 1994-06-28 | System Of Multiple-Colored Images For Internationally Listed Estates, Inc. | Computer implemented method and system for storing and retrieving textual data and compressed image data |
| US5325310A (en) * | 1992-06-26 | 1994-06-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for persistant electronic mail reply processing |
| US5321520A (en) * | 1992-07-20 | 1994-06-14 | Automated Medical Access Corporation | Automated high definition/resolution image storage, retrieval and transmission system |
| GB2271252A (en) * | 1992-10-03 | 1994-04-06 | Ibm | Data compression in a computer workstation |
| US5442457A (en) * | 1993-01-11 | 1995-08-15 | Najafi; Hamid | Multi-line pooling facsimile apparatus |
| US5446740A (en) * | 1993-12-17 | 1995-08-29 | Empire Blue Cross/Blue Shield | Method of and apparatus for processing data at a remote workstation |
| US5450130A (en) * | 1994-03-30 | 1995-09-12 | Radius Inc. | Method and system for cell based image data compression |
-
1993
- 1993-12-17 US US08/169,327 patent/US5446740A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-12-19 CA CA002179291A patent/CA2179291A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-12-19 AU AU14063/95A patent/AU689839B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-12-19 WO PCT/US1994/014785 patent/WO1995017067A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-12-19 JP JP51702595A patent/JP2002515143A/en active Pending
- 1994-12-19 EP EP95905454A patent/EP0734626A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-04-17 US US08/424,152 patent/US5568489A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-04-02 US US08/630,042 patent/US5724574A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5568489A (en) | 1996-10-22 |
| JP2002515143A (en) | 2002-05-21 |
| EP0734626A1 (en) | 1996-10-02 |
| AU1406395A (en) | 1995-07-03 |
| WO1995017067A1 (en) | 1995-06-22 |
| AU689839B2 (en) | 1998-04-09 |
| US5724574A (en) | 1998-03-03 |
| US5446740A (en) | 1995-08-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |