CA2180487C - Water for medical treatment, production method thereof, and dialysis apparatus using water for medical treatment as dialysis liquid - Google Patents
Water for medical treatment, production method thereof, and dialysis apparatus using water for medical treatment as dialysis liquid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2180487C CA2180487C CA002180487A CA2180487A CA2180487C CA 2180487 C CA2180487 C CA 2180487C CA 002180487 A CA002180487 A CA 002180487A CA 2180487 A CA2180487 A CA 2180487A CA 2180487 C CA2180487 C CA 2180487C
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- cathode
- medical treatment
- dialysis
- sar
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 title description 45
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 9
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 8
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000002070 germicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001631 haemodialysis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000322 hemodialysis Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N norethisterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloramine Chemical compound ClN QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010033645 Pancreatitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010033647 Pancreatitis acute Diseases 0.000 description 2
- LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric Acid Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1NC(=O)N2 LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric acid Natural products N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2NC(=O)NC21 TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000003229 acute pancreatitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- SURLGNKAQXKNSP-DBLYXWCISA-N chlorin Chemical compound C\1=C/2\N/C(=C\C3=N/C(=C\C=4NC(/C=C\5/C=CC/1=N/5)=CC=4)/C=C3)/CC\2 SURLGNKAQXKNSP-DBLYXWCISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000020832 chronic kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002158 endotoxin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011045 prefiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940116269 uric acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010012434 Dermatitis allergic Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000008937 atopic dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010668 atopic eczema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009298 carbon filtering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007485 conventional hemodialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000302 ischemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000440 neutrophil Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4693—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1654—Dialysates therefor
- A61M1/1656—Apparatus for preparing dialysates
- A61M1/1668—Details of containers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1654—Dialysates therefor
- A61M1/1656—Apparatus for preparing dialysates
- A61M1/1674—Apparatus for preparing dialysates using UV radiation sources for sterilising the dialysate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/12—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for electrolyte homeostasis
- A61P3/14—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for electrolyte homeostasis for calcium homeostasis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
- A61P39/06—Free radical scavengers or antioxidants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/4618—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing for producing "ionised" acidic or basic water
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1654—Dialysates therefor
- A61M1/1656—Apparatus for preparing dialysates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/4618—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing for producing "ionised" acidic or basic water
- C02F2001/4619—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing for producing "ionised" acidic or basic water only cathodic or alkaline water, e.g. for reducing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/4618—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing for producing "ionised" acidic or basic water
- C02F2001/46195—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing for producing "ionised" acidic or basic water characterised by the oxidation reduction potential [ORP]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
- C02F2103/026—Treating water for medical or cosmetic purposes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
- C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/04—Oxidation reduction potential [ORP]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Abstract
A main feature of the present invention is to provide water for medical treatment that can abolish the Superoxide Anion Radical (SAR) which may trigger various diseases. Raw water including at least natrium, kalium, magnesium and calcium ions is supplied to a cathode chamber and an anode chamber. A current within the range of 0.16 mA/cm2 ~ 3.2 mA/cm2 is applied per two electrodes and one diaphragm for 0.5 seconds ~ 5 seconds across a cathode electrode and an anode electrode to electrolyze the raw water. By this method, water for medical treatment is produced that has an oxidation-reduction potential value within the range of -150 mV ~ 0 mV measured using a platinum electrode. The water for medical treatment can remove the SAR, which may become the cause of various diseases, from the blood of a patient.
Description
WATER FOR MEDICAL TREATMENT, PRODUCTION METHOD THEREOF, AND DIALYSIS APPARATUS USING WATER FOR MEDICAL TREATMENT
AS DIALYSIS LIQUID
The present invention generally relates to water for medical treatment, and more particularly, to water for medical treatment that has the capacity to abolish the Superoxide Anion Radical: 02-~ (referred to as "SAR" hereinafter), generated in a body. The invention also relates to a method of producing such water for medical treatment. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a dialysis apparatus that utilizes such water as dialysis liquid.
Significant advancement has been seen in the field of modern medicine, and the variety and number of new medicines and drugs available on the market are increasing. Developments in mediomechanical instrumentation has allowed a more accurate understanding of the human body, so that increasingly appropriate treatments can be applied. Many people graduate from medical colleges every year to practice medicine, and techniques in medical treatment are progressing.
However, the number of people with medical disorders is increasing in spite of such progress in medical science. Accordingly, the total cost of medical fees shows no decrease. It is considered that this is due to the fact that symptoms of a disease are treated nosotropically, and that fundamental therapy is not applied.
Recently, it has been confirmed that the SAR generated within the human body is the trigger of various diseases and illnesses. It is considered that SAR is generated as a result of the oxygen in blood being subjected to the effect of ischemic re-perfusion, intracorporeal bacteria, uric acid in blood, fat, and by the reduction of sugars or by the influence of neutrophils.
There is a great amount of SAR in the blood of individuals with certain diseases or with abundant uric acid, fat, and/or sugar in the blood. SAR
reacts with DNA and the like in the body to induce symptoms and disease such as allergic dermatitis.
AS DIALYSIS LIQUID
The present invention generally relates to water for medical treatment, and more particularly, to water for medical treatment that has the capacity to abolish the Superoxide Anion Radical: 02-~ (referred to as "SAR" hereinafter), generated in a body. The invention also relates to a method of producing such water for medical treatment. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a dialysis apparatus that utilizes such water as dialysis liquid.
Significant advancement has been seen in the field of modern medicine, and the variety and number of new medicines and drugs available on the market are increasing. Developments in mediomechanical instrumentation has allowed a more accurate understanding of the human body, so that increasingly appropriate treatments can be applied. Many people graduate from medical colleges every year to practice medicine, and techniques in medical treatment are progressing.
However, the number of people with medical disorders is increasing in spite of such progress in medical science. Accordingly, the total cost of medical fees shows no decrease. It is considered that this is due to the fact that symptoms of a disease are treated nosotropically, and that fundamental therapy is not applied.
Recently, it has been confirmed that the SAR generated within the human body is the trigger of various diseases and illnesses. It is considered that SAR is generated as a result of the oxygen in blood being subjected to the effect of ischemic re-perfusion, intracorporeal bacteria, uric acid in blood, fat, and by the reduction of sugars or by the influence of neutrophils.
There is a great amount of SAR in the blood of individuals with certain diseases or with abundant uric acid, fat, and/or sugar in the blood. SAR
reacts with DNA and the like in the body to induce symptoms and disease such as allergic dermatitis.
Processes or methods of abolishing the SAR from blood are now drawing the attention of doctors and people working at medical institutes all over the world.
Conventionally, a-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E and SOD (Super Oxide~Dismutase) are typically known to abolish SAR. However, there is a problem that excessive ingestion thereof will cause reactions such as oxidation effect.
In view of the foregoing, an object of the present invention is to provide water for medical treatment that has the capacity to abolish SAR, which may become the trigger of various diseases.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of producing such water for medical treatment.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a dialysis apparatus that utilizes such water for medical treatment as dialysis liquid.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided water for medical treatment which has an oxidation-reduction potential value within the range of -150 mV ~ 0 mV measured using a platinum electrode. Sterile water having an oxidation-reduction potential measured value of -68 mV - +55 mV is obtained by boiling the water.
The inventors found that by electrolyzing water under particular conditions set forth in the following, water is generated at the cathode side (referred to as cathode water hereinafter) which is rich in electrons (e-) and protons (H+) with a potency for abolishing SAR generated within the body.
The reaction mechanism of the cathode water for removing SAR is as follows:
02 ~ (Superoxide Anion Radical) + a + 2H+ -~ H202 (hydrogen peroxide) H202 + e- ~ HO~ + HO-HO~ + e- + H+ -~ H20 More specifically, it is believed that SAR which is the cause of various diseases is combined with electrons (e-) and protons (H+) included in the cathode water to be reduced and is then converted into H20 (water) and is thus abolished.
Conventionally, a-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E and SOD (Super Oxide~Dismutase) are typically known to abolish SAR. However, there is a problem that excessive ingestion thereof will cause reactions such as oxidation effect.
In view of the foregoing, an object of the present invention is to provide water for medical treatment that has the capacity to abolish SAR, which may become the trigger of various diseases.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of producing such water for medical treatment.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a dialysis apparatus that utilizes such water for medical treatment as dialysis liquid.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided water for medical treatment which has an oxidation-reduction potential value within the range of -150 mV ~ 0 mV measured using a platinum electrode. Sterile water having an oxidation-reduction potential measured value of -68 mV - +55 mV is obtained by boiling the water.
The inventors found that by electrolyzing water under particular conditions set forth in the following, water is generated at the cathode side (referred to as cathode water hereinafter) which is rich in electrons (e-) and protons (H+) with a potency for abolishing SAR generated within the body.
The reaction mechanism of the cathode water for removing SAR is as follows:
02 ~ (Superoxide Anion Radical) + a + 2H+ -~ H202 (hydrogen peroxide) H202 + e- ~ HO~ + HO-HO~ + e- + H+ -~ H20 More specifically, it is believed that SAR which is the cause of various diseases is combined with electrons (e-) and protons (H+) included in the cathode water to be reduced and is then converted into H20 (water) and is thus abolished.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a method of producing water for medical treatment includes the step of preparing an electrolytic water generator. The electrolytic water generator includes a cathode chamber with a cathode and an anode chamber with an anode, wherein said chambers are separated by a diaphragm. Raw water including at least natrium, kalium, magnesium, and calcium ions is supplied to respective anode and cathode chambers. A current within the range of 0.16 mA/cm2 ~ 3.22 mA/cm2 per two electrodes and one diaphragm is applied for at least 0.5 seconds and not more than 5 seconds across the cathode and the anode to electrolyze the raw water. Then, the water within the cathode chamber is extracted. It was found that the cathode water obtained by such a method has the potency to remove SAR.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, a dialysis apparatus includes an electrolytic water generation apparatus for electrolyzing water, a filter apparatus for filtering cathode water fed from an electrolytic liquid reservoir tank, and a dialysis liquid supply apparatus for supplying the cathode water introduced from the filter apparatus as dialysis liquid.
Since the dialysis apparatus of the present aspect includes an electrolytic water generation apparatus, cathode water that can remove SAR can be supplied to the human body as dialysis liquid. Therefore, SAR in the blood of a patient can be removed in addition to the effect of hemodialysis.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, a dialysis apparatus includes an electrolytic water generation apparatus for electrolyzing water, a boiling unit for boiling cathode water fed from the electrolytic water generation apparatus, and a dialysis liquid supply apparatus for supplying cathode water introduced from the boiling apparatus as dialysis liquid.
Since the dialysis apparatus of the present aspect includes a boiling apparatus, the bacteria in the cathode water can be killed, and thus the cathode water is disinfected.
The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a diagram showing the concept of an electrolytic water generator for producing water for medical treatment according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a diagram showing the capacity of the water to abolish SAR
from blood for medical treatment according to the first embodiment using the blood of a 72-year-old male patient;
Figure 3 shows the capacity of the water to abolish SAR from blood for medical treatment according to the first embodiment using the blood of a year-old male patient;
Figure 4 shows the effect of the water of the present invention on the blood of a patient suffering from acute pancreatitis;
Figure 5 is a diagram showing the concept of a conventional dialysis apparatus for describing a dialysis apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 6 is a diagram showing the concept of the dialysis apparatus of the second embodiment;
Figure 7 shows the characterizing portion of the dialysis apparatus of the second embodiment in detail;
Figure 8 is a diagram showing the concept of a dialysis apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
First Embodiment Referring to Figure 1, an electrolytic water generator (HD-30) includes a cathode chamber 2 with a cathode 1 and an anode chamber 4 with an anode 3.
Cathode chamber 2 is separated from anode chamber 4 by a diaphragm 5. A
cathode liquid outlet pipe 6 from which cathode liquid is drawn out is connected to cathode chamber 2. A drain pipe 7 for discharging anode water outward is connected to anode chamber 4. A feed pipe 8 is connected to respective cathode and anode chambers 2 and 4 so that raw water such as tap water, ground water, or water from a well is supplied, which includes at least natrium, kalium, magnesium, and calcium.
Raw water such as tap water, ground water, or well water is supplied to cathode chamber 2 and anode chamber 4. A current within the range of 0.16 5 mA/cm2 ~ 3.2 mA/cm2 per two electrodes and one diaphragm is applied across cathode electrode 1 and anode electrode 3 for at least 0.5 seconds and not more than 5 seconds at room temperature (18°C ~ 22°C) to electrolyze the raw water.
As a result, water for medical treatment, which is the cathode water, is obtained having the following properties. The oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) indicated in the present specification is measured using a platinum electrode by an ORP
measuring apparatus (RM-12P) of Toa Denpa Co. Ltd.
pH 8.0 ~ 9.5 ORP (Oxidation-Reduction Potential): ~ 0 mV ~ 150 mV
Cathode water of various characteristics was produced to study the capacity of the water to abolish SAR from blood.
The graph of Figure 2 indicates the amount of SAR in a mixture of blood extracted from a 72-year-old male patient and the above-described cathode water over time. In the graph of Figure 2, time is plotted along the abscissa, and the amount of SAR is plotted along the ordinate. The curved line labeled "control"
at the right side of the graph shows data when the above-described cathode water is not added. The curved lines labeled 1 °, 2°, 3°, and 4° at the right side of the graph indicate data corresponding to the PBS test number.
Figure 3 shows the result of a similar test using blood extracted from a 38-year-old male patient.
Referring to Figures 2 and 3, it was found that cathode water having an oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of -150 mV ~ 0 mV has the greatest potency to remove SAR.
Figure 4 shows the result of tracing the amount of SAR over time from a mixture of cathode water according to the present invention and blood extracted from a patient suffering from acute pancreatitis. The line labeled "TAP WATER"
shows data obtained from a mixture of tap water and the above-described blood, and the line labeled "REDUCED WATER" indicates data obtained from a mixture of cathode water of the present invention and blood. It is appreciated that the amount of SAR does not decrease with tap water. In contrast, there is a significant decrease in the amount of SAR with the cathode water of the present invention.
The pH of tap water was 5.8 ~ 8.6, and the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) was +200 mV ~ +700 mV.
Mode 1 The values of the pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) values of the generated water are shown in Table 1 when electrolyzed (current application time of 0.5 - 5 seconds) under various electrolytic currents (A) (generally expressed by current density (mA/cm2)). The current density is shown per one pair of electrodes (two) and diaphragm (one). From these experiments, it was found that the current density is preferably 0.16 mA/cm2 ~ 3.2 mA/cm2, particularly 0.224 mA/cm2 ~ 1.6 mA/cm2.
Table 1 Electrolytic Current Current (A) Density pH ORP (mV) (mA/cm2) 0.3 1.0 8.9 -43 1.0 3.2 9.7 -142 1.5 4.9 10.1 -188 2.0 6.5 10.4 -210 Mode 2 An experiment was carried out to examine the efficacy of boiling the cathode water, obtained as described above, in disinfecting the cathode water by killing bacteria therein. It was found that cathode water subjected to boiling does not lose the capacity to abolish SAR.
Specifically, two types of electrolytic water having oxidation-reduction potentials of 0 mV and -150 mV were boiled. The boiling state was maintained for five minutes, and then cooling occurred for twenty minutes. The respective measured values of pH and ORP are shown in the following Tables 2 and 3.
Table 2 shows the data measured at Kochi City using the water of Kochi City. Table 3 shows the data measured at Kyoto City using the water of Kyoto City. It was found that sterile water for medical treatment having an oxidation-reduction potential measured value within the range of -68 mV ~ +55 mV
is obtained by boiling the cathode water.
Table 2 Before Boiling AfterBoiling .
p H 9.26 9.64 ORP OmV +55 mV
pH 11.2 10.7 ORP -150 mV -33 mV
Table 3 Before Boiling After Boiling pH 8.7 9.0 ORP -10 mV +21 mV
pH 9.8 9.9 ORP -172 mV -68 mV
The cathode water (before and after boiling) obtained in the above-described manner was stable for more than 80 hours. It can be preserved without degradation of its properties for about one year if sealed.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, a dialysis apparatus includes an electrolytic water generation apparatus for electrolyzing water, a filter apparatus for filtering cathode water fed from an electrolytic liquid reservoir tank, and a dialysis liquid supply apparatus for supplying the cathode water introduced from the filter apparatus as dialysis liquid.
Since the dialysis apparatus of the present aspect includes an electrolytic water generation apparatus, cathode water that can remove SAR can be supplied to the human body as dialysis liquid. Therefore, SAR in the blood of a patient can be removed in addition to the effect of hemodialysis.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, a dialysis apparatus includes an electrolytic water generation apparatus for electrolyzing water, a boiling unit for boiling cathode water fed from the electrolytic water generation apparatus, and a dialysis liquid supply apparatus for supplying cathode water introduced from the boiling apparatus as dialysis liquid.
Since the dialysis apparatus of the present aspect includes a boiling apparatus, the bacteria in the cathode water can be killed, and thus the cathode water is disinfected.
The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a diagram showing the concept of an electrolytic water generator for producing water for medical treatment according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a diagram showing the capacity of the water to abolish SAR
from blood for medical treatment according to the first embodiment using the blood of a 72-year-old male patient;
Figure 3 shows the capacity of the water to abolish SAR from blood for medical treatment according to the first embodiment using the blood of a year-old male patient;
Figure 4 shows the effect of the water of the present invention on the blood of a patient suffering from acute pancreatitis;
Figure 5 is a diagram showing the concept of a conventional dialysis apparatus for describing a dialysis apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 6 is a diagram showing the concept of the dialysis apparatus of the second embodiment;
Figure 7 shows the characterizing portion of the dialysis apparatus of the second embodiment in detail;
Figure 8 is a diagram showing the concept of a dialysis apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
First Embodiment Referring to Figure 1, an electrolytic water generator (HD-30) includes a cathode chamber 2 with a cathode 1 and an anode chamber 4 with an anode 3.
Cathode chamber 2 is separated from anode chamber 4 by a diaphragm 5. A
cathode liquid outlet pipe 6 from which cathode liquid is drawn out is connected to cathode chamber 2. A drain pipe 7 for discharging anode water outward is connected to anode chamber 4. A feed pipe 8 is connected to respective cathode and anode chambers 2 and 4 so that raw water such as tap water, ground water, or water from a well is supplied, which includes at least natrium, kalium, magnesium, and calcium.
Raw water such as tap water, ground water, or well water is supplied to cathode chamber 2 and anode chamber 4. A current within the range of 0.16 5 mA/cm2 ~ 3.2 mA/cm2 per two electrodes and one diaphragm is applied across cathode electrode 1 and anode electrode 3 for at least 0.5 seconds and not more than 5 seconds at room temperature (18°C ~ 22°C) to electrolyze the raw water.
As a result, water for medical treatment, which is the cathode water, is obtained having the following properties. The oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) indicated in the present specification is measured using a platinum electrode by an ORP
measuring apparatus (RM-12P) of Toa Denpa Co. Ltd.
pH 8.0 ~ 9.5 ORP (Oxidation-Reduction Potential): ~ 0 mV ~ 150 mV
Cathode water of various characteristics was produced to study the capacity of the water to abolish SAR from blood.
The graph of Figure 2 indicates the amount of SAR in a mixture of blood extracted from a 72-year-old male patient and the above-described cathode water over time. In the graph of Figure 2, time is plotted along the abscissa, and the amount of SAR is plotted along the ordinate. The curved line labeled "control"
at the right side of the graph shows data when the above-described cathode water is not added. The curved lines labeled 1 °, 2°, 3°, and 4° at the right side of the graph indicate data corresponding to the PBS test number.
Figure 3 shows the result of a similar test using blood extracted from a 38-year-old male patient.
Referring to Figures 2 and 3, it was found that cathode water having an oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of -150 mV ~ 0 mV has the greatest potency to remove SAR.
Figure 4 shows the result of tracing the amount of SAR over time from a mixture of cathode water according to the present invention and blood extracted from a patient suffering from acute pancreatitis. The line labeled "TAP WATER"
shows data obtained from a mixture of tap water and the above-described blood, and the line labeled "REDUCED WATER" indicates data obtained from a mixture of cathode water of the present invention and blood. It is appreciated that the amount of SAR does not decrease with tap water. In contrast, there is a significant decrease in the amount of SAR with the cathode water of the present invention.
The pH of tap water was 5.8 ~ 8.6, and the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) was +200 mV ~ +700 mV.
Mode 1 The values of the pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) values of the generated water are shown in Table 1 when electrolyzed (current application time of 0.5 - 5 seconds) under various electrolytic currents (A) (generally expressed by current density (mA/cm2)). The current density is shown per one pair of electrodes (two) and diaphragm (one). From these experiments, it was found that the current density is preferably 0.16 mA/cm2 ~ 3.2 mA/cm2, particularly 0.224 mA/cm2 ~ 1.6 mA/cm2.
Table 1 Electrolytic Current Current (A) Density pH ORP (mV) (mA/cm2) 0.3 1.0 8.9 -43 1.0 3.2 9.7 -142 1.5 4.9 10.1 -188 2.0 6.5 10.4 -210 Mode 2 An experiment was carried out to examine the efficacy of boiling the cathode water, obtained as described above, in disinfecting the cathode water by killing bacteria therein. It was found that cathode water subjected to boiling does not lose the capacity to abolish SAR.
Specifically, two types of electrolytic water having oxidation-reduction potentials of 0 mV and -150 mV were boiled. The boiling state was maintained for five minutes, and then cooling occurred for twenty minutes. The respective measured values of pH and ORP are shown in the following Tables 2 and 3.
Table 2 shows the data measured at Kochi City using the water of Kochi City. Table 3 shows the data measured at Kyoto City using the water of Kyoto City. It was found that sterile water for medical treatment having an oxidation-reduction potential measured value within the range of -68 mV ~ +55 mV
is obtained by boiling the cathode water.
Table 2 Before Boiling AfterBoiling .
p H 9.26 9.64 ORP OmV +55 mV
pH 11.2 10.7 ORP -150 mV -33 mV
Table 3 Before Boiling After Boiling pH 8.7 9.0 ORP -10 mV +21 mV
pH 9.8 9.9 ORP -172 mV -68 mV
The cathode water (before and after boiling) obtained in the above-described manner was stable for more than 80 hours. It can be preserved without degradation of its properties for about one year if sealed.
Second Embodiment The second embodiment of the present invention relates to a dialysis apparatus improved so that cathode water having the above-described properties can be used as dialysis liquid.
First, a conventional dialysis apparatus will be described with reference to Figure 5.
Tap water (raw water) is passed through a precipitation prefilter 1 to remove particles and is then fed to a water-softening apparatus 2 to soften the water. Then, chlorin ~ chloramine ~ endotoxin is removed by an active carbon filter apparatus 3. The water is then passed through a UV germicidal lamp 4 and then fed to a reverse osmosis apparatus 5. Only approximately 1/2 of the water fed into reverse osmosis apparatus 5 under pressurization passes through. The remaining half is processed as drainage. The water passed through is sterile purified water which is then stored in an RO water tank 6. The water is sterilized with a UV
germicidal lamp 7 and then conducted through a milli pore filter 8 to be fed into a dialysis liquid supply apparatus 9. Here, the processed water is mixed with an undiluted solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate and an undiluted electrolyte solution at a predetermined ratio, and passed through a dearator apparatus to be supplied to a human body 10 as dialysis liquid.
Hemodialysis carried out by a dialysis apparatus is a treatment involving substance exchange of the patient's intracorporeal-circulated blood and dialysis liquid (one type of electrolytic liquid) in a dialyzator via a membrane to remove and supply solute in the blood and to remove excessive water. A patient suffering from chronic renal insufficiency is subjected to hemodialysis approximately 3 times a week, each time taking about 4 hours. Since the flow rate of the dialysis liquid supplied to the dialyzator is normally 500 mP/minutes, the amount of dialysis liquid used in one treatment is 500 mP x 240 minutes = 120,000 m~ = 1208 per patient. Since this treatment of hemodialysis requires a great amount of water, the content of the water used in hemodialysis affects the patient greatly. The present embodiment is directed to this fact, and relates to utilizing the above-described cathode water of particular composition in a dialysis apparatus.
First, a conventional dialysis apparatus will be described with reference to Figure 5.
Tap water (raw water) is passed through a precipitation prefilter 1 to remove particles and is then fed to a water-softening apparatus 2 to soften the water. Then, chlorin ~ chloramine ~ endotoxin is removed by an active carbon filter apparatus 3. The water is then passed through a UV germicidal lamp 4 and then fed to a reverse osmosis apparatus 5. Only approximately 1/2 of the water fed into reverse osmosis apparatus 5 under pressurization passes through. The remaining half is processed as drainage. The water passed through is sterile purified water which is then stored in an RO water tank 6. The water is sterilized with a UV
germicidal lamp 7 and then conducted through a milli pore filter 8 to be fed into a dialysis liquid supply apparatus 9. Here, the processed water is mixed with an undiluted solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate and an undiluted electrolyte solution at a predetermined ratio, and passed through a dearator apparatus to be supplied to a human body 10 as dialysis liquid.
Hemodialysis carried out by a dialysis apparatus is a treatment involving substance exchange of the patient's intracorporeal-circulated blood and dialysis liquid (one type of electrolytic liquid) in a dialyzator via a membrane to remove and supply solute in the blood and to remove excessive water. A patient suffering from chronic renal insufficiency is subjected to hemodialysis approximately 3 times a week, each time taking about 4 hours. Since the flow rate of the dialysis liquid supplied to the dialyzator is normally 500 mP/minutes, the amount of dialysis liquid used in one treatment is 500 mP x 240 minutes = 120,000 m~ = 1208 per patient. Since this treatment of hemodialysis requires a great amount of water, the content of the water used in hemodialysis affects the patient greatly. The present embodiment is directed to this fact, and relates to utilizing the above-described cathode water of particular composition in a dialysis apparatus.
Figure 6 shows a dialysis apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
The dialysis apparatus of the second embodiment differs from the conventional dialysis apparatus of Figure 5 in that an electrolytic water generation apparatus a and an electrolytic water reservoir tank b are provided between UV
germicidal lamp 4 and reverse osmosis apparatus 5.
Tap water (raw water) is passed through precipitation prefilter 1 to have particles removed. Next, the water is softened by water-softening apparatus 2 to be supplied to active carbon filtering apparatus 3 to have chlorin ~ chloramine ~ endotoxin removed. Then, the water is passed through UV
germicidal lamp 4. The sterilized water is fed to electrolytic water generation apparatus a to be electrolyzed. Cathode water obtained by electrolysis is stored in electrolytic water reservoir tank b and fed to reverse osmosis apparatus 5.
Here, half of the fed water passes through, and the remaining water that does not pass through flows through a feedback conduit 1 provided between reverse osmosis apparatus 5 and electrolytic water reservoir tank b to be returned to electrolytic water reservoir tank b by a pump P. The water passed through reverse osmosis apparatus 5 is substantially purified water with no bacteria. This water is stored in RO water tank 6 and then sent to dialysis liquid supply apparatus 9 via UV
germicidal lamp 7 and milli pore filter 8. The processed water is combined with an undiluted solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate and an undiluted electrolyte solution at a predetermined ratio. The mixture is passed through a deaerator to be supplied to human body 10 as dialysis liquid.
Figure 7 shows the details of active carbon filter apparatus 3, electrolytic water generation apparatus (HD-30)a, electrolytic water reservoir tank b, and reverse osmosis apparatus 5 shown in Figure 6.
The present invention is not limited to four electrolytic water generators (HD-30) shown in the present embodiment.
Also, the invention is not limited to the present dialysis apparatus having an electrolytic liquid reservoir tank provided. An electrolytic water reservoir tank is not necessarily required, and water can be supplied directly to reverse osmosis apparatus 5 from electrolytic water generation apparatus a.
In the present embodiment, a reverse osmosis filtering apparatus is shown as an apparatus for filtering cathode water. Alternatively, cathode water can 5 be filtered with a hollow fiber membrane filter.
According to the dialysis apparatus of the second embodiment, SAR
in the blood of a patient can be removed in addition to the effect of a conventional hemodialysis treatment. The frequency of dialysis for a patient suffering from chronic renal insufficiency is thus reduced, and the time required for the treatment 10 is decreased. There is an advantage that the length of time the patient spends on the dialysis apparatus can be shortened.
Third Embodiment A dialysis apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention, shown in Figure 8, is similar to the dialysis apparatus of Figure 6 except for the following points. Like or corresponding components have the same reference characters allotted, and their description will not be repeated.
More specifically, the dialysis apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention includes a boiler 12 which serves as boiling means, and does not include sterilizing means such as a UV germicidal lamp, a reverse osmosis apparatus, an RO liquid tank, or a milli pore filter. Water introduced from electrolytic water reservoir tank b to boiler 12 is boiled and sterilized. Then, the sterile water is provided to dialysis liquid supply apparatus 9 to be applied to patient 10. By substituting sterilization means with such a boiler 12, the cost and burden of maintenance are relieved in contrast to the case where sterilization means such as a UV germicidal lamp is used.
The present invention is not limited to the three above-described embodiments in which the water for medical treatment of the above-described properties is used for cleaning blood, and can be used for the preparation of Ringer's solution and to prepare sterile water used for surgery.
Although the present invention has been described and illustrated in detail, it is clearly understood that the same is by way of illustration and example only and is not to be taken by way of limitation, the spirit and scope of the present invention being limited only by the terms of the appended claims.
The dialysis apparatus of the second embodiment differs from the conventional dialysis apparatus of Figure 5 in that an electrolytic water generation apparatus a and an electrolytic water reservoir tank b are provided between UV
germicidal lamp 4 and reverse osmosis apparatus 5.
Tap water (raw water) is passed through precipitation prefilter 1 to have particles removed. Next, the water is softened by water-softening apparatus 2 to be supplied to active carbon filtering apparatus 3 to have chlorin ~ chloramine ~ endotoxin removed. Then, the water is passed through UV
germicidal lamp 4. The sterilized water is fed to electrolytic water generation apparatus a to be electrolyzed. Cathode water obtained by electrolysis is stored in electrolytic water reservoir tank b and fed to reverse osmosis apparatus 5.
Here, half of the fed water passes through, and the remaining water that does not pass through flows through a feedback conduit 1 provided between reverse osmosis apparatus 5 and electrolytic water reservoir tank b to be returned to electrolytic water reservoir tank b by a pump P. The water passed through reverse osmosis apparatus 5 is substantially purified water with no bacteria. This water is stored in RO water tank 6 and then sent to dialysis liquid supply apparatus 9 via UV
germicidal lamp 7 and milli pore filter 8. The processed water is combined with an undiluted solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate and an undiluted electrolyte solution at a predetermined ratio. The mixture is passed through a deaerator to be supplied to human body 10 as dialysis liquid.
Figure 7 shows the details of active carbon filter apparatus 3, electrolytic water generation apparatus (HD-30)a, electrolytic water reservoir tank b, and reverse osmosis apparatus 5 shown in Figure 6.
The present invention is not limited to four electrolytic water generators (HD-30) shown in the present embodiment.
Also, the invention is not limited to the present dialysis apparatus having an electrolytic liquid reservoir tank provided. An electrolytic water reservoir tank is not necessarily required, and water can be supplied directly to reverse osmosis apparatus 5 from electrolytic water generation apparatus a.
In the present embodiment, a reverse osmosis filtering apparatus is shown as an apparatus for filtering cathode water. Alternatively, cathode water can 5 be filtered with a hollow fiber membrane filter.
According to the dialysis apparatus of the second embodiment, SAR
in the blood of a patient can be removed in addition to the effect of a conventional hemodialysis treatment. The frequency of dialysis for a patient suffering from chronic renal insufficiency is thus reduced, and the time required for the treatment 10 is decreased. There is an advantage that the length of time the patient spends on the dialysis apparatus can be shortened.
Third Embodiment A dialysis apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention, shown in Figure 8, is similar to the dialysis apparatus of Figure 6 except for the following points. Like or corresponding components have the same reference characters allotted, and their description will not be repeated.
More specifically, the dialysis apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention includes a boiler 12 which serves as boiling means, and does not include sterilizing means such as a UV germicidal lamp, a reverse osmosis apparatus, an RO liquid tank, or a milli pore filter. Water introduced from electrolytic water reservoir tank b to boiler 12 is boiled and sterilized. Then, the sterile water is provided to dialysis liquid supply apparatus 9 to be applied to patient 10. By substituting sterilization means with such a boiler 12, the cost and burden of maintenance are relieved in contrast to the case where sterilization means such as a UV germicidal lamp is used.
The present invention is not limited to the three above-described embodiments in which the water for medical treatment of the above-described properties is used for cleaning blood, and can be used for the preparation of Ringer's solution and to prepare sterile water used for surgery.
Although the present invention has been described and illustrated in detail, it is clearly understood that the same is by way of illustration and example only and is not to be taken by way of limitation, the spirit and scope of the present invention being limited only by the terms of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method of producing water for medical treatment comprising the steps of:
preparing an electrolytic water generator including a cathode chamber with a cathode and anode chamber with an anode, wherein said chambers are separated by a diaphragm, introducing rawwater including at least natrium, kalium, magnesium and calcium ions into said cathode chamber and said anode chamber, applying a current within a range of 0.16 mA/cm2 ~ 3.2 mA/cm2 per two electrodes and one diaphragm for 0.5 seconds to 5 seconds across said cathode and said anode for electrolyzing said raw water, and extracting water from said cathode chamber.
preparing an electrolytic water generator including a cathode chamber with a cathode and anode chamber with an anode, wherein said chambers are separated by a diaphragm, introducing rawwater including at least natrium, kalium, magnesium and calcium ions into said cathode chamber and said anode chamber, applying a current within a range of 0.16 mA/cm2 ~ 3.2 mA/cm2 per two electrodes and one diaphragm for 0.5 seconds to 5 seconds across said cathode and said anode for electrolyzing said raw water, and extracting water from said cathode chamber.
2. The method of producing medical water according to claim 1, wherein said electrolysis of raw water is carried out by applying current within a range of a 0.224 mA/cm2 ~ 1.6 mA/cm2 across said cathode and anode.
3. The method of producing water for medical treatment according to claim 1, further comprising the step of boiling said extracted water.
4. Water for medical treatment prepared according to the method defined in claim 1, 2 or 3.
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CA002303676A CA2303676C (en) | 1995-07-07 | 1996-07-04 | Water for medical treatment, production method thereof, and dialysis apparatus using water for medical treatment as dialysis liquid |
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JP15564796A JP3193295B2 (en) | 1995-07-07 | 1996-06-17 | Dialysis machine |
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US (1) | US5938915A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0752391B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP3193295B2 (en) |
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CA (1) | CA2180487C (en) |
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AU2002353060A1 (en) | 2001-12-05 | 2003-06-17 | Oculus Innovative Sciences, Inc. | Method and apparatus for producing negative and positive oxidative reductive potential (orp) water |
TWI231182B (en) * | 2001-12-11 | 2005-04-21 | Shinkatsu Morisawa | The effect of a buffering agent on acidogenesis of plaque |
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-
1996
- 1996-06-17 JP JP15564796A patent/JP3193295B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-25 TW TW085107609A patent/TW505519B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-03 US US08/675,660 patent/US5938915A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-04 CA CA002180487A patent/CA2180487C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-05 EP EP96304974A patent/EP0752391B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-05 RU RU96115403A patent/RU2120413C1/en active
- 1996-07-05 CN CN96108522A patent/CN1119291C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-05 DE DE69631857T patent/DE69631857T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2000
- 2000-04-05 JP JP2000103512A patent/JP3436912B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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JP2000350989A (en) | 2000-12-19 |
RU2120413C1 (en) | 1998-10-20 |
JPH0977672A (en) | 1997-03-25 |
US5938915A (en) | 1999-08-17 |
CN1119291C (en) | 2003-08-27 |
EP0752391A3 (en) | 1997-11-12 |
CN1144193A (en) | 1997-03-05 |
JP3436912B2 (en) | 2003-08-18 |
DE69631857D1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
CA2180487A1 (en) | 1997-01-08 |
EP0752391A2 (en) | 1997-01-08 |
DE69631857T2 (en) | 2005-03-17 |
TW505519B (en) | 2002-10-11 |
JP3193295B2 (en) | 2001-07-30 |
EP0752391B1 (en) | 2004-03-17 |
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