CA2184393C - Receiver based methods and devices for combating co-channel ntsc inference in digital transmission - Google Patents
Receiver based methods and devices for combating co-channel ntsc inference in digital transmission Download PDFInfo
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- CA2184393C CA2184393C CA002184393A CA2184393A CA2184393C CA 2184393 C CA2184393 C CA 2184393C CA 002184393 A CA002184393 A CA 002184393A CA 2184393 A CA2184393 A CA 2184393A CA 2184393 C CA2184393 C CA 2184393C
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
- H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
- H04L25/03012—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain
- H04L25/03019—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain adaptive, i.e. capable of adjustment during data reception
- H04L25/03057—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain adaptive, i.e. capable of adjustment during data reception with a recursive structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/14—Picture signal circuitry for video frequency region
- H04N5/21—Circuitry for suppressing or minimising disturbance, e.g. moiré or halo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/10—Adaptations for transmission by electrical cable
- H04N7/102—Circuits therefor, e.g. noise reducers, equalisers, amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/06—Receivers
- H04B1/10—Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference
- H04B1/12—Neutralising, balancing, or compensation arrangements
- H04B1/123—Neutralising, balancing, or compensation arrangements using adaptive balancing or compensation means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/41—Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals
- H04N21/426—Internal components of the client ; Characteristics thereof
Abstract
A device and method for removing signal interference from a digital signal by using an adaptive filter which tunes to the periodic components of the interfering signal. The output of the adaptive filter is then subtracted from the received signal to produce an error signal.
This error signal is then used to recursively update the taps of the adaptive filter. The invention also relates to the use of the adaptive filter in conjunction with a DFE.
This error signal is then used to recursively update the taps of the adaptive filter. The invention also relates to the use of the adaptive filter in conjunction with a DFE.
Description
Receiver Based Methods and Devices for Combating Co-channel NTSC Interference in Digital Transmission BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention The present invention is directed generally to digital signal processing, and in particular to receiver based methods and devices for combating signal interference in digital HDTV (high definition television) transmission.
1. Field of the Invention The present invention is directed generally to digital signal processing, and in particular to receiver based methods and devices for combating signal interference in digital HDTV (high definition television) transmission.
2. Description of the Prior Art The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and cable television testing organizations such as CableLabs have been evaluating digital television delivery systems in order to choose a new television "standard" which someday will replace NTSC (National Television System Committee) in the United States. These systems all involve digital coding and data compression techniques, for example those utilizing the MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group) algorithms or variations thereof.
The FCC plans to test and approve an advanced television (ATV) standard comprising for example, high definition television (HDTV) and standard definition television (SDTV) digital signals for terrestrial broadcasting. Although the specifics of the standard are yet to be fully tested and agreed upon, the FCC has indicated that the system will initially take the form of a so called "simulcast" approach. The new ATV signals will fit into currently unused television channels (so-called "taboo" channels) and initially co-exist with the conventional analog television signals without co-channel interference.
An example of a taboo channel is as follows:
Fig. 1 shows two geographical areas A and B. Transmission antenna 1 in area A transmits NTSC channel 6. The FCC will not permit antenna 2 in area B to also transmit NTSC channel 6, as the proximity of antenna 2 to antenna 1 could cause NTSC interference in both areas. Accordingly, if area A is transmitting NTSC channel 6, then channel 6 in area B is a so-called "taboo" channel. Under the planned ATV standard however, the FCC will now permit antenna 2 in area B to transmit ATV signals on channel 6 as the new ATV signals are much more resistant to NTSC interference, although NTSC
interference will still be a problem especially in the fringe area 3.
NTSC will be used hereinafter to represent one example of conventional television broadcasting. Other examples would be, inter alia, SECAM (Systeme Electronique Couleur avec Memoire) and PAL (Phase Alternating Line).
Although NTSC is exemplified herein, it is not meant to be construed as a limitation and will be used herein synonymously with "conventional" to represent conventional television in general.
'The FCC intends to test the so-called "Grand Alliance" digital ATV system, a system which is being cooperatively developed by the corporate sponsors which developed the first round of individual proposals which were tested by the FCC in 1991 and 1992.
The Grand Alliance has already decided on a coding algorithm which will comply with the source coding standards proposed by MPEG (Motion Pictures Experts Group). In addition, the RF (Radio Frequency) transmission scheme selected on the basis of testing conducted by the Advanced Television Test Center (ATTC) is the trellis coded 8VSB
The FCC plans to test and approve an advanced television (ATV) standard comprising for example, high definition television (HDTV) and standard definition television (SDTV) digital signals for terrestrial broadcasting. Although the specifics of the standard are yet to be fully tested and agreed upon, the FCC has indicated that the system will initially take the form of a so called "simulcast" approach. The new ATV signals will fit into currently unused television channels (so-called "taboo" channels) and initially co-exist with the conventional analog television signals without co-channel interference.
An example of a taboo channel is as follows:
Fig. 1 shows two geographical areas A and B. Transmission antenna 1 in area A transmits NTSC channel 6. The FCC will not permit antenna 2 in area B to also transmit NTSC channel 6, as the proximity of antenna 2 to antenna 1 could cause NTSC interference in both areas. Accordingly, if area A is transmitting NTSC channel 6, then channel 6 in area B is a so-called "taboo" channel. Under the planned ATV standard however, the FCC will now permit antenna 2 in area B to transmit ATV signals on channel 6 as the new ATV signals are much more resistant to NTSC interference, although NTSC
interference will still be a problem especially in the fringe area 3.
NTSC will be used hereinafter to represent one example of conventional television broadcasting. Other examples would be, inter alia, SECAM (Systeme Electronique Couleur avec Memoire) and PAL (Phase Alternating Line).
Although NTSC is exemplified herein, it is not meant to be construed as a limitation and will be used herein synonymously with "conventional" to represent conventional television in general.
'The FCC intends to test the so-called "Grand Alliance" digital ATV system, a system which is being cooperatively developed by the corporate sponsors which developed the first round of individual proposals which were tested by the FCC in 1991 and 1992.
The Grand Alliance has already decided on a coding algorithm which will comply with the source coding standards proposed by MPEG (Motion Pictures Experts Group). In addition, the RF (Radio Frequency) transmission scheme selected on the basis of testing conducted by the Advanced Television Test Center (ATTC) is the trellis coded 8VSB
system designed and built by Zenith Electronics. The system details are described in "Digital Spectrum Compatible -Technical Details", September 23, 1991 and more recently modified for bakeoff and described in "VSB Transmission System: Technical Details", September 19, 1994. This system is also described in an article in Broadcast Engineering by Chan, entitled "A Look at 8-VSB", September 1994 at page 10, and in TV Technology in an article by Weiss, entitled "And the Winner is VSB.. Maybe", April 1994 at page 50.
The technique used in the Zenith 8VSB modem to combat this co-channel interference is as explained below with reference to Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 shows an example of the frequency spectrum of an NTSC signal. The carriers of the picture V, sound A
and color C of the NTSC signal will cause interference with the digital HDTV signal. In order to remove these "peaks"
where the carrier frequencies of the co-channel lie, the Zenith 8VSB modem uses a comb filter in the receiver having a response 4 which introduces nulls, in the digital spectrum at the locations of the carriers of the picture V, sound A
and color C as shown. The NTSC rejection filter (comb filter), shown in Fig. 3, provides rejection of steady-state signals located at the null frequencies. In order to ensure that the nulls align with the correct carrier frequency, the ATV spectrum must be shifted 45.8 kHz with respect to the NTSC spectrum, as described at page 15 of "VSB Transmission System: Technical Details", and also delayed by 12 symbols, as described below.
The comb filter of Fig. 3 comprises a 12 symbol delay 8 which receives the input signal of the comb filter, and a subtracter 9 to subtract the output of the delay 8 from the input signal of the comb filter.
The technique used in the Zenith 8VSB modem to combat this co-channel interference is as explained below with reference to Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 shows an example of the frequency spectrum of an NTSC signal. The carriers of the picture V, sound A
and color C of the NTSC signal will cause interference with the digital HDTV signal. In order to remove these "peaks"
where the carrier frequencies of the co-channel lie, the Zenith 8VSB modem uses a comb filter in the receiver having a response 4 which introduces nulls, in the digital spectrum at the locations of the carriers of the picture V, sound A
and color C as shown. The NTSC rejection filter (comb filter), shown in Fig. 3, provides rejection of steady-state signals located at the null frequencies. In order to ensure that the nulls align with the correct carrier frequency, the ATV spectrum must be shifted 45.8 kHz with respect to the NTSC spectrum, as described at page 15 of "VSB Transmission System: Technical Details", and also delayed by 12 symbols, as described below.
The comb filter of Fig. 3 comprises a 12 symbol delay 8 which receives the input signal of the comb filter, and a subtracter 9 to subtract the output of the delay 8 from the input signal of the comb filter.
Fig. 4 shows the prior art use of the comb filter in the Zenith system. Trellis decoding with and without NTSC
rejection filter (comb filter) is illustrated. Received symbols rk are applied to a first branch 10 comprising a comb-filter 8, 9 which applies 15 level symbols + noise +
interference to a partial response trellis decoder 11, and to a second branch 20 in which 8 level symbols + noise +
interference are applied to an optimal trellis decoder 12. A
switch 13 supplies output data from the first branch 10 or the second branch 20. The comb filter 8, 9 is switched into use when NTSC interference is present in the digital signal, otherwise the comb filter 8, 9 is not used. This provides significant improvement in the performance of the digital signal when a conventional television signal, e.g. NTSC, is broadcast on a co-channel. A general description of a comb filter can be found in Pohlmann "Principles of Digital Audio", 2nd ed. 1991.
The comb filter 8, 9 in the prior art is treated as a partial response channel in cascade with a trellis coder, for the case when co-channel conventional television interference is present. An optimum partial response trellis decoder 11 can then be developed which uses Viterbi decoding on an expanded trellis, the states of which correspond to the cascade of the states of the comb-filter and the trellis coder as described in "Principles of Digital Communication and Coding" by Andrew J. Viterbi and Jim K. Omura, 1979 specifically at pages 227-300. The number of states in the trellis becomes increasingly large as the number of delays in the comb filter increase. Accordingly, the trellis coded 8VSB system, which uses a comb filter 8, 9 with a delay 8 of 12 symbols, has an extremely large number of trellis states and also suffers from the problems associated with additive noise.
~ CA 02184393 2005-09-14 To simplify their design, Zenith converts the MPEG
coded and RS (Reed-Solomon) coded and interleaved data-stream from serial to parallel, then uses twelve parallel trellis encoders followed by a parallel to serial converter 5 at the transmitter. Thus now the trellis decoder 11 for the case when the comb filter 8, 9 is used, implements Viterbi decoding on a trellis with the number of states equal to two or four times the number of states of the trellis encoder.
The problems associated with additive noise still occur and in fact cause the trellis decoder to work improperly.
When the co-channel conventional television interference is absent, the comb filter 8, 9 is not switched into use and the Viterbi decoding is implemented by means of an optimal trellis decoder 12 on a trellis with the number of states equal to the number of states of the trellis encoder. This is possible since, with the Zenith approach, pre-coding is not used in the transmitter. The choice between the path 10, afforded by simple trellis decoding 12, or of the path 20, which employs the comb filter 8, 9 and the expanded trellis 12 at the receiver, is decided by the measured error-rate of the periodically sent data field sync symbols at the outputs of the post comb and with no post comb. Thus, when there is NTSC interference the comb filter path 20 will be chosen which increases the number of states of the trellis decoder. The switching between the use of a comb filter 8, 9 in the receiver or not, suggested by Zenith, is cumbersome. In addition a significant number of computations must be performed to determine whether the comb filter should be used or not. Also the use of the comb filter requires 12 parallel encoders and correspondingly 12 parallel decoders which is also very cumbersome.
Another problem associated with the present comb filters is that when both NTSC co-channel interference and . CA 02184393 2005-09-14 5a added white gaussian noise (AWGN) are present the performance of the comb filter degrades dramatically. This is because the AWGN, after passing through the comb filter, does not remain white, but gets "colored", that is, the noise samples are no longer independent of each other. This "colored" noise affects the performance of the trellis decoder which is optimized for performance in an AWGN
channel. Since the co-channel conventional television interference is maximum at the fringe area 3 in Fig. 1, where the signal power is small and hence the AWGN is large, this "coloring" of the AWGN is indeed a scenario which must be taken into account.
The use of a comb filter for NTSC rejection also requires that the ATV spectrum be shifted 45.8 kHz with respect to the NTSC spectrum in order to align the nulls of the comb filter with the picture and color carriers as described in "VSB Transmission System: Technical Details", at page 15. This causes the digital spectrum to spill over into the adjacent 6 MHz channel which is undesirable for adjacent channel rejection.
A problem similar to co-channel interference occurs when a digital signal is transmitted through cable in a new channel next to existing analog channels. Intermodulation products are one of the most important distortion types on cable, so that maximum number of channels that can be put on cable is most times limited by the occurrence of intermodulation products. When a digital signal is transmitted through a cable, the non-intermodulation-product-disturbed channels of which are already fully occupied by existing (analog) channels, the new channel for the digital signal will be subject to intermodulation product interference. Another source of disturbing signal interference may be caused by a single carrier signal. Put 5b more generally, the problem to be solved is caused by signal interference.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Generally speaking, it is an object of the present invention to reduce signal interference disturbing the transmission of digital signals.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of removing co-channel interference from a digital signal, comprising the steps of:
receiving the digital signal which includes a plurality of symbols, noise and co-channel interference; delaying the received digital signal; adaptively filtering the delayed signal using a feed forward adaptive filter having a plurality of adjustable taps; subtracting the adaptively filtered signal from the received digital signal and producing a first error signal; and recursively using the first error signal to adjust the taps of the adaptive filter to minimize the mean squared error of the error signal such that the adaptive filter becomes tuned to the co-channel interference.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a filtering system for removing co-channel interference from a digital signal, comprising:
means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, the co-channel interference and noise; means for delaying the received digital signal;
feed forward adaptive filter means for adaptively filtering the delayed signal and including a plurality of adjustable taps; means for subtracting the adaptively filtered signal from the received digital signal and for producing an error signal, and means for recursively adjusting the taps of the forward adaptive filter means by using the error signal 5c while minimizing the mean squared error of the error signal, such that the forward adaptive filter means becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of removing co-channel interference from a digital signal, comprising the steps of:
receiving the digital signal which includes a plurality of symbols, noise and co-channel interference; delaying the received digital signal; adaptively filtering the delayed signal using a feed forward adaptive filter having a plurality of adjustable taps; and recursively adjusting the taps of the forward adaptive filter in accordance with an adaptive algorithm such that the forward adaptive filter becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference; and subtracting the estimate of the co-channel interference from the received digital signal.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a filtering system for removing co-channel interference from a digital signal, comprising:
means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, the co-channel interference and noise; means for delaying the received digital signal;
feed forward adaptive filter means including a plurality of adjustable taps for adaptively filtering the delayed signal;
means for recursively adjusting the taps of the forward adaptive filter means in accordance with an adaptive algorithm such that forward the adaptive filter means becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference; and first subtracting means for subtracting the estimate of the co-5d channel interference from the received digital signal to produce a first error signal.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of removing co-channel interference from a digital signal, comprising the steps of receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, noise and co-channel interference;
delaying the received digital signal; adaptively filtering the delayed signal using a adaptive filter having a plurality of adjustable taps; forward filtering the received digital signal using a forward filter with a plurality of adjustable taps; subtracting the adaptively filtered signal from the forward filtered signal and producing a first signal; quantizing the first signal; feedback filtering the quantized signal using a feedback filter with a plurality of adjustable taps; subtracting the filtered quantized signal from the first signal and producing an error signal; and adjusting the adjustable taps of the adaptive filter by using the error signal and an adaptive algorithm such that the adaptive filter becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference.
According to yet a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a filtering system for removing co-channel interference from a digital signal, comprising:
means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, noise and co-channel interference; means for delaying the received digital signal; adaptive filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for adaptively filtering the delayed signal;
forward filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for forward filtering the received digital signal; first subtracting means for subtracting the adaptively filtered ~ CA 02184393 2005-09-14 5e signal from the forward filtered signal and producing a first signal; means for quantizing the first signal;
feedback filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for feedback filtering the quantized signal; second subtracting means for subtracting the filtered quantized signal from the first signal and producing an error signal;
and adjusting means for adjusting the adjustable taps of the adaptive filter by using the error signal and an adaptive algorithm such that the adaptive filter becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference.
According to still a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a television receiver including a filtering system for removing interference from a digital signal, the filtering system comprising: means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, the co-channel interference and noise;
means for delaying the received digital signal; feed forward adaptive filter means including a plurality of adjustable taps for adaptively filtering the delayed signal; means for recursively adjusting the taps of the forward adaptive filter means in accordance with an adaptive algorithm such that the forward adaptive filter means becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference; and first subtracting means for subtracting the estimate of the co-channel interference from the received digital signal.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a television receiver including a filtering system for removing interference from a digital signal, the filtering system comprising: means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, the co-channel interference and noise;
~ CA 02184393 2005-09-14 5f means for delaying the received digital signal; feed forward adaptive filter means for adaptively filtering the delayed signal and including a plurality of adjustable taps; means for subtracting the adaptively filtered signal from the received digital signal and for producing an error signal;
and means for recursively adjusting the taps of the forward adaptive filter means by using the error signal while minimizing the mean squared error of the error signal, such that the forward adaptive filter means becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a television receiver including a filtering system for removing conventional television signal interference from a digital signal the following system comprising: means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, noise and co-channel conventional television signal interference;
means for delaying the received digital signal; adaptive filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for adaptively filtering the delayed signal; forward filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for forward filtering the received digital signal; first subtracting means for subtracting the adaptively filtered signal from the forward filtered signal and producing a first signal;
means for quantizing the first signal; feedback filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for feedback filtering the quantized first signal; second subtracting means for subtracting the quantized first signal from the first signal and producing an error signal; and adjusting means for adjusting the adjustable taps of the adaptive filter by using the error signal and an adaptive algorithm such that the adaptive filter becomes tuned to the co-channel 5g conventional television signal interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel conventional television signal interference.
The dependent claims define advantageous embodiments.
Embodiments of the invention provide an adaptive filter which can dynamically adapt itself to the NTSC
spectrum and hence pick out the NTSC interference which is then removed from a received digital signal without the need for a comb filter.
In one embodiment, the received input signal r is delayed and then applied to an adaptive filter. The output of the adaptive filter is subtracted from the received signal r. The result of this subtraction, "the error", is used to adjust the taps of the adaptive filter. By minimizing "the error" the adaptive filter becomes tuned to the carriers of the NTSC signal. The NTSC signal is then subtracted from the received signal r leaving only the unpredictable components ("the error") of the received signal. This "error" includes the digital signal and the AWGN and can now be easily processed by simple trellis decoding without the need for a comb filter. In one embodiment, the adaptive filter is provided with filter taps which are automatically adjustable for tuning into the periodic components of the NTSC signal without having to use the NTSC signal as a reference signal. In a preferred embodiment, the adaptive filter is a feedforward filter.
In another embodiment of the invention, the invention incorporates a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) using a finite impulse response filter in the feedback path for combatting intersymbol interference. A forward filter is also provided which removes the pre-echo or ghosts in the 5h received signals. If a DFE is used without any adaptive filter and there is strong NTSC interference in the received signal the taps of the feedback filter become very large which causes an increase in error propagation in the DFE, decreasing the DFE's expected performance of cancelling out the multipaths.
If, however, the adaptive filter is used in conjunction with the DFE, the DFE will try to cancel the signal from the adaptive filter as the DFE believes the signal from the adaptive filter is a multipath which again causes an increase in error propagation. A DFE, however, can only cancel multipaths up to the number of taps in the feedback filter.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a DFE in conjunction wo 96121304 218 4 3 9 3 6 p~'IIB95I01133 with an adaptive filter such that the DFE will not cancel the signal from the adaptive filter as a multipath. This is achieved by setting the delay D of the adaptive filter such that it is greater than the number of taps in the feedback filter. In this way the DFE
will not attempt to cancel the "multipath" it sees from the adaptive filter, thus the DFE
effectively removes ghosts yet error propagation of the DFE is not increased and the NTSC signals are removed by the adaptive filter.
In this embodiment, which includes the DFE, the NTSC signal estimate ik, is subtracted from the output of the forward filter. The output of the feedback filter is also subtracted from the output of the forward filter. A dicer is provided for quantizing the signal to the nearest symbol. The subtractor compares the input of the slicer to the output of the dicer and provides an error signal e'1 which is used to set the taps of the forward filter and the feedback filter by using an adaptive algorithm. The DFE, at all times, is trying to minimize the error e'1.
Another object of this invention is to avoid the use of the comb filter in the receiver to remove NTSC interference transmitted on a co-channel from a digital signal.
Yet a further object of the invention is to improve the AWGN performance of the trellis encoder/decoder in an ATV receiver when co-channel television interference is not present. This is achieved by not having to use a comb filter which limits the number of states of the trellis encoder due to the fact the Viterbi decoder on a comb filter path must operate on a trellis with at least double the number of states of the trellis encoder.
Yet another object of the invention is to do away with the 45.8kHz frequency offset required with the use of a comb filter.
These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a diagram of an area experiencing co-channel interference;
Fig. 2 shows an example of the frequency spectrum of an NTSC co-channel signal and a comb filter response having nulls at the carriers of the NTSC co-channel;
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a comb filter;
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the prior art which shows the paths of a received signal if the signal contains NTSC interference and if not in a television receiver;
Fig. 5A is a diagram of an adaptive filter for NTSC co-channel interference cancellation in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 5B is a more detailed diagram of the adaptive filter 43 shown in Fig. 5A;
Figs. 6 and 7 are diagrams of an adaptive filter in conjunction with a DFE in accordance with the invention; and Fig. 8 is a diagram of the components of a television receiver including an adaptive filter.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Fig. 5A generally indicates at 40 the basic structure of an adaptive filter for signal interference cancellation ("the filter 40"). While in the following, NTSC co-channel interference is mentioned as an example, the filter 40 is able to remove other interference signals, such as intermodulation product interference. The filter 40 includes a delay element 42, an adaptive filter circuit 43 with adjustable taps gl...gLg, and a subtractor circuit 41.
The input to filter 40 is the sequence rk which includes the transmitted symbol sequence ak of a digital signal, the NTSC
co-channel interference ik and the AWGN nk. The output of the adaptive filter 40 is ek, which is the "error" signal formed by subtracting ik, which is an estimate of ik, from rk. This "error" signal ek therefore includes the digital signal ak plus the AWGN nk. The filter 40 is provided for "tuning" to the carriers or periodic components of the NTSC
co-channel interference ik which carriers are then estimated and subtracted in subtraction circuit 41 from the received signal rk. The output of subtractor circuit 41 is the non-periodic components of the received signal rk, which is the original digital signal ak plus the additive AWGN nk. The output ek is then sent to a trellis decoder which is adapted to easily remove the AWGN nk.
The filter 40 is able to remove the NTSC
co-channel interference because the received signal rk is first passed through a delay element 42 having a delay of D
symbols. This delay is chosen sufficiently large so as to decorrelate the broadband component of rk which is ak + nk.
Usually such an adaptive filter requires a reference signal such as the actual NTSC signal being transmitted on the co-channel which is used to generate an error which error is then minimized by tuning the filter taps by the LMS (Least mean squares) algorithm. In the present case such a reference signal is not needed, and usually not available.
As long as the delay D is chosen of sufficient length to decorrelate the broad band noise, the actual NTSC signal transmitted on the co-channel is not needed. The NTSC
component, because of the periodic nature of its carriers, will remain correlated. The predictable NTSC component is removed from the received signal leaving only the unpredictable component ak + nk at the output.
When there is no multipath, D can be set to 1 since both the signal and noise components are white. The situation with multipath will be discussed later. Following the delay D is the adaptive filter circuit 43 with adjustable taps [g1, g2, . . . , glg] , which are shown more clearly in Fig. 5B. The output of the adaptive filter circuit 43, denoted by ik, is given by:
Lg 1k ~ g1 rk-D-1 1=1 As explained above, the error signal ek, which is representative of the digital signal in conjunction with the ~ CA 02184393 2005-09-14 8a AWGN nk is formed by subtracting the NTSC co-channel interference estimate ik from rk i.e.
ek=rk-ik The filter taps [g1, g2, . . . , glg] are then obtained by minimizing the mean squared error E[ek2] with respect to the taps. The theoretical expression for the optimum taps involves exact knowledge of the correlation properties of the NTSC interference which are obviously not available to the receiver. Hence an adaptive algorithm is used to update the taps in the adaptive filter circuit 43 which minimizes the mean squared error. Although it should be noted that other adaptive algorithms besides the LMS algorithm may be used to adjust the taps. The LMS algorithm for this adaptive filter is thus given by the following update recursion for the taps:
gn+1 = gn + 2 ~lenrn where n denotes the iteration number, a denotes the step size of the algorithm, g is the vector of filter taps [g1. g2. - . . . gig] T and r is the vector of received symbols [rk-o-1, rk-o-2. . . . , rk-D-Lg] T used to form the estimate ik .
(See widrow and Steams, "Adaptive Signal Processing", at pages 99-116). Simulation results with the color bar signal show that this algorithm converges in about 1000 iterations to the optimum tap values. The minimum mean squared error obtained with a 100 tap filter when there is no noise and the DUR, desired to undesired ratio, which is the ratio of the power of the desired (digital signal) to the undesired (NTSC interference signals) is 0 dB, results in a DUR of 8.66 dB in the output signal, i.e. the adaptive filter has succeeded in attenuating the NTSC co-channel interference by 8.66 dB. At the same time, since the adaptive filter is wo 9eizisoa g 218 4 3 9 3 P
basically a predictor, it can be shown that the prediction error is a white process, (see Widrow and Steams), hence there is no noise coloration.
From the above discussion we see that the adaptive filter becomes matched to the NTSC spectrum ~blindly~ i.e. no reference NTSC co-channel signal or reference data stream is required for adaptation.
Fig. 5B is a more detailed diagram of the adaptive filter 43. A plurality of delay line segments D" DZ...Du form a tapped delay line. Each of the delay line segments D,, D2... D~ are coupled at points 30, 31...32 to a respective multiplier 33, 34,..35 having respective tap coefficients g,, g2...g~. Outputs of the multiplexer 33, 34, ... 35 are applied to a summer 36.
As explained above, since the IdTSC co-channel interference is initially unknown, an adaptive algorithm must be used to adjust the value of the multiplier taps g,, g2...g,~. By selecting the adjustable multiplier taps g,, gZ...g,~ to minimize the mean squared error as explained above, it can be shown that the minimum of the mean squared error will occur when the adjustable multiplier taps g" g2...g~ are tuned to the carriers of the NTSC
co-channel interference. That is, when the frequency response of the adaptive filter 43 defined by the adjustable multiplier taps g,, g2...gu matches the frequency response of the NTSC co-channel interference the mean squared error will be minimized.
Fig. 6 shows a second embodiment of this invention which includes a DFE 50 and the filter 40. The DFE includes a forward filter 55, a feedback filter 51, a sliver 52, and subtractors 53 and 54. The DFE 50 removes multipaths such as pre-echoes or ghosts. If the DFE 50 is subject to NTSC interference the taps of the feedback filter 51 become quite large which increases error propagation. That is, if an error is made in determining the symbol a,~
at the output of sliver 52, this incorrect symbol is fed back to the input of the filter 51 and into future tap coefficients of the forward filter 55 and the feedback filter 51. If the delay 42 is set to a delay period which is less than the number of taps in the feedback filter 51 then the DFE 50 will treat the estimated NTSC co-channel interference it, received from filter 40, as a multipath and attempt to cancel it, which is not wanted. Because the number of multipaths the DFE 50 can cancel is related to the number of taps in the feedback filter 51, that is the DFE 50 can only cancel at most Lb multipaths, by setting the delay D equal to Lb the DFE will not attempt to cancel this multipath. Thus, the error propagation through the DFE is reduced.
The embodiment shown in Fig. 6 uses a finite length (FIR) transversal feedback filter 51 for combatting intersymbol interference. The feed forward path uses a forward (FIR) filter 55, for cancelling ghosts and a sliver 62 for quantizing the received signal to the nearest symbol ak. General filter operation is explained 5 in U.S. Patent No. 5,031,194. The delay length D of the adaptive filter 40 is set to the number of taps Lb of the feedback filter 51. The taps of the feedback filter 51 and the forward filter 55 are set by the error e'k produced by subtractor 54 using the LMS algorithm. The estimated NTSC
10 portion of the received signal ik, estimated by the adaptive filter, is subtracted from the forward filtered received signal Fk. The intersymbol error from the feedback filter 51 is also subtracted from the forward filtered received signal rk. The result of this subtraction is quantized to the nearest symbol and produced at the output of sliver 52 as ik, which is an estimate of ak. The input of sliver 62~is then sent to the trellis decoder (not shown).
The first DFE structure, shown in Fig. 6, uses the error ek to adjust the taps gl...gLg of the adaptive filter 43 and the symbol error e'k to adjust the filter taps fo...fLf-1 for the forward filter 55 and the taps bl...bLb for the feedback filter 51. A second DFE structure, shown in Fig. 7 and corresponding for the embodiment of Fig. 6 except as indicated below uses the error e'k to adjust all the coefficients, i.e. those of the adaptive filter 43 as well as those of the forward filter 55 and the feedback filter 51. The subtracter 41 of Fig. 6 is omitted from Fig. 7.
The drawback with the second approach shown in Fig. 7 is that the filter adaptation becomes dependent on the training sequence for initialization. In both cases, the delay D is set greater than or equal to Lb, the number of taps in feedback filter 51. This prevents the feedback filter portion of the DFE from cancelling the effect of g and hence 10a leading to error propagation. However if multipath is present, the feedback portion helps equalize it. Setting D
equal to the number of symbols in one NTSC line will provide the best performance since the correlation between lines is very high. Thus this structure enables the use of the DFE
for equalization alone and does not contribute to error propagation when co-channel interference is present.
Fig. 8 is a block diagram of a television receiver in accordance with the invention. The received signal is IF
filtered by an IF filter and synchronous detector 81 and then adaptively filtered by a filter 83 to remove the NTSC
co-channel interference. The trellis decoder 85 then removes the AWGN nk which leaves only the digital signal to be displayed on the display 87.
As can be readily appreciated, the invention provides a method and apparatus VVO 96f21304 11 2 1 8 4 3 9 3 P~~95101133 for quickly and simply removing signal interference from a digital signal.
It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, and those made apparent from the preceding description are efficiently obtained and, since certain changes may be made in the above construction without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. A
primary aspect of the invention can be summarized as follows. A device and method for removing signal interference from a digital signal by using an adaptive filter which tunes to the periodic components of the interfering signal. The ou~ut of the adaptive filter is then subtracted from the received signal to produce an error signal. This error signal is then used to recursively update the taps of the adaptive filter. The invention also relates to the use of the adaptive filter in conjunction with a DFE.
It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all the generic and specific features of the invention herein described, and all statements of the scope of the invention, which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall therebetween.
The invention can be implemented by means of dedicated hardware elements and by means of a processor or several processors controlled by suitable software.
rejection filter (comb filter) is illustrated. Received symbols rk are applied to a first branch 10 comprising a comb-filter 8, 9 which applies 15 level symbols + noise +
interference to a partial response trellis decoder 11, and to a second branch 20 in which 8 level symbols + noise +
interference are applied to an optimal trellis decoder 12. A
switch 13 supplies output data from the first branch 10 or the second branch 20. The comb filter 8, 9 is switched into use when NTSC interference is present in the digital signal, otherwise the comb filter 8, 9 is not used. This provides significant improvement in the performance of the digital signal when a conventional television signal, e.g. NTSC, is broadcast on a co-channel. A general description of a comb filter can be found in Pohlmann "Principles of Digital Audio", 2nd ed. 1991.
The comb filter 8, 9 in the prior art is treated as a partial response channel in cascade with a trellis coder, for the case when co-channel conventional television interference is present. An optimum partial response trellis decoder 11 can then be developed which uses Viterbi decoding on an expanded trellis, the states of which correspond to the cascade of the states of the comb-filter and the trellis coder as described in "Principles of Digital Communication and Coding" by Andrew J. Viterbi and Jim K. Omura, 1979 specifically at pages 227-300. The number of states in the trellis becomes increasingly large as the number of delays in the comb filter increase. Accordingly, the trellis coded 8VSB system, which uses a comb filter 8, 9 with a delay 8 of 12 symbols, has an extremely large number of trellis states and also suffers from the problems associated with additive noise.
~ CA 02184393 2005-09-14 To simplify their design, Zenith converts the MPEG
coded and RS (Reed-Solomon) coded and interleaved data-stream from serial to parallel, then uses twelve parallel trellis encoders followed by a parallel to serial converter 5 at the transmitter. Thus now the trellis decoder 11 for the case when the comb filter 8, 9 is used, implements Viterbi decoding on a trellis with the number of states equal to two or four times the number of states of the trellis encoder.
The problems associated with additive noise still occur and in fact cause the trellis decoder to work improperly.
When the co-channel conventional television interference is absent, the comb filter 8, 9 is not switched into use and the Viterbi decoding is implemented by means of an optimal trellis decoder 12 on a trellis with the number of states equal to the number of states of the trellis encoder. This is possible since, with the Zenith approach, pre-coding is not used in the transmitter. The choice between the path 10, afforded by simple trellis decoding 12, or of the path 20, which employs the comb filter 8, 9 and the expanded trellis 12 at the receiver, is decided by the measured error-rate of the periodically sent data field sync symbols at the outputs of the post comb and with no post comb. Thus, when there is NTSC interference the comb filter path 20 will be chosen which increases the number of states of the trellis decoder. The switching between the use of a comb filter 8, 9 in the receiver or not, suggested by Zenith, is cumbersome. In addition a significant number of computations must be performed to determine whether the comb filter should be used or not. Also the use of the comb filter requires 12 parallel encoders and correspondingly 12 parallel decoders which is also very cumbersome.
Another problem associated with the present comb filters is that when both NTSC co-channel interference and . CA 02184393 2005-09-14 5a added white gaussian noise (AWGN) are present the performance of the comb filter degrades dramatically. This is because the AWGN, after passing through the comb filter, does not remain white, but gets "colored", that is, the noise samples are no longer independent of each other. This "colored" noise affects the performance of the trellis decoder which is optimized for performance in an AWGN
channel. Since the co-channel conventional television interference is maximum at the fringe area 3 in Fig. 1, where the signal power is small and hence the AWGN is large, this "coloring" of the AWGN is indeed a scenario which must be taken into account.
The use of a comb filter for NTSC rejection also requires that the ATV spectrum be shifted 45.8 kHz with respect to the NTSC spectrum in order to align the nulls of the comb filter with the picture and color carriers as described in "VSB Transmission System: Technical Details", at page 15. This causes the digital spectrum to spill over into the adjacent 6 MHz channel which is undesirable for adjacent channel rejection.
A problem similar to co-channel interference occurs when a digital signal is transmitted through cable in a new channel next to existing analog channels. Intermodulation products are one of the most important distortion types on cable, so that maximum number of channels that can be put on cable is most times limited by the occurrence of intermodulation products. When a digital signal is transmitted through a cable, the non-intermodulation-product-disturbed channels of which are already fully occupied by existing (analog) channels, the new channel for the digital signal will be subject to intermodulation product interference. Another source of disturbing signal interference may be caused by a single carrier signal. Put 5b more generally, the problem to be solved is caused by signal interference.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Generally speaking, it is an object of the present invention to reduce signal interference disturbing the transmission of digital signals.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of removing co-channel interference from a digital signal, comprising the steps of:
receiving the digital signal which includes a plurality of symbols, noise and co-channel interference; delaying the received digital signal; adaptively filtering the delayed signal using a feed forward adaptive filter having a plurality of adjustable taps; subtracting the adaptively filtered signal from the received digital signal and producing a first error signal; and recursively using the first error signal to adjust the taps of the adaptive filter to minimize the mean squared error of the error signal such that the adaptive filter becomes tuned to the co-channel interference.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a filtering system for removing co-channel interference from a digital signal, comprising:
means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, the co-channel interference and noise; means for delaying the received digital signal;
feed forward adaptive filter means for adaptively filtering the delayed signal and including a plurality of adjustable taps; means for subtracting the adaptively filtered signal from the received digital signal and for producing an error signal, and means for recursively adjusting the taps of the forward adaptive filter means by using the error signal 5c while minimizing the mean squared error of the error signal, such that the forward adaptive filter means becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of removing co-channel interference from a digital signal, comprising the steps of:
receiving the digital signal which includes a plurality of symbols, noise and co-channel interference; delaying the received digital signal; adaptively filtering the delayed signal using a feed forward adaptive filter having a plurality of adjustable taps; and recursively adjusting the taps of the forward adaptive filter in accordance with an adaptive algorithm such that the forward adaptive filter becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference; and subtracting the estimate of the co-channel interference from the received digital signal.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a filtering system for removing co-channel interference from a digital signal, comprising:
means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, the co-channel interference and noise; means for delaying the received digital signal;
feed forward adaptive filter means including a plurality of adjustable taps for adaptively filtering the delayed signal;
means for recursively adjusting the taps of the forward adaptive filter means in accordance with an adaptive algorithm such that forward the adaptive filter means becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference; and first subtracting means for subtracting the estimate of the co-5d channel interference from the received digital signal to produce a first error signal.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of removing co-channel interference from a digital signal, comprising the steps of receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, noise and co-channel interference;
delaying the received digital signal; adaptively filtering the delayed signal using a adaptive filter having a plurality of adjustable taps; forward filtering the received digital signal using a forward filter with a plurality of adjustable taps; subtracting the adaptively filtered signal from the forward filtered signal and producing a first signal; quantizing the first signal; feedback filtering the quantized signal using a feedback filter with a plurality of adjustable taps; subtracting the filtered quantized signal from the first signal and producing an error signal; and adjusting the adjustable taps of the adaptive filter by using the error signal and an adaptive algorithm such that the adaptive filter becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference.
According to yet a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a filtering system for removing co-channel interference from a digital signal, comprising:
means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, noise and co-channel interference; means for delaying the received digital signal; adaptive filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for adaptively filtering the delayed signal;
forward filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for forward filtering the received digital signal; first subtracting means for subtracting the adaptively filtered ~ CA 02184393 2005-09-14 5e signal from the forward filtered signal and producing a first signal; means for quantizing the first signal;
feedback filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for feedback filtering the quantized signal; second subtracting means for subtracting the filtered quantized signal from the first signal and producing an error signal;
and adjusting means for adjusting the adjustable taps of the adaptive filter by using the error signal and an adaptive algorithm such that the adaptive filter becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference.
According to still a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a television receiver including a filtering system for removing interference from a digital signal, the filtering system comprising: means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, the co-channel interference and noise;
means for delaying the received digital signal; feed forward adaptive filter means including a plurality of adjustable taps for adaptively filtering the delayed signal; means for recursively adjusting the taps of the forward adaptive filter means in accordance with an adaptive algorithm such that the forward adaptive filter means becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference; and first subtracting means for subtracting the estimate of the co-channel interference from the received digital signal.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a television receiver including a filtering system for removing interference from a digital signal, the filtering system comprising: means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, the co-channel interference and noise;
~ CA 02184393 2005-09-14 5f means for delaying the received digital signal; feed forward adaptive filter means for adaptively filtering the delayed signal and including a plurality of adjustable taps; means for subtracting the adaptively filtered signal from the received digital signal and for producing an error signal;
and means for recursively adjusting the taps of the forward adaptive filter means by using the error signal while minimizing the mean squared error of the error signal, such that the forward adaptive filter means becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a television receiver including a filtering system for removing conventional television signal interference from a digital signal the following system comprising: means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, noise and co-channel conventional television signal interference;
means for delaying the received digital signal; adaptive filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for adaptively filtering the delayed signal; forward filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for forward filtering the received digital signal; first subtracting means for subtracting the adaptively filtered signal from the forward filtered signal and producing a first signal;
means for quantizing the first signal; feedback filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for feedback filtering the quantized first signal; second subtracting means for subtracting the quantized first signal from the first signal and producing an error signal; and adjusting means for adjusting the adjustable taps of the adaptive filter by using the error signal and an adaptive algorithm such that the adaptive filter becomes tuned to the co-channel 5g conventional television signal interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel conventional television signal interference.
The dependent claims define advantageous embodiments.
Embodiments of the invention provide an adaptive filter which can dynamically adapt itself to the NTSC
spectrum and hence pick out the NTSC interference which is then removed from a received digital signal without the need for a comb filter.
In one embodiment, the received input signal r is delayed and then applied to an adaptive filter. The output of the adaptive filter is subtracted from the received signal r. The result of this subtraction, "the error", is used to adjust the taps of the adaptive filter. By minimizing "the error" the adaptive filter becomes tuned to the carriers of the NTSC signal. The NTSC signal is then subtracted from the received signal r leaving only the unpredictable components ("the error") of the received signal. This "error" includes the digital signal and the AWGN and can now be easily processed by simple trellis decoding without the need for a comb filter. In one embodiment, the adaptive filter is provided with filter taps which are automatically adjustable for tuning into the periodic components of the NTSC signal without having to use the NTSC signal as a reference signal. In a preferred embodiment, the adaptive filter is a feedforward filter.
In another embodiment of the invention, the invention incorporates a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) using a finite impulse response filter in the feedback path for combatting intersymbol interference. A forward filter is also provided which removes the pre-echo or ghosts in the 5h received signals. If a DFE is used without any adaptive filter and there is strong NTSC interference in the received signal the taps of the feedback filter become very large which causes an increase in error propagation in the DFE, decreasing the DFE's expected performance of cancelling out the multipaths.
If, however, the adaptive filter is used in conjunction with the DFE, the DFE will try to cancel the signal from the adaptive filter as the DFE believes the signal from the adaptive filter is a multipath which again causes an increase in error propagation. A DFE, however, can only cancel multipaths up to the number of taps in the feedback filter.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a DFE in conjunction wo 96121304 218 4 3 9 3 6 p~'IIB95I01133 with an adaptive filter such that the DFE will not cancel the signal from the adaptive filter as a multipath. This is achieved by setting the delay D of the adaptive filter such that it is greater than the number of taps in the feedback filter. In this way the DFE
will not attempt to cancel the "multipath" it sees from the adaptive filter, thus the DFE
effectively removes ghosts yet error propagation of the DFE is not increased and the NTSC signals are removed by the adaptive filter.
In this embodiment, which includes the DFE, the NTSC signal estimate ik, is subtracted from the output of the forward filter. The output of the feedback filter is also subtracted from the output of the forward filter. A dicer is provided for quantizing the signal to the nearest symbol. The subtractor compares the input of the slicer to the output of the dicer and provides an error signal e'1 which is used to set the taps of the forward filter and the feedback filter by using an adaptive algorithm. The DFE, at all times, is trying to minimize the error e'1.
Another object of this invention is to avoid the use of the comb filter in the receiver to remove NTSC interference transmitted on a co-channel from a digital signal.
Yet a further object of the invention is to improve the AWGN performance of the trellis encoder/decoder in an ATV receiver when co-channel television interference is not present. This is achieved by not having to use a comb filter which limits the number of states of the trellis encoder due to the fact the Viterbi decoder on a comb filter path must operate on a trellis with at least double the number of states of the trellis encoder.
Yet another object of the invention is to do away with the 45.8kHz frequency offset required with the use of a comb filter.
These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a diagram of an area experiencing co-channel interference;
Fig. 2 shows an example of the frequency spectrum of an NTSC co-channel signal and a comb filter response having nulls at the carriers of the NTSC co-channel;
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a comb filter;
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the prior art which shows the paths of a received signal if the signal contains NTSC interference and if not in a television receiver;
Fig. 5A is a diagram of an adaptive filter for NTSC co-channel interference cancellation in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 5B is a more detailed diagram of the adaptive filter 43 shown in Fig. 5A;
Figs. 6 and 7 are diagrams of an adaptive filter in conjunction with a DFE in accordance with the invention; and Fig. 8 is a diagram of the components of a television receiver including an adaptive filter.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Fig. 5A generally indicates at 40 the basic structure of an adaptive filter for signal interference cancellation ("the filter 40"). While in the following, NTSC co-channel interference is mentioned as an example, the filter 40 is able to remove other interference signals, such as intermodulation product interference. The filter 40 includes a delay element 42, an adaptive filter circuit 43 with adjustable taps gl...gLg, and a subtractor circuit 41.
The input to filter 40 is the sequence rk which includes the transmitted symbol sequence ak of a digital signal, the NTSC
co-channel interference ik and the AWGN nk. The output of the adaptive filter 40 is ek, which is the "error" signal formed by subtracting ik, which is an estimate of ik, from rk. This "error" signal ek therefore includes the digital signal ak plus the AWGN nk. The filter 40 is provided for "tuning" to the carriers or periodic components of the NTSC
co-channel interference ik which carriers are then estimated and subtracted in subtraction circuit 41 from the received signal rk. The output of subtractor circuit 41 is the non-periodic components of the received signal rk, which is the original digital signal ak plus the additive AWGN nk. The output ek is then sent to a trellis decoder which is adapted to easily remove the AWGN nk.
The filter 40 is able to remove the NTSC
co-channel interference because the received signal rk is first passed through a delay element 42 having a delay of D
symbols. This delay is chosen sufficiently large so as to decorrelate the broadband component of rk which is ak + nk.
Usually such an adaptive filter requires a reference signal such as the actual NTSC signal being transmitted on the co-channel which is used to generate an error which error is then minimized by tuning the filter taps by the LMS (Least mean squares) algorithm. In the present case such a reference signal is not needed, and usually not available.
As long as the delay D is chosen of sufficient length to decorrelate the broad band noise, the actual NTSC signal transmitted on the co-channel is not needed. The NTSC
component, because of the periodic nature of its carriers, will remain correlated. The predictable NTSC component is removed from the received signal leaving only the unpredictable component ak + nk at the output.
When there is no multipath, D can be set to 1 since both the signal and noise components are white. The situation with multipath will be discussed later. Following the delay D is the adaptive filter circuit 43 with adjustable taps [g1, g2, . . . , glg] , which are shown more clearly in Fig. 5B. The output of the adaptive filter circuit 43, denoted by ik, is given by:
Lg 1k ~ g1 rk-D-1 1=1 As explained above, the error signal ek, which is representative of the digital signal in conjunction with the ~ CA 02184393 2005-09-14 8a AWGN nk is formed by subtracting the NTSC co-channel interference estimate ik from rk i.e.
ek=rk-ik The filter taps [g1, g2, . . . , glg] are then obtained by minimizing the mean squared error E[ek2] with respect to the taps. The theoretical expression for the optimum taps involves exact knowledge of the correlation properties of the NTSC interference which are obviously not available to the receiver. Hence an adaptive algorithm is used to update the taps in the adaptive filter circuit 43 which minimizes the mean squared error. Although it should be noted that other adaptive algorithms besides the LMS algorithm may be used to adjust the taps. The LMS algorithm for this adaptive filter is thus given by the following update recursion for the taps:
gn+1 = gn + 2 ~lenrn where n denotes the iteration number, a denotes the step size of the algorithm, g is the vector of filter taps [g1. g2. - . . . gig] T and r is the vector of received symbols [rk-o-1, rk-o-2. . . . , rk-D-Lg] T used to form the estimate ik .
(See widrow and Steams, "Adaptive Signal Processing", at pages 99-116). Simulation results with the color bar signal show that this algorithm converges in about 1000 iterations to the optimum tap values. The minimum mean squared error obtained with a 100 tap filter when there is no noise and the DUR, desired to undesired ratio, which is the ratio of the power of the desired (digital signal) to the undesired (NTSC interference signals) is 0 dB, results in a DUR of 8.66 dB in the output signal, i.e. the adaptive filter has succeeded in attenuating the NTSC co-channel interference by 8.66 dB. At the same time, since the adaptive filter is wo 9eizisoa g 218 4 3 9 3 P
basically a predictor, it can be shown that the prediction error is a white process, (see Widrow and Steams), hence there is no noise coloration.
From the above discussion we see that the adaptive filter becomes matched to the NTSC spectrum ~blindly~ i.e. no reference NTSC co-channel signal or reference data stream is required for adaptation.
Fig. 5B is a more detailed diagram of the adaptive filter 43. A plurality of delay line segments D" DZ...Du form a tapped delay line. Each of the delay line segments D,, D2... D~ are coupled at points 30, 31...32 to a respective multiplier 33, 34,..35 having respective tap coefficients g,, g2...g~. Outputs of the multiplexer 33, 34, ... 35 are applied to a summer 36.
As explained above, since the IdTSC co-channel interference is initially unknown, an adaptive algorithm must be used to adjust the value of the multiplier taps g,, g2...g,~. By selecting the adjustable multiplier taps g,, gZ...g,~ to minimize the mean squared error as explained above, it can be shown that the minimum of the mean squared error will occur when the adjustable multiplier taps g" g2...g~ are tuned to the carriers of the NTSC
co-channel interference. That is, when the frequency response of the adaptive filter 43 defined by the adjustable multiplier taps g,, g2...gu matches the frequency response of the NTSC co-channel interference the mean squared error will be minimized.
Fig. 6 shows a second embodiment of this invention which includes a DFE 50 and the filter 40. The DFE includes a forward filter 55, a feedback filter 51, a sliver 52, and subtractors 53 and 54. The DFE 50 removes multipaths such as pre-echoes or ghosts. If the DFE 50 is subject to NTSC interference the taps of the feedback filter 51 become quite large which increases error propagation. That is, if an error is made in determining the symbol a,~
at the output of sliver 52, this incorrect symbol is fed back to the input of the filter 51 and into future tap coefficients of the forward filter 55 and the feedback filter 51. If the delay 42 is set to a delay period which is less than the number of taps in the feedback filter 51 then the DFE 50 will treat the estimated NTSC co-channel interference it, received from filter 40, as a multipath and attempt to cancel it, which is not wanted. Because the number of multipaths the DFE 50 can cancel is related to the number of taps in the feedback filter 51, that is the DFE 50 can only cancel at most Lb multipaths, by setting the delay D equal to Lb the DFE will not attempt to cancel this multipath. Thus, the error propagation through the DFE is reduced.
The embodiment shown in Fig. 6 uses a finite length (FIR) transversal feedback filter 51 for combatting intersymbol interference. The feed forward path uses a forward (FIR) filter 55, for cancelling ghosts and a sliver 62 for quantizing the received signal to the nearest symbol ak. General filter operation is explained 5 in U.S. Patent No. 5,031,194. The delay length D of the adaptive filter 40 is set to the number of taps Lb of the feedback filter 51. The taps of the feedback filter 51 and the forward filter 55 are set by the error e'k produced by subtractor 54 using the LMS algorithm. The estimated NTSC
10 portion of the received signal ik, estimated by the adaptive filter, is subtracted from the forward filtered received signal Fk. The intersymbol error from the feedback filter 51 is also subtracted from the forward filtered received signal rk. The result of this subtraction is quantized to the nearest symbol and produced at the output of sliver 52 as ik, which is an estimate of ak. The input of sliver 62~is then sent to the trellis decoder (not shown).
The first DFE structure, shown in Fig. 6, uses the error ek to adjust the taps gl...gLg of the adaptive filter 43 and the symbol error e'k to adjust the filter taps fo...fLf-1 for the forward filter 55 and the taps bl...bLb for the feedback filter 51. A second DFE structure, shown in Fig. 7 and corresponding for the embodiment of Fig. 6 except as indicated below uses the error e'k to adjust all the coefficients, i.e. those of the adaptive filter 43 as well as those of the forward filter 55 and the feedback filter 51. The subtracter 41 of Fig. 6 is omitted from Fig. 7.
The drawback with the second approach shown in Fig. 7 is that the filter adaptation becomes dependent on the training sequence for initialization. In both cases, the delay D is set greater than or equal to Lb, the number of taps in feedback filter 51. This prevents the feedback filter portion of the DFE from cancelling the effect of g and hence 10a leading to error propagation. However if multipath is present, the feedback portion helps equalize it. Setting D
equal to the number of symbols in one NTSC line will provide the best performance since the correlation between lines is very high. Thus this structure enables the use of the DFE
for equalization alone and does not contribute to error propagation when co-channel interference is present.
Fig. 8 is a block diagram of a television receiver in accordance with the invention. The received signal is IF
filtered by an IF filter and synchronous detector 81 and then adaptively filtered by a filter 83 to remove the NTSC
co-channel interference. The trellis decoder 85 then removes the AWGN nk which leaves only the digital signal to be displayed on the display 87.
As can be readily appreciated, the invention provides a method and apparatus VVO 96f21304 11 2 1 8 4 3 9 3 P~~95101133 for quickly and simply removing signal interference from a digital signal.
It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, and those made apparent from the preceding description are efficiently obtained and, since certain changes may be made in the above construction without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. A
primary aspect of the invention can be summarized as follows. A device and method for removing signal interference from a digital signal by using an adaptive filter which tunes to the periodic components of the interfering signal. The ou~ut of the adaptive filter is then subtracted from the received signal to produce an error signal. This error signal is then used to recursively update the taps of the adaptive filter. The invention also relates to the use of the adaptive filter in conjunction with a DFE.
It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all the generic and specific features of the invention herein described, and all statements of the scope of the invention, which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall therebetween.
The invention can be implemented by means of dedicated hardware elements and by means of a processor or several processors controlled by suitable software.
Claims (27)
1. A method of removing co-channel interference from a digital signal, comprising the steps of:
receiving the digital signal which includes a plurality of symbols, noise and co-channel interference;
delaying the received digital signal;
adaptively filtering the delayed signal using a feed forward adaptive filter having a plurality of adjustable taps;
subtracting the adaptively filtered signal from the received digital signal and producing a first error signal; and recursively using the first error signal to adjust the taps of the adaptive filter to minimize the mean squared error of the error signal such that the adaptive filter becomes tuned to the co-channel interference.
receiving the digital signal which includes a plurality of symbols, noise and co-channel interference;
delaying the received digital signal;
adaptively filtering the delayed signal using a feed forward adaptive filter having a plurality of adjustable taps;
subtracting the adaptively filtered signal from the received digital signal and producing a first error signal; and recursively using the first error signal to adjust the taps of the adaptive filter to minimize the mean squared error of the error signal such that the adaptive filter becomes tuned to the co-channel interference.
2. The method in accordance with claim 1 wherein g...g Lg represent the adjustable forward adaptive filter taps and the step of adjusting the taps is performed by determining the value of the adjustable forward adaptive filter taps in accordance with the following update recursion g n+1 = g n + 2ue n r n wherein g is a vector of the adjustable forward adaptive filter taps, u denotes the step size of the LMS (Least Mean Squares) algorithm, e is the error signal, r is a vector of the received digital signal and n refers to the iteration value.
3. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the step of adaptively filtering produces an output defined as where i k is an estimate of the co-channel interference, Lg is the number of adjustable taps, g l represents each adjustable filter tap, r is the received digital signal, k represents a particular symbol of the received digital signal and D is the delay length.
4. The method in accordance with claim 1, further including the step of decision feedback equalizing the received digital signal.
5. The method in accordance with claim 4, wherein the step of decision feedback equalizing includes the steps of forward filtering the received digital signal using a forward filter having a plurality of filter taps;
subtracting an estimate of the co-channel interference from the forward filtered signal and producing a first signal;
quantizing the first signal to remove intersymbol interference;
feedback filtering the quantized signal using a feedback filter having a plurality of filter taps; and subtracting the feedback filtered signal from the first signal.
subtracting an estimate of the co-channel interference from the forward filtered signal and producing a first signal;
quantizing the first signal to remove intersymbol interference;
feedback filtering the quantized signal using a feedback filter having a plurality of filter taps; and subtracting the feedback filtered signal from the first signal.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step of delaying delays the received signal by a number of symbols at least equal to the number of taps of the feedback filter.
7. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step of quantizing includes the step of subtracting the quantized signal from the first signal to produce a second error signal.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, further including the step of adjusting the taps of the forward filter and the feedback filter by using the second error signal.
9. A filtering system for removing co-channel interference from a digital signal, comprising:
means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, the co-channel interference and noise;
means for delaying the received digital signal;
feed forward adaptive filter means for adaptively filtering the delayed signal and including a plurality of adjustable taps;
means for subtracting the adaptively filtered signal from the received digital signal and for producing an error signal, and means for recursively adjusting the taps of the forward adaptive filter means by using the error signal while minimizing the mean squared error of the error signal, such that the forward adaptive filter means becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference.
means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, the co-channel interference and noise;
means for delaying the received digital signal;
feed forward adaptive filter means for adaptively filtering the delayed signal and including a plurality of adjustable taps;
means for subtracting the adaptively filtered signal from the received digital signal and for producing an error signal, and means for recursively adjusting the taps of the forward adaptive filter means by using the error signal while minimizing the mean squared error of the error signal, such that the forward adaptive filter means becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference.
10. The filtering system in accordance with claim 9, further including a decision feedback equalizer for removing ghosts from the received digital signal.
11. The filtering system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the delay means delays the received digital signal by a number of symbols which at least equals the number of taps of the forward adaptive filter means.
12. A method of removing co-channel interference from a digital signal, comprising the steps of:
receiving the digital signal which includes a plurality of symbols, noise and co-channel interference;
delaying the received digital signal;
adaptively filtering the delayed signal using a feed forward adaptive filter having a plurality of adjustable taps; and recursively adjusting the taps of the forward adaptive filter in accordance with an adaptive algorithm such that the forward adaptive filter becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference; and subtracting the estimate of the co-channel interference from the received digital signal.
receiving the digital signal which includes a plurality of symbols, noise and co-channel interference;
delaying the received digital signal;
adaptively filtering the delayed signal using a feed forward adaptive filter having a plurality of adjustable taps; and recursively adjusting the taps of the forward adaptive filter in accordance with an adaptive algorithm such that the forward adaptive filter becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference; and subtracting the estimate of the co-channel interference from the received digital signal.
13. The method in accordance with claim 12, further including the step of decision feedback equalizing the received digital signal.
14. A filtering system for removing co-channel interference from a digital signal, comprising:
means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, the co-channel interference and noise;
means for delaying the received digital signal;
feed forward adaptive filter means including a plurality of adjustable taps for adaptively filtering the delayed signal;
means for recursively adjusting the taps of the forward adaptive filter means in accordance with an adaptive algorithm such that forward the adaptive filter means becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference; and first subtracting means for subtracting the estimate of the co-channel interference from the received digital signal to produce a first error signal.
means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, the co-channel interference and noise;
means for delaying the received digital signal;
feed forward adaptive filter means including a plurality of adjustable taps for adaptively filtering the delayed signal;
means for recursively adjusting the taps of the forward adaptive filter means in accordance with an adaptive algorithm such that forward the adaptive filter means becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference; and first subtracting means for subtracting the estimate of the co-channel interference from the received digital signal to produce a first error signal.
15. The filtering system in accordance with claim 14, further including a decision feedback equalizer for removing ghosts from the received signal.
16. The filtering system as claimed in claim 15, wherein the delay means delays the received signal by a number of symbols which at least equals the number of taps of the forward adaptive filter means.
17. The filtering system in accordance with claim 15, wherein the decision feedback equalizer includes forward filtering means having a plurality of taps for forward filtering the received digital signal;
second subtracting means for subtracting the estimate of the co-channel interference from the forward filtered signal and producing a first signal;
quantizing means for quantizing the first signal to remove intersymbol interference;
feedback filtering means having a plurality of taps for feedback filtering the quantized signal; and wherein said second subtracting means also subtracts the feedback filtered signal from the forward filtered signal before producing the first signal.
second subtracting means for subtracting the estimate of the co-channel interference from the forward filtered signal and producing a first signal;
quantizing means for quantizing the first signal to remove intersymbol interference;
feedback filtering means having a plurality of taps for feedback filtering the quantized signal; and wherein said second subtracting means also subtracts the feedback filtered signal from the forward filtered signal before producing the first signal.
18. The filtering system as claimed in claim 17, further including a third subtracting means for subtracting the quantized signal from the first signal to produce a second error signal.
19. The filtering system as claimed in claim 18, further including means for adjusting the taps of the forward filtering means and the feedback filtering means by using an adaptive algorithm.
20. The filtering system as claimed in claim 18, further including means for adjusting the taps of the forward filtering means and the feedback filtering means by using an LMS algorithm which is dependent upon the second error signal.
21. A method of removing co-channel interference from a digital signal, comprising the steps of receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, noise and co-channel interference;
delaying the received digital signal;
adaptively filtering the delayed signal using a adaptive filter having a plurality of adjustable taps;
forward filtering the received digital signal using a forward filter with a plurality of adjustable taps;
subtracting the adaptively filtered signal from the forward filtered signal and producing a first signal;
quantizing the first signal;
feedback filtering the quantized signal using a feedback filter with a plurality of adjustable taps;
subtracting the filtered quantized signal from the first signal and producing an error signal; and adjusting the adjustable taps of the adaptive filter by using the error signal and an adaptive algorithm such that the adaptive filter becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference.
delaying the received digital signal;
adaptively filtering the delayed signal using a adaptive filter having a plurality of adjustable taps;
forward filtering the received digital signal using a forward filter with a plurality of adjustable taps;
subtracting the adaptively filtered signal from the forward filtered signal and producing a first signal;
quantizing the first signal;
feedback filtering the quantized signal using a feedback filter with a plurality of adjustable taps;
subtracting the filtered quantized signal from the first signal and producing an error signal; and adjusting the adjustable taps of the adaptive filter by using the error signal and an adaptive algorithm such that the adaptive filter becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference.
22. The method in accordance with claim 21, wherein the step of adjusting further includes the step of adjusting the taps of the forward and feedback filter using the error signal and the adaptive algorithm.
23. A filtering system for removing co-channel interference from a digital signal, comprising:
means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, noise and co-channel interference;
means for delaying the received digital signal;
adaptive filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for adaptively filtering the delayed signal;
forward filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for forward filtering the received digital signal;
first subtracting means for subtracting the adaptively filtered signal from the forward filtered signal and producing a first signal;
means for quantizing the first signal;
feedback filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for feedback filtering the quantized signal;
second subtracting means for subtracting the filtered quantized signal from the first signal and producing an error signal; and adjusting means for adjusting the adjustable taps of the adaptive filter by using the error signal and an adaptive algorithm such that the adaptive filter becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference.
means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, noise and co-channel interference;
means for delaying the received digital signal;
adaptive filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for adaptively filtering the delayed signal;
forward filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for forward filtering the received digital signal;
first subtracting means for subtracting the adaptively filtered signal from the forward filtered signal and producing a first signal;
means for quantizing the first signal;
feedback filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for feedback filtering the quantized signal;
second subtracting means for subtracting the filtered quantized signal from the first signal and producing an error signal; and adjusting means for adjusting the adjustable taps of the adaptive filter by using the error signal and an adaptive algorithm such that the adaptive filter becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference.
24. The filtering system in accordance with claim 23, wherein the adjusting means includes means for adjusting the taps of the forward and feedback filters using the error signal and the adaptive algorithm.
25. A television receiver including a filtering system for removing interference from a digital signal, the filtering system comprising:
means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, the co-channel interference and noise;
means for delaying the received digital signal;
feed forward adaptive filter means including a plurality of adjustable taps for adaptively filtering the delayed signal;
means for recursively adjusting the taps of the forward adaptive filter means in accordance with an adaptive algorithm such that the forward adaptive filter means becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference; and first subtracting means for subtracting the estimate of the co-channel interference from the received digital signal.
means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, the co-channel interference and noise;
means for delaying the received digital signal;
feed forward adaptive filter means including a plurality of adjustable taps for adaptively filtering the delayed signal;
means for recursively adjusting the taps of the forward adaptive filter means in accordance with an adaptive algorithm such that the forward adaptive filter means becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference; and first subtracting means for subtracting the estimate of the co-channel interference from the received digital signal.
26. A television receiver including a filtering system for removing interference from a digital signal, the filtering system comprising:
means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, the co-channel interference and noise;
means for delaying the received digital signal;
feed forward adaptive filter means for adaptively filtering the delayed signal and including a plurality of adjustable taps;
means for subtracting the adaptively filtered signal from the received digital signal and for producing an error signal; and means for recursively adjusting the taps of the forward adaptive filter means by using the error signal while minimizing the mean squared error of the error signal, such that the forward adaptive filter means becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference.
means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, the co-channel interference and noise;
means for delaying the received digital signal;
feed forward adaptive filter means for adaptively filtering the delayed signal and including a plurality of adjustable taps;
means for subtracting the adaptively filtered signal from the received digital signal and for producing an error signal; and means for recursively adjusting the taps of the forward adaptive filter means by using the error signal while minimizing the mean squared error of the error signal, such that the forward adaptive filter means becomes tuned to the co-channel interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel interference.
27. A television receiver including a filtering system for removing conventional television signal interference from a digital signal the following system comprising:
means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, noise and co-channel conventional television signal interference;
means for delaying the received digital signal;
adaptive filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for adaptively filtering the delayed signal;
forward filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for forward filtering the received digital signal;
first subtracting means for subtracting the adaptively filtered signal from the forward filtered signal and producing a first signal;
means for quantizing the first signal;
feedback filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for feedback filtering the quantized first signal;
second subtracting means for subtracting the quantized first signal from the first signal and producing an error signal; and adjusting means for adjusting the adjustable taps of the adaptive filter by using the error signal and an adaptive algorithm such that the adaptive filter becomes tuned to the co-channel conventional television signal interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel conventional television signal interference.
means for receiving the digital signal which digital signal includes a plurality of symbols, noise and co-channel conventional television signal interference;
means for delaying the received digital signal;
adaptive filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for adaptively filtering the delayed signal;
forward filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for forward filtering the received digital signal;
first subtracting means for subtracting the adaptively filtered signal from the forward filtered signal and producing a first signal;
means for quantizing the first signal;
feedback filter means having a plurality of adjustable taps for feedback filtering the quantized first signal;
second subtracting means for subtracting the quantized first signal from the first signal and producing an error signal; and adjusting means for adjusting the adjustable taps of the adaptive filter by using the error signal and an adaptive algorithm such that the adaptive filter becomes tuned to the co-channel conventional television signal interference and produces an estimate of the co-channel conventional television signal interference.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/366,138 US5572262A (en) | 1994-12-29 | 1994-12-29 | Receiver based methods and devices for combating co-channel NTSC interference in digital transmission |
| US08/366,138 | 1994-12-29 | ||
| PCT/IB1995/001133 WO1996021304A2 (en) | 1994-12-29 | 1995-12-15 | Combating signal interference in digital transmission |
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| CA2184393A1 CA2184393A1 (en) | 1996-07-11 |
| CA2184393C true CA2184393C (en) | 2006-07-04 |
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| CA002184393A Expired - Fee Related CA2184393C (en) | 1994-12-29 | 1995-12-15 | Receiver based methods and devices for combating co-channel ntsc inference in digital transmission |
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| US (2) | US5572262A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0748551B1 (en) |
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- 1994-12-29 US US08/366,138 patent/US5572262A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1995
- 1995-12-15 DE DE69530837T patent/DE69530837T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-15 EP EP95938574A patent/EP0748551B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-15 JP JP52082496A patent/JP3658409B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-15 WO PCT/IB1995/001133 patent/WO1996021304A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-12-15 CA CA002184393A patent/CA2184393C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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1996
- 1996-07-18 US US08/683,331 patent/US5777692A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| US5777692A (en) | 1998-07-07 |
| DE69530837D1 (en) | 2003-06-26 |
| WO1996021304A3 (en) | 1996-09-06 |
| JPH10500830A (en) | 1998-01-20 |
| JP3658409B2 (en) | 2005-06-08 |
| CA2184393A1 (en) | 1996-07-11 |
| US5572262A (en) | 1996-11-05 |
| DE69530837T2 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
| WO1996021304A2 (en) | 1996-07-11 |
| EP0748551B1 (en) | 2003-05-21 |
| EP0748551A1 (en) | 1996-12-18 |
| MX9603694A (en) | 1997-07-31 |
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