CA2186159C - Fastener for attaching objects to bones - Google Patents

Fastener for attaching objects to bones

Info

Publication number
CA2186159C
CA2186159C CA002186159A CA2186159A CA2186159C CA 2186159 C CA2186159 C CA 2186159C CA 002186159 A CA002186159 A CA 002186159A CA 2186159 A CA2186159 A CA 2186159A CA 2186159 C CA2186159 C CA 2186159C
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
rivet
recited
opening
fastener
puller
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CA002186159A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2186159A1 (en
Inventor
William E. Anspach, Jr.
William S. Reid
Eddy H. Del Rio
William E. Anspach, Iii
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Anspach Effort LLC
Original Assignee
Anspach Effort LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Anspach Effort LLC filed Critical Anspach Effort LLC
Publication of CA2186159A1 publication Critical patent/CA2186159A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2186159C publication Critical patent/CA2186159C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
    • F16B19/04—Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
    • F16B19/08—Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets
    • F16B19/10—Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets fastened by expanding mechanically
    • F16B19/1027—Multi-part rivets
    • F16B19/1036—Blind rivets
    • F16B19/1045—Blind rivets fastened by a pull - mandrel or the like
    • F16B19/1054—Blind rivets fastened by a pull - mandrel or the like the pull-mandrel or the like being frangible
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/0401—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/08—Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments
    • A61F2/0811—Fixation devices for tendons or ligaments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/0401—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors
    • A61B2017/0408—Rivets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/0401—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors
    • A61B2017/0409—Instruments for applying suture anchors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/0401—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors
    • A61B2017/0414—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors having a suture-receiving opening, e.g. lateral opening
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/0401—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors
    • A61B2017/0446—Means for attaching and blocking the suture in the suture anchor
    • A61B2017/0458—Longitudinal through hole, e.g. suture blocked by a distal suture knot
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/03—Automatic limiting or abutting means, e.g. for safety
    • A61B2090/037—Automatic limiting or abutting means, e.g. for safety with a frangible part, e.g. by reduced diameter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/08—Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments
    • A61F2/0811—Fixation devices for tendons or ligaments
    • A61F2002/0817—Structure of the anchor
    • A61F2002/0823—Modular anchors comprising a plurality of separate parts
    • A61F2002/0835—Modular anchors comprising a plurality of separate parts with deformation of anchor parts, e.g. expansion of dowel by set screw
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/08—Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments
    • A61F2/0811—Fixation devices for tendons or ligaments
    • A61F2002/0847—Mode of fixation of anchor to tendon or ligament
    • A61F2002/0858—Fixation of tendon or ligament between anchor and bone, e.g. interference screws, wedges
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/08—Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments
    • A61F2/0811—Fixation devices for tendons or ligaments
    • A61F2002/0876—Position of anchor in respect to the bone
    • A61F2002/0888—Anchor in or on a blind hole or on the bone surface without formation of a tunnel

Abstract

A fastener adapted to expand into bone has a tubular body having a longitudinal opening therethrough with a stop within the opening. The body (10) has a head (10) at one end and a longitudinal slot (24) extends through the body near the other end to form ribs (12) that expand radially when the body is compressed. A puller (4) projects through the opening in the rivet (3) and has a head (20) that engages the other end to compress the rivet when the puller is pulled through the body. An annular recess (19) is formed in the puller near the head and the other end of the body is crimped into the recess to aid expansion of the ribs. The puller is weakened at a point (30) so that itwill break upon continued pulling after the ribs reach a fully expanded state.

Description

FASTEN~R FOR ATTACHING OBJECTS TO BONES

The invention relates to a device for attaching metallic or synthetic plates and sutures to a bone during a surgery.
The most common fastener used in the reconstruction of bone fracture fragments in the human body is a screw.
Screws of various types are used to directly hold bone fragnents together, hold plates onto bone, and to act as anchors for the attachment of tendons and grafts of various types. Screws have certain disadvantages. In soft bone, they gain little purchase; in extremely thin bone, such as about the face, few threads gain purchase for adequate fixation. With the advent of extremely small bone plates for fracture and reconstructive surgical procedures, the screws are so small that just handling them and keeping them on a screwdriver can be difficult. Screws also require a significant amount of time to insert, especially if the hole has to be threaded first.
Various types of "blind" rivets are commonly used in industry. Most of them consist of two parts: a puller and the rivet body. The puller causes a deformation of the rivet body as it is moved in a linear direction. The expansion deformity of the rivet body continues until the expanded area reaches either the rivet head or the material into which the rivet is placed. These types of fasteners work well in sheet metal as the material has sufficient strength to resist further deformation of the rivet body and right fixation, as well as breakaway of the puller shaft is accomplished quite easily.
Unfortunately, these designs do not work well in the human body, as bone is not strong enough to stop the progression of the widened rivet body before it contacts the rivet head.
The following patents relate to this subject matter:
U.S. Patent Nos. 1,105,105; 2,494,229; and 4,590,928.
A

6 ~ 5 ~
Summary of the Invention The object of the present invention is to create a rivet fastener which will be effective for attachment in different types of bone and which will contribute significantly to the ease and rapidity of the fastening procedure.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a device for attaching sutures to a bone. This can be used for transplantation of tendons, re-attachment of muscles, and basically any needed fixation to bone.
A further object of the invention is to provide a device for directly attaching a torn tendon to a bone without requiring sutures.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rivet for expanding into a hole in a material, said rivet comprising a tubular body having an exterior surface for fitting into the hole and having a projection extending radially from a first end of the body for controlling an extent to which said rivet can extend into the hole, the body having an opening extending therethrough from the first end to a second end wherein the opening has a first diameter in a first portion of the body adjacent to the first end and a second diameter in a second portion of the body adjacent to the second end of the body wherein the first diameter is smaller than the second diameter to thereby forming an annular step in the opening, the exterior surface at the second portion tapers inward toward the second end which has an end surface that is beveled toward the opening, said body further includes a plurality of elongated apertures extending between the exterior surface and the opening and defining longitudinal ribs in the body between the apertures, wherein the ribs expand radially into the material upon comprension of the body.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a fastener for expanding into a hole in a material, said fastener comprising:

.~

- a rivet having a tubular body with first and second ends, an exterior surface, the body with an opening extending therethrough from the first end to the second end wherein the opening has a first cross sectional area in a first portion of the body adjacent to the first end and a second cross sectional area in a second portion of the body adjacent to the second end of the body wherein the first cross sectional area is smaller than the second cross sectional area thereby forming an annular step in the opening, a plurality of elongated apertures extending between the exterior surface and the opening and defining longitudinal ribs in the body between the apertures which ribs expand into the material when said rivet is compressed, and - a puller for compressing the rivet, said puller having a rod, a head and an intermediate section connecting the rod to the head, wherein the rod fits within the first portion of the body, the head being incapable of fitting through the opening at the second end, and the intermediate section fitting within the opening in the second portion of the body while being incapable of fitting in the opening in the first portion of the body, the intermediate section forming a recess for capturing the second end of the rivet.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a fastener for expanding into a hole in a material, said fastener comprising:
- a rivet having a tubular body with first and second ends, an exterior surface and a projection extending radially from the first end, the body having an opening extending therethrough from the first end to the second end wherein the opening has a first diameter in a first portion of the body adjacent to the first end and a second diameter in a second portion of the body adjacent to the second end of the body wherein the first diameter is smaller than the second diameter thereby forming an annular step in the opening, a plurality of elongated apertures extending between the exterior surface and the opening in the second portion of the body and defining 2a A

longitudinal ribs in the body between the apertures, and - a puller located in the opening for expanding said rivet, said puller having a rod, a head and an intermediate section connecting the rod to the head, wherein the rod has a diameter that is less than the first diameter, the head has a diameter that is greater than the second diameter and the intermediate section having surface that engages the step to restrict movement of said puller through the opening in the rivet, the intermediate section forming a recess for capturing the second end of the rivet.
According to the present invention and/or its preferred embodiments the rivet is designed to expand into even hard bone to secure the rivet. To gain m~x;mum expansion, the rivet body is slotted longitudinally with the bottom portion tapered so that when it is forced to expand by a puller head, the body forms radial wings, or arms, which extend into both hard and soft bone. The wings, or arms, are created at a distance below the surface of the bone as determined by a tapered-in portion in the rivet body. In one embodiment of the rivet, the slots are angled slightly transverse to the body's longitudinal axis to produce twisted wings with inclined surfaces. Complete deformation of the rivet body to the rivet head is prevented by a puller head stop. The design creates a "blind" rivet which is extremely effective for attaching objects to bone.

. . _ 2b .~

W 095/25469 PCTrUS95/03S54 21861~9 ..

Brief Deccription of the Drawinqs FIGURE 1 is a side view of the rivet with the puller in ~ place prior to insertion in a bone;
FIGURE 2 is a cross-sectional view of the rivet taken along the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;
FIGURE 3 is a top view of Figure 1;
FIGURE 4 illustrates a second embodiment of the puller;
FIGURE 5 is a sectional view of a rivet fastened in a hole in relatively soft bone;
FIGURE 6 is a sectional view of a rivet fastened in relatively hard bone;
FIGURES 7 and 8 side and top views respectively of a modified rivet for attaching a suture;
FIGURE 9 illustrates a side view of another embodiment of a bone rivet according to the present invention;
FIGURE 10 shows the bone rivet in Figure 9 fastened in a hole in bone;
FIGURE 11 illustrates yet another embodiment of a bone rivet with potions of the ribs having a reduced thickness to achieve a specific pattern of rib expansion during fastening; and FIGURE 12 is a cross-section view of a rivet assembly adapted to attach a torn tendon to a bone.

Detailed DesoriPtion of the Invention Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 3, a rivet 3 has an upper annular portion lo with an annular flange 6 extending radially outward from around the top of the upper annular portion 10. A
tapered surface 7 extends from the outer edge of the annular flange 6 downward and inward to the outer surface 11 of the upper annular portion 10 to limit penetration of the rivet into a hole.
The tubular rivet 3 has a lower annular portion 12 extending downward from the bottom of the upper annular portion 10. Lower annular portion 12 has its outer surface 13 formed as an _3_ SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) W 095/25469 PCTfUS95103554 21861~9 extension of outer surface 11 of upper annular portion 10. The thickness of the lower annular portion 12 is smaller than the thickness of the upper annular portion 10 forming an annular step, or stop, 14, for a purpose to be hereinafter described.
The lower section of the lower annular portion 12 is bent inward at a circumferential bend line 16 and extends to end surface 18 at which an opening is formed at the bottom of the lower annular portion 12. The opening has an inner diameter which is approximately equal to the inner diameter of the upper annular portion lo. A plurality of longitudinal slots 24 is formed in the lower annular portion 12 to below the circumferential bend line 16 at which the lower annular portion tapers inward leaving a solid tapered portion 26 at the lower end 18. Lengthwise ribs 15 are created between the slots 24. The solid tapered portion 26 terminates at end surface 18 which is beveled at approximately eight degrees to aid in bending the rivet 3 during fastening, as will be described.
A puller 4 has a head 20, an intermediate section 21 and a puller rod 22. The puller rod 22 extends upward through the inner diameter of the lower part of the rivet's annular portion 12 and the inner diameter of the rivet's upper annular portion 10. The puller rod 22 is undercut at point 30 to provide a weakened section at which the puller rod will break upon the intermediate section engaging the step, or stop, 14 when the rivet 3 has been fixed in place. The contoured intermediate section 21 between the head 20 and puller rod 22 aids in securing the rivet 3. This section 21 has an annular, cylindrical recess 27 adjacent head 20, then a shoulder 29 going up the puller and then a flared region 31 contiguous with rod 22. As will be described, the recess forms a rectilinear, annular groove into which the end of the lower portion 12 of the rivet 3 slides during fastening. During fabrication, the tapered portlon 26 at the lower end of the rivet 3 is crimped into the puller recess SUBSTITUTE SHEET (P~ULE 26) W O 9S/25469 21 8 6 ~ 5 '9 PCTrUS9S/03554 27. This crimping not only captures the rivet on the puller to hold those components together, the crimping also defines the subsequent bending action which fastens the rivet in a hole.
The cylindrical head 20 is integral with the lower end of the puller 4 and is larger than the opening in end surface 18 of the rivet. The top surface 19 of the head 20 faces the beveled end surface 18. Although the top surface 19 can be flat, preferably that surface tapers toward the exposed end of the head going inward toward the center of the puller 4. The angle of incline of the top surface 19 of the head is substantially the same and the angle of incline of the beveled end surface 18 of the rivet 3. The beveled surfaces direct the lower end of the rivet inward during fastening.
Figure 4 shows another version of a puller 44 that can be used with the rivet 3. This version has a curved recess 45 to receive the end of the rivet 3. The surface 19 of the puller head 20 still is tapered inward as in puller 4.
The two-part bone rivet assembly, the rivet 3 and puller 4 or 44, is formed of a biologically compatible material. For example, the rivet 3 is machined from a cylinder of titanium, and the puller 4 or 44 is formed of cold forged titanium. The outer diameter of the puller rod 22 and the inner diameter of the end of the rivet 3 are sized for an interference fit so that the rivet 3 and puller member 4 remain as one unit, or assembly, before use.
With reference to Figures 5 and 6, the rivet 3 can be used to attach a plate 8 to a bone 5. The plate 8 has a hole 9 with tapered walls that match the tapered surface 7 of the rivet. The rivet extends through the plate and into a hole 33 that was drilled into the bone 5. Once the rivet 3 is in place, a surgical instrument is attached to the free end of the puller rod 22 and placed against the rivet end flange 6. The instrument then pulls the puller rod 22 upward causing the head 20 of the SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) W 095/25469 PCTrUS95/n3554 ._ puller 4 to react with the lower portion 12 of the rivet 3. The reaction of the inwardly tapered top surface 19 of the puller head 20 against the beveled lower end surface 18 of the rivet directs and guides the lower end of the rivet inward while longitudinally compressing the rivet. The longitudinal compression deforms the lengthwise ribs 15 expanding them radially outward with the deformation depending on the particular structure of the bone 5.
In Figure 5, the rivet 3 is placed in "soft" bone, where the lengthwise ribs 15 of the lower annular portion 12 have been forced radially upward and outward, bending into a U-shape that extends into the bone 5. It can be seen that the plurality of slots 24 will permit a plurality of ribs 15 to extend outward as arms.
In Figure 6, the rivet 3 is placed in "hard" bone where the lengthwise ribs 15 of the lower annular portion 12 do not extend as far the ribs extend into softer bone. In this case, the ribs - 15 are compressed into an S-bend by the wall of the hole in the hard bone 5. The top surface 19 of the puller head 20 also forces the,solid tapered portion 26 outward driving that portion into the bone 5.
While "hard" and "soft" bones 5 have been discussed as examples, it is to be understood that the hardness of a bone can fall anywhere in the range between a "hard" bone which permits only limited radial expansion of the rivet ribs 15 into the bone 5, and a "soft" bone which permits the ribs 15 to extend fully into the bone. However, regardless of the bone hardness, the rivet 3 expands to become embedded in the bone thereby providing more than mere friction engagement with the bone.
The location of the expanded portion of the rivet 3 below the surface of the bone 3 is determined by the length of the upper annular portion 10. It is desirable that the upper annular portion 10 of the rivet 3 be of such a length that the top of the SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) "holding" expansion of the rivet 3 is formed below the surface of the bone to obtain the proper holding location. This length places the annular stop 14 below the surface layer of the bone to form the top of the "holding" expansion. The length of the upper annular portion 10 can vary with longer portions than the one shown in the drawings being useful to graft together two fragments of bone. In addition, the length of the lower annular portion 12 can vary to provide ribs of different lengths that expand by varying amounts into the bone.
As the puller 4 is drawn upward out of the rivet 3, the flared region 31 strikes the step, or stop, 14 at the lower end of the upper portion 10 of the rivet as shown in Figure 5.
Application of additional force to extract the puller 4 from the rivet 3 causes the puller to break at the undercut 30. In hard bone as shown in Figure 6, the resistance to expansion of the rivet is so great that the rod 22 breaks at undercut 30 before the flared region 31 strikes the step, or stop, 14 on the rivet.
It can be seen that the puller head 20, in the position at which the rod 22 breaks will hold the ribs 15 outward in their expanded position, as shown in Figures 5 and 6. This is also true of intermediate positions. This positioning of puller head 20 aids in preventing withdra~al of the rivet 3 from the hole.
Figures 7 and 8 show a bone rivet device with a rivet 35 having an integral disk-like flange 38 with four holes 40 around the top at which to affix a suture 42. A single suture 42 can be affixed to one hole 40 by being tied as in Figure 8. A suture 42 can be threaded through two holes 40 from one side making two suture ends available.
In another embodiment shown in Figure 9, the slots 51 in the lower annular portion 12 of the rivet 50 are formed at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the body. Ribs 52 are created between the slots 51. The head 49 of this rivet can be either flared as shown in Figure 9 or a suture flange 38 as in Figure 7.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) W 095/25469 PCT~US95/03554 When rivet 50 is compressed by the puller 4, the ribs 52 twist as the ribs expand into the bone 5 to form screw-like inclined surfaces 54 as shown in Figure 10. This rib formation facilitates removal by allowing the rivet 50 to be screwed out of the bone 5. For example, conventional screw extractor can be twisted into the central openinq 56 in annular flange 6 and then turned to back rivet 50 out of the hole in the bone.
A different version of a rivet 60 for anchoring sutures is depicted in Figure 11. This rivet 60 has a tubular body 61 with a plurality of longitudinal slots 64 which define separate ribs 66 between the slots. Lower annular portion 68 of the body 62 is tapered inward to engage the head of a puller (not shown) in a similar manner to the way in which the lower ends of the previously described rivets engage the puller head. The upper one-third portion 70 of each rib 66 is reduced in thickness which results in the ribs bending as shown in Figure 12. Although that latter Figure lllustrates a rivet having a different upper section, the ribs expand or flare outward in the same manner during fastening. Specifically, the upper rib portion 70 of reduced thickness projects a substantially perpendicular to the body of the rivet with the remainder of the rib extending at approximately 45 degrees from the lower annular portion 68.
The upper section 72 of the body of rivet 60 in Figure 11 has an enlarged inner diameter region 74 with a pair of diametrically opposed slot apertures 76 through the body wall.
The apertures receive a pair of sutures (not shown) with each suture extending through and between the slots around a different side of the puller that projects through the rivet. When the rivet 60 is inserted into a hole drilled in bone and the puller is pulled, the upper rivet section 72 is drawn beneath the surface of the bone with the sutures secured between the bone and the rivet. During fastening into bone, the puller will break at SUBS~TUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO9S/2S469 2 1 8 6 1 5 ~ PCT~S95/03554 a point below the slot apertures 76 and not interfere with the sutures.
Figure 12 shows a version of a bone rivet 80 for reattaching torn tendons to a bone 96. The ribbed section of the body of rivet 80 is the same as the rib structure of the rivet 60 in Figure 11. However, the upper section 82 of rivet 80 has an elongated tubular shape and terminates in an outward flange 84.
The rivet 80 extends through an aperture 86 in a disk 88 with the outward flange 84 of the rivet fitting into a countersunk region of the aperture. A plurality of pointed barbs 90 are spaced around the perimeter of the disk 88 projecting downward substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rivet.
Alternatively, the barbed disk 88 could be an integral part of the rivet 80.
To attach a torn tendon 94 to a bone 96, the assembly of rivet 80, barbed disk 88 and puller 92 are pushed through the tendon. The puller 92 has a pointed tip 98 to aid the assembly piercing through the tendon 94. The barbs 90 also pierce the tendon with sections of the tendon passing between the barbs to secure the tendon to the rivet assembly. The lower portion of the rivet 80.and puller 92 then are inserted into a hole drilled into the bone 96. The puller is drawn through the rivet causing the ribs 66 to expand outward into a relatively soft interior of the bone 96. This action also draws the barbs 90 into the outer surface of the bone 96 thereby securing the tendon, that is captured among the barbs, to the bone.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims (31)

1. A rivet for expanding into a hole in a material, said rivet comprising a tubular body having an exterior surface for fitting into the hole and having a projection extending radially from a first end of the body for controlling an extent to which said rivet can extend into the hole, the body having an opening extending therethrough from the first end to a second end wherein the opening has a first diameter in a first portion of the body adjacent to the first end and a second diameter in a second portion of the body adjacent to the second end of the body wherein the first diameter is smaller than the second diameter to thereby forming an annular step in the opening, the exterior surface at the second portion tapers inward toward the second end which has an end surface that is beveled toward the opening, said body further includes a plurality of elongated apertures extending between the exterior surface and the opening and defining longitudinal ribs in the body between the apertures, wherein the ribs expand radially into the material upon compression of the body.
2. The rivet as recited in claim 1 wherein an end of each of the elongated apertures is proximate to the annular step.
3. The rivet as recited in claim 1 wherein the body includes a solid annular ring at the second end connecting the ribs.
4. The rivet recited in claim 1 wherein a section of each rib has a reduced thickness compared to a remainder of each rib.
5. The rivet as recited in claim 1 wherein the elongated apertures are transverse to a longitudinal axis of the body.
6. The rivet as recited in claim 1 wherein the elongated apertures are angled with respect to a longitudinal axis of the body to twist the ribs as the ribs expand radially during compression of the rivet.
7. The rivet as recited in claim 1 for expanding in material of varying density, the body of said rivet having two ways to expand radially when compressed longitudinally: if the second portion of the body is against material of low density, the ribs will expand radially as U-shaped arms into the material;
and if the second portion of said body is against material of high density, the ribs will expand radially in an S-shape into the material.
8. The rivet recited in claim 1 wherein the projection has an aperture therethrough to receive a suture.
9. The rivet recited in claim 1 further in combination with a puller having a rod extending through the body of the rivet, and a head connected to the rod for engaging the second end of the rivet to compress the body as the rod is pulled through the body.
10. The rivet as recited in claim 9 wherein the head has an inwardly tapering surface engaging the second end of said rivet.
11. A fastener for expanding into a hole in a material, said fastener comprising:
a rivet having a tubular body with first and second ends, an exterior surface, the body with an opening extending therethrough from the first end to the second end wherein the opening has a first cross sectional area in a first portion of the body adjacent to the first end and a second cross sectional area in a second portion of the body adjacent to the second end of the body wherein the first cross sectional area is smaller than the second cross sectional area thereby forming an annular step in the opening, a plurality of elongated apertures extending between the exterior surface and the opening and defining longitudinal ribs in the body between the apertures which ribs expand into the material when said rivet is compressed, and a puller for compressing the rivet, said puller having a rod, a head and an intermediate section connecting the rod to the head, wherein the rod fits within the first portion of the body, the head being incapable of fitting through the opening at the second end, and the intermediate section fitting within the opening in the second portion of the body while being incapable of fitting in the opening in the first portion of the body, the intermediate section forming a recess for capturing the second end of the rivet.
12. The fastener as recited in claim 11 wherein the puller is located in the opening of the rivet with the second end of the rivet being crimped into the recess of the puller.
13. The fastener as recited in claim 11 wherein an end of each of the elongated apertures is proximate to the annular step.
14. The fastener as recited in claim 11 wherein the exterior surface of the second portion tapers inward toward the second end.
15. The fastener as recited in claim 14 wherein an end surface at the second end of said rivet is beveled inward for engaging the head of said puller during rib expansion.
16. The fastener as recited in claim 15 wherein the head of said puller has an inwardly tapering surface for engaging and guiding the second end of said rivet.
17. The fastener as recited in claim 11 wherein said rivet includes a solid annular ring at the second end connecting the ribs.
18. The rivet as recited in claim 11 wherein a section of each rib has a reduced thickness compared to a remainder of each rib.
19. The fastener as recited in claim 11 wherein the elongated apertures are at an acute angle with respect to a longitudinal axis of the body of the rivet.
20. The fastener as recited in claim 11 wherein the elongated apertures are angled with respect to a longitudinal axis of the body to twist the ribs as the ribs expand radially during compression of the rivet.
21. The fastener as recited in claim 11 wherein the rivet has a flange extending outward from the first end of the body with an aperture through the flange for receiving a suture.
22. The fastener as recited in claim 11 wherein the opening has a third cross sectional area in a third portion of the body between the first end and the first portion of the body wherein the third cross sectional ara is greater than the first cross sectional area, and an aperture extends in the third portion from the opening through the exterior surface for receiving a suture.
23. The fastener as recited in claim 11 wherein the body has an outwardly flared section adjacent to the first end, and an aperture extends in the outwardly flared section from the opening through the exterior surface for receiving a suture.
24. The fastener as recited in claim 11 further comprising a disk having an aperture with said rivet received therein, and having a plurality of barbs projecting from said disk substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis the body.
25. The fastener as recited in claim 11 wherein the rod of said puller has a weakened point at which the rod will break when pulled further after the intermediate section contacts the annular step.
26. The fastener as recited in claim 11 wherein the second portion of the body is contoured so that the ribs will bend outward when said rivet is compressed by said puller.
27. The fastener as recited in claim 11 wherein the first portion of the body has a predefined length which determines an expansion limit of the rivet.
28. A fastener for expanding into a hole in a material, said fastener comprising:
a rivet having a tubular body with first and second ends, an exterior surface and a projection extending radially from the first end, the body having an opening extending therethrough from the first end to the second end wherein the opening has a first diameter in a first portion of the body adjacent to the first end and a second diameter in a second portion of the body adjacent to the second end of the body wherein the first diameter is smaller than the second diameter thereby forming an annular step in the opening, a plurality of elongated apertures extending between the exterior surface and the opening in the second portion of the body and defining longitudinal ribs in the body between the apertures, and a puller located in the opening for expanding said rivet, said puller having a rod, a head and an intermediate section connecting the rod to the head, wherein the rod has a diameter that is less than the first diameter, the head has a diameter that is greater than the second diameter and the intermediate section having surface that engages the step to restrict movement of said puller through the opening in the rivet, the intermediate section forming a recess for capturing the second end of the rivet.
29. The fastener as recited in claim 28 for expanding in a hole in material of varying density, the body of said rivet having two ways to expand when the head of said puller acts against the second end of the body to expand said rivet: if the second portion of the body is against material of low density, the ribs will expand as U-shape arms into the material; and if the second portion of said body is against material of high density, the second portion of the body will expand radially in an S-shape into the material.
30. The fastener as recited in claim 28 wherein the head when positioned against the step prevents the ribs from being forced inward.
31. The rivet as recited in claim 28 wherein a section of each rib has a reduced thickness compared to a remainder of each rib.
CA002186159A 1994-03-21 1995-03-21 Fastener for attaching objects to bones Expired - Fee Related CA2186159C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/215,279 US5501695A (en) 1992-05-27 1994-03-21 Fastener for attaching objects to bones
US08/215,279 1994-03-21
PCT/US1995/003554 WO1995025469A1 (en) 1994-03-21 1995-03-21 Fastener for attaching objects to bones

Publications (2)

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CA2186159A1 CA2186159A1 (en) 1995-09-28
CA2186159C true CA2186159C (en) 1999-06-08

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US (1) US5501695A (en)
JP (1) JP2002514935A (en)
AU (1) AU2125795A (en)
CA (1) CA2186159C (en)
DE (1) DE19581582T1 (en)
GB (1) GB2302150B (en)
WO (1) WO1995025469A1 (en)

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DE19581582T1 (en) 1997-04-17

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