CA2195959A1 - Water-based adhesives - Google Patents
Water-based adhesivesInfo
- Publication number
- CA2195959A1 CA2195959A1 CA002195959A CA2195959A CA2195959A1 CA 2195959 A1 CA2195959 A1 CA 2195959A1 CA 002195959 A CA002195959 A CA 002195959A CA 2195959 A CA2195959 A CA 2195959A CA 2195959 A1 CA2195959 A1 CA 2195959A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- unit
- adhesive
- polymer
- hydrogen
- polymerizing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C09J133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C09J133/062—Copolymers with monomers not covered by C09J133/06
- C09J133/064—Copolymers with monomers not covered by C09J133/06 containing anhydride, COOH or COOM groups, with M being metal or onium-cation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
- C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/34—Esters containing nitrogen, e.g. N,N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/52—Amides or imides
- C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
- C08F220/60—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide containing nitrogen in addition to the carbonamido nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
Abstract
A water-based adhesive comprising water-soluble polymers having carboxy groups and quaternary ammonium groups wherein the polymers can be derived by copolymerizing one or more unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid monomers, such as acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid, and alkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylate or alkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamide, such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate or dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide and the water-based adhesive is a viscous liquid that is colorless, relatively odorless, and free of organic solvents.
Description
~rlC~ S9s/08288 ~NESO~A ~INIr~G & MFG. CO. Ii 2. Sep. 1g9B V0~5S~ S & PAF/TiNER
Our ~: A 1195 PC~ PAT~:NTANWt~
Our ~: A 1195 PC~ PAT~:NTANWt~
2'~ 9~59 81675 ~A'JNC~I E i~l VATER-BASED ADE~ESN':ES
This invention relates to water-based adhesives made from synthetic polymers and to the p, u!JalaLiul~ packaging, and use of such adhesives. In another 5 aspect, it relates to synthetic polymers having carboxy groups and quaternary arnmonium groups and the use of such polymers in making water-based adhesives.
MUII;IJUI ~osc adhesives currently being sold today are typically solvent-based and they generally provide stronger bonds than known water-based adhesives. There still are, however, numerous problems that have long been 10 recogni2ed with solvent-based adhesives, such as the '' ' ' ~ and toxicity associated with organic solvents ~ see Skeist, I. "Handbook of Adhesives," Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, Chapter 44 {1977). The organic solvents impart to the adhesives an olj;e~ 5~!- odor and such adhesives often are ~ u ~ to be used in u " .~.~LlillLtl areas because of the volatile nature of15 the solvents and they sometimes are misused by children for "~;lu"-s. ~illg.'l Thus, the safety and c~lvh ulun~ al concerns about the u~ urauLu~ ~; and use of solvent-based products have lead to laws and regulations proposed by ~U~lllll~Ut regulatory agencies or bodies.
Various synthetic polymers have been used or proposed for use in water-20 and solvent-based a&esives, including pol~a~ /laL~,s and pcl,l~Llla~ L.~ see "Handbook of Adhesives," ~E~ In the patent literature, U.S. Pat. No.
This invention relates to water-based adhesives made from synthetic polymers and to the p, u!JalaLiul~ packaging, and use of such adhesives. In another 5 aspect, it relates to synthetic polymers having carboxy groups and quaternary arnmonium groups and the use of such polymers in making water-based adhesives.
MUII;IJUI ~osc adhesives currently being sold today are typically solvent-based and they generally provide stronger bonds than known water-based adhesives. There still are, however, numerous problems that have long been 10 recogni2ed with solvent-based adhesives, such as the '' ' ' ~ and toxicity associated with organic solvents ~ see Skeist, I. "Handbook of Adhesives," Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, Chapter 44 {1977). The organic solvents impart to the adhesives an olj;e~ 5~!- odor and such adhesives often are ~ u ~ to be used in u " .~.~LlillLtl areas because of the volatile nature of15 the solvents and they sometimes are misused by children for "~;lu"-s. ~illg.'l Thus, the safety and c~lvh ulun~ al concerns about the u~ urauLu~ ~; and use of solvent-based products have lead to laws and regulations proposed by ~U~lllll~Ut regulatory agencies or bodies.
Various synthetic polymers have been used or proposed for use in water-20 and solvent-based a&esives, including pol~a~ /laL~,s and pcl,l~Llla~ L.~ see "Handbook of Adhesives," ~E~ In the patent literature, U.S. Pat. No.
3,634,366 (Chujo et al.) describes making â polymer said to be useful, inter alia, as "adhesive~ " by pUl.~ lll.,.;Lillg an u - -n ~ l aiiphatic monobasic or dibasic acid, for example, acryiic acid and ul~lllal,l~l c acid, with an, ~ monomer having a tertiary amine group, such as d;lll.,Lh)' ' yl lll~,~hà.,lyl.~LI . U.S. Pat.
No. 3,790,533 (Samour) describes pressure-sensiti e adhesive polymers (and certain organic solvent solutions thereofJ of certain carboxylic acid vinyl monomers, for example, acrylic acid and Il~ lla~ l;c acid, an aminoalkyl acrylate, for example, d;~ LIIYLUII;IIOe~IIYI lll~,.La~ .Le, and an aLkyl acrylate (in the3 0 amount from 65 to 99.6C/o by weight of the totai monomers), for example, ethyl acryiate.
DED
. ~ . 21qr~q59 It is aiso known that reiatively low .,O.lC~ dLvll~ of ~wiilc~ iu. i., polymers, or other polymers derived from basic vinyl monomers such as ih~l..hy1~ llvcillyl ~ Ld~,-y~Ld, can be used in water-containing hair treatmentiJlC,Odld~iUII~ or personai care products~see U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,836,537 5 (Boerwinkieetal.),3,927,199(Miccbellietai.?,4,315,910(Nowak,Jr.etai.), 4,814,101 (Schieferstein et al.), 4,994,088 (Ando et ai.~, and 5,045,6i7 (Shih et ai) Other uses of certain carboxy- and arnino-containing polymers in aqueous coating ~o...~ . ,c described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,131,583 (Boerwinkel) and 4,442,248 (Kanda et ai.). U.S. Pat. No. 4,558,741 (Borchardt et ai.) describes amethod of preventing or reducing the ill effects of migrating f nes, e.g., silica f nes, in an earthen formation or well-bore by contacting the f nes with a certain carboxy- and amino-containing polymer which can be dispersed in the amount of 0.01 to 5~~c in a carrier fluid, such as a saline solution.
This invention provides, in one aspect, a water-based adhesive comprising water-soluble polymer having carboxy groups and quaternary ~mmr~n;1lm groups.
The polymer can be derived by ~,v~vlyll~ h.g (or i..~ vl~.".,.;Lillg) one or more ull ~ uldlcd aiiphatic carboxylic acid monomers, for example, acrylic acid andlor r....l..~ li., acid, and ~ky' " yl(meth)acrylate or 20 " y' " y1(meth)a.,.~1~.u ic, for example, ii..l.,.~.~Lulli~v~ d.,lylale or.li.,.~ a,.,illvl..vl.J'l~ lyl~u~u~i~
The water-based adhesive is a viscous liquid that can be made water-clear, colorless, and relatively odorless or free of .,I,;e~ ".~.. .l~lr odor. It can be made free of or~anic solvents and thus superior in safety and ~ ;., ' aspects as 25 compared to solvent-based adhesives, which generaily are opaque or lack clarity and often are not colorless. The adhesive can be made at relatively low cost, packaged in metai or plastic tubes, can sustain freeze-thaw conditions as well as hot ~Clll~..dlUlC without substantial effect on its stabiiity, and it disperses readiiy from the tube, without running, to easily form a desired thin f Im or layer on the 30 substrate to be bonded without di~,vlo~h~d the substrate. The adhesive can beused for a host of bonding purposes, such as for bon ii.,~ ., cardboard, AMENDE~ SHEET
2 ~ 9 ~ 9 5 9 ~ WO')6/û6143 1~,I/V,. ~
.hs, wood, fabric, and other water-permeable or porous substrates. It dries readiiy in air at room ~u~ .a~ule and in dried forrn is clear and water-washable. The bonding strength is . ~'~ high and satisfies the holding strength required of a ' ~ JUa~, household, school, or of fice adhesive.
The polymers, some of which are novel that are used in the water-based adhesives of this invention are, uniess they are exposed to elevated t~,...,.~,. alul c~, which renders them insoluble, soluble in water even after the adhesives are appiied and dried. The polymers can be made in different ionic forrns, nameiy ~wi~lc.iulli-(or dipolar), amphoteric, and in a forrn (believed novel) having both ~w 10 and amphoteric properties. A broad class ofthe polymers can be ~ d the generic structurai formula (I).
Rl Rl R5 Rl --CH2 1-- --CH2¢-- --ICH--C-- --CH2C--C=O C=O R4 C=O C=O
~H (Cl H2)X I Z
R2--N--R3 R2--N H~~ R~N--R3 R3 (CH2h~
(CO2) (A) (B) (C) (D) (Formul~
where the bracketed structures A, B, C, and D are i.-t~ lyll... ;L.~;i units 1~ randomiy repeated and covaiently bonded together in polymer chains, units A and C aiways being present and units B and D ~, ' 'y being present or absent;
each R~ is ~ ~ , a hydrogen atom or lower aikyl group, such as a methyl or ethyl group; R2 and R3 are each; ~ y a C~ to Cl aikyl group, such as methyl and ethyl, each R~ is ', ' '~ a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or COOM; each R~ is ~ I.y a hydrogen atom, a lower aikyl group such as a ,~, ""_, ,~: ~ . !j ~ 2 1 ~ 5 ~ ~ 9 WO96/06143 r~"- e methyl or ethyi group, or CH2COO.M, at least one of R~ and R5 is a hydrogen atom; X is the anion of an organic acid or mineral acid, such as a chloride, sulfate, and acetate; M is a hydrogen atom or an alkali metai atom, such as sodium or ~~potassium; Z is O or NH; and subscripts x and y are i ' r ~ integers of I to 5 3. The repeating units are derived from monomers used to make the polymers.
Alternatively, units D can be derived from some of units A and C ~ia known Micbael addition reactions when aaylic acid is used as a monomer precursor of units C.
The above formula is applicable for polymers having different ionic forms, 10 for example (1) when units D are present and R4 and R5 are hydrogen, the resulting polymer is .;~ ;,Ic. iu.,i., in nature t2) when units D are absent and one of Rl and Rs is hydrogen, the resulting polymer is amphoteric in nature and (3) when all of unites D are present and in some units C both R4 and R5 are hydrogen and some other of units C one of R~ and R5 is hydrogen, the resultinp polymer are 15 ~ ;t~,.iu,uc and zrnphoteric in nature.
Polymers used in this invention can be made by known pol~ ,.;~t;ull techniques such zs free-radicai p~ ;u~ in aqueous solution, for example, at20 to 100~C, using a radical pul~..._. i~il;u.. initiator, such as ammonium persulfate. Polymers prepared in aqueous medium (e.g., at 20 to 55~~ solids) 20 provide an aqueous solution of medium viscosity that enable the adhesives to be packaged, dispensed, and applied in a ready. satisfactory, clean manner.
A subclass of the polymers used in this invention are LW;L~.~.iUlli~ in nature.
They can be made in aqueous medium by reacting in a pc,l~ reactor acrylic acid (AA) and one or more .' " ~ I(meth)acrylates or 25 (meth) i.,.y' ' to form an ionic or L~;tLc~;o...~. (or dipolar) monomer. Basic (or amino) monomers which can be used are N,N- ' ' ,' ~ yl Ill.,d~ yL~ic (DMAEMA), N,N-~' ' .r' ' ,' acrylate (DMAEA), N,N-di~lhy~ ' ~I methacrylate (DEAEMA), N,N-d;~,lhr' - ' ,i acrylate (DEAFA),N,rT..;.~ ' r u~Y~ IL~ ' (DMAPMA)~NN
30 ~ r..-LL~ ' (DMAEMArn),N,N-l" ' r' acrylamide(DMhEAm), N,N- ~ r U~ J
21 95~5~
~ . ~
(DMAPMAm) and the like. The basic monomers undergo a Michael addition reaction vith the AA to form a third monomer, a Zwitterionic monomer, In situ, which is a befa,befa-dialkyl beta-(l h) ~lu~y or al.ud~' " y' betaine or, for example, befa,beta-dimethyl befa-' YIUA~Lh~h r ~ ' ' betaine when DMAEMA is used. In additior.~, small amounts of other monomers such as N-2 ...~ ..,.ylù"y~ yyl)-N,N,N-hy~ chloride, N-vinyl-2-yy~ , vinyl acetate and the like and other additives such as hydl~ ul;~, acid (HCI) may be included herein. The reaction is a reversible Michael addition reaction, with the acidic and basic 10 monomers in equilibrium with the L~;t~ ;olll., compound or monomer. This equilibrium reaction mixture can then be mixed with a free-radical generator (catalyst) and heated to initiate pGI~ iUII. Scheme I illustrates this yl _y~al;~JIl of the ~;tli I polymen Scheme I
CH2=C(CH3)C(O)Z(CH2)2N(CH3k + CH2=cHc02H~
CHz=c(cH3)c(o)z(cH2)2N(cH3)2 + CH2=C(CH3)C(O)Z(CH2kN (CH3)2HCr + CM2=CHCO2H t CHZ=C(CH3)C(O)Z(CH2k~ 2CH2C02 i i = 2 , 5 7 J
wo 96/06143 Cl H3 C~ H3 CH3 --CH2C----CH2/~-- --CH2CI H-- --CH2~--f=o l=o c=o l=o (CH2)x(ICH2h~ H (CIEI2)x N(CM3)2H3C--N~ HCr Nl ~CH3)2 CH3 ( IcEl2h co2 (A~) (B~) (C') (D') The second subclass of polymers that can be used in makin8 the water-based adhesives of this invention are amphoteric in nature and they can be made 5 from basic monomers like those of Scheme I and those acidic monomers that do not under~o a Michael addition reaction, such as ..,~ , acid (MAA), maleic acid, itaconic acid, and crotonic acid, and the like. As above, HCI and small amounts of other monomers can be included. Scheme II illustrates this preparation of the amphoteric polyrner, m which the acidic monomer is ~.u~ul~ ' with an ~ ' or (meth~ ,.y' ' .
~ 2~ 95q59 '~ .
.. .. ..
Scheme II
CH2--C(CH3)C(O)Z(CH2hN(CH3k + CH2=~(CH3)CC~ U + HCI
CH2=C(CH3)C(O)Z(CH2kN(CHsk + CH2--C(CH3~C(O)Z(CH2)2N (CH3kHCI
+ -- ~''0 CH2--~C~ 2H
.
CIH3 CIH3 Cl H3 ~H2CI-- --CH2 1-- --CH2CI ' C=O Cl =0 0=~
I ,, (CH2~ (Cl H2~ H
N(CH3)1 H3C--Nl HCr c~3 (A"') (B"') (C"') The third, and preferred, subclass of the polymers that can be used in the 5 water-based adhesives of this invention are LWi~ iUlli~ and amphoteric in nature.
Such polymers can be prepared from basic monomers like those used in Scheme II and a c~ ;. ., . of two types of acidic monomers, one type of which will undergo a Michael addition reaction. The c .. .~ I ;- . of acidic monomers is used together with one or more basic monomers or ~L~ ,(meth)acrylates or 10 (meth)a~ ,id~. As above in reference to the first subclass of polymers, HCI or other acids and small amounts of other monomers can be used in the p~c~cuali AMENDED SHEET
~ ~ 2195~5~
W0 96106~43 ofthepolymer. Schememiilustratesthisp..r_ ' ofthe~,~;.t~,.;v..l.-amphoteric polymer.
Scheme m CH2=C(CH3)C(O)Y:(CH2)2N(CH3k + CH2=cHco2H
+ CH2=C(CH3)CO2H +~
CH2=C(CH3)C(O)Z(CH~kN (CH3kHCr +
CH2=C(CH3)C(O)Z(CH2kN(CI13k + CH2=CHCO H
+ ~Hz=C(CH3)C~
CH3 CH3 ICH3 fH3 --CH2¢----CH2¢-- --CH2 ~ H-- --CH2lC-- --CH2 ~--f=OC~=O C=O f=O C=O
Z Z O ~ O
(f H2~( I H2: x H ( I H2~ H
N(CH3)2 H3C--Nl ~HCI ~+(CH3)2 CH3 (cH2h co2-(A~ 3-') (C-') (D-') (E~ ) In preparing polymers II and III of Schemes I and 11, the amounts of the initial '' " ~ meth)acrylate or (meth)..." ~' ~ o monomers used can be 40 to 60 mol percent, respectively, the amount of the acrylic or ' ~L., acid used can be 60 to 40 mol %, and the amount of HCI or other acids used can be 0 to 10 mol %, the latter amount being based on the totai mois of initiai monomersused. In prepating polymer IV of Scheme m, the amount of the acrylate or . . ..
~ 2 1 9 5 9 5 ~ ' ' acrylamide used is 40 to 60 mol ~o, the amounts of acrylic and ~ la~ acid can be 5 to 55 mol %, and the amount of HCI or other acid used can again be 0 to10 mol %, based on the total mols of initial monomers used.
Erampies S
Objects and advantages of this invention are illustrated in the following examples.
Polymers useful in the adhesives of this invention were prepared by the following procedure.
De-ionized water (D.I. water) was charged to a 1-liter resin kettle equipped with a mechanical stirrer, ! ~ ' , an IR2 Therm-O-Watch, a nitrogen inlet, and a refiux condenser. Water, acidic monomers, and HCI if used,were added and the solution heated to 55~C. At 55~C the basic monomer~s) was added. An acidlbase nc.lllaLaL~ reaction occurred and the reaction ~cll~y~.aLu~;15 rose to about 65~C. Then the p~.lylll.,.i~aLull mixture was heated to the initiation t~ ulc;. About 20 minutes after the addition of the basic monomer(s) and at the initiation ~c~-ly.,.a~ul~ the catalyst, pre-dissolved in water, was added. A slow nitrogen purge was started at this time in preparing most of the polymers and started earlier in the i~ .-L;oll of some of the other polymers and to reduce 20 coloring of the polymer solution during the ensuing ~ l l , puly ~
The reaction t~ y~.~alul~; peaked between 88~ and 98~C within 5-15 minutes and would slowly cool and be maintained at the initiation l~ a~ul~i for a total pvlyll.~.iL~Lon time of 2 hours. The polymer was removed from the reactor and the amount of non-volatile polymer soiids and Brookfield viscosities det~nnin~
25 Thepolymerswerecolorless. Specifc ~ J4laLollforeachpolymertypeis described below and Table I shows ru, Illulaliull;~ and reaction parameters for other examples of three polymer types, where "Z" denotes a Lwil~el iulli~. polymer Schc~
(illustrated by formula I1, supra), "A" denotes an a l.yl.u~e.i~, polymer (illustrated Sc~ L
by ~ormula 11~, supra), and "ZtA" denotes a ~ L~:liu~ i., s 1,l .L~. ;.. polyrner 30 (illustrated by ~Y, supra).
AMENDE~ SHEET
wo 96106143 ~ _ J 11~ 5.
Dlustrating the ~ al aliun of a preferred L~ eliu. ic polymer, Ex. 41Z, a 53:47:4 mole ratio DMAE~ AA:HCI L~-' ' ' ~ polymer, D.l. water, 198.7 g, was charged to a I liter resin kettle equipped as above. A fast nitrogen purge was used to clear the reactor of air, then a slow purge was maintained throughout the 5 pu~ Acrylic acid, 25.7 g, and 2.9 g of conc. HCI were added next.
The reaction mixture was heated to 55~C and then 63.2 g of DMAEMA added.
The reaction mixture ~ .Ih.. 1 to 66.5~C and then it was heated to 75~C.
About 20 minutes after the addition of the DMAEMA, 0.5400 g of ammonium persulfate, pre-dissolved in 9.0 g of D.I. water, was added. The reaction 10 c ,~ulh~ ..ed rapidly to 89~C. The pûly~ iLaLuu mixture was allowed to cool back down to 75~C and maintained there for a total pul ,...~,.iLaLiu.. time of 2hours. The polymer was removed from the reactor and was water-clear, colorless, and had a Broolcfield viscosity of 54,1 ûO cps.
Thel~lu~alaliunofapreferredamphotericpolymer~a5l:49:2moleratio DMAEMA:MAA:HCI, Ex 14/A, was as foDows. D.I. water, 263.8 g, was charged to a 1 -liter resin kettle equipped as above. 1' ~ . acid, 41. I g, and 1.9 g of conc HCI were added next. A slow nitrogen purge was started to clear the reactor of air and then maintained throughout the pvl~ i~liun. The reaction mixture was heated to 55~C and 78.2 g of DMAEMA was added. The reaction mixture ~ - .lh . - I to about 65~C and then was heated to 80~C. Twentyminutes after the addition of the DMAEMA, 0.7200 g of potassium persulfate, pre-dissolved in 15.0 g. distiDed water~ was added. The reaction ~ ' ' rapidly to 89.7~C, cooled back down to 80~C and was maintained at 80~C for a total pol~/lll~,.iLalion time of 2 hours. The polymer was removed from the reactor.
It was water-clear and colorless and had a 32,000 cps Brookfield viscosity of 32,000 cps.
The IJlc~a aLùn of a preferred L~iLL,.i.l...c/ , ' polymer, Ex.
24Z/A,a51:24.5:24.5:2moleratioDMAE~A:MAA:A~:HCl,wasasfollows D.I. water, 228.6 g, was charged to a I liter resin kettle equipped as above.
M L~ ' acid, 24.7 g, 20.7 g of acrylic acid and 2.3 g of conc. HCI were added next. The reaction mixture was heated to 55~C and 93.9 g of DMAEMA was . , . . , _ , 2 ~ q595~
added. The reaction mixture .,~ulh~.. ' to 68~C and then was heated to 80~C.
About 20 minutes after the addition of the DMAEMA, 0.700 g of potassium persulfate, pre-disso1ved in 30.0 g of water, was added and a slow nitrogen purge was started. The reaction c.~ui' ' rapid}y to 91~C, cooled back down to 80~C
5 and was maintained at 80~C for a total pU~ fiL li;Un time of 2 hours. The polymer was removed from the reactor. It was water-clear and colorless and had a Brookfield viscosity of 37,800 cps.
The preparation of another preferred ~Wh~ iU~C/~ UltfiC polymer, Ex.
34Z/a, a 50.3:25.1:24.6:2.5 mole ratio DMAEMA:MAA:AA:HCI polymer, was as 10 follows. D.l. water, 308.0 g, was charged to a I liter resin kettle equipped as above; 27.2 grams of ~ acid, 22.3 g of acrylic acid and 3.1 g of conc.
HCI were added ne~t. The reaction mixture was heated to 65.0~C and 99.4 g of DMAEMA was added. The reaction mixture . .~n~ to 76.5~C and was maintained at 77.0~C. About 20 minutes after the addition of the DMAEMA~
0.3380 g of potassium persulfate, pre-dissolved in 40.0 g of D.I. water, was added and a slow nitrogen purge started The reaction ~ :' ' rapid1y to 90.0~C and then cooled back down to 77.0~C. The pul) mixture was maintained at 77.0~C for a total time of 2 hours. The polymer was removed from the reactor. Itwas water-clear and colorless and had a 106,200 cps Brookfield viscosity at 30%
20 solids.
The preparation of a 11~ LW ~ ' ' ' polymer (a 53 :47:4 mole ratio DMAPMAm:AA:HCI, Ex 35/Z) utilizing N,N-~' h ' r UIJ~
...~,llu....~' ', DMAPMAm, is as follows. D.I. water, 159.6, was charged to a 1 liter resin kettle equipped as above. Acrylic acid, 34.5 g, and 3.9 g of conc. HCI
were added next. The reaction mixture was heated to 55.0~C and then 92.0 g of DMAPMAm added. The reaction mixture ~ .Ih ., . ~i to about 67~C and then heated to 75.0~C. About 20 minutes after the addition of the DMAPMAm, 0.7680 g of potassium persulfate, pre-dissolved in 30.0 g of D.l. water, was added. A slow nitrogen purge was started. The reaction c,.ui' ' to 86.3~C in a~ 6 minutes and was allowed to cool back down and maintained at 75.0~C. Two hours after the first initiator charge, 0.0768 g of potassium _ s~
WO96/06143 2 ~ 95959 ~l/u~ l --persulfate was added and the pGI~t iLdliU~I continued for another hour. The polymer was cooled and removed from the reactor. It was water-clear with a very slightly yeilow color and had a 17,440 cps Brookfield viscosity.
The~ llivllofal~ ,amphotericpolymer(a51:49:2mole S ratio DMAPMAm:MAA:HCI, Ex 36A) utiiizing an acrylamide monomer, is as follows. D.l. water, 191.4 g, was charged to a I Gter resin kettle equipped as above. ~,LI.~.~,. ,1;~ acid, 39.0 g, and 1.8 g of conc. HCI were added next. Thereaction mixture was heated to 55.0~C and 80.3 g of DMAP~4m was added.
The reaction mixture ~.~uuh~ ' to 67.5~C and then was heated to 80 0~C
About 20 minut~ a~er the addition of the DMAPMAm~ 0.7200 g of potassium persulfate, pre-dissolved in 30.0 g of D.I. water, was added. A slow nitrogen purge was started at this time and maintained throughout the pul~ ..~ i4d~iUII. The reaction .Ih ....~ l to 84.8~C in 4 rninutes, cooled back down and maintained at80.0~C. Two hours after the first initiator addition, 0.0720 g of ammondum persulfate was added and the reaction stirred for another hour. The polymer was removed from the reactor and labeled. It was water-clear with a slightly yeilow color and had a 2970 cps Brookfield viscosity.
Tbe preparation of a 1~ t~ dlive z~ill~. iu. I , ' polymer (a 50.3 :25.1 :24.6:2.5 mole ratio D~ IAm:MAA:AA:HCI, Ex 37Z/A) utiiizinp an acrylamide monomer was as follows: D.l. water, 191.4 g3 was charged to a I literresin keKle equipped as above. M_~La~ , acid, 20.6 g, 16.9 g of acryiic acid and 2.3 g of conc. HCI were added next. The reaction rnixture was heated to 55.0~C and 81.6 g of DMAPMAm added. The reaction mixture ~ui' ~ to 70.5~C and then was heated to 77.0~C. About 20 minutes after the addition of theDMAEMA, 0.7200 g of potassium persuifate, pre-dissolved in 30.0 g of D.I.
water, was added and a slow nitrogen purge was started. The reaction l, ,--- d to 82.6~C, cooled back down and was maintained at 77.0~C for a total pGl~.. i~.. iOll time of two hours. The poiyrner was removed from the reactor and labeied. It was water-clear with a slightly yellow color and had a 17,680 cps Brookfield viscosity.
- -, iv ~ 2 1 ~595~
w0 96106143 The various aqueous polymer solutions were evaluated as water-based adhesives by the following test method to determine the " 180~ peel adhesion" ofthe adhesive.
The 180~ peel adhesion test was run by coating a 0.63 x 5.08 x 17.78 cm 5 (I~ x 2 x 7 inch) piece of wood (pine) with 250 microns of the test adhesive. A
2.54 x 22.86 cm (I x 9 inch) piece of No. 10 "cotton duck" cloth was centered over the adhesive-coated, wood substrate and a I Kg roller was pulled back and forth over the cotton duck for 5 cycles. The test panels were allowed to dry for24 hours in a 22.2~C (72~F)150% relative humidity room. The 180~ peel 10 adhesions were determined on a Sintech l~S using a 5.06 cm (2-inch)lminute jaw speed. All tests were run in triplicate. Scotch NetO adhesive was run each time as a control or reference and, on average, gave 10.0 N/cm adhesion.
- F S ~
2 1 9~q WO 96/06t43 A ~, IIIJAJ. ~., T bleI
ReaCt~nss~ mOl 'f PnOPerSieS 0r AdheSiVe ACidiC MOnOIner~ SO;;dS V;~ 180~ Prel Wt 'f, CO~;t~ AdbeSjOn, CPS Ne~On5~Cm.
ELB95;C AAMAA M~ IICl' MOn~
mer~
IZ 60 40 ~45 9XOO 7.7 2Z ~ 55 45 37 6600 10.7 3Z 55 45 235 12060 lg.1 4Z 53 47 430 54 jOO 13.7 5Z 53 47 537 16700 9.X
6Z 51 49 224 3600 X.9 7Z 51 49 35 20250 14.4 8Z 51 49 23~ 139400 18.4 9A 60 40 235 7380 13.3 IOA 60 40 240 15720 7.7 l1A 55 45 230 2164 6.5 l2A 55 45 235 6180 17.0 l3A 55 45 240 146000 18.9 l4A 51 49 230 32000 13.7 15A 51 49 235 116000 22.4 16A 45 55 25 4360 6.0 17A 40 60 25 400000 15.6 18A 51 49 245 26000 6.1 19A 51 49 247 5162000C 13.3 20A 51 49 250 14900 7.5 21A 51 49 252 5265000~ 13.1 .
~ ~ 2 1 9 5 ~ 5 9 T~ble I (ConS) Rcsct4nts, mol ~~0 Properhes of AcUIesive Ex. }3asic AA MAA h&lA IA HCI Solid5 Viscosity 180~ Peel Mono- Wt ~~O cps Adhesion, mer' Newtons/cm.
22Z/A 57.4 21.3 21.3 6 30 1856 9.1 23Z/A 51 24.5 24.5 2 30 10320 19.1, 24Z/A 51 24.5 24.5 2 35 37800 24.7 25ZIA 51 24~5 24.5 2 35 51900 21.9 26Z/A 52.1 23.5 23.5 4.7 30 5240 11.6 27Z/A 50 20 30 30 10280 14.0 28Z/A 50 23.3 26.7 30 10760 18.6 29ZIA S0 30 20 30 11120 16.3 30ZIA 40.7 23.4 31.9 6 30 385000 26.8 31Z/A 44.7 31.9 23.4 6 30 126800 11.2 32Z/A 43.1 25 31.9 6 25 143000 22.8 33ZIA 42.6 28.7 2S7 6 30 410000 22.8 34ZIA 50.3 24.6 25.1 2.5 30L 106200 20.9 35Z 53 47 4 40 17440 6.4 36A 51 4g 2 25 2970 5.5 37ZIA 50.3 24.6 25.1 2.5 30 17680 19.3 a The bssic monomer in all examples W85 ~DMAEMA.~ viz, ~ ~ 5~ I
except in Ex. 35Z 36A, aud 37Z/A the basic monomer was b. The ~bL ., . ,4~iu._ for the Acidic Monomers mesn the following:
~AA" hl acrylic acid ~MAA~ ~ methacrylic acid ~MalA~ ~ malcic scld ~IA~ ~ itaconic acid c. The adhesbre was actually a blend of I pgrt of that of Ex. 18A with I part of the same polymer soln. at 50~~0 sollds with a viscosity of 186.000 cps.
d. The adheshfe was acta ally a blend of I part of that of Ex. 20A with 1 psrt of the ssme polymer soln. at 55~~O solids and a viscosity of 400,000~ cps.
e. Amount of HCI recited is mol percent based on totsl mols of monomers charged to ,uul~ reactor.
f. Two portions of the adhesiYe of Ex. 34Z/A diluted with water to 27.5 snd 25% sollds bad Yiscosities of 54300 and 29600 cps, respec~ely, snd had 180~ pcel adhesions of 22.0 snd 15.3 Newtons/cm., respecti~ely.
Al\/IENDED SHEcT
2 ~ 95~59 WO 96/U6143 ' ~
For the ~ t~iulu~, adhesives, Ex IZ through 8Z and 35Z, the higher 180~
peel adhesions were obtained with those systems containing 50 to 55% DMAEMA
at 35% solids, see Ex. 31Z, 71Z and 81Z As the basic monomers increased above 55%, the, ' ~ agent (~CI), had to be increased to maintain adhesion, see Ex 5 IZ, 2Z and 3Z Higher adhesion for these adhesives with higher levels of basic monomers can be obtained by increasing the percent solids of the adhesive as Ex IZ
shows Rc~ lt~Livc arnphoteric adhesives are depicted by Ex 9A thrûugh 21 A
and 36A These polymers provide adhesions similar tû their ~wi~Lclio.uc analogs at 10 similar percent solids, as Ex 121A and 3Z and I SA and 8Z ~ " a ~ When maleic acid and itaconic acid were used, high percent solids of the adhesives were required to obtain higher levels of adhesion, see Ex I 8A and l 9/A and 20A and The, ' of the amphoteric r ~ ~' t~ and the ~,w 15 r ' ' ~,y into the same adhesive polymer to give the L~ ;;tc.;u.~
polymers (Ex. 22Z/A through 34Z/A and 37Z/A) was mûst surprising in that better adhesives than either the ~;U~il;U...~ polymers or the amphoteric by themselves were obtained This can be seen in Table I where the best amphoteric polymers Ex 3Z or 81Z, and the best ~ t~,.;ulu., polymer Ex I SIA, appear to be inferior to 20 these new ~w I . ' polymers Ex 32ZIA to 34ZIA The ~, of this is that the zw ! . ' adhesives "at lower percent solids (polymer)" provide excellent adhesion which is better than the other two In general, the preferred ~;tlt~;ù~lic/al, ' adhesives, at the same percent solids,are stronger than the best amphoteric polymer and the best ~n;~lLI iOlU~ polymer25 The preferred ~.~iUcl;ulli~ ulcl;~. adhesives have higher bond strengths at much lower viscosities than the ~.~.itl~l;ulu~, polymers, compare Ex 23Z/A with 4Z, and at lower percent solids than the ~v;tt~,.iù~u~, and arnphoteric adhesives The effect of the percent solids of these adhesive polymers can be seen by comparing polymer Ex 6/Z with Ex 8/Z, Ex I I/A and 12/A with Ex 13/A, Ex 14/A
~ WO96/06143 ' i 2 7 9 5 9 5 0~ r~l,u~ ~
with Ex 15/A, Ex 20/A with Ex 21/A and Ex 23Z/A with Ex 24Z/A and Ex 25Z/A.
In generai, higher adhesion vaiues are obtained with the higher soiids adhesives.
The adhesive polymer viscosit,v aiso affects adhesion and in general, a higher viscosit,v yields highcr adhesion vaiues. For these ~ ,...." arnphoteric and 5 ~ , ' polymers, a preferred adhesive viscosity range would be from about 2000 to 300,000 cps. A more preferred range would be from 5000 to 150,000 cps and a most preferred range would be from 20,000 to 100,000 cps.
Again, this would depend on the specific polymer ~ and the percent solids of the adhesive.
10 Various .... ~ and alterations of this invention will become apparent to those sicilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of thisinvention.
No. 3,790,533 (Samour) describes pressure-sensiti e adhesive polymers (and certain organic solvent solutions thereofJ of certain carboxylic acid vinyl monomers, for example, acrylic acid and Il~ lla~ l;c acid, an aminoalkyl acrylate, for example, d;~ LIIYLUII;IIOe~IIYI lll~,.La~ .Le, and an aLkyl acrylate (in the3 0 amount from 65 to 99.6C/o by weight of the totai monomers), for example, ethyl acryiate.
DED
. ~ . 21qr~q59 It is aiso known that reiatively low .,O.lC~ dLvll~ of ~wiilc~ iu. i., polymers, or other polymers derived from basic vinyl monomers such as ih~l..hy1~ llvcillyl ~ Ld~,-y~Ld, can be used in water-containing hair treatmentiJlC,Odld~iUII~ or personai care products~see U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,836,537 5 (Boerwinkieetal.),3,927,199(Miccbellietai.?,4,315,910(Nowak,Jr.etai.), 4,814,101 (Schieferstein et al.), 4,994,088 (Ando et ai.~, and 5,045,6i7 (Shih et ai) Other uses of certain carboxy- and arnino-containing polymers in aqueous coating ~o...~ . ,c described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,131,583 (Boerwinkel) and 4,442,248 (Kanda et ai.). U.S. Pat. No. 4,558,741 (Borchardt et ai.) describes amethod of preventing or reducing the ill effects of migrating f nes, e.g., silica f nes, in an earthen formation or well-bore by contacting the f nes with a certain carboxy- and amino-containing polymer which can be dispersed in the amount of 0.01 to 5~~c in a carrier fluid, such as a saline solution.
This invention provides, in one aspect, a water-based adhesive comprising water-soluble polymer having carboxy groups and quaternary ~mmr~n;1lm groups.
The polymer can be derived by ~,v~vlyll~ h.g (or i..~ vl~.".,.;Lillg) one or more ull ~ uldlcd aiiphatic carboxylic acid monomers, for example, acrylic acid andlor r....l..~ li., acid, and ~ky' " yl(meth)acrylate or 20 " y' " y1(meth)a.,.~1~.u ic, for example, ii..l.,.~.~Lulli~v~ d.,lylale or.li.,.~ a,.,illvl..vl.J'l~ lyl~u~u~i~
The water-based adhesive is a viscous liquid that can be made water-clear, colorless, and relatively odorless or free of .,I,;e~ ".~.. .l~lr odor. It can be made free of or~anic solvents and thus superior in safety and ~ ;., ' aspects as 25 compared to solvent-based adhesives, which generaily are opaque or lack clarity and often are not colorless. The adhesive can be made at relatively low cost, packaged in metai or plastic tubes, can sustain freeze-thaw conditions as well as hot ~Clll~..dlUlC without substantial effect on its stabiiity, and it disperses readiiy from the tube, without running, to easily form a desired thin f Im or layer on the 30 substrate to be bonded without di~,vlo~h~d the substrate. The adhesive can beused for a host of bonding purposes, such as for bon ii.,~ ., cardboard, AMENDE~ SHEET
2 ~ 9 ~ 9 5 9 ~ WO')6/û6143 1~,I/V,. ~
.hs, wood, fabric, and other water-permeable or porous substrates. It dries readiiy in air at room ~u~ .a~ule and in dried forrn is clear and water-washable. The bonding strength is . ~'~ high and satisfies the holding strength required of a ' ~ JUa~, household, school, or of fice adhesive.
The polymers, some of which are novel that are used in the water-based adhesives of this invention are, uniess they are exposed to elevated t~,...,.~,. alul c~, which renders them insoluble, soluble in water even after the adhesives are appiied and dried. The polymers can be made in different ionic forrns, nameiy ~wi~lc.iulli-(or dipolar), amphoteric, and in a forrn (believed novel) having both ~w 10 and amphoteric properties. A broad class ofthe polymers can be ~ d the generic structurai formula (I).
Rl Rl R5 Rl --CH2 1-- --CH2¢-- --ICH--C-- --CH2C--C=O C=O R4 C=O C=O
~H (Cl H2)X I Z
R2--N--R3 R2--N H~~ R~N--R3 R3 (CH2h~
(CO2) (A) (B) (C) (D) (Formul~
where the bracketed structures A, B, C, and D are i.-t~ lyll... ;L.~;i units 1~ randomiy repeated and covaiently bonded together in polymer chains, units A and C aiways being present and units B and D ~, ' 'y being present or absent;
each R~ is ~ ~ , a hydrogen atom or lower aikyl group, such as a methyl or ethyl group; R2 and R3 are each; ~ y a C~ to Cl aikyl group, such as methyl and ethyl, each R~ is ', ' '~ a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or COOM; each R~ is ~ I.y a hydrogen atom, a lower aikyl group such as a ,~, ""_, ,~: ~ . !j ~ 2 1 ~ 5 ~ ~ 9 WO96/06143 r~"- e methyl or ethyi group, or CH2COO.M, at least one of R~ and R5 is a hydrogen atom; X is the anion of an organic acid or mineral acid, such as a chloride, sulfate, and acetate; M is a hydrogen atom or an alkali metai atom, such as sodium or ~~potassium; Z is O or NH; and subscripts x and y are i ' r ~ integers of I to 5 3. The repeating units are derived from monomers used to make the polymers.
Alternatively, units D can be derived from some of units A and C ~ia known Micbael addition reactions when aaylic acid is used as a monomer precursor of units C.
The above formula is applicable for polymers having different ionic forms, 10 for example (1) when units D are present and R4 and R5 are hydrogen, the resulting polymer is .;~ ;,Ic. iu.,i., in nature t2) when units D are absent and one of Rl and Rs is hydrogen, the resulting polymer is amphoteric in nature and (3) when all of unites D are present and in some units C both R4 and R5 are hydrogen and some other of units C one of R~ and R5 is hydrogen, the resultinp polymer are 15 ~ ;t~,.iu,uc and zrnphoteric in nature.
Polymers used in this invention can be made by known pol~ ,.;~t;ull techniques such zs free-radicai p~ ;u~ in aqueous solution, for example, at20 to 100~C, using a radical pul~..._. i~il;u.. initiator, such as ammonium persulfate. Polymers prepared in aqueous medium (e.g., at 20 to 55~~ solids) 20 provide an aqueous solution of medium viscosity that enable the adhesives to be packaged, dispensed, and applied in a ready. satisfactory, clean manner.
A subclass of the polymers used in this invention are LW;L~.~.iUlli~ in nature.
They can be made in aqueous medium by reacting in a pc,l~ reactor acrylic acid (AA) and one or more .' " ~ I(meth)acrylates or 25 (meth) i.,.y' ' to form an ionic or L~;tLc~;o...~. (or dipolar) monomer. Basic (or amino) monomers which can be used are N,N- ' ' ,' ~ yl Ill.,d~ yL~ic (DMAEMA), N,N-~' ' .r' ' ,' acrylate (DMAEA), N,N-di~lhy~ ' ~I methacrylate (DEAEMA), N,N-d;~,lhr' - ' ,i acrylate (DEAFA),N,rT..;.~ ' r u~Y~ IL~ ' (DMAPMA)~NN
30 ~ r..-LL~ ' (DMAEMArn),N,N-l" ' r' acrylamide(DMhEAm), N,N- ~ r U~ J
21 95~5~
~ . ~
(DMAPMAm) and the like. The basic monomers undergo a Michael addition reaction vith the AA to form a third monomer, a Zwitterionic monomer, In situ, which is a befa,befa-dialkyl beta-(l h) ~lu~y or al.ud~' " y' betaine or, for example, befa,beta-dimethyl befa-' YIUA~Lh~h r ~ ' ' betaine when DMAEMA is used. In additior.~, small amounts of other monomers such as N-2 ...~ ..,.ylù"y~ yyl)-N,N,N-hy~ chloride, N-vinyl-2-yy~ , vinyl acetate and the like and other additives such as hydl~ ul;~, acid (HCI) may be included herein. The reaction is a reversible Michael addition reaction, with the acidic and basic 10 monomers in equilibrium with the L~;t~ ;olll., compound or monomer. This equilibrium reaction mixture can then be mixed with a free-radical generator (catalyst) and heated to initiate pGI~ iUII. Scheme I illustrates this yl _y~al;~JIl of the ~;tli I polymen Scheme I
CH2=C(CH3)C(O)Z(CH2)2N(CH3k + CH2=cHc02H~
CHz=c(cH3)c(o)z(cH2)2N(cH3)2 + CH2=C(CH3)C(O)Z(CH2kN (CH3)2HCr + CM2=CHCO2H t CHZ=C(CH3)C(O)Z(CH2k~ 2CH2C02 i i = 2 , 5 7 J
wo 96/06143 Cl H3 C~ H3 CH3 --CH2C----CH2/~-- --CH2CI H-- --CH2~--f=o l=o c=o l=o (CH2)x(ICH2h~ H (CIEI2)x N(CM3)2H3C--N~ HCr Nl ~CH3)2 CH3 ( IcEl2h co2 (A~) (B~) (C') (D') The second subclass of polymers that can be used in makin8 the water-based adhesives of this invention are amphoteric in nature and they can be made 5 from basic monomers like those of Scheme I and those acidic monomers that do not under~o a Michael addition reaction, such as ..,~ , acid (MAA), maleic acid, itaconic acid, and crotonic acid, and the like. As above, HCI and small amounts of other monomers can be included. Scheme II illustrates this preparation of the amphoteric polyrner, m which the acidic monomer is ~.u~ul~ ' with an ~ ' or (meth~ ,.y' ' .
~ 2~ 95q59 '~ .
.. .. ..
Scheme II
CH2--C(CH3)C(O)Z(CH2hN(CH3k + CH2=~(CH3)CC~ U + HCI
CH2=C(CH3)C(O)Z(CH2kN(CHsk + CH2--C(CH3~C(O)Z(CH2)2N (CH3kHCI
+ -- ~''0 CH2--~C~ 2H
.
CIH3 CIH3 Cl H3 ~H2CI-- --CH2 1-- --CH2CI ' C=O Cl =0 0=~
I ,, (CH2~ (Cl H2~ H
N(CH3)1 H3C--Nl HCr c~3 (A"') (B"') (C"') The third, and preferred, subclass of the polymers that can be used in the 5 water-based adhesives of this invention are LWi~ iUlli~ and amphoteric in nature.
Such polymers can be prepared from basic monomers like those used in Scheme II and a c~ ;. ., . of two types of acidic monomers, one type of which will undergo a Michael addition reaction. The c .. .~ I ;- . of acidic monomers is used together with one or more basic monomers or ~L~ ,(meth)acrylates or 10 (meth)a~ ,id~. As above in reference to the first subclass of polymers, HCI or other acids and small amounts of other monomers can be used in the p~c~cuali AMENDED SHEET
~ ~ 2195~5~
W0 96106~43 ofthepolymer. Schememiilustratesthisp..r_ ' ofthe~,~;.t~,.;v..l.-amphoteric polymer.
Scheme m CH2=C(CH3)C(O)Y:(CH2)2N(CH3k + CH2=cHco2H
+ CH2=C(CH3)CO2H +~
CH2=C(CH3)C(O)Z(CH~kN (CH3kHCr +
CH2=C(CH3)C(O)Z(CH2kN(CI13k + CH2=CHCO H
+ ~Hz=C(CH3)C~
CH3 CH3 ICH3 fH3 --CH2¢----CH2¢-- --CH2 ~ H-- --CH2lC-- --CH2 ~--f=OC~=O C=O f=O C=O
Z Z O ~ O
(f H2~( I H2: x H ( I H2~ H
N(CH3)2 H3C--Nl ~HCI ~+(CH3)2 CH3 (cH2h co2-(A~ 3-') (C-') (D-') (E~ ) In preparing polymers II and III of Schemes I and 11, the amounts of the initial '' " ~ meth)acrylate or (meth)..." ~' ~ o monomers used can be 40 to 60 mol percent, respectively, the amount of the acrylic or ' ~L., acid used can be 60 to 40 mol %, and the amount of HCI or other acids used can be 0 to 10 mol %, the latter amount being based on the totai mois of initiai monomersused. In prepating polymer IV of Scheme m, the amount of the acrylate or . . ..
~ 2 1 9 5 9 5 ~ ' ' acrylamide used is 40 to 60 mol ~o, the amounts of acrylic and ~ la~ acid can be 5 to 55 mol %, and the amount of HCI or other acid used can again be 0 to10 mol %, based on the total mols of initial monomers used.
Erampies S
Objects and advantages of this invention are illustrated in the following examples.
Polymers useful in the adhesives of this invention were prepared by the following procedure.
De-ionized water (D.I. water) was charged to a 1-liter resin kettle equipped with a mechanical stirrer, ! ~ ' , an IR2 Therm-O-Watch, a nitrogen inlet, and a refiux condenser. Water, acidic monomers, and HCI if used,were added and the solution heated to 55~C. At 55~C the basic monomer~s) was added. An acidlbase nc.lllaLaL~ reaction occurred and the reaction ~cll~y~.aLu~;15 rose to about 65~C. Then the p~.lylll.,.i~aLull mixture was heated to the initiation t~ ulc;. About 20 minutes after the addition of the basic monomer(s) and at the initiation ~c~-ly.,.a~ul~ the catalyst, pre-dissolved in water, was added. A slow nitrogen purge was started at this time in preparing most of the polymers and started earlier in the i~ .-L;oll of some of the other polymers and to reduce 20 coloring of the polymer solution during the ensuing ~ l l , puly ~
The reaction t~ y~.~alul~; peaked between 88~ and 98~C within 5-15 minutes and would slowly cool and be maintained at the initiation l~ a~ul~i for a total pvlyll.~.iL~Lon time of 2 hours. The polymer was removed from the reactor and the amount of non-volatile polymer soiids and Brookfield viscosities det~nnin~
25 Thepolymerswerecolorless. Specifc ~ J4laLollforeachpolymertypeis described below and Table I shows ru, Illulaliull;~ and reaction parameters for other examples of three polymer types, where "Z" denotes a Lwil~el iulli~. polymer Schc~
(illustrated by formula I1, supra), "A" denotes an a l.yl.u~e.i~, polymer (illustrated Sc~ L
by ~ormula 11~, supra), and "ZtA" denotes a ~ L~:liu~ i., s 1,l .L~. ;.. polyrner 30 (illustrated by ~Y, supra).
AMENDE~ SHEET
wo 96106143 ~ _ J 11~ 5.
Dlustrating the ~ al aliun of a preferred L~ eliu. ic polymer, Ex. 41Z, a 53:47:4 mole ratio DMAE~ AA:HCI L~-' ' ' ~ polymer, D.l. water, 198.7 g, was charged to a I liter resin kettle equipped as above. A fast nitrogen purge was used to clear the reactor of air, then a slow purge was maintained throughout the 5 pu~ Acrylic acid, 25.7 g, and 2.9 g of conc. HCI were added next.
The reaction mixture was heated to 55~C and then 63.2 g of DMAEMA added.
The reaction mixture ~ .Ih.. 1 to 66.5~C and then it was heated to 75~C.
About 20 minutes after the addition of the DMAEMA, 0.5400 g of ammonium persulfate, pre-dissolved in 9.0 g of D.I. water, was added. The reaction 10 c ,~ulh~ ..ed rapidly to 89~C. The pûly~ iLaLuu mixture was allowed to cool back down to 75~C and maintained there for a total pul ,...~,.iLaLiu.. time of 2hours. The polymer was removed from the reactor and was water-clear, colorless, and had a Broolcfield viscosity of 54,1 ûO cps.
Thel~lu~alaliunofapreferredamphotericpolymer~a5l:49:2moleratio DMAEMA:MAA:HCI, Ex 14/A, was as foDows. D.I. water, 263.8 g, was charged to a 1 -liter resin kettle equipped as above. 1' ~ . acid, 41. I g, and 1.9 g of conc HCI were added next. A slow nitrogen purge was started to clear the reactor of air and then maintained throughout the pvl~ i~liun. The reaction mixture was heated to 55~C and 78.2 g of DMAEMA was added. The reaction mixture ~ - .lh . - I to about 65~C and then was heated to 80~C. Twentyminutes after the addition of the DMAEMA, 0.7200 g of potassium persulfate, pre-dissolved in 15.0 g. distiDed water~ was added. The reaction ~ ' ' rapidly to 89.7~C, cooled back down to 80~C and was maintained at 80~C for a total pol~/lll~,.iLalion time of 2 hours. The polymer was removed from the reactor.
It was water-clear and colorless and had a 32,000 cps Brookfield viscosity of 32,000 cps.
The IJlc~a aLùn of a preferred L~iLL,.i.l...c/ , ' polymer, Ex.
24Z/A,a51:24.5:24.5:2moleratioDMAE~A:MAA:A~:HCl,wasasfollows D.I. water, 228.6 g, was charged to a I liter resin kettle equipped as above.
M L~ ' acid, 24.7 g, 20.7 g of acrylic acid and 2.3 g of conc. HCI were added next. The reaction mixture was heated to 55~C and 93.9 g of DMAEMA was . , . . , _ , 2 ~ q595~
added. The reaction mixture .,~ulh~.. ' to 68~C and then was heated to 80~C.
About 20 minutes after the addition of the DMAEMA, 0.700 g of potassium persulfate, pre-disso1ved in 30.0 g of water, was added and a slow nitrogen purge was started. The reaction c.~ui' ' rapid}y to 91~C, cooled back down to 80~C
5 and was maintained at 80~C for a total pU~ fiL li;Un time of 2 hours. The polymer was removed from the reactor. It was water-clear and colorless and had a Brookfield viscosity of 37,800 cps.
The preparation of another preferred ~Wh~ iU~C/~ UltfiC polymer, Ex.
34Z/a, a 50.3:25.1:24.6:2.5 mole ratio DMAEMA:MAA:AA:HCI polymer, was as 10 follows. D.l. water, 308.0 g, was charged to a I liter resin kettle equipped as above; 27.2 grams of ~ acid, 22.3 g of acrylic acid and 3.1 g of conc.
HCI were added ne~t. The reaction mixture was heated to 65.0~C and 99.4 g of DMAEMA was added. The reaction mixture . .~n~ to 76.5~C and was maintained at 77.0~C. About 20 minutes after the addition of the DMAEMA~
0.3380 g of potassium persulfate, pre-dissolved in 40.0 g of D.I. water, was added and a slow nitrogen purge started The reaction ~ :' ' rapid1y to 90.0~C and then cooled back down to 77.0~C. The pul) mixture was maintained at 77.0~C for a total time of 2 hours. The polymer was removed from the reactor. Itwas water-clear and colorless and had a 106,200 cps Brookfield viscosity at 30%
20 solids.
The preparation of a 11~ LW ~ ' ' ' polymer (a 53 :47:4 mole ratio DMAPMAm:AA:HCI, Ex 35/Z) utilizing N,N-~' h ' r UIJ~
...~,llu....~' ', DMAPMAm, is as follows. D.I. water, 159.6, was charged to a 1 liter resin kettle equipped as above. Acrylic acid, 34.5 g, and 3.9 g of conc. HCI
were added next. The reaction mixture was heated to 55.0~C and then 92.0 g of DMAPMAm added. The reaction mixture ~ .Ih ., . ~i to about 67~C and then heated to 75.0~C. About 20 minutes after the addition of the DMAPMAm, 0.7680 g of potassium persulfate, pre-dissolved in 30.0 g of D.l. water, was added. A slow nitrogen purge was started. The reaction c,.ui' ' to 86.3~C in a~ 6 minutes and was allowed to cool back down and maintained at 75.0~C. Two hours after the first initiator charge, 0.0768 g of potassium _ s~
WO96/06143 2 ~ 95959 ~l/u~ l --persulfate was added and the pGI~t iLdliU~I continued for another hour. The polymer was cooled and removed from the reactor. It was water-clear with a very slightly yeilow color and had a 17,440 cps Brookfield viscosity.
The~ llivllofal~ ,amphotericpolymer(a51:49:2mole S ratio DMAPMAm:MAA:HCI, Ex 36A) utiiizing an acrylamide monomer, is as follows. D.l. water, 191.4 g, was charged to a I Gter resin kettle equipped as above. ~,LI.~.~,. ,1;~ acid, 39.0 g, and 1.8 g of conc. HCI were added next. Thereaction mixture was heated to 55.0~C and 80.3 g of DMAP~4m was added.
The reaction mixture ~.~uuh~ ' to 67.5~C and then was heated to 80 0~C
About 20 minut~ a~er the addition of the DMAPMAm~ 0.7200 g of potassium persulfate, pre-dissolved in 30.0 g of D.I. water, was added. A slow nitrogen purge was started at this time and maintained throughout the pul~ ..~ i4d~iUII. The reaction .Ih ....~ l to 84.8~C in 4 rninutes, cooled back down and maintained at80.0~C. Two hours after the first initiator addition, 0.0720 g of ammondum persulfate was added and the reaction stirred for another hour. The polymer was removed from the reactor and labeled. It was water-clear with a slightly yeilow color and had a 2970 cps Brookfield viscosity.
Tbe preparation of a 1~ t~ dlive z~ill~. iu. I , ' polymer (a 50.3 :25.1 :24.6:2.5 mole ratio D~ IAm:MAA:AA:HCI, Ex 37Z/A) utiiizinp an acrylamide monomer was as follows: D.l. water, 191.4 g3 was charged to a I literresin keKle equipped as above. M_~La~ , acid, 20.6 g, 16.9 g of acryiic acid and 2.3 g of conc. HCI were added next. The reaction rnixture was heated to 55.0~C and 81.6 g of DMAPMAm added. The reaction mixture ~ui' ~ to 70.5~C and then was heated to 77.0~C. About 20 minutes after the addition of theDMAEMA, 0.7200 g of potassium persuifate, pre-dissolved in 30.0 g of D.I.
water, was added and a slow nitrogen purge was started. The reaction l, ,--- d to 82.6~C, cooled back down and was maintained at 77.0~C for a total pGl~.. i~.. iOll time of two hours. The poiyrner was removed from the reactor and labeied. It was water-clear with a slightly yellow color and had a 17,680 cps Brookfield viscosity.
- -, iv ~ 2 1 ~595~
w0 96106143 The various aqueous polymer solutions were evaluated as water-based adhesives by the following test method to determine the " 180~ peel adhesion" ofthe adhesive.
The 180~ peel adhesion test was run by coating a 0.63 x 5.08 x 17.78 cm 5 (I~ x 2 x 7 inch) piece of wood (pine) with 250 microns of the test adhesive. A
2.54 x 22.86 cm (I x 9 inch) piece of No. 10 "cotton duck" cloth was centered over the adhesive-coated, wood substrate and a I Kg roller was pulled back and forth over the cotton duck for 5 cycles. The test panels were allowed to dry for24 hours in a 22.2~C (72~F)150% relative humidity room. The 180~ peel 10 adhesions were determined on a Sintech l~S using a 5.06 cm (2-inch)lminute jaw speed. All tests were run in triplicate. Scotch NetO adhesive was run each time as a control or reference and, on average, gave 10.0 N/cm adhesion.
- F S ~
2 1 9~q WO 96/06t43 A ~, IIIJAJ. ~., T bleI
ReaCt~nss~ mOl 'f PnOPerSieS 0r AdheSiVe ACidiC MOnOIner~ SO;;dS V;~ 180~ Prel Wt 'f, CO~;t~ AdbeSjOn, CPS Ne~On5~Cm.
ELB95;C AAMAA M~ IICl' MOn~
mer~
IZ 60 40 ~45 9XOO 7.7 2Z ~ 55 45 37 6600 10.7 3Z 55 45 235 12060 lg.1 4Z 53 47 430 54 jOO 13.7 5Z 53 47 537 16700 9.X
6Z 51 49 224 3600 X.9 7Z 51 49 35 20250 14.4 8Z 51 49 23~ 139400 18.4 9A 60 40 235 7380 13.3 IOA 60 40 240 15720 7.7 l1A 55 45 230 2164 6.5 l2A 55 45 235 6180 17.0 l3A 55 45 240 146000 18.9 l4A 51 49 230 32000 13.7 15A 51 49 235 116000 22.4 16A 45 55 25 4360 6.0 17A 40 60 25 400000 15.6 18A 51 49 245 26000 6.1 19A 51 49 247 5162000C 13.3 20A 51 49 250 14900 7.5 21A 51 49 252 5265000~ 13.1 .
~ ~ 2 1 9 5 ~ 5 9 T~ble I (ConS) Rcsct4nts, mol ~~0 Properhes of AcUIesive Ex. }3asic AA MAA h&lA IA HCI Solid5 Viscosity 180~ Peel Mono- Wt ~~O cps Adhesion, mer' Newtons/cm.
22Z/A 57.4 21.3 21.3 6 30 1856 9.1 23Z/A 51 24.5 24.5 2 30 10320 19.1, 24Z/A 51 24.5 24.5 2 35 37800 24.7 25ZIA 51 24~5 24.5 2 35 51900 21.9 26Z/A 52.1 23.5 23.5 4.7 30 5240 11.6 27Z/A 50 20 30 30 10280 14.0 28Z/A 50 23.3 26.7 30 10760 18.6 29ZIA S0 30 20 30 11120 16.3 30ZIA 40.7 23.4 31.9 6 30 385000 26.8 31Z/A 44.7 31.9 23.4 6 30 126800 11.2 32Z/A 43.1 25 31.9 6 25 143000 22.8 33ZIA 42.6 28.7 2S7 6 30 410000 22.8 34ZIA 50.3 24.6 25.1 2.5 30L 106200 20.9 35Z 53 47 4 40 17440 6.4 36A 51 4g 2 25 2970 5.5 37ZIA 50.3 24.6 25.1 2.5 30 17680 19.3 a The bssic monomer in all examples W85 ~DMAEMA.~ viz, ~ ~ 5~ I
except in Ex. 35Z 36A, aud 37Z/A the basic monomer was b. The ~bL ., . ,4~iu._ for the Acidic Monomers mesn the following:
~AA" hl acrylic acid ~MAA~ ~ methacrylic acid ~MalA~ ~ malcic scld ~IA~ ~ itaconic acid c. The adhesbre was actually a blend of I pgrt of that of Ex. 18A with I part of the same polymer soln. at 50~~0 sollds with a viscosity of 186.000 cps.
d. The adheshfe was acta ally a blend of I part of that of Ex. 20A with 1 psrt of the ssme polymer soln. at 55~~O solids and a viscosity of 400,000~ cps.
e. Amount of HCI recited is mol percent based on totsl mols of monomers charged to ,uul~ reactor.
f. Two portions of the adhesiYe of Ex. 34Z/A diluted with water to 27.5 snd 25% sollds bad Yiscosities of 54300 and 29600 cps, respec~ely, snd had 180~ pcel adhesions of 22.0 snd 15.3 Newtons/cm., respecti~ely.
Al\/IENDED SHEcT
2 ~ 95~59 WO 96/U6143 ' ~
For the ~ t~iulu~, adhesives, Ex IZ through 8Z and 35Z, the higher 180~
peel adhesions were obtained with those systems containing 50 to 55% DMAEMA
at 35% solids, see Ex. 31Z, 71Z and 81Z As the basic monomers increased above 55%, the, ' ~ agent (~CI), had to be increased to maintain adhesion, see Ex 5 IZ, 2Z and 3Z Higher adhesion for these adhesives with higher levels of basic monomers can be obtained by increasing the percent solids of the adhesive as Ex IZ
shows Rc~ lt~Livc arnphoteric adhesives are depicted by Ex 9A thrûugh 21 A
and 36A These polymers provide adhesions similar tû their ~wi~Lclio.uc analogs at 10 similar percent solids, as Ex 121A and 3Z and I SA and 8Z ~ " a ~ When maleic acid and itaconic acid were used, high percent solids of the adhesives were required to obtain higher levels of adhesion, see Ex I 8A and l 9/A and 20A and The, ' of the amphoteric r ~ ~' t~ and the ~,w 15 r ' ' ~,y into the same adhesive polymer to give the L~ ;;tc.;u.~
polymers (Ex. 22Z/A through 34Z/A and 37Z/A) was mûst surprising in that better adhesives than either the ~;U~il;U...~ polymers or the amphoteric by themselves were obtained This can be seen in Table I where the best amphoteric polymers Ex 3Z or 81Z, and the best ~ t~,.;ulu., polymer Ex I SIA, appear to be inferior to 20 these new ~w I . ' polymers Ex 32ZIA to 34ZIA The ~, of this is that the zw ! . ' adhesives "at lower percent solids (polymer)" provide excellent adhesion which is better than the other two In general, the preferred ~;tlt~;ù~lic/al, ' adhesives, at the same percent solids,are stronger than the best amphoteric polymer and the best ~n;~lLI iOlU~ polymer25 The preferred ~.~iUcl;ulli~ ulcl;~. adhesives have higher bond strengths at much lower viscosities than the ~.~.itl~l;ulu~, polymers, compare Ex 23Z/A with 4Z, and at lower percent solids than the ~v;tt~,.iù~u~, and arnphoteric adhesives The effect of the percent solids of these adhesive polymers can be seen by comparing polymer Ex 6/Z with Ex 8/Z, Ex I I/A and 12/A with Ex 13/A, Ex 14/A
~ WO96/06143 ' i 2 7 9 5 9 5 0~ r~l,u~ ~
with Ex 15/A, Ex 20/A with Ex 21/A and Ex 23Z/A with Ex 24Z/A and Ex 25Z/A.
In generai, higher adhesion vaiues are obtained with the higher soiids adhesives.
The adhesive polymer viscosit,v aiso affects adhesion and in general, a higher viscosit,v yields highcr adhesion vaiues. For these ~ ,...." arnphoteric and 5 ~ , ' polymers, a preferred adhesive viscosity range would be from about 2000 to 300,000 cps. A more preferred range would be from 5000 to 150,000 cps and a most preferred range would be from 20,000 to 100,000 cps.
Again, this would depend on the specific polymer ~ and the percent solids of the adhesive.
10 Various .... ~ and alterations of this invention will become apparent to those sicilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of thisinvention.
Claims (28)
1. A zwitterionic water-based adhesive comprising a water-soluble polymer represented by the formula:
where:
R1 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, R2 and R3 are each independently a C1 to C4 alkyl group, X is the anion of an organic acid or a mineral acid, M is hydrogen or an alkali metal, Z is oxygen or NH, and x and y are independently integers of 1 to 3; and wherein:
(a)the polymer is sythesized from a reation mixture of 51 to 60 mole % of a unit A monomer and 40 to 49 mole % of a unit C monomer, (b) units A, B, C, and D are interpolymerized units which are randomly repeated and covalently bonded together in the polymer chain, (c) units A, C and D are always present, and (d) units B is present or absent.
where:
R1 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, R2 and R3 are each independently a C1 to C4 alkyl group, X is the anion of an organic acid or a mineral acid, M is hydrogen or an alkali metal, Z is oxygen or NH, and x and y are independently integers of 1 to 3; and wherein:
(a)the polymer is sythesized from a reation mixture of 51 to 60 mole % of a unit A monomer and 40 to 49 mole % of a unit C monomer, (b) units A, B, C, and D are interpolymerized units which are randomly repeated and covalently bonded together in the polymer chain, (c) units A, C and D are always present, and (d) units B is present or absent.
2. The adhesive according to claim 26 where both R4 and R5 are hydrogen in some units C and only one of R4 and R5 is hydrogen in some other units C.
3. The adhesive according to claim 2, wherein unit A is present as unit A', unit B is present as unit B', unit C is present as unit C' and unit D is present as unit D' as represented by the formula;
where:
Z is oxygen or NH, and x is an integer of 1 to 3.
where:
Z is oxygen or NH, and x is an integer of 1 to 3.
4. The adhesive according to claim 3 wherein said polymer is made by polymerizing acrylic acid and one or more dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamides or dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylates.
5. The adhesive according to claim 3 wherein said polymer is made by polymerizing N,-N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and acrylic acid.
6. The adhesive according to claim 3 wherein said polymer is made by polymerizing N,N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide and acrylic acid.
7. The adhesive according to claim 1, wherein unit A is present as unit A", unit B
is present as unit B", and unit C is present as unit C" as represented by the formula:
where:
Z is oxygen or NH, and x is an integer of 1 to 3.
is present as unit B", and unit C is present as unit C" as represented by the formula:
where:
Z is oxygen or NH, and x is an integer of 1 to 3.
8 . The adhesive according to claim 7 wherein said polymer is made by polymerizing methacrylic acid and one or more dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylates or dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamides.
9. The adhesive according to claim.7 wherein said polymer is made by polymerizing N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid.
10. The adhesive according to claim 7 wherein said polymer is made by polymerizing N,N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide and methacrylic acid.
11. The adhesive according to claim 1, wherein unit A is present as unit A''', unit B
is present as unit B''', unit C is present as both unit C''' and unit E''', and unit D is present as unit D''', as represented by the formula:
where:
Z is oxygen or NH, and x is an integer of 1 to 3.
is present as unit B''', unit C is present as both unit C''' and unit E''', and unit D is present as unit D''', as represented by the formula:
where:
Z is oxygen or NH, and x is an integer of 1 to 3.
12 . The adhesive according to claim 11 wherein said polymer is made by polymerized acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
13 . The adhesive according to claim 11 wherein said polymer is made by polymerizing acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide.
14. A water-soluble polymer represented by the formula of claim 1 where in some C units both R4 and R5 are hydrogen ant some other units C one of R4 and R5 is hydrogen.
15. A method of preparing the adhesive of claim 11 which comprises polymerizing (i) acrylic acid, (ii) methacrylic acid, and (iii) at least one of dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide and dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylamide.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein said adhesive is prepared bt polymerizing (i) acrylic acid, (ii) methacrylic acid, and (iii) dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
17. The method of claim 15 wherein said adhesive is prepared by polymerizing (i) acrylic acid, (ii) methacrylic acid, and (iii) dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide.
18. An amphoteric water-based adhesive comprising a water-soluble polymer represented by the formula:
where:
R1 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, R2 and R3 are each independently a C1 to C4 alkyl group, R4 is hydrogen, a methyl group or COOM, R5 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or CH2COOM, with at least one of R4 and R5 being a hydrogen atom, X is the anion of an organic acid or a mineral acid, M is hydrogen or an alkali metal, Z is oxygen or NH, and x and y are independently integers of 1 to 3; and wherein:
(a) the polymer is synthesized from a reaction mixture of 40 to 60 mole % of a unit A monomer and 40 to 60 mole % of a unit C monomer with the unit A and unit C monomers incapable of undergoing any appreciable Michael addition reaction with each other, (b) units A, B, and C are interpolymerized units which are randomly repeated andcovalently bonded together in the polymer chain, (c) units A and C are always present, and (d) unit B is present or absent.
where:
R1 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, R2 and R3 are each independently a C1 to C4 alkyl group, R4 is hydrogen, a methyl group or COOM, R5 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or CH2COOM, with at least one of R4 and R5 being a hydrogen atom, X is the anion of an organic acid or a mineral acid, M is hydrogen or an alkali metal, Z is oxygen or NH, and x and y are independently integers of 1 to 3; and wherein:
(a) the polymer is synthesized from a reaction mixture of 40 to 60 mole % of a unit A monomer and 40 to 60 mole % of a unit C monomer with the unit A and unit C monomers incapable of undergoing any appreciable Michael addition reaction with each other, (b) units A, B, and C are interpolymerized units which are randomly repeated andcovalently bonded together in the polymer chain, (c) units A and C are always present, and (d) unit B is present or absent.
19. A water-based adhesive exhibiting both a zwitterionic and an amphoteric character, comprising a water-soluble polymer represented by the formula:
where:
R1 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, R2 and R3 are each independently a C1 to C4 alkyl group, R4 is hydrogen, a methyl group or COOM, R5 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or CH2COOM, with at least one of R4 and R5 being a hydrogen atom, X is the anion of an organic acid or a mineral acid, M is hydrogen or an alkali metal, Z is oxygen or NH, and x and y are independently integers of 1 to 3; and wherein:
(a) the polymer is synthesized from a reaction mixture of 40 to 57 mole % of a unit A monomer and 43 to 60 mole % of at least two different unit C monomers with, (i) 40 to 60 % of the unit C monomer comprising a monomer capable of undergoing a Michael addition reaction with the unit A monomer, and (ii) 40 to 60 % of the unit C monomer comprising a monomer incapable of undergoing any appreciable Michael addition reaction with the unit A monomer, (b) units A, B, C and D are interpolymerized units which are randomly repeated and covalently bonded together in the polymer chain, (c) units A, C and D are always present, and (d) unit B is present or absent.
where:
R1 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, R2 and R3 are each independently a C1 to C4 alkyl group, R4 is hydrogen, a methyl group or COOM, R5 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or CH2COOM, with at least one of R4 and R5 being a hydrogen atom, X is the anion of an organic acid or a mineral acid, M is hydrogen or an alkali metal, Z is oxygen or NH, and x and y are independently integers of 1 to 3; and wherein:
(a) the polymer is synthesized from a reaction mixture of 40 to 57 mole % of a unit A monomer and 43 to 60 mole % of at least two different unit C monomers with, (i) 40 to 60 % of the unit C monomer comprising a monomer capable of undergoing a Michael addition reaction with the unit A monomer, and (ii) 40 to 60 % of the unit C monomer comprising a monomer incapable of undergoing any appreciable Michael addition reaction with the unit A monomer, (b) units A, B, C and D are interpolymerized units which are randomly repeated and covalently bonded together in the polymer chain, (c) units A, C and D are always present, and (d) unit B is present or absent.
20. A method of preparing the adhesive of claim 1 which comprises polymerizing acrylic acid, and at least one of the dialkylamioalkyl acrylate, dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, dialkylaminoethyl acrylamide and dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylamide.
21. The method of claim 20 wherein said adhesive is prepared by polymerizing acrylic acid and N,N-dimenthylaminopropyl methacrylate.
22. The method of claim 20 wherein said adhesive is prepared by polymerizing acrylic acid and N,N-dimethylaminoprpyl methacrylamide.
23. A method of preparing the adhesive of claim 18 which comprises polymerizing methacrylic acid and at least one of dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide and dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylamide.
24. The method of claim 23 wherein the adhesive is prepared by polymerizing methacrylic acid and N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
25. The method of claim 23 wherein said adhesive is prepared by polymerizing methacrylic acid and N,N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrlamide.
26. A method of using the adhesive of 1 comprising:
(a) coating a first surface with the adhesive, and (b) contacting the coated surface with a second surface in such a manner and for a time sufficient to allow the adhesive to bond to both surfaces.
(a) coating a first surface with the adhesive, and (b) contacting the coated surface with a second surface in such a manner and for a time sufficient to allow the adhesive to bond to both surfaces.
27. A method of using the adhesive of claim 18 comprising:
(a) coating a first surface with the adhesive, and (b) contacting the coated surface with a second surface in such a manner and for a time sufficient to allow the adhesive to bond to both surfaces.
(a) coating a first surface with the adhesive, and (b) contacting the coated surface with a second surface in such a manner and for a time sufficient to allow the adhesive to bond to both surfaces.
28. A method of using the adhesive of claim 19 comprising:
(a) coating a first surface with the adhesive, and (b) contacting the coated first surface with a second surface in such a manner and for a time sufficient to allow the adhesive to bond to both surfaces.
(a) coating a first surface with the adhesive, and (b) contacting the coated first surface with a second surface in such a manner and for a time sufficient to allow the adhesive to bond to both surfaces.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US29322594A | 1994-08-19 | 1994-08-19 | |
| US08/293,225 | 1994-08-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2195959A1 true CA2195959A1 (en) | 1996-02-29 |
Family
ID=23128223
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002195959A Abandoned CA2195959A1 (en) | 1994-08-19 | 1995-07-03 | Water-based adhesives |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5652296A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0776352A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH10504596A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2195959A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996006143A1 (en) |
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| US5775425A (en) * | 1995-03-29 | 1998-07-07 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Control of fine particulate flowback in subterranean wells |
| US6047772A (en) * | 1995-03-29 | 2000-04-11 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Control of particulate flowback in subterranean wells |
| US5839510A (en) * | 1995-03-29 | 1998-11-24 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Control of particulate flowback in subterranean wells |
| US6209643B1 (en) | 1995-03-29 | 2001-04-03 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Method of controlling particulate flowback in subterranean wells and introducing treatment chemicals |
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| DE3130992A1 (en) * | 1981-08-05 | 1983-02-24 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | Polymeric flocculant for the treatment of industrial water, effluent, drinking water and the like |
| JPS5829806A (en) * | 1981-08-18 | 1983-02-22 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Production of aqueous polymer solution |
| JPS5859266A (en) * | 1981-10-05 | 1983-04-08 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | Water paint composition |
| JPS58104999A (en) * | 1981-12-18 | 1983-06-22 | Kao Corp | Metal rolling oil composition |
| US4536445A (en) * | 1981-12-28 | 1985-08-20 | Raychem Corporation | Elastomer based adhesive compositions |
| US4921902A (en) * | 1984-02-02 | 1990-05-01 | The Dow Chemical Company | Hydrophobie associative composition containing a polymer of a water-soluble monomer and an amphiphilic monomer |
| US4558741A (en) * | 1984-02-28 | 1985-12-17 | Halliburton Company | Methods of minimizing fines migration in subterranean formations |
| EP0213649B1 (en) * | 1985-07-05 | 1989-05-03 | Akzo N.V. | Process for coating an electrically conductive substrate and an aqueous coating composition based on a cationic binder |
| EP0217274A3 (en) * | 1985-09-30 | 1988-06-29 | Kao Corporation | Hair cosmetic composition |
| US5110864A (en) * | 1986-05-19 | 1992-05-05 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Cationic monomer delayed addition process |
| DE3624813A1 (en) * | 1986-07-23 | 1988-03-10 | Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh | AMPHOTERE WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMERS, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND THEIR USE AS DISPERSING AIDS |
| JPH0662779B2 (en) * | 1986-11-11 | 1994-08-17 | 住友化学工業株式会社 | Aqueous dispersion of cationic polymer and its use |
| US5171781A (en) * | 1987-01-30 | 1992-12-15 | Allied Colloids Limited | Polymeric compositions |
| DE3708451A1 (en) * | 1987-03-16 | 1988-10-06 | Henkel Kgaa | ZWITTERIONIC POLYMERS AND THEIR USE IN HAIR TREATMENT AGENTS |
| DE3734753A1 (en) * | 1987-10-14 | 1989-05-03 | Henkel Kgaa | WATER-SOLUBLE ALL-GLUE |
| DE3824303A1 (en) * | 1988-07-18 | 1990-02-01 | Henkel Kgaa | USE OF COPOLYMERS CONTAINING AMINO GROUPS IN AQUEOUS PREPARATION AS ADHESIVES |
| US5045617A (en) * | 1988-08-25 | 1991-09-03 | Isp Investments Inc. | Zwitterion terpolymers of a vinyl lactam, an amino alkyl acrylamide or acrylate, and a polymerizable carboxylic acid |
| US4996045A (en) * | 1988-11-16 | 1991-02-26 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Hair fixative compositions containing alpha-aminomethylene phosphonate betaines |
| DE4009310A1 (en) * | 1990-03-23 | 1991-09-26 | Agfa Gevaert Ag | GRANULATED PHOTOCHEMICALS |
| DE4023271A1 (en) * | 1990-07-21 | 1992-01-23 | Hoechst Ag | Thermosetting hydrophilic copolymer - having acid and basic side gps. and N-butoxy-methyl-carbamoyl gps., used for treating lithographic substrate |
| DE4216167A1 (en) * | 1992-05-18 | 1993-11-25 | Roehm Gmbh | Water soluble polymer dispersions |
-
1995
- 1995-07-03 CA CA002195959A patent/CA2195959A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-07-03 JP JP8508046A patent/JPH10504596A/en active Pending
- 1995-07-03 WO PCT/US1995/008288 patent/WO1996006143A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-07-03 EP EP95925417A patent/EP0776352A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1996
- 1996-03-15 US US08/617,533 patent/US5652296A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1996006143A1 (en) | 1996-02-29 |
| JPH10504596A (en) | 1998-05-06 |
| US5652296A (en) | 1997-07-29 |
| EP0776352A1 (en) | 1997-06-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |