CA2198111C - Method and antenna for providing an omnidirectional pattern - Google Patents
Method and antenna for providing an omnidirectional pattern Download PDFInfo
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- CA2198111C CA2198111C CA002198111A CA2198111A CA2198111C CA 2198111 C CA2198111 C CA 2198111C CA 002198111 A CA002198111 A CA 002198111A CA 2198111 A CA2198111 A CA 2198111A CA 2198111 C CA2198111 C CA 2198111C
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- input
- loop
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- balun
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q11/12—Resonant antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/18—Vertical disposition of the antenna
Abstract
The present invention provides a method (400) and antenna (100) for providing an omnidirectional pattern. The antenna (100) is smaller than prior art omnidirectional antennas with the same bandwidth. The smaller size is made possible by the use of at least one capacitive element (104) at a discontinuity in the loop (102). The pattern is balanced and therefore the omnidirectionality is maintained by the current maximum (110 and 112) that are created by the capacitive element (104).
Description
WO 97101197 ~ ~ q 8 ~ ,."41 .
I
METHOD AND ANTENNA FOR PROVIDING AN OMNIDIRECTIONAL
PATrERN
J
Field of the invention The present invention relates generally to antennas and more particularly to omnidirectional antennas.
Background of the Invention O" ,ni.li,~.;liunal loop antennas in prior art are small with regard to the operating wavelength and therefore have a 15 narrow frequency bdnd.~id~h of operation and are not well suited for many communication systems. To increase the operating bandwk~ll, the size of the loop is increased. As the loop is made larger the current distribution around the loop is no longer uniform and the radiation pattern is not 20 o""l;di,e.;lional but has dilt:uli~lldlily. As the band~;dlll is increased the size of the antenna increases and the O"",id;,tl,;lional pattern may be affected. This can be e~ ssed in the form of a table of different size loops e~ ssed in terms of the wavelength of the center frequency 25 of the operating band as shown below. As the loop varies from a circumference of 0.2 wavelengths to 0.5 wavelengths the unusable bdlldv~idlll as exl-rt,ssed as a percentage of the center frequency varies from 0.14% to 9.0~/O. However the uniformity of the pattern degrades . If the maximum response is 30 compared to the minimum response in the azimuth plane this can be expressed in decibels and shown in the table below.
WO9?/01197 2 1 98 t 1 I P~,lll .' /41 .
GrclJ~Irt:r~nce Radiation Bandwidth in Azimuth Max. to in Wavelengths Resistance Percentage Minimum in dB
0.2 0.32 Ohms 0.14 YO 1.0 dB
0.3 1.5 Ohms 0.56 % 2.0 dB
0.4 5.18 Ohms 2.33% 4.0 dB
0.5 12.3 Ohms 6.45 %. 6.0 dB
When the loop is made large enough for the b~rld..;dLII to be great enough to be usable in typical communication systems, typically greater than 5.0Yo, then the azimuth pattern becomes 5 non-uniform with peaks and nulls. These nulls produce degraded pe,ru;rlldnce when they are in the direction of the site of the other antenna in the RF communication link.
O""~idile~Lional, vertically polarized antennas, usually 10 called electric dipoles, are well known and often used in communication systems. In land mobile, cellular and other base-to-mobile communication systems, the signal is reflected from many surrounding objects and these, erle~ Lions combine in constructive and destructive ways. When the combination is 15 destructive, the signal is canceled and communication is impossible. If however, a second antenna using holi~ur,lal polarization was available, an alternate or diversity communication path would be available. For this second path to be effective the second antenna has to be isolated and 20 decorrelated from the first. A very effective way of ac- u~ hil)g this is to have the pola, i~a~ions of the antennas to be orthogonal. Because the first antennas are usually vertically polarized, the second antenna should be horizontally polarized.
WO97/01197 21 q~ 7 ~ ~ PCTIUS96105741 There exists, therefore, a need for a method and antenna for providing o,l",i.li,t~ ional pattern, wherein the antenna is smaller than prior art with co~ ,a,dl)le bandwidth.
Brief Des~ lions of the Drawings FIG. 1 is a diagram of one embodiment of an antenna for providing an or"" ' ~,Liooal polarized pattern in dccolddnce with 10 the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a second embodiment of an antenna for providing an or"nidi~ io,ldl polarized pattem in a~;~onid"ce with the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graphical l~ r~sellldlion of retum loss of the loop antenna in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of step for 20 implementing a method for providing an omnidirectional pattern in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Elllbodi"lt:"l~
Generally, the present invention provides a method and antenna for providing an omnidirectional pattern with a small structure.
The present invention is more fully described in FlGs 1 - 4.
FIG. 1, numeral 100, is a diagram of one embodiment of an antenna for providing an omnidirectional pattern in accordance W097/~1197 2 ~ 98 1 1 i F~ .,/41 with the present invention. The loop (102) is a discontinuous loop comprising at least a first capacitive element (104), feed point (106) and matching network (108). A discontinuity is introduced to balance the o""~idi,e~ lional llall~lll;SSiu" pattem.
5 By using the capacitive element (104) current maximums (110 and 11 Z) are located on either side of the loop (102) to balance the lldns,,,issio,1 pattern. At 800 MHz, the capacitors are about 0.7 pico-Farads.
FIG. 2, numeral 200, is a diagram of a second embodiment of an antenna for providing an omnidirectional pattern in accordance with the present invention. The antenna (200) ~o",~lises an electric dipole (202) and a loop (204).
The electric dipole (202) receives a first input (206). The loop (204) receives a second input (208). The electric dipole (202) utilizes a dipoie integral "bazooka" balun for common mode operation. The loop (204) is shown in greater detail in figure 1.
The loop (204) utilizes an infinite loop balun for common mode 20 operation. the loop balun is achieved by using a twisted pair lldlls,,,ission line with a small diameter for the wires of the ldllSI "ission line.
The antenna may include a hybrid coupler (210) for ~5 inputting one sense circular polarization to the first input (206) and the opposite sense to the second input (208). The second input (208) is equal in amplitude to the first input (206) and the phase of the second input (208) is in quadrature with the phase of the first input (206). The hybrid coupler (210) provides the first 30 input ~206) and the second input (208) with a left hand circular input (214) and a right hand circular input (212).
WO 97/01197 I ~,l/u, ~ .14l 27~8! 1 1 The electric dipole (20Z) consists of two conductive cylinders d,up~ux~ aLely one quarter wavelength and equal in size and located collinear with each other. These are made of brass but any highly conductive metal could be used. The length of each 5 cylinder is slightly shorter that one quarter of a wavelength at the center frequency the center of the operating band of frequencies. The diameter of the cylinders is about one tenth of the length. Connection to the dipole is made across a gap between the two cylinders with the coaxial cable running coaxially with 10 the lower cylinder. The lower cylinder forms the balun in addition to being one section of the dipole. The loop is made from copper tubing about one two-hundredth of a wavelength in diameter. The diameter of the loop is one seventh of a wavelength. The loop is discontinuous at two points and 15 Udl aui~o,S are connected across the discontinuities. The value of the capacitors is selected to cause It:sulldllce at the center frequency of operation. At 800 MHz, the capacitors are about 0.7 pico-Farads. Because the circumference of the loop is nearly one half wavelength, the current distribution is non uniform around 20 the loop. Without the capacitors a single current maximum occurs which is therefore offset from the center of the loop. The hybrid couplers ~210) are co",r"eluially available FIG. 3, numeral 300, is a graphical representation of retum 25 loss in accordance with the present invention. The return loss (302) is a function of frequency (304). The retum losses of the electric dipole (308) and the loop (312) are centered a center frequency fO (306). The return loss of prior art loops (310) has a substantially narrower bandwidth than the retum loss of the loop 30 in the present invention (312).
I
METHOD AND ANTENNA FOR PROVIDING AN OMNIDIRECTIONAL
PATrERN
J
Field of the invention The present invention relates generally to antennas and more particularly to omnidirectional antennas.
Background of the Invention O" ,ni.li,~.;liunal loop antennas in prior art are small with regard to the operating wavelength and therefore have a 15 narrow frequency bdnd.~id~h of operation and are not well suited for many communication systems. To increase the operating bandwk~ll, the size of the loop is increased. As the loop is made larger the current distribution around the loop is no longer uniform and the radiation pattern is not 20 o""l;di,e.;lional but has dilt:uli~lldlily. As the band~;dlll is increased the size of the antenna increases and the O"",id;,tl,;lional pattern may be affected. This can be e~ ssed in the form of a table of different size loops e~ ssed in terms of the wavelength of the center frequency 25 of the operating band as shown below. As the loop varies from a circumference of 0.2 wavelengths to 0.5 wavelengths the unusable bdlldv~idlll as exl-rt,ssed as a percentage of the center frequency varies from 0.14% to 9.0~/O. However the uniformity of the pattern degrades . If the maximum response is 30 compared to the minimum response in the azimuth plane this can be expressed in decibels and shown in the table below.
WO9?/01197 2 1 98 t 1 I P~,lll .' /41 .
GrclJ~Irt:r~nce Radiation Bandwidth in Azimuth Max. to in Wavelengths Resistance Percentage Minimum in dB
0.2 0.32 Ohms 0.14 YO 1.0 dB
0.3 1.5 Ohms 0.56 % 2.0 dB
0.4 5.18 Ohms 2.33% 4.0 dB
0.5 12.3 Ohms 6.45 %. 6.0 dB
When the loop is made large enough for the b~rld..;dLII to be great enough to be usable in typical communication systems, typically greater than 5.0Yo, then the azimuth pattern becomes 5 non-uniform with peaks and nulls. These nulls produce degraded pe,ru;rlldnce when they are in the direction of the site of the other antenna in the RF communication link.
O""~idile~Lional, vertically polarized antennas, usually 10 called electric dipoles, are well known and often used in communication systems. In land mobile, cellular and other base-to-mobile communication systems, the signal is reflected from many surrounding objects and these, erle~ Lions combine in constructive and destructive ways. When the combination is 15 destructive, the signal is canceled and communication is impossible. If however, a second antenna using holi~ur,lal polarization was available, an alternate or diversity communication path would be available. For this second path to be effective the second antenna has to be isolated and 20 decorrelated from the first. A very effective way of ac- u~ hil)g this is to have the pola, i~a~ions of the antennas to be orthogonal. Because the first antennas are usually vertically polarized, the second antenna should be horizontally polarized.
WO97/01197 21 q~ 7 ~ ~ PCTIUS96105741 There exists, therefore, a need for a method and antenna for providing o,l",i.li,t~ ional pattern, wherein the antenna is smaller than prior art with co~ ,a,dl)le bandwidth.
Brief Des~ lions of the Drawings FIG. 1 is a diagram of one embodiment of an antenna for providing an or"" ' ~,Liooal polarized pattern in dccolddnce with 10 the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a second embodiment of an antenna for providing an or"nidi~ io,ldl polarized pattem in a~;~onid"ce with the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graphical l~ r~sellldlion of retum loss of the loop antenna in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of step for 20 implementing a method for providing an omnidirectional pattern in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Elllbodi"lt:"l~
Generally, the present invention provides a method and antenna for providing an omnidirectional pattern with a small structure.
The present invention is more fully described in FlGs 1 - 4.
FIG. 1, numeral 100, is a diagram of one embodiment of an antenna for providing an omnidirectional pattern in accordance W097/~1197 2 ~ 98 1 1 i F~ .,/41 with the present invention. The loop (102) is a discontinuous loop comprising at least a first capacitive element (104), feed point (106) and matching network (108). A discontinuity is introduced to balance the o""~idi,e~ lional llall~lll;SSiu" pattem.
5 By using the capacitive element (104) current maximums (110 and 11 Z) are located on either side of the loop (102) to balance the lldns,,,issio,1 pattern. At 800 MHz, the capacitors are about 0.7 pico-Farads.
FIG. 2, numeral 200, is a diagram of a second embodiment of an antenna for providing an omnidirectional pattern in accordance with the present invention. The antenna (200) ~o",~lises an electric dipole (202) and a loop (204).
The electric dipole (202) receives a first input (206). The loop (204) receives a second input (208). The electric dipole (202) utilizes a dipoie integral "bazooka" balun for common mode operation. The loop (204) is shown in greater detail in figure 1.
The loop (204) utilizes an infinite loop balun for common mode 20 operation. the loop balun is achieved by using a twisted pair lldlls,,,ission line with a small diameter for the wires of the ldllSI "ission line.
The antenna may include a hybrid coupler (210) for ~5 inputting one sense circular polarization to the first input (206) and the opposite sense to the second input (208). The second input (208) is equal in amplitude to the first input (206) and the phase of the second input (208) is in quadrature with the phase of the first input (206). The hybrid coupler (210) provides the first 30 input ~206) and the second input (208) with a left hand circular input (214) and a right hand circular input (212).
WO 97/01197 I ~,l/u, ~ .14l 27~8! 1 1 The electric dipole (20Z) consists of two conductive cylinders d,up~ux~ aLely one quarter wavelength and equal in size and located collinear with each other. These are made of brass but any highly conductive metal could be used. The length of each 5 cylinder is slightly shorter that one quarter of a wavelength at the center frequency the center of the operating band of frequencies. The diameter of the cylinders is about one tenth of the length. Connection to the dipole is made across a gap between the two cylinders with the coaxial cable running coaxially with 10 the lower cylinder. The lower cylinder forms the balun in addition to being one section of the dipole. The loop is made from copper tubing about one two-hundredth of a wavelength in diameter. The diameter of the loop is one seventh of a wavelength. The loop is discontinuous at two points and 15 Udl aui~o,S are connected across the discontinuities. The value of the capacitors is selected to cause It:sulldllce at the center frequency of operation. At 800 MHz, the capacitors are about 0.7 pico-Farads. Because the circumference of the loop is nearly one half wavelength, the current distribution is non uniform around 20 the loop. Without the capacitors a single current maximum occurs which is therefore offset from the center of the loop. The hybrid couplers ~210) are co",r"eluially available FIG. 3, numeral 300, is a graphical representation of retum 25 loss in accordance with the present invention. The return loss (302) is a function of frequency (304). The retum losses of the electric dipole (308) and the loop (312) are centered a center frequency fO (306). The return loss of prior art loops (310) has a substantially narrower bandwidth than the retum loss of the loop 30 in the present invention (312).
2 1 q 8 1 1 I PCT/US96/05741 "Q" is defined in the art to be ratio of two pi times the energy stored by a reactive element to the energy dissipated over one cycle in a resonant circuit. Q is therefore equal to the ratio of the reactance of the loop to the radiation It:si~d"ce of the 5 loop as shown below.
Q= Xl/Rr Where: Xl = the inductive reactance of the loop, and Rr = the 10 radiation ~esi~Ldnce of the loop.
"Q" is also a measure of how much usable frequency bandwidth an antenna provides. It is equal to the center frequency of operation divided by the half-power bandwidth as 15 shown below.
Q = Fcenter~(Fmax - Fmin) Where Fmax is the maximum frequency of operation, Fmin is the 20 minimum frequency of operation, and Fcenter is the center frequency of operation.
To obtain the usable bandwidths of 5~/0, which are typical of many communication systems, the Q should be less that Z0. This 25 requires that the reactance "Xl" be no more than 20 times the radiation rr-si~ldnce~ "Rr" of equation 1.
For electrically small loops, the radiation r~ ld"ce is very small but it increases as the fourth power of the diameter 30 of the loop. The reactance is much larger than the resistance but it increases only linearly with diameter. Therefore, an WO97/01197 2 ~ 9 8 1 ~ 1 1~,IIIJ.. ,1 ~.~141 .
i"ri"ilesi"~al'y small loop has an infinite "Q" and it decreases rapidly as the loop is made larger.
FIG. 4, numeral 400, is a flow diagram of one embodiment of 5 steps for implementing a method for providing both ho, i~onlally and vertically polarized omnidi,eLlional patterns in accordance with the present invention. A first input is received by an electric dipole (402), and a second input is received by a loop ~404). The loop is a discontinuous loop ~o",~,lis;"g at least a 10 first capacitive element at a discontinuity to balance the 011 In;.lil ~Llional ll dl ISI l ,ission pattern.
The electric dipole utilizes a coaxial or "bazooka" dipole balun to allow connection coaxially to the dipole. The loop 15 utilizes a separate balun for operation co-located with the dipole. The loop balun is achieved by a coaxial or "bazooka" balun or by using a twisted-pair l,d"s",;ssion line with a small diameter wires for each conductor. The transmission line connecting to the loop is decoupled from the antenna structure by 20 using the same coaxial or "bazooka" balun used by the electric dipole . The separate coaxial feedlines may be located in parallel while passing through the lower tube which forms the lower arm of the dipole and the balun for the electric dipole.
Circular polarization may be provided by the co-located electric dipole and loop by LonlleLlil,g them to a common RF
signal source with equal RF signal magnitude and with a phase quadrature relationship between them . The first input for the electric dipole and the second input for the loop antenna, by a hybrid coupler (406). The second input is equal in amplitude to the first input and the phase of the second input is in quadrature with the phase of the first input. A hybrid combiner provides two WO97/01197 21 9i~t 1 t 1 r ~ 41 .
isolated inputs with oi ll,ogonal quadrature relationships. The hybrid can thus provide both left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized signals simultaneously and independently.
Thus, the present invention provides a method and antenna for providing an electrically small or"n;.li,~lional horizontally polarized pattern. The antenna element may be co-located and i"dep~"dt:"lly ~o~",e._~ed with an electric dipole. With such a structure, a multiplicity of wave poldri~d~iolls are available for diversity to improve the reliability of a communications system.
In-door, RF, data communication systems are improved by using circular polarization. A small antenna of this type will have dlJpt ~ lioll in cordless phone and micro cellular base stations.
The advantages are the antenna is a smaller size than prior art of the same bandwidth due to being integrated and collocated with the dipole, a receiving antenna such as a hand held antenna can be in any orientation, and the antenna can be low cost with baluns.
Although exemplary embodiments are described above it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that many alterations and modiri~:dlions may be made without departing from the invention. Accordingly it is intended that all such dllerdli~,"s and modiricdlions be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Q= Xl/Rr Where: Xl = the inductive reactance of the loop, and Rr = the 10 radiation ~esi~Ldnce of the loop.
"Q" is also a measure of how much usable frequency bandwidth an antenna provides. It is equal to the center frequency of operation divided by the half-power bandwidth as 15 shown below.
Q = Fcenter~(Fmax - Fmin) Where Fmax is the maximum frequency of operation, Fmin is the 20 minimum frequency of operation, and Fcenter is the center frequency of operation.
To obtain the usable bandwidths of 5~/0, which are typical of many communication systems, the Q should be less that Z0. This 25 requires that the reactance "Xl" be no more than 20 times the radiation rr-si~ldnce~ "Rr" of equation 1.
For electrically small loops, the radiation r~ ld"ce is very small but it increases as the fourth power of the diameter 30 of the loop. The reactance is much larger than the resistance but it increases only linearly with diameter. Therefore, an WO97/01197 2 ~ 9 8 1 ~ 1 1~,IIIJ.. ,1 ~.~141 .
i"ri"ilesi"~al'y small loop has an infinite "Q" and it decreases rapidly as the loop is made larger.
FIG. 4, numeral 400, is a flow diagram of one embodiment of 5 steps for implementing a method for providing both ho, i~onlally and vertically polarized omnidi,eLlional patterns in accordance with the present invention. A first input is received by an electric dipole (402), and a second input is received by a loop ~404). The loop is a discontinuous loop ~o",~,lis;"g at least a 10 first capacitive element at a discontinuity to balance the 011 In;.lil ~Llional ll dl ISI l ,ission pattern.
The electric dipole utilizes a coaxial or "bazooka" dipole balun to allow connection coaxially to the dipole. The loop 15 utilizes a separate balun for operation co-located with the dipole. The loop balun is achieved by a coaxial or "bazooka" balun or by using a twisted-pair l,d"s",;ssion line with a small diameter wires for each conductor. The transmission line connecting to the loop is decoupled from the antenna structure by 20 using the same coaxial or "bazooka" balun used by the electric dipole . The separate coaxial feedlines may be located in parallel while passing through the lower tube which forms the lower arm of the dipole and the balun for the electric dipole.
Circular polarization may be provided by the co-located electric dipole and loop by LonlleLlil,g them to a common RF
signal source with equal RF signal magnitude and with a phase quadrature relationship between them . The first input for the electric dipole and the second input for the loop antenna, by a hybrid coupler (406). The second input is equal in amplitude to the first input and the phase of the second input is in quadrature with the phase of the first input. A hybrid combiner provides two WO97/01197 21 9i~t 1 t 1 r ~ 41 .
isolated inputs with oi ll,ogonal quadrature relationships. The hybrid can thus provide both left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized signals simultaneously and independently.
Thus, the present invention provides a method and antenna for providing an electrically small or"n;.li,~lional horizontally polarized pattern. The antenna element may be co-located and i"dep~"dt:"lly ~o~",e._~ed with an electric dipole. With such a structure, a multiplicity of wave poldri~d~iolls are available for diversity to improve the reliability of a communications system.
In-door, RF, data communication systems are improved by using circular polarization. A small antenna of this type will have dlJpt ~ lioll in cordless phone and micro cellular base stations.
The advantages are the antenna is a smaller size than prior art of the same bandwidth due to being integrated and collocated with the dipole, a receiving antenna such as a hand held antenna can be in any orientation, and the antenna can be low cost with baluns.
Although exemplary embodiments are described above it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that many alterations and modiri~:dlions may be made without departing from the invention. Accordingly it is intended that all such dllerdli~,"s and modiricdlions be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method for providing an improved omnidirectional pattern, the method comprising:
receiving a first input by an electric dipole; and receiving a second input by a conductive loop, wherein the conductive loop is a discontinuous loop comprising at least a first capacitive element at a discontinuity to balance the omnidirectional transmission pattern, further comprising an initial step of inputting circular polarization to the first input and the second input by a hybrid coupler, and the antenna further comprises a hybrid coupler for inputting circular polarization, wherein the second input is equal in amplitude to the first input and the phase of the second input is in quadrature with the phase of the first input, wherein the electric dipole includes two conductive cylinders, each having a length of approximately one quarter of a wavelength of a center frequency of an operating band of frequencies and the conductive cylinders are equal in size, located collinear with each other and have a diameter of substantially one-tenth of the length, wherein a diameter of the conductive loop is substantially one-seventh of the wavelength of the center frequency of the operating band of frequencies, and wherein uniformity of omnidirectionality is obtained within 0.2 dB.
receiving a first input by an electric dipole; and receiving a second input by a conductive loop, wherein the conductive loop is a discontinuous loop comprising at least a first capacitive element at a discontinuity to balance the omnidirectional transmission pattern, further comprising an initial step of inputting circular polarization to the first input and the second input by a hybrid coupler, and the antenna further comprises a hybrid coupler for inputting circular polarization, wherein the second input is equal in amplitude to the first input and the phase of the second input is in quadrature with the phase of the first input, wherein the electric dipole includes two conductive cylinders, each having a length of approximately one quarter of a wavelength of a center frequency of an operating band of frequencies and the conductive cylinders are equal in size, located collinear with each other and have a diameter of substantially one-tenth of the length, wherein a diameter of the conductive loop is substantially one-seventh of the wavelength of the center frequency of the operating band of frequencies, and wherein uniformity of omnidirectionality is obtained within 0.2 dB.
2. An antenna for providing an omnidirectional pattern, the antenna comprising:
a conductive loop oriented in a horizontal plane for receiving a first input to provide a current distribution, the loop contains at least a first discontinuity and is larger than 0.5 wavelengths in circumference; and at least a first capacitive element at the discontinuities to modify the current distribution on the conductive loop and thus provide the omnidirectional pattern, further comprising an electric dipole, operably coupled to the conductive loop, passing through a center of the conductive loop and perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the conductive loop, for receiving a second input, and wherein the antenna further comprises a hybrid coupler for inputting circular polarization, wherein the second input is equal in amplitude to the first input and the phase of the second input is in quadrature with the phase of the first input, wherein the electric dipole includes two collinear conductive cylinders, one on each side of the horizontal plane of the conductive loop, each conductive cylinder having a length of approximately one quarter of a wavelength of a center frequency of an operating band of frequencies, the conductive cylinders being equal in size and each conductive cylinder having a diameter of substantially one-tenth of the length of the conductive cylinder, wherein a diameter of the conductive loop is substantially one-seventh of the wavelength of the center frequency of the operating band of frequencies, and wherein uniformity of omnidirectionality is obtained within 0.2 dB.
a conductive loop oriented in a horizontal plane for receiving a first input to provide a current distribution, the loop contains at least a first discontinuity and is larger than 0.5 wavelengths in circumference; and at least a first capacitive element at the discontinuities to modify the current distribution on the conductive loop and thus provide the omnidirectional pattern, further comprising an electric dipole, operably coupled to the conductive loop, passing through a center of the conductive loop and perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the conductive loop, for receiving a second input, and wherein the antenna further comprises a hybrid coupler for inputting circular polarization, wherein the second input is equal in amplitude to the first input and the phase of the second input is in quadrature with the phase of the first input, wherein the electric dipole includes two collinear conductive cylinders, one on each side of the horizontal plane of the conductive loop, each conductive cylinder having a length of approximately one quarter of a wavelength of a center frequency of an operating band of frequencies, the conductive cylinders being equal in size and each conductive cylinder having a diameter of substantially one-tenth of the length of the conductive cylinder, wherein a diameter of the conductive loop is substantially one-seventh of the wavelength of the center frequency of the operating band of frequencies, and wherein uniformity of omnidirectionality is obtained within 0.2 dB.
3. The antenna of claim 2 wherein the conductive loop utilizes a loop balun that is one of a coaxial balun and a balun for common mode operation.
4. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the electric dipole utilizes a dipole balun that is one of a coaxial balun and a balun for common mode operation.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US49303995A | 1995-06-21 | 1995-06-21 | |
| US08/493,039 | 1995-06-21 | ||
| PCT/US1996/005741 WO1997001197A1 (en) | 1995-06-21 | 1996-04-26 | Method and antenna for providing an omnidirectional pattern |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2198111A1 CA2198111A1 (en) | 1997-01-09 |
| CA2198111C true CA2198111C (en) | 2000-01-11 |
Family
ID=23958656
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002198111A Expired - Lifetime CA2198111C (en) | 1995-06-21 | 1996-04-26 | Method and antenna for providing an omnidirectional pattern |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5751252A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0776530A4 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1081836C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU691111B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2198111C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997001197A1 (en) |
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| WO2003052435A1 (en) | 2001-08-21 | 2003-06-26 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | Membrane probing system |
| US6608602B2 (en) * | 2001-11-06 | 2003-08-19 | Intel Corporation | Method and apparatus for a high isolation dual port antenna system |
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| ES2821832T3 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2021-04-27 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | Site-directed modification of FVIII |
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| US8164528B2 (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2012-04-24 | Dockon Ag | Self-contained counterpoise compound loop antenna |
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| US8462061B2 (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2013-06-11 | Dockon Ag | Printed compound loop antenna |
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| US8164537B2 (en) * | 2009-05-07 | 2012-04-24 | Mororola Mobility, Inc. | Multiband folded dipole transmission line antenna |
| CN101777704B (en) * | 2010-02-21 | 2013-02-06 | 摩比天线技术（深圳）有限公司 | Indoor omnidirectional antenna |
| US8164532B1 (en) | 2011-01-18 | 2012-04-24 | Dockon Ag | Circular polarized compound loop antenna |
| US8654022B2 (en) | 2011-09-02 | 2014-02-18 | Dockon Ag | Multi-layered multi-band antenna |
| WO2013064910A2 (en) | 2011-11-04 | 2013-05-10 | Dockon Ag | Capacitively coupled compound loop antenna |
| US9324020B2 (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2016-04-26 | Nxp B.V. | Antenna structures and methods for omni directional radiation patterns |
| US20140313093A1 (en) | 2013-04-17 | 2014-10-23 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson | Horizontally polarized omni-directional antenna apparatus and method |
| JP2015070587A (en) * | 2013-10-01 | 2015-04-13 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Antenna and electronic device |
| US9419347B2 (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2016-08-16 | City University Of Hong Kong | Circularly polarized antenna |
| TWI533522B (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-05-11 | 啟碁科技股份有限公司 | Miniature antenna and antenna module thereof |
| CN110635224A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2019-12-31 | 湘南学院 | Broadband antenna based on fire sprinkler head |
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| US5469180A (en) * | 1994-05-02 | 1995-11-21 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for tuning a loop antenna |
-
1996
- 1996-04-26 EP EP96913132A patent/EP0776530A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-04-26 AU AU55735/96A patent/AU691111B2/en not_active Expired
- 1996-04-26 CA CA002198111A patent/CA2198111C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-26 CN CN96190659A patent/CN1081836C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-26 WO PCT/US1996/005741 patent/WO1997001197A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1997
- 1997-10-24 US US08/959,291 patent/US5751252A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1997001197A1 (en) | 1997-01-09 |
| US5751252A (en) | 1998-05-12 |
| EP0776530A1 (en) | 1997-06-04 |
| EP0776530A4 (en) | 1998-06-10 |
| CA2198111A1 (en) | 1997-01-09 |
| CN1081836C (en) | 2002-03-27 |
| AU691111B2 (en) | 1998-05-07 |
| AU5573596A (en) | 1997-01-22 |
| CN1157061A (en) | 1997-08-13 |
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