CA2201352C

CA2201352C - Multi-channel transceiver having an adaptive antenna array and method

Info

Publication number: CA2201352C
Application number: CA002201352A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Paul Fielding Smith; Robert Mark Harrison
Original assignee: Motorola Inc
Current assignee: Google Technology Holdings LLC
Priority date: 1995-07-31
Filing date: 1996-06-12
Publication date: 2001-02-27
Anticipated expiration: 2016-06-12
Also published as: FI971122A; FR2737621B1; FR2737621A1; CA2201352A1; FI116110B; GB2308030B; US5748683A; US5912927A; SE9701116D0; SE523421C2; SE9701116L; WO1997005704A1; GB9703205D0; DE19680765C1; FI971122A0; GB2308030A

Abstract

A receiver (100), transmitter (200) and transceiver (400) in accordance with the present invention overcome the disadvantages of applying adaptive antenna array technology to multi-channel communication systems. Multi-channel radio frequency (RF) signals received via an adaptive antenna array (102) are converted from an analog form to a digital form prior to splitting and processing to recover communication channels contained therein. A number of digital communication signals are digitally combined into a multi-channel digital signal and converted from the digital form to an analog radio frequency form prior to transmission from the adaptive antenna array.

Description

~ WO 97/05704 PCT/US96/10142 2201 35~

MULTI-CHANNEL TRANSCEIVER HAVING AN ADAPTIVE
ANTENNA ARRAY AND METHOD

Field of the Invention s The present invention relates to multi-channel transceivers, and more particularly, to a multi-channel transceiver having an adaptive antenna array and a method of multi-channel transceiving through an adaptive antenna array.

Background of the Invention Adaptive antenna array technology is known to provide enhanced performance for radio communication systems. Adaptive 15 antenna array systems provide greater range and capacity over traditional antenna technology due to increased antenna gain.
Adaptive antenna arrays also provide the ability to "customize"
coverage patterns through "beam-forming" further enhancing system performance.
In spite of these advantages, adaptive antenna array technology has not found widespread application in multi-channel communication systems. This is primarily due to the losses and signal degradation resulting from combining the large number of analog signals (in transmit mode) and splitting the large number of analog signals (in receive mode) required in multi-channel communication systems. The losses and signal degradation generally more than offset any advantage gained through l1tili7~fion of the adaptive antenna array.

Therefore, there is a need for an apparatus and method of combining and splitting communication signals in a multi-channel communication systems which does not generate significant loses hence making adaptive antenna array technology applicable to multi-channel communication systems. Such a device and method are WO 97/05704 PCT/US96/10142 ~

-2- 22o1 35~

provided by the present invention, and one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciated the many advantages and features of the present invention from the following detailed description and accompanying drawings of several preferred embodiments.
~ :
Brief Description of the Drawings FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a receiver in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a transmitter in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a typical antenna array which may be advantageously employed with the either the digital receiver of FIG. 1 or the tr~n~mittçr of FIG. 2; and lS FIG. 4 is a block diagram of wideband multi-channel digital transceiver which may advantageously employ the present invention.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments The receiver? transmitter and transceiver of the present invention overcome the disadvantages of applying adaptive antenna array technology to multi-channel commllnication systems. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, digital signal combining and splitting is utilized to avoid losses and signal degradation. Multi-channel radio frequency (RF) signals received via an adaptive antenna array are converted from an analog form to a digital forrn prior to splitting and processing to recover communication channels contained therein. A number of digital communication signals are digitally combined into a multi-channel digital signal and converted from the digital form to an analog radio frequency form prior to tr~n.~mi~sion from the adaptive antenna array.

~ WO 97/05704 PCT/US96/10142

-3- 22 01 35~

With reference to FIG. 1, a multi-channel receiver lO0, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, includes an adaptive antenna array 102 (shown more clearly in FIG.
3) having a plurality of antenna elements 104 which are coupled, 5 respectively, to a plurality of receive RF elements 106. Receive RF
elements 106 are coupled to a plurality of digital conversion modules 108 which are coupled to a channel processor 110. Multi-channel analog RF ~ign~ are received at antenna elements 104 and processed by receive RF elements to respectively produce multi-10 channel digital signals. The multi-channel digital signals are digitally down-converted in digital down-converters 112 within digital conversion modules 108 to baseband digital signals.
The baseband digital signals, respectively associated with each antenna element, are then communicated to channel processor 110 15 for democl~ ting and recovering a communication channel from a baseband digital signal. Also included in channel processor 110 are a plurality of digital phase/gain adjusters 1 14, each coupled to receive a baseband digital signal associated with one of antenna elements 104 and each having an output coupled to a digital summer 20 116. Phase/gain adjusters 114 operate on the baseband digital signal, as is known for antenna array technology, for directing the reception pattern of antenna elements 104 toward a particular transmitter operating in the communication system. The outputs of phase/gain adjusters 1 l 4 are then summed by digital summer 1 l 6 25 and processed via processor l 18 for recovering a communication channel. The recovered communication channel is then communicated to the communication system via a suitable interface (not shown). In the preferred embodiment, phase/gain adjusters 114 are implemented as part of channel processor l lO to minimi7e 30 control routing and delay times. Moreover, it is contemplated that phase/gain adjusters 114 and digital summer 116 be implemented in software operating on processor l l 8 performing the channel processing function.

..

4 PCT/US96/10142 ~

With continued reference to FIG. 1, each of the receive RF
elements 106 include RF to intermediate frequency (IF) conversion circuitry 120 and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 122. ADCs 122 receive IF analog signals from conversion circuitry 120 and

5 convert the signals to IF digital signals. A digital splitter 124 is coupled to the output of receive RF elements 106 and provides for splitting the IF digital signal to digital converters (not shown) associated with additional channel processors (not shown) for recovering multiple communication channels. As will be 10 appreciated, since the sign~ received by antenna elements 104 are split in a digital form losses and signal degradation are substantially reduced for the multi-channel receiver 100.
With reference now to FIG. 2., multi-channel transmitter 200 incorporating the present invention, includes a channel processor 15 210 having a plurality of outputs each of which is associated with one of antenna elements 104 of antenna array 102. As shown, processor 218 receives sign~ls from the commllnication system via a suitable interface (not shown) and outputs a baseband digital signal corresponding to a collllllullication channel of the system. The 20 baseband digital signal is split into a plurality of baseband digital signals corresponding to the number of antenna elements via splitter 216. The split signals are then communicated to phase/gain adjusters 214 which operate on the baseband digital signals, as is known for antenna arrays,-for ultimately directing the radiation pattern of the 25 signals once processed and transmitted from antenna elements 104.
The outputs from channel processor 210 are digitally up-converted to digital IF signals by digital up-converters 212 contained in digital conversion modules 208. The digital IF signals are then communicated to transmit RF elements 206. Each transmit RF
30 element includes a digital summer 224 for summing digital IF
signals corresponding to additional comrnunication channels processed by other channel processors into a multi-channel digital IF
signal. The multi-channel digital IF signal is then converted by digital-to-analog converters (DACs) 222 to an IF analog signal ~ W097/05704 PCT~S96/10142 -5- 2201 ~

which is then processed and amplified by RF circuitry 220 before being radiated from antenna elements 104. As described, the phase of the signals was suitably adjusted by phase/gain adjusters 214 at the digital level, such that a particular radiation pattern is generated 5 from antenna elements 104 for directing the radiated signals toward a receiver operating in the commllnication system. Moreover, since this processing is accomplished at the digital level, and since the multi-channel combining is accomplished at the digital level, losses and signal degradation are subst~nti~lly reduced for the multi-10 channel transmitter 200.
FIG. 4 illustrates a multi-channel digital transceiver 400 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Antenna array 402, which may be as shown in FIG. 3, has a plurality of antenna elements 404 coupled to RF processing cards 15 406. Each RF processing card 406 contains the elements of receive RF elements 106 and transmit RF elements 206. That is, for receive, RF processing cards 406 each contain RF circuitry 408 for converting the received RF analog signal to IF analog signals and ADC 410 for converting the IF analog signals to IF digital signals.
20 Similarly for transmit, the RF processing cards contain a digital summer 412, DAC 414 and RF circuitry 418 for converting the IF
analog signal from the DAC to an RF analog signal. Nc~e that RF
processing cards 406 differ slightly from those previously described, as multi-tone linear power amplifiers 420 are coupled to outputs of 25 RF processing cards 406 for amplifying the RF analog signals prior to ra(li~fing the signals from antenna elements 404. Both input and output paths of RF processing cards 406 are coupled via a suitable duplex device 422 to antenna elements 404.
In general, RF processing cards 406 are coupled via a backplane 30 bus structure 424 to a plurality of digital converter modules 426.
The digital converter modules 426 contain a plurality of digital down-converters 430 for converting the IF digital signals to basebarid digital signals in receive. They also contain a plurality of digital up-converters 432 for converting baseband digital signals to WO 97/OS704 PCT/US96/10142 ~

-6- 2201 35~

IF digital signals in tr~nsmit As shown, IF digital signals are selectively coupled via receive busses 428a/428b or transmit busses 429a/429b (busses 428c/d and 429 c/d not shown) between digital converter modules 426 and RF processing cards 406. The baseband S digital sign~l~ to/from the digital converter modules 426 are then communicated via a bus structure 434 to a plurality of channel processing cards 436 which contain a plurality of channel processors 438 to operate on the signals, as described above, to recover col"~ ication channels contained in received signals and to 10 generate transmit communication signals. The communication channels are interfaced, receive or transmit, to the communication system via a suitable interface 440. It will be appreciated that at least as many digital up-converters and digital down-converters are provided as desired communication channels, traffic, sign~ling"
15 scanning or the like, in the commlmication system 200.
With continued reference to FIG. 4 and reference to FIG. 3, the antenna elements 104 are group for servicing sectors 302, 304, and 306, respectively, of a sectored comml-nication system. As shown, each face 308, 310 and 312, respectively, of antenna array 102 has 20 four antenna elements 104, individually labeled a, b, c and d, with one element from each group a, b, c and d assigned to a face 308 -312 of antenna array 102. In the preferred embodiment. each antenna element 104 of a group is coupled to a group of RF
processing cards 406 via a group bus, for example busses 428a and 25 429a for antenna elements 104a, to the digital conversion modules 426. Moreover, the groups a, b, c and d of antenna elements are bifurcated between a pair of processing shelves 442 and 11~, respectively such that the antenna elements of two groups are contained on first shelf 442 and the antenna elements of the 30 rem~ining two groups are contained on second shelf 444. As is evident, any communication channel from any channel processor 438 may be coupled to the groups a, b, c, and d of antenna elements on a face 308 - 312 of antenna array 104. If however, channel processors, RF processing cards, digital conversion modules, busses, ~ WO 97/05704 PCT/US96/10142 _7_ ~2 01 35~

or entire shelves of components fail in service, the result is only a reduction in the system capacity and/or performance.
~ till additional advantages may be gained from the unique structure of transceiver. With reference to FIG. 3, there is illustrate 5 as sectors 302 - 306 of a communication cell formed about antenna array 102. Traditionally, when a subscriber, via a mobile communication unit, is operating in a sector of a communication cell, only antenna elements associated with the face of the antenna array servicing that sector of the cell are operable for servicing the 10 conllllullication unit. However, transceiver 400 of the present invention may be dynamically configured to enhance the coverage provided to the communication unit. As the commllnication unit moves from sector 302 to sector 304, for example, element 104a assigned to face 302 no longer effectively services the 15 communication unit. To compensate, element 104a associated with face 304 is brought up to service the communication unit while element 104a associated with face 302 is deactivated. In this manner. areas of poor communication quality normally associated with a transition from one sector to another sector may be reduced 20 or elimin~ted.
Thus it is readily appreciated that the present invention overcomes the deficiencies associated with applying antenna array technology to multi-channel communication systems by providing for digital signal splitting and combining. Moreover, the unique 25 transceiver structure of the present invention provides enhanced system reliability and improved performance. In addition, further advantages and modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. The invention, in its broader aspects, is therefore not - limited to the specific details, representative apparatus, and 30 illustrative examples shown and described herein. Various modification and variation can be made to the above specification without varying from the scope or spirit of the invention, and it is intended that the present invention cover all such modifications and , .

PCT/US96/10142 _ -8- 22 01 35~

variations provided they come within the scope of the followin~
claims and their equivalents.

Claims

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. A multi-channel receiver comprising:
a plurality of radio frequency processing elements, each radio frequency processing element comprising:
a radio frequency down converter having an input coupled to radio frequency signals received at one of a plurality of antenna elements of an antenna array and having an intermediate frequency signal output;
an analog-to-digital converter having an input coupled to the intermediate frequency signal output and a digital intermediate frequency signal output;
a digital sputter having an input coupled to the digital intermediate frequency output and a plurality of outputs;
a plurality of digital down-converters, each digital down-converter having an input coupled to one of the digital splitter outputs and a digital baseband frequency signal output; and a channel processing element comprising:
a plurality of phase selectors, each phase selector having an input coupled to one of the digital baseband frequency signal outputs and a phase selected output;
a summer having a plurality of inputs each coupled to the phase selected output of the phase selectors and a summed signal output; and a channel processor, the channel processor having an input coupled to the summed signal output and a communication signal output.

2. The multi-channel receiver of claim 1 wherein the antenna array comprises a plurality of faces and a plurality of antenna elements associated with each face.

3. The multi-channel receiver of claim 2 wherein each of the plurality of antenna elements associated with each face is coupled to one of the plurality of radio frequency processing elements.

4. The multi-channel receiver of claim 1 further comprising first and second radio frequency processing shelves the first radio frequency processing shelve comprising a first portion of the plurality of radio frequency processing elements and the second radio frequency processing shelve comprising a second portion of the plurality of radio frequency processing elements.

5. The multi-channel receiver of claim 1 wherein each channel processing element comprises a plurality of channel processors.

6. An apparatus for receiving radio frequency communications comprising:
an antenna array having a plurality of antenna elements each for receiving radio frequency signals;
radio frequency processor means associated with each antenna element:
for converting each of the radio frequency signals to a digital intermediate frequency signal;
for digitally down converting the digital intermediate frequency signal to a baseband intermediate frequency signal; and for splitting the baseband intermediate frequency signal into a plurality of substantially identical baseband intermediate frequency signals; and channel processing means, coupled to receive for each antenna element one of the substantially identical baseband intermediate frequency signals:
for phase selecting each of the baseband intermediate frequency signals;
for summing the phase selected baseband intermediate frequency signals; and for processing the summed signal to recover a communication signal contained therein.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the antenna array has a plurality of faces and a plurality of antenna elements associated with each face.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein each of the plurality of antenna elements associated with the faces is selectively coupled to the channel processing means.

9. A method of receiving radio frequency communications comprising:
receiving radio frequency signals at a plurality of elements of an antenna array;
for each element of the antenna array:
converting each of the radio frequency signals to a digital intermediate frequency signal;

digitally down converting the digital intermediate frequency signal to a baseband intermediate frequency signal; and splitting the baseband intermediate frequency signal into a plurality of substantially identical baseband intermediate frequency signals;
and one of the substantially identical baseband intermediate frequency signals of each of the antenna elements:
phase selecting the baseband intermediate frequency signals;
summing the phase selected baseband intermediate frequency signals; and processing the summed signal to recover a communication signal contained therein.

10. A multi-channel transmitter comprising:
a channel processing element comprising:
a channel processor having an input coupled to receive a communication signal from a communication network and a processed digital communication signal output:
a sputter having an input coupled to the processed digital communication signal output and a plurality of substantially identical processed digital communication signal outputs;
a plurality of phase adjusters each having an input coupled to one of the substantially identical processed digital communication signal outputs and a phase adjusted signal output; and a plurality of digital up-converters, each digital up-converter having an input coupled to one of the phase adjusted signal outputs and each having a digital intermediate frequency output;
and a plurality of radio frequency processing elements, each radio frequency processing element being coupled to one of the plurality digital intermediate frequency outputs and each radio frequency processing element comprising:
a digital summer having a plurality of inputs one of which being coupled to the digital intermediate frequency output and having a summed signal output;
a digital-to-analog converter having an input coupled the summed signal output and an analog intermediate frequency signal output; and a radio frequency processor having an input coupled to the intermediate frequency signal output and an amplified radio frequency signal output;
and an antenna array having a plurality of antenna elements respectively coupled to the plurality of radio frequency processing elements.

11. The multi-channel transmitter of claim 10 wherein the antenna array comprises a plurality of faces and a plurality of antenna elements associated with each face.

12. The multi-channel transmitter of claim 11 wherein one each of the plurality of antenna elements associated with each face is coupled to one of the plurality of radio frequency processing elements.

13. The multi-channel transmitter of claim 10 further comprising first and second radio frequency processing shelves the first radio frequency processing shelve comprising a first portion of the plurality of radio frequency processing elements and the second radio frequency processing shelve comprising a second portion of the plurality of radio frequency processing elements.