CA2210702A1 - Surgical stapling system and method of applying staples from multiple staple cartridges - Google Patents

Surgical stapling system and method of applying staples from multiple staple cartridges

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Publication number
CA2210702A1
CA2210702A1 CA002210702A CA2210702A CA2210702A1 CA 2210702 A1 CA2210702 A1 CA 2210702A1 CA 002210702 A CA002210702 A CA 002210702A CA 2210702 A CA2210702 A CA 2210702A CA 2210702 A1 CA2210702 A1 CA 2210702A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
cartridge
staple
recited
tissue
staples
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002210702A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Inbae Yoon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of CA2210702A1 publication Critical patent/CA2210702A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07292Reinforcements for staple line, e.g. pledgets
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320016Endoscopic cutting instruments, e.g. arthroscopes, resectoscopes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07221Stapler heads curved
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07228Arrangement of the staples
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07257Stapler heads characterised by its anvil
    • A61B2017/07264Stapler heads characterised by its anvil characterised by its staple forming cavities, e.g. geometry or material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07271Stapler heads characterised by its cartridge
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/3209Incision instruments
    • A61B17/3211Surgical scalpels, knives; Accessories therefor
    • A61B2017/32113Surgical scalpels, knives; Accessories therefor with extendable or retractable guard or blade

Abstract

A surgical stapling system includes a staple cartridge (30) having a pair of generally coextensive cartridge bodies (36, 38) adapted to fit within opposed jaws of a stapling instrument (210) and one or more staples (18) carried by a first of the cartridge bodies in opposed relation to apertures (60) or anvils formed in a second of the cartridge bodies. The cartridge bodies are preferably and advantageously made of bio-absorbable materials so that they can be left in place within the body and so that another staple cartridge can be advanced between the opposed jaws of the stapling instrument without the need of having to withdraw the stapling instrument from the body.

Description

W O 96/220S5 PCT~US95/16395 Surgical Stapling System and Method of Applying Staples From Multiple Staple Cartridges BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to medical procedures and instruments and, more particularly, to surgical staple cartridges, stapling instruments for applying staples carried by such surgical staple ca, 11 idyes, and methods of applying staples to bodily tissue from a number of surgical staple cartridges without the need of having to withdraw stapling instruments from the surgical field.

Discussion of the Prior Art Suturing tissue and organs is a painstaking and time-consuming part of most surgical procedures. A high degree of skill is needed and the time and carerequired increases both the cost of surgery, the potential for excessive blood loss W 096122055 PCTrUS95/16395 and the risk to the patient acco""~anying prolonged anesthetizal:ion. The adventof surgical staplers has facilitated the suturing process in many procedures allowing uniform and consistent tissue-fastening to be accor"plished with the s~uee~e of a handle or the adva"ce",enl of a pusher bar after positioning the stapling instrument.
Surgical staplers have evolved into two CGI 1111 IGI I forms. In one form an instrument body has a U-shaped distal portion with a proximal movable jaw generally perpendicular to the instrument body and a distal anvil jaw fixedly orpivotally mounted to a lower portion of the movable jaw. Spaced parallel rows ofdistally directed staples are inserted into the movable jaw tissue to be fastened is positioned between the jaws and the jaws are compressed against the tissue to a preset separation gap. A distal force is applied from the handle to drive movable pushers or h ar"mers in the movable jaw distally forcing the staples out of the cartridge through the tissue and into the anvil jaw where the staple legs are crimped to fasten the tissue. U.S. Patent No. 3,080,564 to Strekopitor et al is exe",plaly of such staplers. Later developments resulted in the addptalion of the instrument to use prelo~ded repiaceable cartridges carrying a plurality of staples instead of having to tediously reload the movable jaw with individual slaples between uses. U.S. Patent No. 3,589,589 to Akopov exemplifies such instruments. Fully dispos~hle versions of this basic stapler form have been produced as well ,c,il"a,ily to avoid the work and cost associated with proper dis~ssembly sterilization and reassembly required for reuse.
The second cor"",ol, form of stapling instrument typically has a pair of elongate blunt-nosed jaws extending distally from the handle one jaw holding a cartridge in which two or more rows of staples are held with the l:issue penel, dlil ~a staple legs aligned per,ue"dicular to the opposite jaw face and the opposed jaw supporting rows of anvils with curved indentations aligned with the staple legs in the cartridge. These indentations bend and clinch the staple legs as the staplesare driven into them. U.S. Patent No. 3,49U,675 to Green is exemplary of such stapling instruments. In use, the jaws of these instruments are positioned on either side of the tissue to be joined and then closed to a preset separalion gap with the tissue held therebetween. A pusher bar, slidably mounted along the ~ instrument body between the handle and the staple cartridge, is advanced distally into the staple carrying ca, ll i~ge to individually cam driver bars, or hammers, which sequentially force the staples from the cartridge, into and through the tissue to be joined and into the anvils. Usually such instruments also incorporate a knife blade that is driven in ta"~e", with the clinching of the staple legs to produce a clear cut in the tissue between linear rows of staples. After the staples have been forced from the cartridge, the stapling instrument is typically removed from thesurgical field so that the spent cartridge can be ejecled or retrieved from between the jaws.
Other instruments apply two-piece surgical fasteners. These fasteners are typically made from biologically absorbable or non-absorbable polymeric materials which cannot ",ainlain a bent or crimped configuration after being defor",e.l. Hence, in addiliGn to a tissue penetrating member having one or morepronys which are driven through one side of the tissue to be joined, such fasleners also require a retaining member which is positioned on the other side of the tissue to receive the p~n~s of the tissue penet, dlil ,9 member in an interlocking fashion. One such fastener structure and ap~.aralus for applying itare disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,156,614 to Green.
Unlike staples, two-piece polymeric raslener~ require the fabrication of a plurality of dirrerenlly sized components. Also, when utilizing two-piece fasteners, aliy"n,ent between the tissue penel,dlil)y member and receiving member is critical. A concern with bioabsorbable two-piece fasteners, in particular, is whether the will have sufficient sl, e, Iyll, to hold the tissue together for a sufficient period of time to allow the tissue to heal prior to being absorbed.
Recently, the adaptalion of a stapling instrument to laparoscopic and endoscopic procedures has appeared, as exemplified by U.S. Patent No.

W O 96/220S5 PCTrUS95116395 -5,050,715 to Arein et al. This a,c ~Jaralus includes an elongate tube-like body ~nnec~ing a handle, positioned external to the surgical site, and two opposed jaws, aligned generally co~Yi~lly with the body and positionable at the surgicalsite. A cartridge of staplcs is carried in one of the jaws and the opposed jaw functions as an anvil. Tissue is clar"ped between the jaws, then staple driving bars are driven through the cartridge by a series of cam bars to sequentially force the staples through the tissue and into the anvil for clin~;l ,i"g.
While prior art stapling instruments are widely used, they suffer from many disadva"Lages when used in procedures requiring lines of staples to be applied at more than one location. One of the disadvantages of prior art stapling instruments is that they must be removed from the surgical field to be reloaded after applying staples from a single cartridge. Consequently, if lines of staples are to be applied at more than one location, the spent cartridge must be removedfrom the jaws of the stapling instrument and another cartridge inserted or a seco, Id stapling instrument substituted for the first. In endoscopic procedures, such as laparoscopy, stapling instruments are p~ssed through portals ror")ed in the walls of analo"~ical cavities. Since it is generally desirable to minimize the number and size of incisio"s created for pe, ror,ning a particular endoscopic procedure, concurrent placemenl of stapling instruments through multiple portalscreated in the wall of a cavity is ~"~acceplable. Moreover, substitution of multiple stapling instruments through a single incision or frequent withdrawal of a single stapling instrument for reloading can be time consuming, increasing the period of anestheti~dliol, for the patient and increasing the risk of bodily fluids obscuring the field of view.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to overcol"e the above mentioned disadvantages of the prior art by providing a surgical stapling instrument capable of applying staples from multiple staple ca, ll idges in WO 96/22055 PCT/US9~/16395 succession without the need of having to be withdrawn from the surgical field.
Another object of the present invention is to eli",ir,ate the need for retrieving spent staple ca, ll iclyes from the surgical field by forming the staple cartridges of bio~l~sorl,able materials.
It is a further object of the present invention to apply a more uniform pressure across stapled tissue by using the staple cartridge as a pressure platedisposed between bent tissue penet, dtin9 Iegs of a staple and the stapled tissue.
Yet a noll ,er object of the prese"l invention is to reduce the need for frequent substitution of instruments during an endoscopic procedure by carrying out multiple functions with a single ei ,doscopic instrument having a ror~eps unit that remains within an analor"ical cavity and i"lerchangeable operaling units, one of which carries a plurality of staple cartridges and means for advancing the staple cartridges between jaws of the forceps unit.
Some of the advanlages of the present invention over the prior art are that the surgical stapling instrument of the present invention eliminates the need for frequent withdrawal of stapling instruments from lhe surgical field to replace spent cartridges, that conlact with a distal end of the surgical stapling instrument can be minimized during loading and reloading procedures to reduce the risk of exposingmedical person"el to body fluids, that the time required for reloading stapling instruments can be re~ , that conventional handle structures can be used to provide users with a familiar feel and to dec~ase the time needed for adapling to the instrument, that the instrument can be fabricated at low cost using simple mechanisms without complicated linkages, and that the instrument can be sterilized for reuse or disposable for single patient use as desired.
The present invention is generally characterized in a staple ca, l, idye including a pair of generally coextensive cartridge bodies adapted to fit withinopposed jaws of a forceps and a plurality of staples carried by a first of the cartridge bodies and having ductile tissue penet~Gli"g legs, wherein a second ofthe ca~, idge bodies derilles a plurality of spaces in opposed relation to the tissue W 096/22055 PCTrUS95/16395 penel,dLi"g legs of the staples. In one embodiment, the spaces are defined by grooves or cavities serving as anvils for bending the tissue penetrating legs of the slaplc,s as they are received. AlLerndli~/ely, the sp~ces can be deri, l~d by apertures extending through the cartridge body to allow p~ss~ge of the tissue penetrating legs of the slaples. The cartridge bodies are ,urererably and advantageously made of bioabsorbable materials so that they can be left in placewithin the body.
Another aspect of the prese, ll invention is generally charac~eri~ed in a surgical stapler including a housing, a rorceps having an elongate tubular body with a proximal end mounted by the housing and a distal end forming opposed jaws, means for storing a plurality of staple cartridges within the elongate body of the forceps, means for advancing the staple cartridges distally for positioning between the opposed jaws of the forceps and means for at least partly closing the jaws to drive the tissue penetrating legs of the staples from a cartridge held between the jaws.
A further aspect of the presenl invention is generally c;harac~erized in a method of stapling analo"lical tissue including the steps of positioning the analo",ical tissue between generally opposed cartridge bodies of a staple cartridge, col"pfessing the staple ca~l~idye around the anatomical tissue, pe"elrdling through the a"alorllical tissue with ductile tissue penellaling legs of one or more staples carried by one of the cartridge bodies, receiving the tissuepenetrating legs of the staples in sp~ces defined in the opposed cartridge body and bending the tissue penelralil ,g legs to form loops constricting the anatolllical tissue.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred el"bodi,r,el lls taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like parts in each of the several figures are identified by the same reference ~;1 ,arac~ers.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a per~pecti~/e view of a staple cartridge according to the present invention.
Figs. 2 - 5 are side views, partly in section, illus~rali"~ use of the staple cartridge of Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the staple ca, 1, idye of Fig. 1 applied to &"alor"ical tissue.
Fig. 7 is a perspeclive view of the stapled anator"ical tissue shown in Fig. 6 after ~ o, lions of the stapls cartridge have been absorbed.
Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a modified staple ca, ll iclge acco~li, lg to the p, ese, ll invention.
Fig. 9 is a per:"~ective view of the modified staple cartridge of Fig. 8 applied to a"alor"ical tissue.
Fig. 10 is a pers~,e~ /e view of another modified staple cartridge according to the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a perspective view of yet another modification of the staple cartridge of the presenl invention.
Fig. 12 is a perspective view illustrating use of the staple ca, ll idge of Fig.
11.
Fig. 13 is a fidylllenlaly side view, partly in section, of a modified aperture for the staple cartridge accordi"g to the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a perspective view of still another modified staple cartridge accordi"g to the present invention.
Fig. 15 is an enlarged fragmentary view, partly in section, of the staple cartridge of Fig. 14.
Fig. 16 is a perspective view of a surgical stapling instrument according to the present invention.
Fig. 17 is a broken side view, partly in section, of the surgical stapling instrument of Fig. 16.

W 096/22055 PCTrUS95/16395 Fig. 18 is a broken side view of an inler"~ediate member of the surgical stapling instrument of Fig. 16.
Fig. 19 is a rldylllel ,t~ry top view of a lower jaw formed at a distal end of the in~er"~ediale member shown at Fig. 18.
Fig. 20 is a cross-sectional view taken through line 20-20 in Fig. 19.
Fig. 21 is a fragmentary bottom view of an upper jaw for"~ed at a distal end of the inler",ediale member shown in Fig. 18.
Fig. 22 is a cross-sectional view taken through line 22-22 in Fig. 21.
Figs. 23 and 24 are perspective views of brackets for use with the surgical stapling instrument of Fig. 16.
Fig. 25 is a broken side view partly in section of a staple cartridge " ,ayd~i"e for use as an operdli"g unit with the surgical stapling instrument of Fig.
16.
Fig. 26 is a cross-sectional view taken through line 26-26 in Fig. 25.
Fig. 27 is a front view of the operali"g unit of Fig. 25.
Figs. 28 and 29 are broken side views partly in section illustrating use of the surgical stapling instrument of Fig. 16.
Figs. 30 and 31 are broken and fragmentary side views respectively further illustrating use of the surgical stapling instrument of Fig.16.
Figs. 32 and 33 are broken and fragmentary side views respectively further illustrating use of the surgical stapling instrument of Fig. 16.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A surgical stapling cartridge 30 according to the present invention is illustrated in Fig.1. The surgical staple cartridge 30 includes a deror"~able strip 32 of medically-acceptable bioabsorbable or non-bioabsorbable material configured to form a rounded hinge or base 34 and a pair of gel ,erally opposed coextensive cartridge bodies 36 and 38 diverging from opposite ends 40 and 42 of the hinge.

Cartridge bodies 36 and 38 are generally recta"yular in cross-section and define opposed tissue-enya~~i"y inner faces 44 and 46. Six parallel rows 48,50, 52,54,56 and 58 of spaced openings or apertures 60 are formed through the upper cartridge body 36 and made to extend from the inner face 44 of the ca~ Iridge body to an outer face 62. Rows 48,50,52,54,56 and 58 each include eight apertures 60 a" ~, Iyed linearly along resp0ctive longitudinal axes of thecartridge body 36. Oule""osl and inn~r",osl pairs of rows 48,58,52 and 54 are coe~lensive and longitudinally aligned. Intermediate rows 50 and 56 are longitudinally offset from the ouler,nosl and i""ermosl pairs of rows so that the apertures in rows 50 and 56 are aligned longitudlinally with interstices between the apertures of rows 48,58,52 and 54. Six rows 64, 66, 68, 70, 72 and 74 of openings or apertures 76 are also formed in the lower cartridge body 38 in opposed relation to apertures 60. Twenty four staples 78, each having a cross member 80 and a pair of tissue penetrating legs 82 exlendil 19 per~,endicularly from opposed ends of the cross member, are ar,~nyad in six rows beneath the lower cartridge body 38 with the tissue penetrating ends of the legs 82 held within openings 76. A slot or groove 84 extends along a central longitudinal axis of the strip 32 dividing the surgical staple cartridge 30 into a pair of laterally s~"""el, ic halves joined by a thin web at the bollo", of the groove. Each half of the surgical staple cartridge 30 contains three rows of staples.
Staples 78 can be made of any medically-acceplable material that is ductile, malleable or plastically derc,r",able (that is, any material that when bent remains in the bent condition) including stainless steel, titanium, tantalum andother non-bioabsorbaL,le and bioa6sorbable materials. The legs 82 are held within openings 76 by friction fit, adhesive bonding or by any other suitable method of attachment.
Operation of the surgical staple cartridge 30 for applying surgical staples to a"aloi "ical tissue will now be described with r eference to Figs. 2 - 5 wherein, for purposes of clarity, only a single row of staples is illustrated.

W O 96/22055 PCTrUS95/16395 In use cartridge bodies 36 and 38 of the surgical staple cartridge 30 are held between jaws of a stapling instrument an example of which is shown in Fig.
16 and described in more detail below, and are positioned on opposile sides of a"aLomical tissue to be stapled. The ca, l, idge bodies 36 and 38 are normally biased apart so that when jaws of the stapling instrument are open the surgical staple cartridge 30 will appear as illu~lfaled in Fig. 2 with cartridge bodies 36 and 38 spread apart to define a space 86 for receiving the analo,nical tissue T. Thecartridge bodies 36 and 38 are moved toward one another by closing the jaws of the stapling instrument around the surgical staple cartridge 30. The jaws are configured to engage the outer face 62 of the upper cartridge body 36 and the staple cross members 80 so that the cartridge bodies are made ~o rotate toward one anotl ,er about hinge 34 when the jaws are closed. Since there is no contaclwith the anatomical tissue T initially there is no co~ e, rorce exerted on the inner faces 44 and 46 of the cartridge bodies and thus the staple legs 82 are not forced through the openings in the lower cartridge body 38. When con~act is made with the analor"ical tissue T as shown in Fig. 3 the tissue exerts a counle, rorce against the inner faces 44 and 46 of the cartridge bodies resisting further movement of the call,idge bodies. As a result continued col"~ressiol, of the surgical staple cal l, idge 30 drives the staple legs 82 through the openings in the lower cartridge body 38 and into the al ,dlor"ical tissue T. The tissue penelrali~ ,y tips 88 of the staple legs 82 are received by apertures 60 in the upper cartridge body 36 and protrude from the apertures 60 when the staple cross rnen)bers 8 abut an outer face 90 of the lower cartridge body 38 as shown in Fig. 4. The protruding tips 88 of the staple legs bear against the upper jaw of the staplinginstrument or an anvil structure supported by the upper jaw of the stapling instrument and are bent or crimped as shown in Figs. 5 and 6 to prevent separation of the cartridge bodies 36 and 38 from the analomical tissue T held therebetween.
Since the cal l, idge bodies 36 and 38 are stapled together with the W O 96/220S5 PCTrUS95/16395 anato,nical tissue T the surgical staple cartridge 30 will remain on the stapledtissue when the jaws of the stapling instrument are opened obviating the need for manually retrieving the staple c~, l, i.4e after the staples have been applied.
Moreover by holding the cartridge bodies in compression against the anatomical tissue T, the cai ll id~ bodies serve as pressure plates evenly distributing thecon,pr~ssive loads applied by the staples and cfeali"g a more uniform seal across the a"alo",ical tissue. As illustrated in Fig. 6, the analo,nical tissue T can be l~"secte.l between rows of staples by advancing a blade shown in ,ul,a"toin at 92 along the groove 84 formed along the central longitudinal axis of the strip 32 clerining the upper and lower cartridge bodies 36 and 38. If made of bic~l~so, L,able ",aterials the cartridge bodies 36 and 38 will be absorbed overtime, as shown in Fig. 7 leaving only the staples.
A modified surgical staple cartridge 94 according to the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 8. The modified surgical staple cartridge 94 is similar to the surgical staple cartridge 30 depicted in Fig. 1 with the primary dirrerence being that staples are applied from both ~, l, idge bodies to provide visual co"ri, mdlion from either side of the surgical staple cartridge that the tissue has been properly faslened. Lower cartridge body 38 carries two rows 96 and 98 of staples 78 ar, a"ged end-to-end in groups of three with their legs 82 protruding from openings in the cartridge body 38 and extending into the space 86 between the ca, ll idge bodies. A row 100 of spaced apertures 60 is formed intermediate staple rows 96 and 98 in the lower cartridge body 38 and is aligned longitudinally withinterstices between openings 76 in the lower ca, ~, idge body. A row 102 of three staples 78 is carried by upper cartridge body 36 with legs 82 of the staples protruding from openings in the upper cartridge body opposite apertures 60 in the lower cai l, idge body. Two rows 104 and 106 of apertures 60 are formed on either side of staple row 102 in upper cartridge body 36 in opposition to staple legs 82 - protruding from lower cartridge body 38.
It will be appreci~ted that since legs 82 of the staples 78 extend into the W O 96/220S5 PCTrUS95/16395 tissue receiving space 86 between the cartridge bodies the sharp tissue pe"etrdli,lg tips 88 of the legs will be exposed when the cartridge bodies are biased apart as shown in Fig. 8. Thus when positioning the surgical staple cartridge 94 around analo",i-~l tissue the tissue will fit in the space between the tissue penel,dling tips 88 of opposed staples carried by respecti~re cartridge bodies. Once positioned around &nalo",ical tissue slight c~",pression of the surgical staple cartridge 94 will drive the staple legs into the ~"alGmical tissue immobilizing the tissue while the stapling procedure is pe, rur")ed. When fully cor"pressed upper and lower cartridge bodies 36 and 38 will both be held by a plurality of crimped staple legs 82 and cross members 8û as shown in Fig. 9 providing visual conri",~alion from either side of the surgical staple cartridge that the stapling proce.lure has been sl ~ccessfully accomplished.
The modified surgical staple cartridge 1 û8 shown in Fig. 10 is similar to the surgical staple cartridge 30 depicted in Fig. 1 but with upper and lower cartridge bodies 36 and 38 formed as separale ~ncor,nected units and staples 78 carried by both cartridge bodies in opposed relation to apertures 60 formed in the othercartridge body. The cartridge bodies 36 and 38 are generally rectangular plates configured to fit within opposed jaws of a stapling instrument for example alongrails carried by the jaws. Lower c~, ll idge body 38 carries four rows 110 112 114 and 116 of staples 78 each having four staples with cross members 80 spaced below the outer face 90 of the lower cartridge body 38 and legs 82 of the staples recessed within openings 76 formed in the lower cartridge body to protect the tissue penel, dlil 19 tips of the legs. Twû rows 118 and 120 of spaced apertures 60 are formed in the lower cartridge body 38 between innermost and outermost pairs of staple rows 112 114 110 and 116 and are aligned longitudinally with interstices between legs 82 of individual staples 78 carried by the lower cartridge body. Upper cartridge body 36 carries two rows 122 and 124 of staples 78 in opposed relation to apertures 60 formed in the lower cartridge body 38 and four rows 126 128 130 and 132 of apertures 60 are formed in the upper cartridge CA 022l0702 l997-07-l6 body 36 for receiving the tissue penel,ali,~g legs 82 of the staples carried by the lower cartridge body 38. Grooves 84 are formed in opposed relation along respective central longitudinal axes of the opposed cartridge bodies 36 and 38 and are configured to facilitate separation of the surgical staple cartridge 108between rows of staples.
Fig. 11 illusl, dles yet another modification of the surgical staple c~, ll idge of the present invention wherein the modified surgical staple cartridge 134 is configured to fit within curved jaws of a stapling instrument. The modified surgical staple cartridge 134 includes a single cartridge body 136 of generally rectangular shape carrying two coe~t~,lsive and longitudinally aligned rows 138 and 140 of staples 78. Each staple row includes six staples 78 having cross members abutting an outer face 90 of the cartridge body and staple legs 82 exlendi"g perpendicularly from opposite ends of the cross members through openings in the ca, ll i.lge body 136. Relief cuts 142 are formed per~Je, ldicular to the longitudinal axis of the surgical staple cartridge between a-ljacent staples and extend partway across the ca, ll idge body in a transverse direction to form ca, ll i-lge body segments joined by a thin band of material along a transverse edge of the cartridge body. Pairs of spaced apertures 60 are formed between the staples 78 of each sey",enl and can be used in conjunction with an opposqd ~,l,idge body such as the cartridge body shown in pl ,a"lGr" at 146 in Fig. 11 for receiving tissue penelr~ling legs of staples carried by the ~l ,anlom cartridge body 146 or the apertures 60 in the ca, ll idye body 136 can be used as a line of weakening to facilitate separation of the cartridge body between rows of staples when only a single cartridge body is employed.
Deployment of the surgical staple cartridge 134 in a curved jaw 147 of a stapling instrument is depicted in Fig. 12 wherein the jaw includes a curved channel 148 of generally rectangular cross-section for retaining the cartridge body - segments and shallow grooves 150 152 and 154 formed along a botlo", wall of the channel to provide clearance for portions of the staples 78 protruding from the -outer face of the cartridge body. The surgical staple cartridge 134 is advanced distally into the jaw 147 with the thin band connecting the cartridge body se~" "ents on the side facing the center of curvature of the jaw so that as the surgical staple cartridge is advanced along the channel the relief cuts 142 separaliny the ca, l, idge body sey",e"ls will widen at an outer transverse edge of the cartridge body ro""iny wedge-shaped sp~ces between the segments and allowing the surgical staple c~, l, idge 134 to couro",~ to the curvature of the jaw.
Once positioned within the jaw the modified surgical staple cartridge 134 will operale in the manner previously described. Also if the staple cartridge 134 is positioned in one jaw of the stapler in opposed relation to anvils (not shown) for",ed in an opposed jaw stapling of tissue held between the jaws can be accor"plished without the use of a second cartridge body.
Another modification of the surgical staple cartridge of the preser,t invention is shown in Fig.13 wherein the modified surgical staple cartridge 160 has apertures 60 similar to those previously described but defining large openings 156 along an inner face 158 of the ca, l, idge body and tapering to relatively smaller openings 162 along an outer face 164 of the cartridge body. The apertures making up a given pair opposile tissue penet, dlil Iy legs of a staple are tilted toward or away from one another to form angled camming surfaces 166 for bending the tissue penel,aling legs 82 of a staple 78 as the legs pass through the apertures.
The surgical staple ca, l, idge 168 shown in Figs.14 and 15 is configured to apply surgical staples to a"d~or"ical tissue without the cartridge bodies being fastened to the tissue. The modified surgical staple cartridge 168 includes upper and lower ca, ll idge bodies 170 and 172 configured to fit within jaws of a stapling instrument such as the instrument shown in Fig.16 and described below. The cartridge bodies are joined at 174 by a hinge and are normally biased apart. As best seen in Fig.15 the lower cartridge body 172 includes a plurality of pocketsor slots 176 arranged in rows and configured to carry staples 78 with tissue penel, dlilly legs 82 of the staples facing curved indents or anvils 178 formed in the upper ca~ Jye body 170. The slots 176 extend completely through the lower c~, ll i~iye body 172 and are preferably rectangular in shape to frictionally hold the staples 78.
A cam bar 180 e)~lends longitudinally alongside an outer face 182 of the lower cartridge body 172 and carries a plurality of staple driving protrusions 184 which extend per~.e n~lirl ll~ly from the bar into the slots 176 to engage staple cross members 80 dispose~l within the slots. The cam bar 180 and lower c~, ll i.lge body 172 are separ~led by a gap 186 allowing upward movement of thecam bar relative to the ca, ll i~lge body in order to drive the staples 78 from slots 176 into anvils 178. Slots can also be formed in upper cai ll i~ge body 170 in opposilion to anvils for",ed in the lower cartridge body 172 if complementary stapling from both sides of the anatomical tissue is desired; and accordingly1 asecond cam bar 187 is shown sp~ced above the upper cal ll idge body 170 for driving staples from slots formed in the upper cartridge body.
Use of the surgical staple ca, l, i~lye 168 for applying staples to anatomical tissue involves holding the staple ca, l, idge between jaws of a surgical stapler and positioning the upper and lower cartridge bodies 170 and 172 on opposite sides of the anatomical tissue to be stapled. When jaws of the stapling instrument areclosed around the surgical staple cartridge 168 cartridge bodies 170 and 172 areclamped against the anatomical tissue and cam bar 180 is moved toward the lower cartridge body 172. Movement of the cam bar 180 towards the lower cartridge body 172 causes the staple driving protrusions 184 to move upward within slots 176 driving the staples 78 out of the slots 176. As the staples 78 are driven out of slots 176 the legs 82 of the staples pe"elrate through the anatomical tissue held between the cartridge bodies and are received by the anvils 178 formed in the upper cartridge body 170. Anvils 178 crimp or bend the legs 82 of the staples againsl the anatornical tissue to hold the tissue in col"pression. Staples 78 in each row are preferably closely spaced and when W O 96/22055 PCT~US95/16395 coupled with closely spAced staples in an ~r~ cenL row prevent seepage of bodilyfluids between rows of staples. Stagyering adjace"l rows of staples and delivering staples from o~,~osile sides of the a"a~o"~ical tissue are also prere,led methods of providing a seal across analomical tissue.
Unlike the staple cartridges previously des-;, il,ed surgica, staple cartridge 168 remains with the stapling instrument after application of the staples to al~alomical tissue. In the case of the surgical staple cartridge 168 being formed of Lioabsor6able materials the ca, ll idge can be ejecled from between the jaws of the stapling instrument and left within the body to be absol L,ad. In the case of the surgical staple cartridge 168 being made of non-bioabsorbable materials the staple cartridge can be retrieved at any point during or after the surgical procedure.
The surgical stapling instrument or stapler 210 accordi,1g to the present invention as shown in Figs. 16 and 17 incl~ ~cles a forceps unit 212 and an operating unit 214. Forceps unit 212 includes a housing 216 an outer tubular member 218 extendi"g distally from the housing 216 an inler",ediate tubular member 220 telescopically fitted within the outer tubular member 218 and ter",inaling distally in a pair of opposed jaws 222 and 224 and a pair of handles 226 and 228 exte"ding from the housing at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the instrument. Operating unit 214 includes a hub 230 releasably coupledwith the housing 216 and carrying an inner member 232 at least partly telescopically fitted within the intermediate tubular member 220.
As best seen in Fig. 17 housing 216 is generally tubular with a cylindrical sidewall 234 and front and rear walls 236 and 238 closing opposite ends of the cylindrical sidewall 234. A rear portion of the cylindrical sidewall 234 is externally ll ,readed keyed or otherwise configured to receive an internally threaded keyedor cooperatingly configured sleeve or ring 240 carried by the cylindrical hub 230.
Hub 230 has front and rear end caps 242 and 244 and can be mated with or separaled from housing 216 by rotation for example; and when mated with -housing 216, the front end cap 242 abuts housing rear wall 238. A slotted opening 246 is formed in the cylindrical sidewall 234 of housing 216 and extendslongitudinally between the front and rear walls 236 and 238 of the housing to - permit handles 226 and 228 to pass therel~ ,rough.
Outer tubular member 218 is open at both ends and exlel ,ds through an opening in the housing front wall 236 to terminate proximally at a transverse flange 248 ~I;sposed between front wall 236 and rear wall 238 of the housing.
Distal end 250 of outer tubular menlber 218 can be blunt as shown, tapered, beveled or chai"rered as desired or have any other suitable distal configuration.
Intermediate member 220 includes a tubular body 252 telescopically fitted within the outer tubular member 218. The tubular body 252 terminates proximally at a transverse flange 254 disposed within the housing 216 between the outer tubular member flange 248 and housing rear wall 238; and, as best seen in Figs.
18 - 22, a distal end of tubular body 252 is split longitudinally to form inlegral one-piece jaws 222 and 224 in opposed relation. Jaws 222 and 224 are normally biased apart as shown and define opposed semicylindrical recesses 256 and 258 for carrying jaw inserts 260 and 262. Jaw inserts 260 and 262 can be per"~anently or removably secured within the semicylindrical recesses using adhesives, deten~s, or any other suitable means or can be formed with jaws 222 and 224 as an integral one-piece construction.
Reren ing to Figs. 19 and 20, lower jaw insert 262 defines a generally rec~angular cavity 264 bounded by a bottom wall 266, a front side wall 268 and apair of laterally spaced side walls 270 and 272. Top and back ends of the cavity264 opposite the bottom and front walls 266 and 268 are open. A central longitudinal groove 274 is formed in the bottom wall 266 of the cavity and is configured to acco,nmodate a cam bar or cutting blade for example. Three longitudinal grooves 276, 278 and 280 are formed in the bottom wall 266 to one side of the central groove 274 and another group of three longitudinal grooves 282, 284 and 286 are also formed in the bottom wall of the cavity on the other -W O 96/220S5 PCTrUS9~/16395 side of the central groove 274. Longitudinal grooves 276 278 280 282 284 and 286 are configured to slidingly receive portions of the staples spaced below a lower c~ idge body 38 as shown in phantom in Fig. 20. Lower cartridge body 38 is suspended directly above cavity 264 atop tissue penetrating legs of the staples.
Rerer, i"g to Figs. 21 and 22 upper jaw insert 260 defines a generally rectangular cavity 288 bounded by a bottom wall 290 a front side wall 292 and a pair of laterally 5p~Cel:l side walls 294 and 296. Top and back ends of the cavity 288 opposite the bottom and front walls 290 and 292 are open. A central longitudinal groove 298 and six longitudinal grooves 300 302 304 306 308 and 310 arranged in groups of three on opposite sides of the central groove are formed in the bottom wall 290 of the cavity 288 in opposed relation to the central longitudinal groove 274 and six longitudinal grooves 276 278 280 282 284 and 286 ror",ed in the lower jaw insert. As shown in pha~ ~lo~ at 36 in Fig. 22 upper cartridge body 36 fits within the rectangular cavity 288 with apertures 60 in the upper cartridge body aligned with the six longitudinal grooves 300 302 304 306, 308 and 310.
Referring again to Fig. 18 wedge-like cams 312 and 314 are formed on respective exterior surfaces of jaws 222 and 224 and are distally sp~ced from outer member distal end 250 when jaws 222 and 224 are open. Cams 312 and 314 taper toward bends joining each jaw with the tubular body 252.
Tubular body 252 of intermediate member 220 is preferably formed with jaws 222 and 224 as an integral one-piece part using a resilient medically-acceplable rnaterial such as a stainless steel or plastic having suitable elastic properties for normally biasing the upper and lower jaws 222 and 224 apart whileper",illing the jaws to be moved towards one another in response to axial forcesacting on the jaws and/or cams as a result of relative movement between the outer tubular member 218 and inter" ,ediate member 220.
Referring again to Fig. 17 handles 226 and 228 are conventional and extend through slotted opening 246 in the side wall 234 of housing 216. Each W096/2205S PCT~S95116395 handle is pivotally mounted on a bolt, dowel or pin 316 secured to a mounting plate 318 extending outward from side wall 234 ~long an edge of slotted opening 246. In a ~r~rer,ed e"lbo.l;n)e"l, a tor~ior, spring (not shown) is coiled around pin 316 and connected between handles 226 and 228 to bias the handles toward one another such that jaws 222 and 224 are normally held in a partly closed condition as will be explained further below with refere"ce to Fig. 28. Proximal handle 226 inrl! ~des a finger loop 320 configured to accol "I "odate one or more fingers of the user and a shank 322 connecting the finger loop with a flattened end portion 324.
End portion 324 extends into housing 216 towards intermediate member flange 254 through slotted opening 246 and protrudes distally from shank 322 to pivotally mount pin 316. Distal handle 228 includes a finger loop 326 configuredto accon,modale one or more fingers of the user and a shank 328 connecting the finger loop with a flattened end portion 330 and sliding contact with blade portion 324 and exlending into housing 216 towards outer member flange 248 through slotted opening 246 and protruding proxi",ally from shank 328 to pivotally mountpin 316.
Handles 226 and 228 are coupled with i"ter")ediate and outer members 220 and 218 using brackets 332 and 334, respectively. As best seen in Fig. 23, bracket 332 iS ge, lerally U-shaped and includes forward and rearward walls 336 and 338 sp~ced to acco"""odate intermediate member flange 254 therebetween and a bend portion 340 joining the forward and rearward walls. Vertical notches 342 and 344 with semicircular bottoms 346 and 348 are formed in walls 336 and 338 with the semicircular bollGi~,s being co"cenlrically aligned for allowing ~.assaye of the inler"lecliate and inner members 220 and 218 through bracket 332while clamping intermediate member flange 254 between the forward and rearward walls of the bracket. A pair of tubular bosses 350 and 352 are mounted lJ"~er"eath bracket 332 in axial alignment and sp~ced to accor"modate the flattened end portion 324 of handle 226 therebetween. A pin 354 pivotally connects the blade portion 324 with bosses 350 and 352. Bracket 334, shown in W O 96/22055 PCT~US95/16395 Fig. 24, is similar to bracket 332 and includes forward and rearward wall 356 and 358 joined by a transverse bend 360, notches 362 and 364 with semicircular bollG~ns 366 and 368 for accor,lr,lodating outer and illlenl~ediate members 218 and 220, and bosses 370 and 372. End portion 330 of distal handle 228 fits between bosses 370 and 372 and is ,olatably held therebetween by pin 374.
Referring again to Fig. 17, mating protrusions 376 and 378 are carried at opposed locations on finger loops 320 and 326 to lock handles 226 and 228 together when rolaled towards one another a predeter,llil led angular distance col I esponding to a desired resultant linear sepal-alion between brackets 332 and 334. Mating protrusions 376 and 378 are shown having serrated inside surfaces for ratcheting engagement, but can have any other configuration to mate frictionally or latch together when engaged.
The surgical stapling instrument 210 can be provided as shown in Fig. 28 with the operating unit hub 230 attached to the forceps unit housing 216, or theoperalirl9 unit 214 can be provided separately as shown in Fig. 25 so that the hub 230 can be threadedly or otherwise fitted to the housing 216 by the user. The latter is particularly desi~ble where a number of operating unit hubs carrying various types of innemllerllber~ are available, allowing the user to select an appropriate hub/inner member combination for the particular procedure to be pe, rorl l led.
Referring now to Figs. 25 - 27, operating unit 214 shown includes a hub 230 configured to mate with housing 216 of forceps unit 212, a hollow inner member 232 fixedly mounting the hub, a plurality of surgical staple cartridges 30 disposed within the inner member, and a surgical staple cartridge advancing Ille~;hallism 380. Inner member 232 includes a generally tubular elongate body 382 defining a rectangular channel 384 for storing a plurality of surgical staple cartridges 30. The tubular body 382 is closed at a proximal end 386 by an end wall 388 extending transversely beyond the tubular body to form a finger rest, flange or handle 390. As best seen in Fig. 27, distal end of the tubular body 382 forms a generally hemispherical cap 392 with or~hogonal slits 394 and 396 extending radially outward from an apex of the cap to define resilient flaps or petals. Surgical staple ca, ll idyes 30 are a" dn ~Jed end-to-end within the ~ rectangular channel 384 of the inner member behind the flaps of the i,e,),ispherical cap 392. Carl,idge bodies 36 and 38 of each surgical staple cartridge 30 are closed part way so that the surgical staple cartridges can flt within the re~ang.Jlar channel 384 of the inner member without the staples 78 carried by the cartridge bodies 38 being driven into the space between cartridgebodies 36 and 38. The flaps at the distal end of the inner member serve as resilient stops or abutment members for resisting distal movement of the surgical staple cartridges 30.
The advancing mechanism 380 includes a rod 408 extending through an opening in proximal end wall 388, a piston 410 mounted at a distal end of the rod, a bias member 412 and a knob or handle 414 at a proximal end of the rod 408.
Piston 410 is generally rectangular and is configured to slide within channel 384.
Bias ",enlber 412 includes a helical coil spring disposed around rod 408 and held in compression between the piston 410 and the proximal end wall 388 to normally bias the piston in a distal direction into abutting conlacl with the hinge 34 of the surgical staple cartridge 30 nearest the proximal end of the channel 384. Since the surgical staple cartridges 30 are arranged end-to-end, cartridge bodies 36 and 38 of each surgical staple cartridge will bear against the hinge 34 of the next distally located staple cartridge so that all of the surgical staple cartridges 30 are advanced distally in respo"se to the distal bias of spring 412. Cartridge bodies36 and 38 of the surgical staple cartridge 30 nearest the distal end of the tubular body 382 abut the hemispherical cap 392 of the tubular member and are restrained from further distal movement by the flaps.
If the operating unit 13 is provided separately, assembly of the stapling instrument 210 requires that inner member 232 carried by the hub 230 be insertedthrough an opening in the rear wall 238 of the housing 216 and advanced distally W 096/22055 PCTrUS9~/1639S

into intermediate member 220 until ring 240 of the hub meets the threaded or keyed portion of the housing sidewall 234. Hub 230 can then be mated to housing 12 by positioning the hub against the housing and r~laling the hub untilthe front end cap 242 of the hub is disposed proximate housing rear wall 238.
In the assembled condition, shown in Fig. 28, the he",ispl ,erical distal end 392 of the inner member 232 ter"linales slightly behind jaws 222 and 224 so thata surgical staple ca, l, i.lga 30 ejecte-l from the distal end of the inner member will be received between the jaws. Jaws 222 and 224 are preter~bly partly closed prior to receiving a surgical staple cartridge 30 in order to capture the surgical staple cartridge and to align the grooves formed in the jaw inserts with staples 78 sticking out from the bottom of the surgical staple cartridge. As mentioned previously, jaws 222 and 224 are normally biased apart as shown in Fig. 18;
however, handles 226 and 228 are preferably biased together so that outer and intermediate member flanges 248 and 254 of the stapling instrument 210 are suitable spaced apart to cause the distal end 250 of outer tubular member 218 toslide distally over jaws 222 and 224 in order to partly close the jaws. More specifically, movement of handles 226 and 228 toward one another under the influence of a bias ",enlber, such as a torsion spring con"e~;ted between the handles, c~uses brackets 332 and 334 carried at the opposite end of handles 226 and 228 to be pivoted away from one another about pin 316. The longitudinal component of the pivotal movement of brackets 332 and 334 moves outer and intermediate member flanges 248 and 254 apart. Any transverse component of the bracket movement is acco,nmodated by vertical sliding of the bracket walls agains~ intermediate and outer member flanges 248 and 254. Movement of outer and intermediate member flanges away from one another c~uses the outer member distal end 250 to slide distally over jaws 222 and 224 tending to cam thejaws toward one another. At this point, jaws 222 and 224 are partly closed, i.e., separated by a small gap, outer member distal end 250 abuts cams 312 and 314 on opposite sides of the partly closed jaws and mating protrusions 376 and 378 can be in close conlact as shown or engaged to prevent inadvertent movement of the jaws.
A surgical staple ~, ll i~ge 30 is posilio"ed between the partly closed jaws 222 and 224 by depr~ssir"~ handle 414 at the proximal end of rod 408 toward pr~xi",al end wall 388. Since the inner member 232 is fixed relative to the hub 230 depression of the handle 414 causes the rod 408 and piston 410 to move distally within the rect~"gular channel 384 formed inside the tubular member 382.
Piston 410 is already biased againsl the surgical staple cal ll idge 30 nearest the ~,ruxin~al end of the instrument and since ends of the surgical staple cartridges contact one anoli ,er, all of the surgical staple cartridges are normally distally biased within the tubular body of the inner member with the distalmost surgical staple cartridge 30 abutting the hemispherical distal end 392 of the tubular body.
Further distal movement of the piston 410 as a result of the handle 414 being depressed urges the distalmost surgical staple cartridge 30 past the flaps of the hemispherical cap 392, as shown in Fig. 29 and into the cavities 288 and 264 formed in upper and lower jaw inserts 260 and 262. Upper cartridge body 36 of the distalmost surgical staple ~, I, idge 30 is aligned with an open end of upper cavity 288 and the portions of staple 78 that stick out from the lower ca, l, idge body 38 are aligned with grooves 276 278 280 282 284 and 286 for",ed in the bottom wall of the lower cavity 264.
Referring now to Fig. 30 handle 414 at the end of rod 408 is depressed until the distalmost surgical staple cartridge 30 is positioned between jaws 222and 224. Upper cartridge body 36 of the surgical staple cartridge 30 is receivedwithin upper cavity 264 as handle 414 is depressed and when the surgical staple cartridge is properly positioned, will abut the front wall 292 of the cavity preventing further distal movement of the surgical staple cartridge and providing a tactile signal at the proximal end of the rod 408 that the surgical staple cartridge - 30 is fully advanced. Upper cartridge body 36 is seated at the bottom of cavity 288 in the upper force,.)s jaw 222 above grooves 300 302 304 306 308 and 310 W 096/22055 PCTrUS95/16395 when the surgical staple cartridge is fully advanced or deployed. Lower cartridge body 38 is elevated above the bottom of cavity 264 and the lower fo, ceps jaw 224 with the cross-member end of staple 78 extending downward from the lower cartridge body 38 into grooves 276 278 280 282 284 and 286. Hinge 34 of the deployed surgical staple cartridge is sp~ced distally of the hemispherical cap 392 and the flaps for",ed by the radial slits in the hemispl ,erical cap close behind the d;slal,r~ost surgical staple cartridge 30 to prevent the next surgical staple ca, ll idge from being ejected from the inner member 232 inadvertently.
Stapling of analoi"ical tissue with the stapling instrument 210 involves opening jaws 222 and 224 with a surgical staple cartridge 30 held therebetween positioning opposed cartridge bodies 36 and 38 of the surgical staple cartridge 30 around the a"alol"ical tissue and closing the jaws to co",press the cartridge bodies against the tissue. Jaws 222 and 224 of the forceps unit are opened by exel lil ,y finger pressure on finger loops 320 and 326 to spread the loops apart as shown in Figs. 16 and 17. Movement of finger loops 320 and 326 away from one another causes brackets 332 and 334 to be rotated towards one another around pin 316 and draws inler"~ediate and outer member flanges 254 and 248 toward one anolher. Outer member distal end 250 slides proximally away from cams 312 and 314 on jaws 222 and 224 allowing the jaws to open under the influence of their own resilience. With jaws 222 and 224 in the open condition shown in Fig.
17, a"alolnical tissue T to be stapled is positioned between cartridge bodies 36and 38 held between the jaws. When the anatomical tissue T is properly positioned jaws 222 and 224 are closed around the tissue by releasing finger pressure from the handles 226 and 228 and/or drawing the handles toward one another to slide the outer tubular me" ,ber 218 over the jaws as previously desc, ibed. Cartridge bodies 36 and 38 are thus compressed against opposite sides of the anatomical tissue T and the force from tissue co,llact on the innerface 46 of the lower cartridge body 38 causes the lower cartridge body to recedeinto the cavity 264 in the lower forceps jaw 224 by sliding over legs 82 of the WO 96/22055 PCIfUS9~/16395 staple 78 toward the cross-members 80 seated within grooves 276 278 280 282 284 and 286. As lower cartridge body 38 slides down the staple legs 82 tissue penetrating tips 88 of the staple 78 are e,~l-osed along the inner face 46 of the Iower cartridge body and are made to penetrate into the analol"ical tissue T as shown in Fig. 31.
Staple legs 82 are driven through the analomical tissue T by continued compression of the jaws 222 and 224 around the tissue. The jaws 222 and 224 are further co",pressed or closed more complete~y by drawing finger loops 320 and 326 towards one another until outer member distal end 250 slides distally over cams 312 and 314 to force the jaws into close contact with one another.
Advancement of the outer member 218 over the cams 312 and 314 will result in greater compression of the tissue and will drive legs 82 into opposing apertures60 ror",ed in upper cartridge body 36 until the legs protrude from the outer ends of the apertures and are bent against the grooves 300 302 304 306 308 and 310 formed in the upper jaw insert as shown in Figs. 32 and 33. The bent staple legs 82 bear against the outer face 62 of the upper cartridge body 36 to hold the a"alomical tissue T in compression between the cartridge bodies.
When jaws 222 and 224 are opened cartridge bodies 36 and 38 remain stapled to the analo",iral tissue T crealiny an open space between the jaws for receiving the next surgical staple ca, ll idge 30 which is advanced between the jaws and applied to anatomical tissue in the same manner as previously described. After all surgical staple cartridges 30 held within the inner member 232 have been fired the inner member 232 can be reloaded for example by unscrewing p,oxi",al end wall 388 and i"se~ling new surgical staple cartridges 30 into the tubular body 382 or the operating unit including the inner member 232 can be removed from the forceps unit 212 and a new operating unit having a full magazine of staple cartridges can be substituted for the spent operali"y unit.
- Replacement of operating unit 214 involves unscrewing the hub 230 from housing 216 and withdrawing the hub along with inner member 232 to permit a new W O 96/22055 PCTrUS95/16395 operaling unit hub carrying the same or a different type of inner member to be inserted for perror",ing stapling or other functions, such as cutting, grasping,hooking, manipulating, dissecting, collecting tissue for biopsy, penetrating, injecting, creating suction, aspirating, irrigating, cauterizing, suturing, ligating, visualizing and illuminating. During substitution of operating units, the opening in the rear wall of the housing can be closed for example, using a finger or conventional valves such as slopcock, flapper or trumpet valves, to help preventloss of pneumoperiLo"eum in endoscopic procedures.
From the above, it will be appreciated that the stapling insl:rument of the present invention permits staples to be applied to anatomical tissue from multiple staple cartridges in sl ~ccession without the need of having to withdraw the instrument from the surgical field. The staple cartridges can be formed of bioabsorbable materials and left within the body to eliminate the need for retrieving spent staple cartridges and, when stapled to the analomical tissue, the cartridge bodies can serve as pressure plates to apply a more uniform pressure across the stapled tissue. It will also be appreciated that the surgical stapling instrument of the present invention eliminates the need for frequent withdrawal of stapling instruments from the surgical field to replace spent cartridges, that conlacl with a distal end of the surgical stapling instrument is minimized during loading and reloading procedures to reduce the risk of exposing medical personnel to body fluids, that the time required for reloading stapling instruments is reduced and that el ,doscopic procedures can be simplified by carrying out multiple functions with a single endoscopic instrument having a forceps unit that remains within an a"alomical cavity and interchangeable operating units, one of which carries a plurality of staple cartridges and means for advancing the staple cartridges between jaws and forceps unit.
Various bioabsorbable or biodegradable materials can be used to make the staple cartridges of the present invention with the composition determined by the rigidity or flexibility required. Generally, the bioabsorbable materials are thermoplastic polymers such as al~sorl,able polymers and copolymers of poly-dioxane, lactide, glycolide and the like. Polyglycolic acid is disclosed in U.S.Patent Nos. 3,463,158; 3,739,773 and 3,772,4~0. Suitable polylactic acids are ~isclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,636,9~6. Examples of absGrl.able polyesters are shown in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,225,766 and 3,883,901. AbsGrbable cellulose glycolic acid ethers are shown in U.S. Patent No. 2,764,159. Examples of sl~it~hle esters of alpha~ya"oac,ylic acid are found in U.S. Patent Nos.
3,527,841; 3,564,078 and 3,759,264.
The tubular r"e"lber and jaws of the forceps unit of the present invention are ~urererably formed as an integral one-piece construction and can be movably disposed within an outer tubular member to pernnit sliding movement of the outertubular member over the jaws. The outer member and tubular forceps member can be mounted by a housing and coupled using any suitable handle mechanism and linkages for producing relative movement between the jaws and the outer tubular member. It will be appreciated, however, that the surgical staple cartridges of the present invention can also be operated from between jaws of any type of forceps unit. The forceps unit housing and operating unit hub can have any configuration for being releasably coupled including threaded portions, delenls, slots, latches or any other types of suitable connections. The housing and hub can be cylindrical as shown or have any other configuration in cross-section.
Jaws 18 and 20 of the present invention can be straight as shown or curved and can have inleg,ally ~r"~ed or removable inserts with configurations for grasping and holding tissue and objects such as needles. The inserts can have any combination or number of longitudinal groove~s formed in the inserts for accon,modating the surgical staple cartridges, blades, scissors, biopsy tools, needles, hooks, surgical clips or any other surgical implements. The grooves canextend part way to define stops or abutments limiting distal movement of the implements or can extend the complete length of the inserts to form openings or W 096/22055 PCTrUS95/16395 apertures at the distal end of the jaws to allow pAss~ge of the impleme"~s beyond the distal end of the jaws when the jaws are closed. The jaws can have any shape and cross-section when closed, including circular, elliptical, re~;tany,Jlar and polygonal configu,dtions, and can have olJ~Josed arcuate portions for clamping tubular objects without compressing the objects.
The handles and linkages shown and described herein for sliding the outer member over the jaws are exemplary of the types of conventional handle mechanisms suitable for performing the function of closing the jaws; accordingly, the handles can have any configuration for producing relative movement between the outer and intermediate members such as, for example, two pivoted legs with finger loops and sliding brackets as shown, one fixed and one pivoted leg with finger loops, a fixed pistol grip and movable trigger member or resilient U-shaped member.~; connected between outer and intermediate members. Moreover, the handles can have any orientation relative to the longitudinal axis of the instrument including, for example, subsl~"lially transverse orientations whereby the handles extend transversely from a sidewall of the housing or substantially longitudinalorientations whereby the handles extend longitudinally from a rear wall of the housing and are operaled like a scissor~. Suitable linkages include brackets with sliding motion, gears mounted on or between handles and the outer and intermediate me",bers, pulleys and cords or any direct or indirect coupling mechanism. The interl"ediate and outer members can be frictionally fitted to maintain a current position by resisting relative movement, can be biased apart with a bias member such as a helical coil spring disposed around the intermediate member and held in cor"pression between intermediate and outer member flanges, or can be biased together as desired.
Inner faces of the surgical staple cartridge bodies can be smooth as shown or provided with a knurled or diamond-shaped tread for gripping anatomical tissue when compressed together. Grooves can be formed longitudinally between adjace, IL rows of staples to facilitate cutting of the staple cartridges following application of the staplcs to analoi"ical tissue, or, when surgical staple cartridges without grooves are used, more than one surgical staple carl, iclge can be applied to the anatoinical tissue in close proximity and a cut made between the surgicalstaple cartridges using conventional cutting imple",e"Ls. The cartridge bodies can be monolithic or con,posile and any number of rows of staples having any number of staples within a row can be carried by a cartridge body. Opposed ca, l, idge bodies can be separate or hinged as desired, and when hinged, the hinges can have any configuration including curved, V-shaped or laterally space~l double or multiple hinge configurations. The staples can have any number of legsor cross-men,ber~ and can be made of any suitable medically acceptabla material. Also, the legs of the stapies can be recessed or protrude from openings in the ca, ll idye bodies as desired.
The staple cal ll idge ad\,ancing mechanism shown and described herein for posilioning surgical staple cartridges between the jaws of a forceps unit are exemplary of the types of advancing mechanisms suitable for pe, ro""ing the function of advancing the staple cartridges. It will be apprecialed that the surgical staple cartridges can also be advanced using plungers, pusher bars or any other type of adva"ciny " ,ecl ,anis",. It will also be appreci~ted that multiple staple cartridges can be advanced side by side between jaws of a forceps unit and applied simultaneously to analGi"ical tissue to create separate rows of staples in anatomical tissue to be ll ~"sec~ed for example.
The components of the stapling instrumenl: of the present invention can be made of any suitable, medical grade materials to permit sterilization for reuse or for single patient use. The components can be made of multiple parts of various configurations and materials to reduce cost. The forceps unit and/or the operali.)g unit can have various valves, stopcocks and seals therein to control fluid flow therethrough, and conventional detent mechanisms can be used to connect or latch the hub with the housing when the forceps unit and the operating unit are assembled.

W 096/22055 PCTrUS95116395 The features of the various embodiments clesc, ibed above can be combined in any ma""er desired dependent upon the operational requirements and complexity of the surgical stapling system.
Inasmuch as the present invention is subject to many va, ialiGI ,s ~odiricalions and cl)a,)ges in detail it is i"tended that all subject matter discl ~ssed above or shown in the accor"panying draw;"gs be i, llel ~reted as illustrative only and not be taken in a limiting sense.

Claims (33)

What Is Claimed Is:
1. A surgical staple cartridge comprising a pair of generally coextensive cartridge bodies adapted to fit within opposed jaws of a forceps;
a staple having ductile tissue penetrating legs, said staple being carried by a first of said cartridge bodies; and means formed in a second of said cartridge bodies for receiving said tissue penetrating legs of said staple when said cartridge bodies are moved toward one another.
2. A staple cartridge as recited in claim 1 wherein said cartridge bodies are made of a bioabsorbable material.
3. A staple cartridge as recited in claim 1 and further comprising a plurality of staples having ductile tissue penetrating legs, said staples being carried bysaid first cartridge body.
4. A staple cartridge as recited in claim 3 wherein said staples are arranged in plural rows.
5. A staple cartridge as recited in claim 1 wherein each cartridge body carries a plurality of staples having ductile tissue penetrating legs and said means for receiving said tissue penetrating legs of said staples is formed on both cartridge bodies.
6. A staple cartridge as recited in claim 1 and further comprising a hinge connecting said cartridge bodies.
7. A staple cartridge as recited in claim 6 wherein said cartridge bodies and said hinge are formed as an integral one-piece unit.
8. A staple cartridge as recited in claim 7 wherein transverse relief cuts are formed between staples to permit said cartridge bodies to bend.
9. A staple cartridge as recited in claim 1 wherein said receiving means includes a plurality of staple-forming anvils formed in opposed relation to saidtissue penetrating legs.
10. A staple cartridge as recited in claim 9 wherein said staples are held in pockets formed in at least one of said cartridge bodies and further comprising means for driving said staples from said pockets.
11. A staple cartridge as recited in claim 1 wherein said receiving means includes a plurality of apertures formed in opposed relation to said tissue penetrating legs.
12. A staple cartridge as recited in claim 11 wherein said tissue penetrating legs of said staples are inserted through openings formed in said first cartridge body.
13. A staple cartridge as recited in claim 12 wherein said staples are arranged in plural rows.
14. A staple cartridge as recited in claim 13 wherein a line of weakening is defined in each cartridge body between a pair of said plural rows of staples.
15. A staple cartridge as recited in claim 11 wherein each cartridge body carries staples having ductile tissue penetrating legs in opposition to apertures formed in the other cartridge body.
16. A staple cartridge as recited in claim 11 wherein said apertures include camming means for bending said tissue penetrating legs as they pass through said apertures.
17. A surgical stapler comprising a housing;
a forceps having an elongate tubular body with a proximal end mounted by said housing and a distal end forming opposed jaws for being positioned adjacentanatomical tissue to be stapled;
means for storing a plurality of staple cartridges within said elongate tubular body of said forceps, said staple cartridges each carrying at least one staple having a plurality of tissue penetrating legs;
means for advancing said staple cartridges distally for positioning between said opposed jaws of said forceps; and means for at least partly closing said jaws to drive tissue penetrating legs of staples disposed in cartridges within said jaws through anatomical tissue held between said jaws.
18. A staple cartridge as recited in claim 17 wherein said means for storing a plurality of staple cartridges includes a tubular member removably disposed within said elongate tubular body of said forceps and having a stop at a distal end for limiting distal movement of said cartridges.
19. A staple cartridge as recited in claim 18 wherein said means for advancing said staple cartridges includes bias means for biasing said staple cartridges distally against said stop and means for urging said staple cartridges past said stop.
20. A staple cartridge as recited in claim 19 wherein said urging means is a plunger extending proximally from said tubular member.
21. A staple cartridge as recited in claim 18 and further comprising a hub adapted to couple with said housing, wherein said tubular member is carried by said hub.
22. A staple cartridge as recited in claim 21 and further comprising a cap for closing a proximal end of said tubular member, said cap being removable to permit loading of staple cartridges into said tubular member.
23. An endoscopic stapler comprising a housing;
an outer tubular member having a proximal end mounted by said housing and terminating distally at a distal end;
an intermediate member having a tubular body disposed telescopically within said outer tubular member, a proximal end mounted by said housing and an integral one-piece distal end defining a pair of opposed jaws resiliently biasedapart;
a staple cartridge disposed within said opposed jaws, said staple cartridge carrying at least one staple having a plurality of tissue penetrating legs; and handle means coupled with at least one of said intermediate and outer tubular members for creating relative movement between said intermediate and outer tubular members, whereby said pair of opposed jaws is closed around said staple cartridge when said distal end of said outer tubular member is advanced over said jaws and said tissue penetrating legs are driven through anatomical tissue held between said jaws.
24. An endoscopic stapler comprising a housing;
an outer tubular member having a proximal end mounted by said housing and terminating distally at a distal end;
an intermediate member having a tubular body disposed telescopically within said outer tubular member, a proximal end mounted by said housing and an integral one-piece distal end defining a pair of opposed jaws resiliently biasedapart;
an inner tubular member removably disposed at least partly within said intermediate member and carrying a plurality of staple cartridges;
means for advancing at least one of said staple cartridges between said opposed jaws of said intermediate member; and handle means coupled with at least one of said intermediate and outer tubular members for creating relative movement between said intermediate and outer tubular members, whereby said pair of opposed jaws is closed around said at least one staple cartridge when said distal end of said outer tubular member is advanced distally over said jaws.
25. An endoscopic stapler as recited in claim 24 wherein said inner tubular member includes a stop at a distal end for limiting distal movement of said cartridges.
26. An endoscopic stapler as recited in claim 24 wherein said means for advancing said staple cartridges includes bias means for biasing said staple cartridges distally against said stop and means for urging said staple cartridges past said stop.
27. An endoscopic stapler as recited in claim 26 wherein said urging means is a plunger extending proximally from said magazine.
28. An endoscopic stapler as recited in claim 25 and further comprising a hub adapted to couple with said housing wherein said inner tubular member is carried by said hub.
29. An endoscopic stapler as recited in claim 28 and further comprising a cap for closing a proximal end of said tubular magazine said cap being removable to permit loading of staple cartridges into said tubular magazine.
30. A method of stapling anatomical tissue comprising the steps of positioning the anatomical tissue between generally opposed cartridge bodies of a staple cartridge;
compressing the staple cartridge around the anatomical tissue;
penetrating through the anatomical tissue with ductile tissue penetrating legs carried by a first of the cartridge bodies;
receiving the tissue penetrating legs in spaces defined by a second of the cartridge bodies; and bending the tissue penetrating legs to constrict the anatomical tissue.
31. A method of stapling anatomical tissue as recited in claim 30 and further comprising the steps of forming the cartridge bodies of a bioabsorbable material and after bending the legs leaving the cartridge bodies within the anatomical body.
32. A method of stapling anatomical tissue as recited in claim 31 wherein the step of receiving the tissue penetrating legs includes passing ends of the tissue penetrating legs through openings in the second cartridge body until theyprotrude, and the step of bending the tissue penetrating legs includes shaping the protruding ends of the tissue penetrating legs to bear against an outer surface of the second cartridge body.
33. A method of stapling anatomical tissue as recited in claim 30 and further comprising the steps of holding the staple cartridge between jaws of a forceps, ejecting the staple cartridge after bending the tissue penetrating legs and advancing another staple cartridge between the jaws of the forceps.
CA002210702A 1995-01-19 1995-12-29 Surgical stapling system and method of applying staples from multiple staple cartridges Abandoned CA2210702A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US375,120 1995-01-19
US08/375,120 US5833695A (en) 1994-07-13 1995-01-19 Surgical stapling system and method of applying staples from multiple staple cartridges

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CA2210702A1 true CA2210702A1 (en) 1996-07-25

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US (1) US5833695A (en)
EP (1) EP0805653A4 (en)
JP (1) JPH10512469A (en)
AU (1) AU703615B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2210702A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1996022055A1 (en)

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AU703615B2 (en) 1999-03-25
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WO1996022055A1 (en) 1996-07-25
EP0805653A4 (en) 2000-04-19
EP0805653A1 (en) 1997-11-12
AU4685396A (en) 1996-08-07

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