CA2247536C - Remote proxy system and method - Google Patents
Remote proxy system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CA2247536C CA2247536C CA002247536A CA2247536A CA2247536C CA 2247536 C CA2247536 C CA 2247536C CA 002247536 A CA002247536 A CA 002247536A CA 2247536 A CA2247536 A CA 2247536A CA 2247536 C CA2247536 C CA 2247536C
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- proxy
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- local proxy
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- data object
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/02—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for separating internal from external traffic, e.g. firewalls
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/04—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
- H04L63/0428—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/2866—Architectures; Arrangements
- H04L67/2876—Pairs of inter-processing entities at each side of the network, e.g. split proxies
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/50—Network services
- H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/50—Network services
- H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
- H04L67/565—Conversion or adaptation of application format or content
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/08—Protocols for interworking; Protocol conversion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/16—Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/16—Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
- H04L69/165—Combined use of TCP and UDP protocols; selection criteria therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
- Y04S40/20—Information technology specific aspects, e.g. CAD, simulation, modelling, system security
Abstract
An interface between a protected computer or computer network (52) and the World Wide Web (WWW) (68). The interface comprises a split proxy system (56, 66) that encapsulates TCP/IP transmissions into a script transmission which is not subject to problems in high latency systems, thereby greatly improving W WW access, via a wireless modem or other low-bandwidth communications network. The split proxy interface (56, 66) also provides compression, encryption and filtering capabilities and allows receipt of unsolicited transmissions from the service provider for such purposes as automatically updating or configuring WWW access software.
Description
REMOTE PROXY SYSTEM AND METHOD
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improved interface between private computers or private computer networks and the World Wide Web (WWW) using both wireline and wireless connections. More specifically, the invention relates to an improved WWW interface with protocol translation, security and automatic configuring features.
Background of the Invention For fifty years, people have dreamed of a universal information database - data that would not only be accessible to people around the world, but organized such that related information is easily discovered and so that the most relevant data for a particular need is quickly found and accessed by a user.
In the 1960's, this idea was explored further, giving rise to visions of a "docuverse" that would revolutionize all aspects of human-information interaction, particularly in the educational field.
Only recently has the technology started to fulfill these visions, making it possible to implement them on a global scale.
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improved interface between private computers or private computer networks and the World Wide Web (WWW) using both wireline and wireless connections. More specifically, the invention relates to an improved WWW interface with protocol translation, security and automatic configuring features.
Background of the Invention For fifty years, people have dreamed of a universal information database - data that would not only be accessible to people around the world, but organized such that related information is easily discovered and so that the most relevant data for a particular need is quickly found and accessed by a user.
In the 1960's, this idea was explored further, giving rise to visions of a "docuverse" that would revolutionize all aspects of human-information interaction, particularly in the educational field.
Only recently has the technology started to fulfill these visions, making it possible to implement them on a global scale.
Ths Internet has etvolvad through a cooperative effort by universities, corporations and govarnm~nt_ Years ago, the Dafanae Department started ~.ntereonnacting the computer networks of universities, private organisations rind sometimes corporations with whom research was being conducted. This network of networxa has, over time, evolved into a global network commonly referred to as the Internet or the World Wida web (WWW). The official description far the WWW is a ~~wi.de-area hypermedia information retrieval initiative aiming to give universal access to a large universe of d~Ci1me31tS . ~
As the WWw became mas~ popular and subject to wider public use, the Department of Defense curtailed its involvoment. Today, many government-funded links on tYse Internet have bean turned over to commercial entsrgrisss that maintain the interconnection of Local Area tistworxs (z~s) hstweaa universities, companies, atc.
Though the W~ ins proving to be an extremely valuable resource for corporate enterprises (for communicating via electronic mai3 (:-mail), accessing information on-line, etc.), corporations era concerned about the security at their intellectual property, trade.
secret:, financial racosds and other confidential 2s information stored on their computer natworxs. 2thare is also concasn about electronic vandalism -- unauthoriasd access of a computer networx over tho wWW for the purpose of destroying or distorting computerised information.
3o In response to those concerns, some connaations to thQ WWW have been protected with "llatworlc 3acurity Firawalls.» as shown in irig. 1, a firewall is crnu~only a specific pied of hardware and/or software bridgin9C
the connection between a private computer or computer 35 networx (LAN) 10 and the WW1P iz. The main purposes of a firawall is to screen data traffic into and out o= the nstworx that is to be protected. If a natworx intruder ' - 3 -is detected, the firewall has the capability of sifting through the data traffic and disabling the intruder's access. In early forms of Internet firewalls, it was generally difficult to ascertain which data traffic was good or bad, i.e., relating to a corporate user or an intruder. This created a problem for corporate users (inside the corporate LAN) of Internet applications, such as File Transfer Protocol (FTP), because their applications would sometimes get incorrectly blocked by the firewall. The firewalls needed more intelligence about application data traversing a firewall so that desirable traffic was not hindered.
Internet engineers designed "proxy" services on Internet firewalls to meet this need. These proxies are computer processes that completely understand specific applications like an FTP application. It became a straightforward matter for network administrators to add multiple proxies to the firewall system based on the type of applications the internal corporate users wanted to execute. For example, WWW
browsers (described below) would use a Hyper Text Transport Protocol (HTTP) proxy to transfer Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) documents.
To facilitate use of the WWW, "browsing" software 6 was developed. Browsers, such as the popular Netscape~ and Mosaics browsers, allow WWW users to browse information available on computers linked to the WWW. Further, systems have been proposed that provide users on computer networks with a consistent means to access a variety of media in a simplified fashion.
Making use of browsing software, has changed the way people view and create information - it has created the first true global hypermedia network.
One responsibility of an HTTP proxy is to receive requests from browsers or software applications 6 within the protected network 10 and relay those requests to the www lZ. The proxy also monitors access to the protected computer or network 10 from the WWW i2. Thus, the proxy 4 can allow a system administrator to monitor infOrmatiOn and r:quests flowing betwQen the protected s n~tworx io and the wWW 12. zt illicit activity is discovered, thQ proxy 4 can interrupt the connection to , the WWW 12. This proxy-driven firewall 2, 4 allows corporations and those with similar concerns to make uae of the valuable resources of the WWW i2 While 1o maintaining a degree of security.
To effect links between computers and software applications across the wWW, protocols have been developed to govern the transmission~of computerized data. A protocol organizes data to be transmitted over 15 thQ WWW in a standard way recognizable by the receiving computer. ThQre are seven layers in the open systeaas interconnection (OSI) model of a computer protoeol_ Each layer adds additional organizational capabilities that facilitate the transmission of data.
20 Internet Protocol (aP) is the third layer in the.
OSI model and the basic nlanguage°~ that is spoken on the =nternet. The fourth layer, Transmission Control Protocol (TC,P), is a more specialized protocol contained in IP. 2o use the WWW, a computer must be able to 25 communicate using a protocol that incorporates IP and, consequently, TCP.
The WWW and technologies surrounding Internet access have seen explosive growth. Many companies have Qvolved to allow subscribers access to the wwW using 30 standard telephony. A group called Internet Service Providers (ISP) represents many of these service providers_ A promising arQa for further Expansion of Internet access is wills-area wireless data networks. The 35 wireless networka inc3.uds eQllular digital pac3cet datEt (cDPD, provided by cellular carriers), cix-cuit-switched cellular networks;, such as the Mobitwx"' not'tork WO 97/35402 - 5 " PCTlUS96J03909 (provided by RAM Mobile data in the U.S.), the Ardia="
network, and a host of emerging national wireless data providers.
All of the listed data network providers offer traditional Internet protocol (IP) service and era capable of intQgrating with the WWW. The data speeds range from 4,800 to 28,8000 bps and have latencies that range =rom milliseconds to 10 seconds.
Despite the popularity of-the WWW. there are still 14 technical and security issues that must be overcome in accessing the Internet. Some of these problems era particularly acute for wireless systems trying to access the Www.
25 Problem 1 ThQ first problem is caused by data latency (described in more dQtail below). Data latency refers to the time delays created by multiple hops and slow links at data travels across various nodes within the 20 wWW. This particular problem is exacerbated when the wWw is accessed using a wireless modem. Most wide area wireless, and soma wiraline, data networka ware not originally designed to support the TCP/IP protocol.
Latencies are increased even further by encapsulating IP
2s data into the networxs~ original data protocols.
When TCP is organizing data for transmission over the WWW, it brsalcs the data into discrete '°packeta" of information. TCP then transmits the individual pac3cets.
Each packet includes instructions to the receiving 3o system for reassembling the packets into the complete data structure being transmitted. Lach packet also includes a cyclic redundancy check that allows the receiving system to check that the packet was not corrupted or broken up during transmission.
35 TcP is typically configured to transmit a number of packets and then wait for a confirmation from the receiving system that the packets have been received WO 97/35402 6 PCTlUS96/03909 pt~operly_ Tha amount of time required to transmit a data packet and receive confirmation of its arrival is known as the nlatlncy~~ of the syctsm.
If TCP does not receive confirmation that the data packet was properly received, it will assume that the packet was lost during transmission and re-transmit the packet. =f the latency of the system gets too high, TCP
will asswn:, prem,aturely, that the packet was lost and flood the network with re-transmiacions of the same data packets before the original packets reach their destination. This is also a problem because many service providers charge users per data packet t=ansmitted. If TCP is flooding the system with unnecessary duplicates of packets still in transmission, the cost to the user will be greatly inc=eased. Thus, Tcp cannot operate properly over a connection with a high latency. If the latency og the system exceeds approximately 3 to 5 seconds, TCP will begin to malfunction.
When the WWW is accessed over standard phone lines that do not support TCP, the TCP datagram must be encapsulated (3..e., translated) into a form that can be sent over the telephone line. The datagram is then unpacked and used by the receiving computer. While this approach works, it adds to the latency of the transiaission.
A further problem ~.rith accessing the Www asing a wirele:a modem is the increased latenciQe that are introduced by the wireless network. A general trend is 3o the wider the area served by a wireless data network, th: lower the bandwidth (in bps) of the transmission.
For example, present wireless communication systems in use in the United States are capable of transmitting 4,800 bits of data per second_ This results in lat~Ilcies up t0 as much as i~ SeCOndB.
Related art on wireless WWW access exists at: 1.
Carnegie Mellon University~s Information Networking WO 97/35402 - ~ '- PCT/US96/03909 Institute, wireless Andrew Initiative. 2. Rutgers University's Winlab, Dataman project. 3. University of Washington's C5&E. Mobisaic. 4. Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center, PDA and virtual office computing concepts.' S. Computer Networks & ISDN Systems Volume Oo28, Number 1-2 ISSN:0169-X552, Dec '95, "PDAs as Mabile WWW Browsers", 6sssler S., Kotulla A. 6. General Magic's, Magicap oS version of a WWW browser with enhancements for Telescript agent technology.
All of these projects and papers eithex require th8 modification of a browaer, specification of new protocols (still based on TCP), or defining generic inter-networking specifications for connecting wireless and low-bandwidth networks to the Internet for wWw access.
Thus, there is a need for a method of translating TCP in connections oust high-latency wireless and wireline networks.
2 O ProblsaL~, A second problem is that current WWW access software doss not provide standard mechanisms for compression, encryption, or filtering. compression entails decreasing thd sine of transmissions of data over the n~tworlt without changing the content of the information. Most proposals for compression support require external utilities from the browser to decompress the data, and then return usable output to the browser through the use of Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIM$. Nathaniel Borsnstein Qt. al RFC
1521) types.
Encryption is the coding of data transmissions.
Encryption helps to provide security aincs encrypted data transmissions are much more difficult for an unauthorized party to intercept and access.
- Unfortunately, it is unlikely that generic, open standards for these desirable sarvi.ces could be created WO 97/35402 $ PCT/LTS96103909 to support all WWet client requests. Standards are evolving for encryption in WWW software (i.a., Secure Socket Layer (SSL))_ However, at current lBVels of computer hacking, it is unlikely that any open standard for encryption will bQ able to maintain integrity for long.
Mast advanced browsing technologies, therefore, have installed proprietary encryption schemes mnd are only capable of working between a www server that 1o supports the encryption scheme. This option goes against the open standards design of thQ www_ Filtering refers to global control of a ~JWw respon:e based on data size, type, or some other characteristic whereby a user can customize the receipt of data. Work is being dons in this area through WWW
search engines, specialized caching utilities on advanced browsers, etc.
The filtering referred to here. is a global safety net for unwary users that could potentially misuse a zo wireless/low-bandwidth data network by requesting too much data, retrieving spurious information, or soma other unwanted side effect resulting from a WWW request.
For example, a user may request a data object from the WWw that a user is not aware is extremely large, and perhaps costly, to transmit. As a safety net, the user may configure a filter to automatically prevent a particular request from being executed.
Thus, there is a need for an implementation of compreaaion, encryption and filtering features in a WWW
interface.
Problem 3 A third~problem exists in that there is no standard way for WWw access software to receive asynchronous or 33 unsolicited updates from the network. Existing browser technology is client based. The most popular browsers, such as the Netscape'"', Mosaic="', Lynxz" browsers, as well as other less popular browsdrs, require users to initiate some form of request before response data will be delivered to thg respective browser.
For example, it is dQSirable for a company providing access to the WwW to be able to remotely configure a subscriber's tnJiiw access system from within the nQtworlc. Since regular browser3 do not offer this feature, subscribers must configure and update their access software manually. This may require the support so of the service provider through a traditional voice customer support fins or eu:tom agent software on the user's host system (refer to "ISGs Integrated Satvices Gateway", Bellcore TM-24856, for a more complete - description of the problem).
Thus, there is a need for a WWW interface that can receive and implement unsolicited transmissions from the network or service provider, particularly to automatically configure software for accessing the network.
SU.~1RY OF THZ =~Elff=Old It is thus an object of the present invention to meat the above-described needs and others. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and system for interfacing with the WWW that supports TCP/IP
in a high-latency environment, provides compression, encryption and filtering services and accepts and implements unsolicited messages from the WW1 or the service provider.
Additional objects, advantages and navel features ef the invention will be set forth in the description that follows, and will bacome apparQnt to thane skilled in the art upon reading this description or practicing the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the appended claims.
WO 97/35402 PCTlUS96/03909 To achieve the foregoing and other objects and in accordance with the purpose of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the system and method of the present invention may utilize a host computer having a browser and a local proxy in a first location, a remote proxy in a second location in _ communication with the local proxy through a low-bandwid.th network, means for initiating a query on the browssr and sending the query to the local proxy using 1o an application layer protocol, means far converting the application layer protocol of the query into a transport grotocol suitable for transmission over the low-bandwidth nstwor7c, means for transmitting the query over the low-bandwidth network from the local proxy to the remote proxy, and means for converting the transport protocol into an application layer protocol suitable for execution~of the query on the computer network.
It is also prsftrred fleet the system and method of the present invention include means for communicating the query to a network server, oxecuting the query, and returning a data object to the remote proxy, means for converting the data object into a transport protocol suitable for transmistioa over the low-bandwidth network, means for tt~ansmitting the data object over the low-bandwidth networ7c from the remote proxy to the local proxy, mans for converting the transport protocol of the data object into an application layer protocol at the local proxy, and means for communicating the data object into the brawtsr using the application layer 3o protocol.
It is also preferred that the system and method of thQ present invention include means far creating a query script having settings for compression, filtering, and encryption, means for encapsulating the query :eript for transmission over the low-bandwidth network from thB
local proxy to the remote proxy, means for compressing, filtering, and encrypting the data object according to ' WO 97/35402 - f 1 PCT/US96/03909 the settings in the query script, and means for placing the data object in a reply script for transmission over the low-bandwidth network from the remote proxy to the local proxy.
S In a further aspect of the present invention, in . accordance with its objects and purposes, the system of the present invention may also comprise a system for communicating with a computat network, comprising a host computer having a browcar for a user interface, a local proxy means for communicating with the browser using an application layer protocol, the local proxy means having means for converting the application layer protocol into a transport protocol, and a remote proxy means for communicating with the local proxy moans using the i5 transport protocol. The remote proxy means includes means for converting the transport protocol into the application layer protocol, and means for communicating with the computer network using the application layer protocol.
~RT$~' DE8i~IRTPTTO~T O$ T88 DR~~fINGB
The present invention will become more clearly appreciated as the disclosure of the present invention is made with reference to the accompanying drawings, 25 wherein:
P'ig. 1 is a block diagram showing the related art firewall interface between a privates computer network and the WWW.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing the split proxy 30 interface of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the protocol translation performed by the local proxy interface of the present invention.
Fig_ 4 is a schematic diagram of the protocol 35 translation performed by the remote proxy interface of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart showing the implementation of the proxy interface of the present application.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Reference will now be made in detail to a preferred embodiment of the invention, an example of which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
The creation of the HIInTW is a computing revolution which also offers a potential catalyst for wireless data networks to become a direct participant in exploding Internet popularity. The present invention provides a method and system for interfacing a private computer or private computer network with the HIWW which provides support for TCP/IP in a high-latency environment; compression, encryption, and filtering servicest and the receipt and implementation of unsolicited messages transmitted by the service provider. The present invention also allows a Laptop or Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) direct access to the WWW from a mobile (wireless) terminal.
For example, the interface to the WWW of the present invention may be implemented by modifying a proxy, Fig. 1, element 4, to perform the required functions. The modified proxy would become a system of split proxies (sometimes referred to as Agent technology) that could be implemented on a firewall, or can be an application running in the background on an individual computer, even a laptop, that can access the inlWW via a wireless or wireline network.
Referring to Fig. 2, the interface of the present invention is a modified split proxy. A split proxy comprises a local proxy 56 and a remote proxy 66, which are software modules that enable translation and restoration of TaWW requests.
A user operating a mobile terminal 52 is using a Web browser 54 which communicates with the WWW using TCP/IP. The local proxy 56 is a software package that runs in the background on the user terminal 52. Where high latency is a problem, the local proxy 56, according to the principles of the present invention, will translate data reguests/transmissions between the TCP/IP
protocol used by the browser and a protocol robust enough to carry data across the communication network to the remote proxy.
In the illustrated ~abodiment of Figure 2, the user l0 is accessing the WWW through a wireless nstwaric_ For example, a wireless modem 58 uses a low-bandwidth optimized protocol, such as AirBoss''" Wireless Transport protocol, to communicate with base station 60. Thus, - the local proxy 56 translates the low-bandwidth optimized protocol to TCPjIP_ The local proxy's encapsulated request script (sss Fig. 5 - General Browser Usage Flaw), is transmitted through a wireless network 62 to the remote proxy 66.
The remote proxy 66 makes the necessary protocol translations between TCP/IP and the low-bandwidth optimized protocol, such as AirBoss"' Wireless Transport Protocol, to connect the user to thQ WWW 68.
Ths present invention provides several msthodc by which standard web browssrs that support proxy services Z5 can be adapted for wireless and low-bandwidth web browsing. The prassnt invention will bs explained by describing three sets of methods, which relate to the first, second, and third problems described above, respectively.
Method Sst 1 The girst problem to bs overcome is the transmission o! data using TCP/IP over networks that sxperienca high latency, far example, more than approximately 3 to 5 seconds. The method and system used to solve Problem 2 involve protocol translation.
Protocol translation refers to encapsulating TCP
WO 97/35402 r 14 - pC'~'/US96/03909 application requests that have a single raquest/response pair (i.e., HTTP, SMTP, Gopher, and WAIS) into a suitable connection-oriented protocol robust enough to function in the high latencies encountered over communication networks, particularly wireless and other low-bandwidth networks, that transmit the data. -The protocol translation is achieved by the split proxy. The local proxy is~ started on the host where a user also initiates a standard web browsex. The web 1o browser is configured, either by the user or the local proxy, to communicate with the local proxy. The latter configuration option is preferred because it hides reasonably sophisticatdd proxy congiguration ia~sues from the user. However, the. proxy must 3znow which browser is being used.
Once thss local proxy and web browser are launched aad configured correctly, the browser then tunnels all WWW requests through the local proxy. The local proxy then takes the browser~s WWW request and converts it 2o into an appropriate low-bandwidth optimized protocol for the networ7t being used (s.g., AirBossa' Wireless Transport Protocol, based on ~Dp/IP).
The remote groxy i: capable of receiving the converted script form from the local proxy and completing the operation on behalf of the original request made by the browser. ones the data is received at the remote proxy from the converted request, the data is encrypted, co~xpressed, filtered based on the original script, and/or encapsulated into an optimized protocol 30: and sent back to the local proxy (these services will be described in iaore detail in Methods 2 sc 3 described below). The local proxy receives the encapsulated response, unpackagoa it, and returns the final raaponso to the browrar.
Re~srring to Figure 3, they sxaiuplg of a request for WWW data will be described. ThB web browssr 54 outputs a request which is couched in the advanced OSI protocol -- is -layers or application layer protocols 7o which comprises TCp/IP. The request is transmitted to the local proxy 5s which translates the request into a low-bandwidth optimized protocol 72, such as AirDoss"~ Wireless 3 Transport Protocol, which is based on UDP/rp. Th4 er~capsulatQd request is then submitted via the network access device 58 (e. g., modem) to the low-bandwidth network.
Referring to Figure 4, the request traverses the 1.o low-bandwidth network to arrive at the generic service node 74. The encapsulated request is then submitted to the remote proxy 66 which translates the encapsulated request from the low-bandwidth optimized protocol (e.g.,.
AirBossa' Transport Protocol) to the application layer 15 protocols originally created by the web browser, and submits the browser~s request to the Internet.
Regarding the communication between the remote and local proxies, mufti-threading is important.
Mufti-threading refers, to a programming/operating system 20 paradigm that allows apglications to appear to do several operations at the same time. During development og the present invQntion, it was discovered that the split proxy should be capable of mufti-threading request/response pairs. Since most WWw browsers support 25 mufti-threaded client request/responses, the split proxy should do the same to facilitate seamless integration into the WWW access regime.
Implementing mufti-threading in the split proxy of the pr~s~nt invention rsquir~s a transaction system 3o between the local and remote proxies to match the internal scripts that encapsulate a request with the response scripts destined for a browser. she precise transaction system implQmented between the proxies is not important, and it will be obvious to one of ordinary 35 sxill in the art how such a transaction system may be structured based on the disclosure of the present ' invention. The protocol and transaction mechanism ' - 16 -described in Method Sets 1 and 2 is based on the Personal Communications Internet work (PCI) system.
The more sophisticated the transaction system, the better the system and method of the present invention becomes for enabling end-users to browse the WWW over low-bandwidth networks. The following methods of the present invention are based on this discovery.
A benefit of supporting multi-threaded request/response pairs is that multiple browsers can be supported on a host by a single local proxy.
Method Set 2 As the WWW developed and the existing protocols were layered on top of each other to meet the data transmission needs of users, web browsers were created to make use of the existing protocols. In current WWW
access software, the need for data security and compactness was largely overlooked. As a result, web browsers using TCP/IP do not provide for encryption, compression or filtering of data for transmission.
The main consortium for the WWW, W3C, has considered standards for securing transmission of data over the WWW. However, the problem with such web-wide standards is that, once they are announced, hackers begin to work their way through the protocol specification to find ways of defeating the security measures.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention that the proxy software include compression, encryption, and filtering tools in a proprietary regime that still makes use of all of the open nature of the WWW. Thus, the transaction system between the remote and local proxies, including compression and encryption algorithms, may be a proprietary system devised by a service provider for the use of its customers.
A filtering tool can also rre implemented by the split proxy. Filtering, in the context of the present invention, ret~rs to a global control on the low-bandwidth network. For example, when browsers submit a S request for information, they generally do not know how much information is going to be retrieved. According to th.e principles of the present invention, the local proxy receives filtering configuration instructions from the user which ors then transmitted to and implemented by 1o the remote proxy. The remote proxy can then perform such functions as examining the response to a users data request and stopping unduly large data objects, for example, from overwhelming the usar~s system.
_ In general, encryption and comprsa~sion algorithms 15 are better placed in betwesn the local proxy and the remote proxy as opposed to placing such capabilities in a new web browser. As noted, such algorithms can then be protected in a proprietary rsgim~a_ One of ordinary skill in the art could easily design encryption and 20 compression algorithms based on well-known principles for any service provider desiring a unique set of algorithms.
on the other hand, despite their vulnerability, vpsn, widely-known standards for such algorithms, such 25 as have bean considered by the W3C, have advantages, such as, for example, interoparability.
Interoperability allows different producers of proxies to make remote and~local proxies that function together.
This also allow manufacturQrs of different computer 3o platforms to bridge their platforms with others.
A script to implement compression, encryption and filtering, whether proprietary or open, should include fields to do at least the following:
A_ Support encryption. For ~cxample, MD5 cipher 35 algorithms for secure monetary transactions of electronic data.
- I$ -B. Support multiple types of compression (compression choice should be bastd on tht typt of data contained in the script). For example, LZ~,z compres$ion algorithms can be used on textual data.
C. Support at least negative filters or positive filters. For example, one or more of the following giltering algorithms can be used:
Negative filters - A response script should not include any binary data or a response script should not be greater than this silt.
Positive Filters - A response should include all lines of t~xt with "wireless" in it.
If at any point along tht path bstwten the remote and local proxies there is sore failure, particularly in the wireless environment, the transaction system between the local and remote proxies must be able to respond appropriately. For example, it the script cannot be submitted to the wireless network, or the script fails to get to fist remote proxy, or the remote proxy is 2o incapable of getting access to the Inttrnst, tht transaction system must respond appropriately.
Method Set 3 The final problem arises becausQ WWW access software, the web browssr, was originally designed to act as a client. Client software on its own generally is not capable of receiving asynchronous or unsolicited updates from the network. This is a problem if a strviea provider would liDce to provide subscribers with access software and then to remotely (from within the aatworlc, manage the configuration o= that software for the user. This feature of the present invention provides a way far large sQ.rvice providtrs to offtr WWys access that is scalable to the ntads oZ the customer_ As noted, the web browsers currently in use are not dt.signtd to receive and implement such updates_ 3'hs service provider may instead diatributs new updated WO 97/35402 lg PCT/LJS96/03909 software. If the user is operating on a large scales, implementing an update may even require a service technician dispatched to reinstall the software, reconfigure the software, and troubleshoot it.
Alternatively, the customor may hays to call a customer support line and wait for verbal instructions to support installation of the update.
. According to the principles of the present invention, a simpler and more efficient solution is provided by a sarvicn provider using the split proxy interface. Using the encryption and security protocols designed for the sarvico provider's system, the service provider can access the user's WWW access software on the user's own system and immQdiately install, configure i5 or update that software. This method may also incorporate messages to the uar to indicate the action taken by the *ervica providsr.
The solution of the present invention is to configure the local proxy to be capable o=
asynchronous/unsolicited receipt of scripts that are designed to modify an end user s host sy*tem for thingas li3ce'sottwate updates, configuration changes, ar new service advsrtise~nents. Ideally, the local proxy should be running constantly in the background of the user's system to receive and implement such communications, even if the web browsing software is not running.
Sincs the local proxy is not part of the browser and should always be running to receive thasB
asynchronous network uploads, the present invention waa 30. designed to bs small and modular to limit the amount or system resources. This feature protects against unwanted interaction with other installed software (i.~:, memory allocation, IP port assignmQnt, etc.).
Preferred Imt~lementation Referring to Fig. 5 of the drawing*, a flow diagram of the present invention will bs described. The flow WO 97!35402 PCT/US96/03909 diagram of Fig. 5 has a series of entities listed at the top corresponding to the main components of the present invention, including the web browser 54, the local proxy 56, the remote proxy 66, and the external web server of the wWW 68. The Flow diagram illustrates the interaction of these components during the startup -process, the general browser usage process, and the service update process, respectively.
The web browser 54 and the local proxy 56 are designed to run co-resident on the same host computer or user terminal 52. The remote proxy s6 and the external web server, however, do not necessarily need to be co-resident. The remote proxy 66 must only be able to access and communicate with the external web server.
The arrows in Fig. s represent communication or transfer of data from one entity to another. The arrow heads specify the direction in which the action is directed. The lines from tap to bottom represent the timeline and the sequence with which the process stops occur.
The first flow shown in F'ig. 5 is the :tart-up flow. This is basically how the system is activated on the end user': host computer. It is assumed that the remote proxy and the external web server are already running in all of these flow descriptions (those systems can bQ maintained and started by a system administrator with no interaction from the end user's point of view).
The first action that occurs is that the end user starts the local proxy. That simply means launching an application that starts up and runs in the background of a multi-threaded operating cystem_ The operating system can be, for example, the Windows"' Version 3.1 operating system.
After the local proxy is started, the local proxy has two rQSponsibilitiss. =f the brawler type is specified on the user's host computer, the local proxy should configure and start the browser. Some browssrs must be configured before they are launched, while other browsers must be launched first and then configured.
This is dependent on which browser type is being used.
Ttia browsQr can be any conventional browser type that S supports proxy services.
It the browser type is not known, the end user will have to launch and configure the browser manually fox - the local proxy. In this case, the end user must know enough information about the web browser that he is 1o using to be able to manually configure it for proxy services.
The second flow shown on Fig. 5 is a general browser usage flow. Thix flow shows the process steps Qf the present invention after the browser has bean 15 started and configured. The end user first submits a standard web request. That basically means the user points and clicks on a hyperlink or opens up a dialog box and enters what is typically called a universal resource locator (uRL). For example, this is how the 2o Internet community identifies and accesses data objects on the wwW.
The next step in the flow for the g~nsral browasr usage is that the query launched from the browssr is submitted to the local proxy. The local proxy creates a 25 gusty script, and planes rottings in that script defining the type of cemprsssion to be used on the data object or the types of compressions that are available.
The local proxy also places sQttings in the script for the filters and the encryption typo to bs applied to 3o that data object. Tha settings provide security and also give the user control of the information that will ba returned in response to the gusty.
After that script is created, it is delivered to the remote proxy. The remote proxy parses the query 35 script and extracts the packaged query that was originally submitted by the browser. The remote proxy WO 97/35402 PfT/LTS96/03909 then executes the query in a standard web data object request.
The external web server, after receiving the query, will return the appropriate data object associated with the gusty. No other special enhancements are needed at that point. That is just a traditional client to server _ request on the computer networ7~ that can use any appropriate WWW protocols. For example, hypertext transfer protocol, tilt transport protocol, simple mail transport protocol, or post offfce protocol can be used.
After the data object has been returned to the remote proxy, the remote proxy applies the compression, filters, and encryption that were specified in the original query script. ThosQ. include the actions to bs i5 run on the data object to put the data object into the correct form for delivery to the local proxy. The compression, filters, and encryption era formulated into a reply script.
After the actions are completed and delivered to 2o the local proxy, the local proxy matches the reply script with the request script. Once the reply script is matched with the request script, it will know the appropriate browssr sad place to deliver that information to thB browser. The local proxy than parses - 25 through the reply script and extracts the int~,rna3. data object. Thus, two things need to happen with the reply script in the local proxy. The reply script must be matched with the request, and the local proxy must extract the data object out and deliver it to the 3Q appropriate place in the operating system so that the browser can display the object in its viewer.
The third flow shown in Fig. 5 i' a service update or a service script flo~r_ This is a situation where a network administrator that is interested in implementing 35 updated services r~rould be able to remotely from within the network configure an end user's host systoza. The remote proxy creates a service script_ For exempla, if WO 97/35402 - a 3 - PCTlUS96/03909 a new HTML homy page is to be delivered and configured on the end user s remote system, a service script would be created that instructs the local proxy to write an _ HTML file into the distribution. The service script Would contain the HTML page as the data object and once the script is completed in an appropriate form, it would be delivered to the local proxy.
Ths local proxy has a responsibility of parsing through the service script, pulling out both the action and any associated data objects with that action, and completing the requested action. So, to ginish the example, the local proxy would parse through to find out what action was requested (writing a new H2~L home page), extract the data object (a new HT1~ home page), and then write the data object to the local file distribution. Ths arrow indicates that it is sometimes appropriate to display information into the browser:
Sometimes that is not going to bs possible, and the local proxy will display dialog boxs: or other user 2o interface notification vt appropriate actions. The browsers that are capable of receiving asynchronous updates can be notified at that point, and the Local proxy will initiate that action and send any appropriate user interface controls to the browser to display to the user the actions that have just been sxacutsd on the local host system.
The interface between a user and the WwW provided by the present invention provides protocol translation, compression, encryption, filtering and automatic service 3o updates that r8sults in a much improved connection to this extremely valuable resource. Regarding compression, there could ba a direct savings to an errd asst for demanding the proxy services of tha present invention in a wiralQSS networking environment. Host wireless network providers have per packet charges or flat rates for bulk usag~s (s.g., rixad rate for up to 1 ' M8 of data). A diract savings could be realized when data on that link is cotapressed. Empirical measurements show that standard HTML data can be regularly compressed to SO-box of the original payload, including script overhead. This means a customer can retrieve twice as much WWw data for the same price.
The present invention provides a Way for a network _ administrator to directly manage a customer°s host configuration, foregoing less reliable technical support _ lines to troubleshoot problems or requiring the customer to learn sophisticated settings for software. Also, new service deployment is automated by the present invention.
The technology embodied in the present invention is most suitable for use by =SPs, manufacturers of PDAa and Laptops, Wireless Network Providers, Wireless System Integrators, and Telephony providers wishing to becoaa~
ZSPs. The technology can also be integrated with other product lines to enhance pro~acts that have strong ties to thQ WWW and have mobility components.
2o It will be appreciated that the pras'rnt invention is not limited to the exact construction or process steps that have been described above and illustrated in the accomganying drawings, and that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope and spirit thereof. It is intended that the cops and spirit of the invention only be limited by the appended claims.
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WO 97/35402 ' ~P~IE A
Glossay of Acronyms CDPD CQllttlar Digital Packet Data FTP File Transfer Protocol HTML l3yper Tent Markup language HTTP hyper Text Transport Protocol IP Internet Protocol ISDN =ntegrated Servicss Digital Netwo3rk ISG Integrated Services Gateway ISP Internet Service. Providers LAN Local ArQa Network LP Local Proxy LZW Leo-Z~mpel-Walch oSI open Systems Interconnection Z5 PCI Personal Communications Intern~twork PDA Personal Digital As:istant RP R~otn Proxy SMTP Simple Mail Transt'er Protocol ssL secure socket Layer 2o TcP Transmission Control protocol UDP User Datagram Protocol URL Universal Resource Locator WA=S wide Arse Information Search WWW World Wide Web
As the WWw became mas~ popular and subject to wider public use, the Department of Defense curtailed its involvoment. Today, many government-funded links on tYse Internet have bean turned over to commercial entsrgrisss that maintain the interconnection of Local Area tistworxs (z~s) hstweaa universities, companies, atc.
Though the W~ ins proving to be an extremely valuable resource for corporate enterprises (for communicating via electronic mai3 (:-mail), accessing information on-line, etc.), corporations era concerned about the security at their intellectual property, trade.
secret:, financial racosds and other confidential 2s information stored on their computer natworxs. 2thare is also concasn about electronic vandalism -- unauthoriasd access of a computer networx over tho wWW for the purpose of destroying or distorting computerised information.
3o In response to those concerns, some connaations to thQ WWW have been protected with "llatworlc 3acurity Firawalls.» as shown in irig. 1, a firewall is crnu~only a specific pied of hardware and/or software bridgin9C
the connection between a private computer or computer 35 networx (LAN) 10 and the WW1P iz. The main purposes of a firawall is to screen data traffic into and out o= the nstworx that is to be protected. If a natworx intruder ' - 3 -is detected, the firewall has the capability of sifting through the data traffic and disabling the intruder's access. In early forms of Internet firewalls, it was generally difficult to ascertain which data traffic was good or bad, i.e., relating to a corporate user or an intruder. This created a problem for corporate users (inside the corporate LAN) of Internet applications, such as File Transfer Protocol (FTP), because their applications would sometimes get incorrectly blocked by the firewall. The firewalls needed more intelligence about application data traversing a firewall so that desirable traffic was not hindered.
Internet engineers designed "proxy" services on Internet firewalls to meet this need. These proxies are computer processes that completely understand specific applications like an FTP application. It became a straightforward matter for network administrators to add multiple proxies to the firewall system based on the type of applications the internal corporate users wanted to execute. For example, WWW
browsers (described below) would use a Hyper Text Transport Protocol (HTTP) proxy to transfer Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) documents.
To facilitate use of the WWW, "browsing" software 6 was developed. Browsers, such as the popular Netscape~ and Mosaics browsers, allow WWW users to browse information available on computers linked to the WWW. Further, systems have been proposed that provide users on computer networks with a consistent means to access a variety of media in a simplified fashion.
Making use of browsing software, has changed the way people view and create information - it has created the first true global hypermedia network.
One responsibility of an HTTP proxy is to receive requests from browsers or software applications 6 within the protected network 10 and relay those requests to the www lZ. The proxy also monitors access to the protected computer or network 10 from the WWW i2. Thus, the proxy 4 can allow a system administrator to monitor infOrmatiOn and r:quests flowing betwQen the protected s n~tworx io and the wWW 12. zt illicit activity is discovered, thQ proxy 4 can interrupt the connection to , the WWW 12. This proxy-driven firewall 2, 4 allows corporations and those with similar concerns to make uae of the valuable resources of the WWW i2 While 1o maintaining a degree of security.
To effect links between computers and software applications across the wWW, protocols have been developed to govern the transmission~of computerized data. A protocol organizes data to be transmitted over 15 thQ WWW in a standard way recognizable by the receiving computer. ThQre are seven layers in the open systeaas interconnection (OSI) model of a computer protoeol_ Each layer adds additional organizational capabilities that facilitate the transmission of data.
20 Internet Protocol (aP) is the third layer in the.
OSI model and the basic nlanguage°~ that is spoken on the =nternet. The fourth layer, Transmission Control Protocol (TC,P), is a more specialized protocol contained in IP. 2o use the WWW, a computer must be able to 25 communicate using a protocol that incorporates IP and, consequently, TCP.
The WWW and technologies surrounding Internet access have seen explosive growth. Many companies have Qvolved to allow subscribers access to the wwW using 30 standard telephony. A group called Internet Service Providers (ISP) represents many of these service providers_ A promising arQa for further Expansion of Internet access is wills-area wireless data networks. The 35 wireless networka inc3.uds eQllular digital pac3cet datEt (cDPD, provided by cellular carriers), cix-cuit-switched cellular networks;, such as the Mobitwx"' not'tork WO 97/35402 - 5 " PCTlUS96J03909 (provided by RAM Mobile data in the U.S.), the Ardia="
network, and a host of emerging national wireless data providers.
All of the listed data network providers offer traditional Internet protocol (IP) service and era capable of intQgrating with the WWW. The data speeds range from 4,800 to 28,8000 bps and have latencies that range =rom milliseconds to 10 seconds.
Despite the popularity of-the WWW. there are still 14 technical and security issues that must be overcome in accessing the Internet. Some of these problems era particularly acute for wireless systems trying to access the Www.
25 Problem 1 ThQ first problem is caused by data latency (described in more dQtail below). Data latency refers to the time delays created by multiple hops and slow links at data travels across various nodes within the 20 wWW. This particular problem is exacerbated when the wWw is accessed using a wireless modem. Most wide area wireless, and soma wiraline, data networka ware not originally designed to support the TCP/IP protocol.
Latencies are increased even further by encapsulating IP
2s data into the networxs~ original data protocols.
When TCP is organizing data for transmission over the WWW, it brsalcs the data into discrete '°packeta" of information. TCP then transmits the individual pac3cets.
Each packet includes instructions to the receiving 3o system for reassembling the packets into the complete data structure being transmitted. Lach packet also includes a cyclic redundancy check that allows the receiving system to check that the packet was not corrupted or broken up during transmission.
35 TcP is typically configured to transmit a number of packets and then wait for a confirmation from the receiving system that the packets have been received WO 97/35402 6 PCTlUS96/03909 pt~operly_ Tha amount of time required to transmit a data packet and receive confirmation of its arrival is known as the nlatlncy~~ of the syctsm.
If TCP does not receive confirmation that the data packet was properly received, it will assume that the packet was lost during transmission and re-transmit the packet. =f the latency of the system gets too high, TCP
will asswn:, prem,aturely, that the packet was lost and flood the network with re-transmiacions of the same data packets before the original packets reach their destination. This is also a problem because many service providers charge users per data packet t=ansmitted. If TCP is flooding the system with unnecessary duplicates of packets still in transmission, the cost to the user will be greatly inc=eased. Thus, Tcp cannot operate properly over a connection with a high latency. If the latency og the system exceeds approximately 3 to 5 seconds, TCP will begin to malfunction.
When the WWW is accessed over standard phone lines that do not support TCP, the TCP datagram must be encapsulated (3..e., translated) into a form that can be sent over the telephone line. The datagram is then unpacked and used by the receiving computer. While this approach works, it adds to the latency of the transiaission.
A further problem ~.rith accessing the Www asing a wirele:a modem is the increased latenciQe that are introduced by the wireless network. A general trend is 3o the wider the area served by a wireless data network, th: lower the bandwidth (in bps) of the transmission.
For example, present wireless communication systems in use in the United States are capable of transmitting 4,800 bits of data per second_ This results in lat~Ilcies up t0 as much as i~ SeCOndB.
Related art on wireless WWW access exists at: 1.
Carnegie Mellon University~s Information Networking WO 97/35402 - ~ '- PCT/US96/03909 Institute, wireless Andrew Initiative. 2. Rutgers University's Winlab, Dataman project. 3. University of Washington's C5&E. Mobisaic. 4. Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center, PDA and virtual office computing concepts.' S. Computer Networks & ISDN Systems Volume Oo28, Number 1-2 ISSN:0169-X552, Dec '95, "PDAs as Mabile WWW Browsers", 6sssler S., Kotulla A. 6. General Magic's, Magicap oS version of a WWW browser with enhancements for Telescript agent technology.
All of these projects and papers eithex require th8 modification of a browaer, specification of new protocols (still based on TCP), or defining generic inter-networking specifications for connecting wireless and low-bandwidth networks to the Internet for wWw access.
Thus, there is a need for a method of translating TCP in connections oust high-latency wireless and wireline networks.
2 O ProblsaL~, A second problem is that current WWW access software doss not provide standard mechanisms for compression, encryption, or filtering. compression entails decreasing thd sine of transmissions of data over the n~tworlt without changing the content of the information. Most proposals for compression support require external utilities from the browser to decompress the data, and then return usable output to the browser through the use of Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIM$. Nathaniel Borsnstein Qt. al RFC
1521) types.
Encryption is the coding of data transmissions.
Encryption helps to provide security aincs encrypted data transmissions are much more difficult for an unauthorized party to intercept and access.
- Unfortunately, it is unlikely that generic, open standards for these desirable sarvi.ces could be created WO 97/35402 $ PCT/LTS96103909 to support all WWet client requests. Standards are evolving for encryption in WWW software (i.a., Secure Socket Layer (SSL))_ However, at current lBVels of computer hacking, it is unlikely that any open standard for encryption will bQ able to maintain integrity for long.
Mast advanced browsing technologies, therefore, have installed proprietary encryption schemes mnd are only capable of working between a www server that 1o supports the encryption scheme. This option goes against the open standards design of thQ www_ Filtering refers to global control of a ~JWw respon:e based on data size, type, or some other characteristic whereby a user can customize the receipt of data. Work is being dons in this area through WWW
search engines, specialized caching utilities on advanced browsers, etc.
The filtering referred to here. is a global safety net for unwary users that could potentially misuse a zo wireless/low-bandwidth data network by requesting too much data, retrieving spurious information, or soma other unwanted side effect resulting from a WWW request.
For example, a user may request a data object from the WWw that a user is not aware is extremely large, and perhaps costly, to transmit. As a safety net, the user may configure a filter to automatically prevent a particular request from being executed.
Thus, there is a need for an implementation of compreaaion, encryption and filtering features in a WWW
interface.
Problem 3 A third~problem exists in that there is no standard way for WWw access software to receive asynchronous or 33 unsolicited updates from the network. Existing browser technology is client based. The most popular browsers, such as the Netscape'"', Mosaic="', Lynxz" browsers, as well as other less popular browsdrs, require users to initiate some form of request before response data will be delivered to thg respective browser.
For example, it is dQSirable for a company providing access to the WwW to be able to remotely configure a subscriber's tnJiiw access system from within the nQtworlc. Since regular browser3 do not offer this feature, subscribers must configure and update their access software manually. This may require the support so of the service provider through a traditional voice customer support fins or eu:tom agent software on the user's host system (refer to "ISGs Integrated Satvices Gateway", Bellcore TM-24856, for a more complete - description of the problem).
Thus, there is a need for a WWW interface that can receive and implement unsolicited transmissions from the network or service provider, particularly to automatically configure software for accessing the network.
SU.~1RY OF THZ =~Elff=Old It is thus an object of the present invention to meat the above-described needs and others. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and system for interfacing with the WWW that supports TCP/IP
in a high-latency environment, provides compression, encryption and filtering services and accepts and implements unsolicited messages from the WW1 or the service provider.
Additional objects, advantages and navel features ef the invention will be set forth in the description that follows, and will bacome apparQnt to thane skilled in the art upon reading this description or practicing the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the appended claims.
WO 97/35402 PCTlUS96/03909 To achieve the foregoing and other objects and in accordance with the purpose of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the system and method of the present invention may utilize a host computer having a browser and a local proxy in a first location, a remote proxy in a second location in _ communication with the local proxy through a low-bandwid.th network, means for initiating a query on the browssr and sending the query to the local proxy using 1o an application layer protocol, means far converting the application layer protocol of the query into a transport grotocol suitable for transmission over the low-bandwidth nstwor7c, means for transmitting the query over the low-bandwidth network from the local proxy to the remote proxy, and means for converting the transport protocol into an application layer protocol suitable for execution~of the query on the computer network.
It is also prsftrred fleet the system and method of the present invention include means for communicating the query to a network server, oxecuting the query, and returning a data object to the remote proxy, means for converting the data object into a transport protocol suitable for transmistioa over the low-bandwidth network, means for tt~ansmitting the data object over the low-bandwidth networ7c from the remote proxy to the local proxy, mans for converting the transport protocol of the data object into an application layer protocol at the local proxy, and means for communicating the data object into the brawtsr using the application layer 3o protocol.
It is also preferred that the system and method of thQ present invention include means far creating a query script having settings for compression, filtering, and encryption, means for encapsulating the query :eript for transmission over the low-bandwidth network from thB
local proxy to the remote proxy, means for compressing, filtering, and encrypting the data object according to ' WO 97/35402 - f 1 PCT/US96/03909 the settings in the query script, and means for placing the data object in a reply script for transmission over the low-bandwidth network from the remote proxy to the local proxy.
S In a further aspect of the present invention, in . accordance with its objects and purposes, the system of the present invention may also comprise a system for communicating with a computat network, comprising a host computer having a browcar for a user interface, a local proxy means for communicating with the browser using an application layer protocol, the local proxy means having means for converting the application layer protocol into a transport protocol, and a remote proxy means for communicating with the local proxy moans using the i5 transport protocol. The remote proxy means includes means for converting the transport protocol into the application layer protocol, and means for communicating with the computer network using the application layer protocol.
~RT$~' DE8i~IRTPTTO~T O$ T88 DR~~fINGB
The present invention will become more clearly appreciated as the disclosure of the present invention is made with reference to the accompanying drawings, 25 wherein:
P'ig. 1 is a block diagram showing the related art firewall interface between a privates computer network and the WWW.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing the split proxy 30 interface of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the protocol translation performed by the local proxy interface of the present invention.
Fig_ 4 is a schematic diagram of the protocol 35 translation performed by the remote proxy interface of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart showing the implementation of the proxy interface of the present application.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Reference will now be made in detail to a preferred embodiment of the invention, an example of which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
The creation of the HIInTW is a computing revolution which also offers a potential catalyst for wireless data networks to become a direct participant in exploding Internet popularity. The present invention provides a method and system for interfacing a private computer or private computer network with the HIWW which provides support for TCP/IP in a high-latency environment; compression, encryption, and filtering servicest and the receipt and implementation of unsolicited messages transmitted by the service provider. The present invention also allows a Laptop or Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) direct access to the WWW from a mobile (wireless) terminal.
For example, the interface to the WWW of the present invention may be implemented by modifying a proxy, Fig. 1, element 4, to perform the required functions. The modified proxy would become a system of split proxies (sometimes referred to as Agent technology) that could be implemented on a firewall, or can be an application running in the background on an individual computer, even a laptop, that can access the inlWW via a wireless or wireline network.
Referring to Fig. 2, the interface of the present invention is a modified split proxy. A split proxy comprises a local proxy 56 and a remote proxy 66, which are software modules that enable translation and restoration of TaWW requests.
A user operating a mobile terminal 52 is using a Web browser 54 which communicates with the WWW using TCP/IP. The local proxy 56 is a software package that runs in the background on the user terminal 52. Where high latency is a problem, the local proxy 56, according to the principles of the present invention, will translate data reguests/transmissions between the TCP/IP
protocol used by the browser and a protocol robust enough to carry data across the communication network to the remote proxy.
In the illustrated ~abodiment of Figure 2, the user l0 is accessing the WWW through a wireless nstwaric_ For example, a wireless modem 58 uses a low-bandwidth optimized protocol, such as AirBoss''" Wireless Transport protocol, to communicate with base station 60. Thus, - the local proxy 56 translates the low-bandwidth optimized protocol to TCPjIP_ The local proxy's encapsulated request script (sss Fig. 5 - General Browser Usage Flaw), is transmitted through a wireless network 62 to the remote proxy 66.
The remote proxy 66 makes the necessary protocol translations between TCP/IP and the low-bandwidth optimized protocol, such as AirBoss"' Wireless Transport Protocol, to connect the user to thQ WWW 68.
Ths present invention provides several msthodc by which standard web browssrs that support proxy services Z5 can be adapted for wireless and low-bandwidth web browsing. The prassnt invention will bs explained by describing three sets of methods, which relate to the first, second, and third problems described above, respectively.
Method Sst 1 The girst problem to bs overcome is the transmission o! data using TCP/IP over networks that sxperienca high latency, far example, more than approximately 3 to 5 seconds. The method and system used to solve Problem 2 involve protocol translation.
Protocol translation refers to encapsulating TCP
WO 97/35402 r 14 - pC'~'/US96/03909 application requests that have a single raquest/response pair (i.e., HTTP, SMTP, Gopher, and WAIS) into a suitable connection-oriented protocol robust enough to function in the high latencies encountered over communication networks, particularly wireless and other low-bandwidth networks, that transmit the data. -The protocol translation is achieved by the split proxy. The local proxy is~ started on the host where a user also initiates a standard web browsex. The web 1o browser is configured, either by the user or the local proxy, to communicate with the local proxy. The latter configuration option is preferred because it hides reasonably sophisticatdd proxy congiguration ia~sues from the user. However, the. proxy must 3znow which browser is being used.
Once thss local proxy and web browser are launched aad configured correctly, the browser then tunnels all WWW requests through the local proxy. The local proxy then takes the browser~s WWW request and converts it 2o into an appropriate low-bandwidth optimized protocol for the networ7t being used (s.g., AirBossa' Wireless Transport Protocol, based on ~Dp/IP).
The remote groxy i: capable of receiving the converted script form from the local proxy and completing the operation on behalf of the original request made by the browser. ones the data is received at the remote proxy from the converted request, the data is encrypted, co~xpressed, filtered based on the original script, and/or encapsulated into an optimized protocol 30: and sent back to the local proxy (these services will be described in iaore detail in Methods 2 sc 3 described below). The local proxy receives the encapsulated response, unpackagoa it, and returns the final raaponso to the browrar.
Re~srring to Figure 3, they sxaiuplg of a request for WWW data will be described. ThB web browssr 54 outputs a request which is couched in the advanced OSI protocol -- is -layers or application layer protocols 7o which comprises TCp/IP. The request is transmitted to the local proxy 5s which translates the request into a low-bandwidth optimized protocol 72, such as AirDoss"~ Wireless 3 Transport Protocol, which is based on UDP/rp. Th4 er~capsulatQd request is then submitted via the network access device 58 (e. g., modem) to the low-bandwidth network.
Referring to Figure 4, the request traverses the 1.o low-bandwidth network to arrive at the generic service node 74. The encapsulated request is then submitted to the remote proxy 66 which translates the encapsulated request from the low-bandwidth optimized protocol (e.g.,.
AirBossa' Transport Protocol) to the application layer 15 protocols originally created by the web browser, and submits the browser~s request to the Internet.
Regarding the communication between the remote and local proxies, mufti-threading is important.
Mufti-threading refers, to a programming/operating system 20 paradigm that allows apglications to appear to do several operations at the same time. During development og the present invQntion, it was discovered that the split proxy should be capable of mufti-threading request/response pairs. Since most WWw browsers support 25 mufti-threaded client request/responses, the split proxy should do the same to facilitate seamless integration into the WWW access regime.
Implementing mufti-threading in the split proxy of the pr~s~nt invention rsquir~s a transaction system 3o between the local and remote proxies to match the internal scripts that encapsulate a request with the response scripts destined for a browser. she precise transaction system implQmented between the proxies is not important, and it will be obvious to one of ordinary 35 sxill in the art how such a transaction system may be structured based on the disclosure of the present ' invention. The protocol and transaction mechanism ' - 16 -described in Method Sets 1 and 2 is based on the Personal Communications Internet work (PCI) system.
The more sophisticated the transaction system, the better the system and method of the present invention becomes for enabling end-users to browse the WWW over low-bandwidth networks. The following methods of the present invention are based on this discovery.
A benefit of supporting multi-threaded request/response pairs is that multiple browsers can be supported on a host by a single local proxy.
Method Set 2 As the WWW developed and the existing protocols were layered on top of each other to meet the data transmission needs of users, web browsers were created to make use of the existing protocols. In current WWW
access software, the need for data security and compactness was largely overlooked. As a result, web browsers using TCP/IP do not provide for encryption, compression or filtering of data for transmission.
The main consortium for the WWW, W3C, has considered standards for securing transmission of data over the WWW. However, the problem with such web-wide standards is that, once they are announced, hackers begin to work their way through the protocol specification to find ways of defeating the security measures.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention that the proxy software include compression, encryption, and filtering tools in a proprietary regime that still makes use of all of the open nature of the WWW. Thus, the transaction system between the remote and local proxies, including compression and encryption algorithms, may be a proprietary system devised by a service provider for the use of its customers.
A filtering tool can also rre implemented by the split proxy. Filtering, in the context of the present invention, ret~rs to a global control on the low-bandwidth network. For example, when browsers submit a S request for information, they generally do not know how much information is going to be retrieved. According to th.e principles of the present invention, the local proxy receives filtering configuration instructions from the user which ors then transmitted to and implemented by 1o the remote proxy. The remote proxy can then perform such functions as examining the response to a users data request and stopping unduly large data objects, for example, from overwhelming the usar~s system.
_ In general, encryption and comprsa~sion algorithms 15 are better placed in betwesn the local proxy and the remote proxy as opposed to placing such capabilities in a new web browser. As noted, such algorithms can then be protected in a proprietary rsgim~a_ One of ordinary skill in the art could easily design encryption and 20 compression algorithms based on well-known principles for any service provider desiring a unique set of algorithms.
on the other hand, despite their vulnerability, vpsn, widely-known standards for such algorithms, such 25 as have bean considered by the W3C, have advantages, such as, for example, interoparability.
Interoperability allows different producers of proxies to make remote and~local proxies that function together.
This also allow manufacturQrs of different computer 3o platforms to bridge their platforms with others.
A script to implement compression, encryption and filtering, whether proprietary or open, should include fields to do at least the following:
A_ Support encryption. For ~cxample, MD5 cipher 35 algorithms for secure monetary transactions of electronic data.
- I$ -B. Support multiple types of compression (compression choice should be bastd on tht typt of data contained in the script). For example, LZ~,z compres$ion algorithms can be used on textual data.
C. Support at least negative filters or positive filters. For example, one or more of the following giltering algorithms can be used:
Negative filters - A response script should not include any binary data or a response script should not be greater than this silt.
Positive Filters - A response should include all lines of t~xt with "wireless" in it.
If at any point along tht path bstwten the remote and local proxies there is sore failure, particularly in the wireless environment, the transaction system between the local and remote proxies must be able to respond appropriately. For example, it the script cannot be submitted to the wireless network, or the script fails to get to fist remote proxy, or the remote proxy is 2o incapable of getting access to the Inttrnst, tht transaction system must respond appropriately.
Method Set 3 The final problem arises becausQ WWW access software, the web browssr, was originally designed to act as a client. Client software on its own generally is not capable of receiving asynchronous or unsolicited updates from the network. This is a problem if a strviea provider would liDce to provide subscribers with access software and then to remotely (from within the aatworlc, manage the configuration o= that software for the user. This feature of the present invention provides a way far large sQ.rvice providtrs to offtr WWys access that is scalable to the ntads oZ the customer_ As noted, the web browsers currently in use are not dt.signtd to receive and implement such updates_ 3'hs service provider may instead diatributs new updated WO 97/35402 lg PCT/LJS96/03909 software. If the user is operating on a large scales, implementing an update may even require a service technician dispatched to reinstall the software, reconfigure the software, and troubleshoot it.
Alternatively, the customor may hays to call a customer support line and wait for verbal instructions to support installation of the update.
. According to the principles of the present invention, a simpler and more efficient solution is provided by a sarvicn provider using the split proxy interface. Using the encryption and security protocols designed for the sarvico provider's system, the service provider can access the user's WWW access software on the user's own system and immQdiately install, configure i5 or update that software. This method may also incorporate messages to the uar to indicate the action taken by the *ervica providsr.
The solution of the present invention is to configure the local proxy to be capable o=
asynchronous/unsolicited receipt of scripts that are designed to modify an end user s host sy*tem for thingas li3ce'sottwate updates, configuration changes, ar new service advsrtise~nents. Ideally, the local proxy should be running constantly in the background of the user's system to receive and implement such communications, even if the web browsing software is not running.
Sincs the local proxy is not part of the browser and should always be running to receive thasB
asynchronous network uploads, the present invention waa 30. designed to bs small and modular to limit the amount or system resources. This feature protects against unwanted interaction with other installed software (i.~:, memory allocation, IP port assignmQnt, etc.).
Preferred Imt~lementation Referring to Fig. 5 of the drawing*, a flow diagram of the present invention will bs described. The flow WO 97!35402 PCT/US96/03909 diagram of Fig. 5 has a series of entities listed at the top corresponding to the main components of the present invention, including the web browser 54, the local proxy 56, the remote proxy 66, and the external web server of the wWW 68. The Flow diagram illustrates the interaction of these components during the startup -process, the general browser usage process, and the service update process, respectively.
The web browser 54 and the local proxy 56 are designed to run co-resident on the same host computer or user terminal 52. The remote proxy s6 and the external web server, however, do not necessarily need to be co-resident. The remote proxy 66 must only be able to access and communicate with the external web server.
The arrows in Fig. s represent communication or transfer of data from one entity to another. The arrow heads specify the direction in which the action is directed. The lines from tap to bottom represent the timeline and the sequence with which the process stops occur.
The first flow shown in F'ig. 5 is the :tart-up flow. This is basically how the system is activated on the end user': host computer. It is assumed that the remote proxy and the external web server are already running in all of these flow descriptions (those systems can bQ maintained and started by a system administrator with no interaction from the end user's point of view).
The first action that occurs is that the end user starts the local proxy. That simply means launching an application that starts up and runs in the background of a multi-threaded operating cystem_ The operating system can be, for example, the Windows"' Version 3.1 operating system.
After the local proxy is started, the local proxy has two rQSponsibilitiss. =f the brawler type is specified on the user's host computer, the local proxy should configure and start the browser. Some browssrs must be configured before they are launched, while other browsers must be launched first and then configured.
This is dependent on which browser type is being used.
Ttia browsQr can be any conventional browser type that S supports proxy services.
It the browser type is not known, the end user will have to launch and configure the browser manually fox - the local proxy. In this case, the end user must know enough information about the web browser that he is 1o using to be able to manually configure it for proxy services.
The second flow shown on Fig. 5 is a general browser usage flow. Thix flow shows the process steps Qf the present invention after the browser has bean 15 started and configured. The end user first submits a standard web request. That basically means the user points and clicks on a hyperlink or opens up a dialog box and enters what is typically called a universal resource locator (uRL). For example, this is how the 2o Internet community identifies and accesses data objects on the wwW.
The next step in the flow for the g~nsral browasr usage is that the query launched from the browssr is submitted to the local proxy. The local proxy creates a 25 gusty script, and planes rottings in that script defining the type of cemprsssion to be used on the data object or the types of compressions that are available.
The local proxy also places sQttings in the script for the filters and the encryption typo to bs applied to 3o that data object. Tha settings provide security and also give the user control of the information that will ba returned in response to the gusty.
After that script is created, it is delivered to the remote proxy. The remote proxy parses the query 35 script and extracts the packaged query that was originally submitted by the browser. The remote proxy WO 97/35402 PfT/LTS96/03909 then executes the query in a standard web data object request.
The external web server, after receiving the query, will return the appropriate data object associated with the gusty. No other special enhancements are needed at that point. That is just a traditional client to server _ request on the computer networ7~ that can use any appropriate WWW protocols. For example, hypertext transfer protocol, tilt transport protocol, simple mail transport protocol, or post offfce protocol can be used.
After the data object has been returned to the remote proxy, the remote proxy applies the compression, filters, and encryption that were specified in the original query script. ThosQ. include the actions to bs i5 run on the data object to put the data object into the correct form for delivery to the local proxy. The compression, filters, and encryption era formulated into a reply script.
After the actions are completed and delivered to 2o the local proxy, the local proxy matches the reply script with the request script. Once the reply script is matched with the request script, it will know the appropriate browssr sad place to deliver that information to thB browser. The local proxy than parses - 25 through the reply script and extracts the int~,rna3. data object. Thus, two things need to happen with the reply script in the local proxy. The reply script must be matched with the request, and the local proxy must extract the data object out and deliver it to the 3Q appropriate place in the operating system so that the browser can display the object in its viewer.
The third flow shown in Fig. 5 i' a service update or a service script flo~r_ This is a situation where a network administrator that is interested in implementing 35 updated services r~rould be able to remotely from within the network configure an end user's host systoza. The remote proxy creates a service script_ For exempla, if WO 97/35402 - a 3 - PCTlUS96/03909 a new HTML homy page is to be delivered and configured on the end user s remote system, a service script would be created that instructs the local proxy to write an _ HTML file into the distribution. The service script Would contain the HTML page as the data object and once the script is completed in an appropriate form, it would be delivered to the local proxy.
Ths local proxy has a responsibility of parsing through the service script, pulling out both the action and any associated data objects with that action, and completing the requested action. So, to ginish the example, the local proxy would parse through to find out what action was requested (writing a new H2~L home page), extract the data object (a new HT1~ home page), and then write the data object to the local file distribution. Ths arrow indicates that it is sometimes appropriate to display information into the browser:
Sometimes that is not going to bs possible, and the local proxy will display dialog boxs: or other user 2o interface notification vt appropriate actions. The browsers that are capable of receiving asynchronous updates can be notified at that point, and the Local proxy will initiate that action and send any appropriate user interface controls to the browser to display to the user the actions that have just been sxacutsd on the local host system.
The interface between a user and the WwW provided by the present invention provides protocol translation, compression, encryption, filtering and automatic service 3o updates that r8sults in a much improved connection to this extremely valuable resource. Regarding compression, there could ba a direct savings to an errd asst for demanding the proxy services of tha present invention in a wiralQSS networking environment. Host wireless network providers have per packet charges or flat rates for bulk usag~s (s.g., rixad rate for up to 1 ' M8 of data). A diract savings could be realized when data on that link is cotapressed. Empirical measurements show that standard HTML data can be regularly compressed to SO-box of the original payload, including script overhead. This means a customer can retrieve twice as much WWw data for the same price.
The present invention provides a Way for a network _ administrator to directly manage a customer°s host configuration, foregoing less reliable technical support _ lines to troubleshoot problems or requiring the customer to learn sophisticated settings for software. Also, new service deployment is automated by the present invention.
The technology embodied in the present invention is most suitable for use by =SPs, manufacturers of PDAa and Laptops, Wireless Network Providers, Wireless System Integrators, and Telephony providers wishing to becoaa~
ZSPs. The technology can also be integrated with other product lines to enhance pro~acts that have strong ties to thQ WWW and have mobility components.
2o It will be appreciated that the pras'rnt invention is not limited to the exact construction or process steps that have been described above and illustrated in the accomganying drawings, and that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope and spirit thereof. It is intended that the cops and spirit of the invention only be limited by the appended claims.
oC J
~ ~
WO 97/35402 ' ~P~IE A
Glossay of Acronyms CDPD CQllttlar Digital Packet Data FTP File Transfer Protocol HTML l3yper Tent Markup language HTTP hyper Text Transport Protocol IP Internet Protocol ISDN =ntegrated Servicss Digital Netwo3rk ISG Integrated Services Gateway ISP Internet Service. Providers LAN Local ArQa Network LP Local Proxy LZW Leo-Z~mpel-Walch oSI open Systems Interconnection Z5 PCI Personal Communications Intern~twork PDA Personal Digital As:istant RP R~otn Proxy SMTP Simple Mail Transt'er Protocol ssL secure socket Layer 2o TcP Transmission Control protocol UDP User Datagram Protocol URL Universal Resource Locator WA=S wide Arse Information Search WWW World Wide Web
Claims (29)
1. A method for communicating between a host computer with a client application in a first location and a server application in a second location over a communication path, said method comprising:
placing a local proxy at said first location;
placing a remote proxy at said second location in communication with said local proxy through said communication path;
initiating a query on said client application and sending said query to said local proxy using an application layer protocol;
converting said application layer protocol of said query into a transport protocol;
transmitting said query in said transport protocol over said communication path from said local proxy to said remote proxy; and converting said transport protocol of the transmitted query into an application layer protocol for execution of said query on said server application.
placing a local proxy at said first location;
placing a remote proxy at said second location in communication with said local proxy through said communication path;
initiating a query on said client application and sending said query to said local proxy using an application layer protocol;
converting said application layer protocol of said query into a transport protocol;
transmitting said query in said transport protocol over said communication path from said local proxy to said remote proxy; and converting said transport protocol of the transmitted query into an application layer protocol for execution of said query on said server application.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein said communication path is a high latency communication path.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein said communication path is a wireless network.
4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
executing said query at said server application and returning a data object to said remote proxy.
executing said query at said server application and returning a data object to said remote proxy.
5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising the steps of:
converting said data object into a transport protocol;
transmitting said data object in said transport protocol over said communication path from said remote proxy to said local proxy;
converting said transport protocol of the transmitted data object into an application layer protocol at said local proxy; and communicating said data object into said client application using said application layer protocol.
converting said data object into a transport protocol;
transmitting said data object in said transport protocol over said communication path from said remote proxy to said local proxy;
converting said transport protocol of the transmitted data object into an application layer protocol at said local proxy; and communicating said data object into said client application using said application layer protocol.
6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a start up operation comprising the steps of:
starting said local proxy on said host computer; and configuring and starting said client application using said local proxy.
starting said local proxy on said host computer; and configuring and starting said client application using said local proxy.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein said step of converting said application layer protocol of said query further comprises the steps of:
creating a query script having settings for compression, filters, and encryption; and encapsulating said query script for transmission over said communication path from said local proxy to said remote proxy.
creating a query script having settings for compression, filters, and encryption; and encapsulating said query script for transmission over said communication path from said local proxy to said remote proxy.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein said step of converting said application layer protocol of said data object further comprises the steps of:
compressing, filtering, and encrypting said data object according to said settings in said query script; and placing said data object in a reply script for transmission over said communication path from said remote proxy to said local proxy.
compressing, filtering, and encrypting said data object according to said settings in said query script; and placing said data object in a reply script for transmission over said communication path from said remote proxy to said local proxy.
9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising the steps of:
matching said reply script with said query script upon receiving said reply script in said local proxy;
delivering said reply script to said client application;
unpackaging said data object from said reply script; and displaying said data object at said first location.
matching said reply script with said query script upon receiving said reply script in said local proxy;
delivering said reply script to said client application;
unpackaging said data object from said reply script; and displaying said data object at said first location.
10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
creating a service script at said remote proxy;
transmitting said service script from said remote proxy to said local proxy;
parsing said service script and extracting a requested action and data object from said service script; and executing a service action at said local proxy.
creating a service script at said remote proxy;
transmitting said service script from said remote proxy to said local proxy;
parsing said service script and extracting a requested action and data object from said service script; and executing a service action at said local proxy.
11. A system for communicating between a host computer with a client application in a first location and a server application in a second location through a communication path, said system comprising a local proxy in said first location;
a remote proxy in said second location in communication with said local proxy through said communication path;
means for initiating a query on said client application and sending said query to said local proxy using an application layer protocol;
means for converting said application layer protocol of said query into a transport protocol;
means for transmitting said query in said transport protocol over said communication path from said local proxy to said remote proxy; and means for converting said transport protocol into an application layer protocol for execution of said query on said server application.
a remote proxy in said second location in communication with said local proxy through said communication path;
means for initiating a query on said client application and sending said query to said local proxy using an application layer protocol;
means for converting said application layer protocol of said query into a transport protocol;
means for transmitting said query in said transport protocol over said communication path from said local proxy to said remote proxy; and means for converting said transport protocol into an application layer protocol for execution of said query on said server application.
12. The system according to claim 10, further comprising means for executing said query and means for returning a data object to said remote proxy.
13. The system according to claim 12, further comprising:
means for converting said data object into a transport protocol;
means for transmitting said data object over said communication path from said remote proxy to said local proxy;
means for converting said transport protocol of said data object into an application layer protocol at said local proxy; and means for communicating said data object into said client application using said application layer protocol.
means for converting said data object into a transport protocol;
means for transmitting said data object over said communication path from said remote proxy to said local proxy;
means for converting said transport protocol of said data object into an application layer protocol at said local proxy; and means for communicating said data object into said client application using said application layer protocol.
14. The system according to claim 11, further comprising:
means for starting said local proxy on said client application; and means for configuring and starting said client application using said local proxy.
means for starting said local proxy on said client application; and means for configuring and starting said client application using said local proxy.
15. The system according to claim 11, wherein said means for converting said application layer protocol of said query further comprises:
means for creating a query script having settings for compression, filters, and encryption; and means for encapsulating said query script for transmission over said communication path from said local proxy to said remote proxy.
means for creating a query script having settings for compression, filters, and encryption; and means for encapsulating said query script for transmission over said communication path from said local proxy to said remote proxy.
16. The system according to claim 15, wherein said means for converting said application layer protocol of said data object further comprises:
means for compressing, filtering, and encrypting said data object according to said settings in said query script; and means for placing said data object in a reply script for transmission over said communication path from said remote proxy to said local proxy.
means for compressing, filtering, and encrypting said data object according to said settings in said query script; and means for placing said data object in a reply script for transmission over said communication path from said remote proxy to said local proxy.
17. The system according to claim 16, further comprising:
means for matching said reply script with said query script upon receiving said reply script in said local proxy;
means for delivering said reply script to said client application;
means for unpackaging said data object from said reply script;
and means for displaying said data object at said first location.
means for matching said reply script with said query script upon receiving said reply script in said local proxy;
means for delivering said reply script to said client application;
means for unpackaging said data object from said reply script;
and means for displaying said data object at said first location.
18. The system according to claim 11, further comprising:
means for creating a service script at said remote proxy;
means for transmitting said service script from said remote proxy to said local proxy;
means for parsing said service script and extracting a requested action and a data object from said service script; and means for executing a service action at said local proxy.
means for creating a service script at said remote proxy;
means for transmitting said service script from said remote proxy to said local proxy;
means for parsing said service script and extracting a requested action and a data object from said service script; and means for executing a service action at said local proxy.
19. The system according to claim 11, wherein said communication path is a high latency communication path.
20. The system according to claim 19, wherein said communication path comprises a wireless network.
21. A system for communicating with a remote server, said system comprising:
a host computer having a client application for a user interface;
a local proxy for communicating with said client application using an application layer protocol, said local proxy means having means for converting said application layer protocol into a transport layer protocol; and a remote proxy for communicating with said local proxy using a transport protocol, said remote proxy including means for converting said transport protocol into said application layer protocol and said remote proxy including means for communicating with said remote server using said application layer protocol.
a host computer having a client application for a user interface;
a local proxy for communicating with said client application using an application layer protocol, said local proxy means having means for converting said application layer protocol into a transport layer protocol; and a remote proxy for communicating with said local proxy using a transport protocol, said remote proxy including means for converting said transport protocol into said application layer protocol and said remote proxy including means for communicating with said remote server using said application layer protocol.
22. The system according to claim 21, wherein said local proxy and said remote proxy communicate through a high latency communication path.
23. The system according to claim 21, wherein said local proxy and said remote proxy communicate through a wireless network.
24. The system according to claim 21 wherein said proxies are provided with at least one encryption algorithm for encrypting data transmissions.
25. The method in accordance with claim 1 further comprising providing said proxies with at least one encryption algorithm for encrypting data transmissions.
26. The system according to claim 21 wherein said remote proxy filters data transmissions to said host computer.
27. The method according to claim 1 further comprising filtering data transmission from said server application to said host computer with said remote proxy.
28. The system according to claim 21 wherein said proxies compress data transmissions between said server application and said host computer,
29. The method according to claim 1 further comprising the step of compressing data transmissions between said server application and said host computer with said proxies.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CA002355318A CA2355318A1 (en) | 1996-03-22 | 1996-03-26 | Remote proxy system and method |
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| US08/614,612 US5673322A (en) | 1996-03-22 | 1996-03-22 | System and method for providing protocol translation and filtering to access the world wide web from wireless or low-bandwidth networks |
| PCT/US1996/003909 WO1997035402A1 (en) | 1996-03-22 | 1996-03-26 | Remote proxy system and method |
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| US6044205A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 2000-03-28 | Intermind Corporation | Communications system for transferring information between memories according to processes transferred with the information |
| US7006881B1 (en) * | 1991-12-23 | 2006-02-28 | Steven Hoffberg | Media recording device with remote graphic user interface |
| US8352400B2 (en) | 1991-12-23 | 2013-01-08 | Hoffberg Steven M | Adaptive pattern recognition based controller apparatus and method and human-factored interface therefore |
| US5694546A (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1997-12-02 | Reisman; Richard R. | System for automatic unattended electronic information transport between a server and a client by a vendor provided transport software with a manifest list |
| US5864683A (en) * | 1994-10-12 | 1999-01-26 | Secure Computing Corporartion | System for providing secure internetwork by connecting type enforcing secure computers to external network for limiting access to data based on user and process access rights |
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1996
- 1996-03-22 US US08/614,612 patent/US5673322A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-25 TW TW085103535A patent/TW388158B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-03-26 CN CNB961802286A patent/CN1155197C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-26 EP EP96912438A patent/EP0885501A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-03-26 KR KR10-1998-0707344A patent/KR100372403B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-03-26 CA CA002355318A patent/CA2355318A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-03-26 CA CA002247536A patent/CA2247536C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-26 JP JP9533423A patent/JPH11507152A/en active Pending
- 1996-03-26 WO PCT/US1996/003909 patent/WO1997035402A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-03-26 AU AU55256/96A patent/AU707755B2/en not_active Expired
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2002
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| WO1997035402A1 (en) | 1997-09-25 |
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| TW388158B (en) | 2000-04-21 |
| AU707755B2 (en) | 1999-07-22 |
| EP0885501A4 (en) | 2005-04-13 |
| US5673322A (en) | 1997-09-30 |
| JPH11507152A (en) | 1999-06-22 |
| CA2247536A1 (en) | 1997-09-25 |
| KR100372403B1 (en) | 2003-06-18 |
| JP2003233541A (en) | 2003-08-22 |
| CA2355318A1 (en) | 1997-09-25 |
| CN1215518A (en) | 1999-04-28 |
| AU5525696A (en) | 1997-10-10 |
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